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diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_B_L_Theraja/8-X_RAYS.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_B_L_Theraja/8-X_RAYS.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d8d760 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_Physics_by_B_L_Theraja/8-X_RAYS.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,532 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 8: X RAYS" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.10: CALCULATE_ANGLE_OF_THIRD_ORDER_REFLECTION_NOTE_CALCUALTION_MISTAKE_IN_BOOK.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +" clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.10\n", +"\n", +"//given values\n", +"D=12;//glancing angle in Degree\n", +"n=1;\n", +"d=3.04*10^-10;//grating space in m\n", +"\n", +"//calculation \n", +"W=(2*d*sind(D));\n", +"disp((W/(10^-10)),'the wavelength in Angstrom');\n", +"D3=asind((3*W)/(2*d));\n", +"disp(D3,'the angle for third order reflection in degrees')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.11: HOW_MANY_ORDERS_OF_BRAGG_RELFLECTION.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.11\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"d=1.181;//distance of seperation in Angstrom\n", +"W=1.540;//wavelength in Angstrom\n", +"\n", +"//calculations\n", +"n=2*d/W;//sin(D) = 1 for max value\n", +"disp(n,'the orders of bragg reflection')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.12: CALCULATE_INTERPLANAR_SPACING.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.12\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"W=0.6;//wavelength in angstrom\n", +"D1=6.45;\n", +"D2=9.15;\n", +"D3=13;//angles in degree\n", +"\n", +"//calculation\n", +"d=W/(2*sind(D1));\n", +"disp(d,'interplanar spacing for (a) in angstrom');\n", +"d=W/(2*sind(D2));\n", +"disp(d,'interplanar spacing for (b) in angstrom');\n", +"d=W/(2*sind(D3))*2;//n=2 for (c)\n", +"disp(d,'interplanar spacing for (c) in angstrom')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.13: DETERMINE_THE_SPACING.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.13\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"W=3*10^-10;//wavelength in m\n", +"D=40;//angle in degree\n", +"n=1;\n", +"\n", +"//calculation\n", +"d=n*W/(2*sind(D));\n", +"disp((d/10^-10),'spacing in AU')\n", +"a=2*d;\n", +"v=a^3;\n", +"disp(v,'the volumne in m^3 is')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.14: DETERMINE_THE_TYPE_OF_CRYSTAL_POSSESED.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.14\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"D1=5.4;\n", +"D2=7.6;\n", +"D3=9.4;//angles in degree\n", +"\n", +"//calcualtion\n", +"d1=1/(2*sind(D1));\n", +"d2=1/(2*sind(D2));\n", +"d3=1/(2*sind(D3));\n", +"m=min(d1,d2,d3);\n", +"d1=d1/m;\n", +"d2=d2/m;\n", +"d3=d3/m;\n", +"disp(d1,d2,d3,'d1:d2:d3 =')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.15: CALCULATE_SHORT_WAVELENGTH_AND_GALNCING_ANGLE.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.15\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"V=50000;//applied voltage in V\n", +"p=1.99*10^3;//density in kg/m^3\n", +"n=4;\n", +"Na=6.02*10^26;//Avgraodo no. in 1/kg mole\n", +"M=74.6;//molecular mass\n", +"W=0.248*10^-10;//wavelength in m\n", +"\n", +"//calculation\n", +"Wmin=12400/V;\n", +"disp(Wmin,'short wavelength limit');\n", +"a=(n*M/(Na*p))^(1/3);\n", +"d=a/2;\n", +"D=asind(W/(2*d));\n", +"disp(D,'glancing angle in degree')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.16: CALCULATE_LATTICE_SPACING_OF_NaCl.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.16\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"W=1.54;//wavelength in angstrom\n", +"D=15.9;//angle in degree\n", +"M=58.45//molecular weight\n", +"p=2164*10^3;//density in kg/m^3\n", +"n=2;//for NaCl molecule\n", +"\n", +"//calculation\n", +"d=W/(2*sind(D));\n", +"disp(d,'lattice spacing in angstrom');\n", +"d=d*10^-10;\n", +"Na=M/(2*d^3*p);\n", +"disp(Na,'Avogrado number in 1/gm mole')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.17: WHAT_IS_PRIMARY_WAVELENGTH.