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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 4: Small signal amplifiers"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.10: maximum_collector_current.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.10: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"Bv=12;//battery voltage in V\n",
+"P=2;// power in Watt\n",
+"Ic=(P/Bv)*10^3;\n",
+"disp(Ic,'The maximum collector current,Ic(mA) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.11: gai.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.11: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"del_ic=1;// in mA\n",
+"del_ib=10;// in micro-A\n",
+"del_Vbe=0.02;// in V\n",
+"del_ib=10*10^-6;// in A\n",
+"Rc=2;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Rl=10;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Beta=del_ic/(del_ib*10^3);//\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp(Beta,'Current gain,Beta = ')\n",
+"Ri=(del_Vbe/del_ib)*10^-3;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(Ri,'Input impedence,Ri(k-ohm) = ')\n",
+"Rac=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl);\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp(Rac,'Effective load,Rac(k-ohm) = ')\n",
+"Av=round(Beta*Rac/Ri);\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(Av,'Voltage gain,Av = ')\n",
+"Ap=Beta*Av;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp(Ap,'power gain,Ap = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.12: output_voltage.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.12: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Rc=10;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Rl=10;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Beta=100;\n",
+"Ri=2.5;\n",
+"Iv=2;// input voltage in mV\n",
+"Rac=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl);\n",
+"Av=round(Beta*Rac/Ri);\n",
+"Ov=Av*Iv*10^-3;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(Ov,'Output voltage,(V) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.13: gain_and_resistance.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.13: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"I=1;\n",
+"hfe=46;\n",
+"hoe=80*10^-6;// in mho\n",
+"hre=5.4*10^-4;\n",
+"hie=800;// in ohm\n",
+"RL=5*10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"Aie=hfe/(I+(hoe*RL));\n",
+"Zie=hie-(hre*RL*Aie);\n",
+"Ave=(Aie*RL)/Zie;\n",
+"Rg=500;// in ohm\n",
+"Zoe=((hie+Rg)/(hoe*(hie+Rg)-(hfe*hre)))/10^3;\n",
+"Ape=Aie*Ave;\n",
+"disp(Aie,'Current gain,Aie = ')\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp(Zie,'Input resistance,Zie(ohm) = ')\n",
+"disp(Ave,'Voltage gain,Ave = ')\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp(Zoe,'Output resistance,Zoe(k-ohm) = ')\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"disp(Ape,'Power gain,Ape = ')\n",
+"//voltage gain and power gain are calculated wrong in the textbook"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.14: gain_and_voltage.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.14: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"A=100;//gain without feedback\n",
+"Beta=1/25;//feed back ratio\n",
+"Af=(A/(1+(Beta*A)));//gain with feedback\n",
+"disp(Af,'(i) gain with feedback is ,=')\n",
+"ff=Beta*A;//feedback factor\n",
+"disp(ff,'feedback factor is,=')\n",
+"vi=50;//mV\n",
+"Vo=Af*vi*10^-3;//in V\n",
+"disp(Vo,'output voltage is ,(V)=')\n",
+"fv=Beta*Vo;//in V\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp(fv,'feedback voltage is ,(V)=')\n",
+"vin=vi*(1+Beta*A);//mV\n",
+"disp(vin,'new increased input voltage is ,(mV)=')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.15: voltage_gai.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.15: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"A=1000;//gain without feedback\n",
+"fctr=0.40;//gain reduction factor\n",
+"Af=A-fctr*A;//gain with feedback\n",
+"Beta=((A/Af)-1)/A;//feed back ratio\n",
+"A2=800 ;//redued gain\n",
+"Af2=((A2)/(1+(Beta*A2)));//\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp(Af2,'(i) voltage gain is ,=')\n",
+"prfb= ((A-A2)/A)*100;//percentage reduction without feedback\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(prfb,'(ii) percentage reduction without feedback is,(%)=')\n",
+"prwfb= ((Af-Af2)/Af)*100;//percentage reduction without feedback\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp(prwfb,'percentage reduction with feedback is,(%)=')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.16: small_change_in_gain.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.16: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"A=200;//gain without feedback\n",
+"Beta=0.25;//feed back ratio\n",
+"gc=10;//percent gain change\n",
+"dA=gc/100;//\n",
+"dAf= ((1/(1+Beta*A)))*dA;//\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"disp(dAf,'small change in gain is,=')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.17: input_voltage.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.17: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"A=200;//gain without feedback\n",
+"Beta=0.05;//feed back ratio\n",
+"Af=(A/(1+(Beta*A)));//gain with feedback\n",
+"disp(Af,' gain with negative feedback is ,=')\n",
+"Dn=10;//percentage distortion\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"Dn1=(Dn/(1+A*Beta));//percentage Distortion with negative feedback\n",
+"ff=Beta*A;//feedback factor\n",
+"vo=0.5;//initial output voltage\n",
+"vi=A*vo;//in V\n",
+"vin=vi/Af;//in V\n",
+"disp(Dn1,'percentage Distortion with negative feedback is ,(%)=')\n",
+"disp(vin,'new input voltage is ,(V)=')\n",
+"//gain and input voltage are calculated wrong in the textbook "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.18: percentage_of_feedback.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.18: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"A=50;//gain without feedback\n",
+"Af=10;//gain with feedback\n",
+"Beta=(((A/Af)-1)/A)*100;//feed back ratio\n",
+"disp(Beta,' percentage of feedback is ,(%)=')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.19: band_width.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.19: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"Bw=200;//bandwidth in kHz\n",
+"vg=40;//dB\n",
+"fb=5;//percentage negetive feedback\n",
+"A=40;//gain without feedback\n",
+"Beta=fb/100;//feed back ratio\n",
+"Af=(A/(1+(Beta*A)));//gain with feedback\n",
+"Bwf= (A*Bw)/Af;//Bandwidth with feedback\n",
+"disp(Bwf,' new band-width is ,(kHz)=')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.1: voltage.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.1: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"Rc=4.7;// in ohm\n",
+"Vcc=24;// in V\n",
+"Ic=1.5;//in mA\n",
+"//this is given as 15 mA in textbook which is wrong\n",
+"Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc*10^-3*10^3);//in V\n",
+"disp(Vce,'(i) Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = ')\n",
+"Ic1=0;//in A\n",
+"Vce1=Vcc-Ic1*Rc;//in V\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(Vce1,'(ii) Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.20: percentage_reduction.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.20: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"A=50;//gain without feedback\n",
+"Af=25;//gain with feedback\n",
+"Beta=(((A/Af)-1)/A);//feed back ratio\n",
+"Ad=40;//new gain after ageing\n",
+"Af1=(Ad/(1+(Beta*Ad)));//new gain with feedback\n",
+"df=Af-Af1;// reduction in gain\n",
+"pdf= (df/Af)*100;//percentage reduction in gain\n",
+"disp(pdf,' percentage reduction in gain is ,(%)=')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.21: Av_and_beta.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.21: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"Af=100;//gain with feeback\n",
+"vi=50;//in mV\n",
+"vi1=60;//in mV\n",
+"AAf=vi1/vi;//\n",
+"A=AAf*Af;//\n",
+"Beta=(((A/Af)-1)/A);//feed back ratio\n",
+"disp(A,'Av is ,=')\n",
+"format('v',8)\n",
+"disp(Beta,' feedback factor is,=')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.2: vce.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.2: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Beta=100;\n",
+"Rb=200*10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"Rc=1*10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"Vcc=10;// in V\n",
+"Ib=Vcc/Rb;// in A\n",
+"Ic=Beta*Ib;//in A\n",
+"Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(Vce,'Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.3: base_resistance.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.3: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"Vcc=20;// in V\n",
+"Vbe=0.7;// in V\n",
+"Rc=2;//in kilo-ohm\n",
+"Icsat= Vcc/Rc;//in mA\n",
+"Beta=200;//\n",
+"Ib=(Icsat/Beta)*10^3;//in micro-A\n",
+"Rb=((Vcc-Vbe)/(Ib))*10^3;//in kilo-ohm\n",
+"disp('Rb < '+string(Rb)+' kilo-ohm')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.4: operating_point.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.4: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Vcc=15;// in V\n",
+"Rb=200;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Rc=2;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Beta=50;\n",
+"Ib=(Vcc/(Rb*10^3+(Beta*Rc*10^3)))*10^6;//in micro-A\n",
+"Ic=Beta*Ib*10^-3;//in mA\n",
+"Vce=Vcc-(Ic*10^-3*(Rc*10^3));\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(Ic,'collector current,Ic(mA) = ')\n",
+"disp(Vce,'Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.5: resistor.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.5: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Vcc=15;// in V\n",
+"Vce=6;// in V\n",
+"Rc=3*10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"Beta=50;\n",
+"Ic=(Vcc-Vce)/Rc;\n",
+"Ib=Ic/Beta;\n",
+"Rb=((Vcc/Ib)-(Beta*Rc))*10^-3;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp(Rb,'The value of resistoe,Rb(k-ohm) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.6: operating_point.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.6: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Vcc=12;// in V\n",
+"Rb1=70;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Rb2=70;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Beta=50;\n",
+"Rc=2;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Ib=Vcc/((Rb1+Rb2+(Beta*Rc))*10^3);\n",
+"Ic=Beta*Ib*10^3;\n",
+"Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc);\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(Ic,'collector current,Ic(mA) = ')\n",
+"disp(Vce,'Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.7: operating_point.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.7: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Vcc=9;// in V\n",
+"Rb=50;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Rc=250;// in ohm\n",
+"Re=500;// in ohm\n",
+"Beta=80;\n",
+"Ib=Vcc/(Rb*10^3+(Beta*Re));\n",
+"Ic=Beta*Ib*10^3;\n",
+"Vce=Vcc-(Ic*10^-3*(Rc+Re));\n",
+"format('v',3)\n",
+"disp(Ic,'collector current,Ic(mA) = ')\n",
+"disp(Vce,'Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.8: operating_point.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.8: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"R2=4;// in k-ohm\n",
+"R1=40;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Vcc=22;// in V\n",
+"Rc=10;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Re=1.5;// in k-ohm\n",
+"Vbe=0.5;// in V\n",
+"Voc=R2*10^3*Vcc/((R1+R2)*10^3);\n",
+"Ic=(Voc-Vbe)/(Re*10^3);\n",
+"Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ic*10^3;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp(Vce,'Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.9: maximum_collector_current.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.9: \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Bv=12;//battery voltage in V\n",
+"Cl=6;//collector load in k-ohm\n",
+"CC=Bv/Cl;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(CC,'Collector current,(mA) = ')"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-22 20:47:10 +0000