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.17\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"D=60;//angle in degree\n", +"W=0.254;//wavelength in angstrom\n", +"\n", +"//calcualtion\n", +"dW=0.024*(1-cosd(D));\n", +"W1=W-dW;\n", +"disp(W1,'primary X-ray wavelength in angstrom')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.18: WHAT_IS_LATTICE_PARAMETER.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.18\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"D=32;//angle in degree\n", +"W=1.54*10^-10;//wavelength in angstrom\n", +"h=2;k=2;l=0;//lattice consts\n", +"\n", +"//calcualtions\n", +"d=W/(2*sind(D));\n", +"a=d*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2);\n", +"disp(a,'lattice parameter in m');\n", +"r=sqrt(2)*a/4;\n", +"disp(r,'radius of atom in m')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.1: CALCULATE_WAVELENGTH.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.1\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"V=60000;//working voltage in V\n", +"\n", +"//calculation\n", +"Wmin=12400/V;\n", +"disp(Wmin,'Wavelength emitted in Angstrom')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.2: CALCULATE_NUMBER_OF_ELECTRONS_STRIKING_PER_SECOND.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.2\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"V=12400;//Volatage applied in V\n", +"I=0.002;//current drop in A\n", +"e=1.6*10^-19;//the charge on electron in C\n", +"\n", +"//calculations\n", +"n=I/e;\n", +"disp(n,'No. of electrons');\n", +"v=(5.93*10^5)*(sqrt(V));\n", +"disp(v,'the speed with which they strike in m/s');\n", +"Wmin=12400/V;\n", +"disp(Wmin,'shortest wavelength in Angstrom')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.3: CALCULATE_MIN_APPLIED_POTENTIAL.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.3\n", +"\n", +"//given values\n", +"Wmin=1;//shortest wavelength in Angstrom\n", +"\n", +"//calculations\n", +"V=(12400/Wmin)/1000;\n", +"disp(V,'The minimum applied voltage in kV')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.4: CALCULATE_MAX_SPEED.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Exmaple 8.4\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"I=0.005;//current in A\n", +"V=100000;//potential difference in V\n", +"\n", +"//calcualtions\n", +"v=(5.98*10^5)*(sqrt(V));\n", +"disp(v,'Maximum speed in m/s');\n", +"IP=V*I;//incident power in W\n", +"P=.999*IP;//power converted into heat in W\n", +"H=P/4.18;\n", +"disp(H,'The heat produced/second in cal/s');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.5: CALCULATE_PLANKS_CONSTANT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.5\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"V=30000;//potential difference in V\n", +"Wmin=0.414*10^-10;//short wavelength limit in m\n", +"e=1.602*10^-19;//the charge on electron in C\n", +"c=3*10^8;//speed of light in m/s\n", +"\n", +"//calcualtions\n", +"h=(e*V*Wmin)/c;\n", +"disp(h,'The Plancks const in Js')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.6: CALCULATE_SCREENING_CONST.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.6\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"W=1.43*10^-10;//wavelength in m\n", +"Z=74;//atomic no\n", +"R=10.97*10^6;//Rydberg constant in 1/m\n", +"\n", +"//calcualation\n", +"b=74-sqrt(36/(5*R*W));//Transition from to M to L\n", +"disp(b,'the screening const.')" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.9: CALCULATE_LINEAR_ADSORPTION_COEFF.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;clear;\n", +"//Example 8.9\n", +"\n", +"//given data\n", +"um=0.6;//mass adsoption coeffcient in cm^2/g\n", +"p=2.7;//density of aluminium in g/cm^3\n", +"\n", +"//calculations\n", +"u=p*um;\n", +"disp(u,'linear adsorption coefficent of aluminium in 1/cm');\n", +"T=0.693/u\n", +"disp(T,'the hvl in cm');\n", +"x=(log(20))*(1/u);\n", +"disp(x,'the thickness in cm')" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |