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diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/1-Microwaves.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/1-Microwaves.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b68043 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/1-Microwaves.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,690 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 1: Microwaves" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.10: Transmission_Line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 23\n", +"//Example 1.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"ZL=15+(%i*20); //ohms\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//Normalized load impedance\n", +"z=ZL/Z0;\n", +"disp(z,'Normalized load impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//From chart\n", +"T=0.6;\n", +"disp(T,'Reflection coefficient:');\n", +"\n", +"//VSWR\n", +"p=4;\n", +"disp(p,'VSWR:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.11: Microwave_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 25\n", +"//Example 1.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"p=2.4;\n", +"\n", +"//From chart\n", +"zl=1.4+%i;\n", +"L=Z0*zl;\n", +"disp('ohm',L,'Load:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.12: Active_Device.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 26\n", +"//Example 1.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"T=2.23;\n", +"\n", +"//From chart\n", +"zl=2+%i;\n", +"ZLd=Z0*zl;\n", +"disp('ohm',ZLd,'Normalized impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Impedance of device is by negating the real part\n", +"imp=-real(ZLd)+(imag(ZLd)*%i);\n", +"disp('ohm',imp,'Impedance of device:');\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.13: Transmission_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 27\n", +"//Example 1.13\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"p=3;\n", +"m1=54; //cm\n", +"m2=204; //cm\n", +"\n", +"//Point A\n", +"disp('Point A');\n", +"lam=4*(m2-m1);\n", +"dA=0.083*lam;\n", +"L=m1-dA;\n", +"disp('cm',L,'Location of stub:');\n", +"IA=0.114*lam;\n", +"disp('cm',IA,'Length:');\n", +"\n", +"//Point B\n", +"disp('Point B');\n", +"dB=0.083*lam;\n", +"IB=0.386*lam;\n", +"Lb=dB+m1;\n", +"disp('cm',Lb,'Location of stub:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.15: Microwave_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 30\n", +"//Example 1.15\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"ZL=100; //ohms\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"c=0.159D-12; //F\n", +"\n", +"//Normalized load impedance\n", +"z=ZL/Z0;\n", +"disp(z,'Normalized load impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//From chart\n", +"zin=0.4+(%i*0.55);\n", +"ZINN=Z0*zin;\n", +"disp('ohm',ZINN,'Normalized impedance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.16: EM_Plane.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 42\n", +"//Example 1.16\n", +"clc;\n", +"//From given wave equation we can see\n", +"w=1D+9;//rad/sec\n", +"bet=30;//rad/m\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"u0=1; //let\n", +"e0=1/(9D+16);\n", +"\n", +"vp=w/bet;//m/sec\n", +"disp('m/s',vp,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"e=1/(vp^2*u0);\n", +"er=e/(e0*u0);\n", +"disp(er,'Dielectric constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.17: Polyethylene.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 42\n", +"//Example 1.17\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f=10D+9;//hz\n", +"er=6;\n", +"tandel=2D-4;\n", +"\n", +"vp=c/er;//m/sec\n", +"disp('m/sec',vp,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"al=(%pi*f*tandel)/vp;//Np/m\n", +"disp('Np/m',al,'Attenuation constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for velocity is calculated wrong in book, hence answers dont match for both" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.18: Electromagnetic_wave.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 43\n", +"//Example 1.18\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"er=2.2;\n", +"n0=377;//ohm\n", +"n2=n0/sqrt(er);//ohm\n", +"n1=377;//ohm\n", +"\n", +"//Reflection coefficient\n", +"t=(n2-n1)/(n2+n1);\n", +"disp(t,'Reflection coefficient:');\n", +"\n", +"//Vswr\n", +"//Taking mod of reflection coefficient\n", +"t1=-t;\n", +"p=(1+t1)/(1-t1);\n", +"disp(p,'VSWR:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.19: Range_in_sea_water.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 43\n", +"//Example 1.19\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"sig=5;//mohm/m\n", +"er=80*8.85D-12;\n", +"eaz=0.1;\n", +"u=1.26D-6;\n", +"\n", +"az=-log(0.1);\n", +"//(i) Range at 25Khz\n", +"f=25D+3;//Khz\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;//rad/sec\n", +"a=w*(sqrt((u*er/2)*(sqrt(sig^2/(w^2*er^2)+1)-1)));\n", +"z=az/a;//m\n", +"disp('m',z,'Range at 25khz:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Range at 25Mhz\n", +"f1=25D+6;//Mhz\n", +"w1=2*%pi*f1;//rad/sec\n", +"a1=w1*(sqrt((u*er/2)*(sqrt(sig^2/(w1^2*er^2)+1)-1)));\n", +"z1=az/a1;//m\n", +"disp('m',z1,'Range at 25Mhz:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.2: Lossless_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 12\n", +"//Example 1.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"z0=50;//ohm\n", +"zg=50;//ohm\n", +"l=0.25;//m\n", +"f=4D+9;//hz\n", +"zl=100;//ohm\n", +"vg=10;//V\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;//rad/sec\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Voltage and current at any point\n", +"tg=(zg-z0)/(zg+z0);\n", +"tl=(zl-z0)/(zl+z0);\n", +"vi=z0*vg/(z0+zg);//V\n", +"disp('V',vi,'Voltage at any point:');\n", +"ii=vg/(2*z0);//A\n", +"disp('A',ii,'Current at any point:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Voltage at generator end\n", +"//Taking z=1\n", +"z=1;\n", +"bet=w/c;\n", +"vz=(vg/2)*exp(-%i*bet*(z+l))*(1+(tl*exp(2*%i*bet*z)));//V\n", +"disp('V',vz,'Voltage at generator end:');\n", +"iz=ii*exp(-%i*bet*(z+l))*(1-(tl*exp(2*%i*bet*z)));//A\n", +"vz1=(vg/2)*exp(-%i*bet*(z+l))*(1+(tl*exp(2*%i*bet*z)));//V\n", +"\n", +"//Voltage at load end, z=0\n", +"z11=0;\n", +"vl=(vg/2)*exp(-%i*bet*l)*(1+(tl*exp(2*%i*bet*z11)));//V\n", +"disp('V',vl,'Voltage at load end:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Reflection coefficient\n", +"zx=0.25;\n", +"tz=tl*exp(%i*2*bet*zx);\n", +"disp(tz,'Reflection coefficient:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) VSWR\n", +"p=(1+tl)/(1-tl);\n", +"disp(p,'VSWR:');\n", +"\n", +"//(v) Average power delivered to the load\n", +"vl=20/3;\n", +"pl0=vl^2/(2*zl);//W\n", +"disp('W',pl0,'Average power delivered to the load:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.3: Microwave_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 14\n", +"//Example 1.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"pm=3;\n", +"pl=4;\n", +"l=24;//cm\n", +"l1=l/100;//m\n", +"\n", +"//Attenuation\n", +"tin=(pm-1)/(pm+1);\n", +"tl=(pl-1)/(pl+1);\n", +"alp=(1/(2*l1))*log(tl/tin);//Np/m\n", +"disp('Np/m',alp,'Attenuation in the line');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.4: Quater_wave_transformer.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 14\n", +"//Example 1.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"z0=200;//ohm\n", +"zl=800;//ohm\n", +"f=30D+6;//hz\n", +"\n", +"//Characterstic impedance\n", +"z00=sqrt(z0*zl);//ohm\n", +"disp('ohm',z00,'Characterstic impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Length of line\n", +"lam=c/f;//m\n", +"l=lam/4;//m\n", +"disp('m',l,'Length of line:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.5: Parallel_resonant_circuit.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 15\n", +"//Example 1.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"l=1.2;//mH\n", +"r=8;//ohm\n", +"c=200D-12;//F\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Resonant frequency\n", +"f0=(1/(2*%pi))*sqrt(1/(l*c));//hz\n", +"disp('hz',f0,'Resonant frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Impedance of circuit\n", +"disp('ohm',r,'Impedance of circuit:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii)Q factor of the circuit\n", +"q=1/(2*%pi*f0*c*r);\n", +"disp(q,'Q factor of the circuit:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Bandwidth\n", +"df=f0/q;//hz\n", +"disp('hz',df,'Bandwidth:');\n", +"\n", +"//The value of resonant frequency is calculated wrong in book\n", +"//Hence Q factor and bandwidth, all these answers dont match" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.6: Lossless_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number:\n", +"//Example 1.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"le=25;//m\n", +"zl=40+(%i*30);//ohm\n", +"f=10D+6;//hz\n", +"cap=40D-12;//F\n", +"l=300D-9;//H/m\n", +"\n", +"//Input impedance\n", +"z0=sqrt(l/cap);//ohm\n", +"zl1=zl/z0;\n", +"lam=c/f;//m\n", +"bet=(2*%pi*le)/lam;//rad\n", +"zin=((zl1*cos(bet))+(%i*sin(bet)))/(cos(bet)+(%i*zl1*sin(bet)));//ohm\n", +"disp('ohm',zin,'Input impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Reflection coefficient\n", +"t=(zl1-1)/(zl1+1);\n", +"disp(t,'Reflection coefficient:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.7: Lossy_cable.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 16\n", +"//Example 1.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"R=2.25;//ohm\n", +"L=1D-9;//H/m\n", +"C=1D-12;//F/m\n", +"f=0.5D+9;//hz\n", +"G=0;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;//rad/sec\n", +"\n", +"//Characterstic impedance\n", +"z0=sqrt((R+(%i*w*L))/(G+(%i*w*C))); //ohm\n", +"disp('ohm',z0,'Characterstic impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Propagation constant\n", +"gam=sqrt((R+(%i*w*L))*(G+(%i*w*C)));\n", +"disp(gam,'Propagation constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.8: Transmission_Line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 20\n", +"//Example 1.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f=3D+9; //Hz\n", +"ZL=50-(%i*100); //ohms\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"//Wavelength\n", +"lam=c/f;\n", +"disp('cm',lam*100,'Wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"//Normalized load impedance\n", +"z=ZL/Z0;\n", +"disp(z,'Normalized load impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//From chart\n", +"zin=0.45+(%i*1.2);\n", +"yin=0.27-(%i*0.73);\n", +"ZINN=Z0*zin;\n", +"disp('ohm',ZINN,'Line impedance:');\n", +"YINN=yin/Z0;\n", +"disp('mho',YINN,'Line admittance:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.9: Transmission_Line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 22\n", +"//Example 1.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"ZL=75+(%i*100); //ohms\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//Normalized load impedance\n", +"z=ZL/Z0;\n", +"disp(z,'Normalized load impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//(i) 0.051*lam\n", +"//From chart\n", +"r=4.6;\n", +"Zi1=r*Z0;\n", +"disp('ohm',Zi1,'Input impedance at 0.051 lam:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) 0.102*lam\n", +"r1=1.5-(%i*2);\n", +"Zi2=r1*Z0;\n", +"disp('ohm',Zi2,'Input impedance at 0.102 lam:');\n", +" \n", +"//(iii) 0.301*lam\n", +"r2=0.22;\n", +"Zi3=r2*Z0;\n", +"disp('ohm',Zi3,'Input impedance at 0.301 lam:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/10-Striplines_and_Microstrip_Lines.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/10-Striplines_and_Microstrip_Lines.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f70e588 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/10-Striplines_and_Microstrip_Lines.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,603 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 10: Striplines and Microstrip Lines" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.10: Broadside_stripline.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 560\n", +"//Example 10.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"W=6; //m\n", +"s=2.2; //m\n", +"b=4.8; //m\n", +"Er=2.2;\n", +"\n", +"//Even and odd mode impedance\n", +"Z0e=((120*%pi)*(b-s))/(2*sqrt(Er)*W);\n", +"disp('ohm',Z0e,'Even mode impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"Z0o=(Z0e*s)/b;\n", +"disp('ohm',Z0o,'Odd mode impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Mid band coupling\n", +"x=(Z0e-Z0o)/(Z0e+Z0o);\n", +"C=-20*log10(x);\n", +"disp('db',C,'Mid band coupling:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer in book for C is given as 54.2 but it should be 8.60" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.11: Paralle_stripline.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 562\n", +"//Example 10.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Er=6;\n", +"d=3D-3; //m\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"E0=8.854D-12; //F/m\n", +"Mu0=4*%pi*10D-7; //H/m\n", +"\n", +"//(i) W \n", +"W=(377*d)/(sqrt(Er)*Z0);\n", +"disp('mm',W*1000,'Required Width:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii)Stripline capacitance\n", +"C=(E0*Er*W)/d;\n", +"disp('pF/m',C*10^12,'Stripline capacitance:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii)Stripline inductance\n", +"L=(Mu0*d)/W;\n", +"disp('muH/m',L*10^6,'Stripline inductance:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv)Phase velocity\n", +"c=3D+8;\n", +"vp=c/sqrt(Er);\n", +"disp('m/s',vp,'Phase velocity');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.12: Shielded_stripline.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 562\n", +"//Example 10.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Er=2.56;\n", +"w=25; //mils\n", +"t=14; //mils\n", +"d=70; //mils\n", +"E0=8.854D-12; //F/m\n", +"\n", +"//(i) K factor\n", +"K=1/(1-(t/d));\n", +"disp(K,'K factor:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Fringe capacitance\n", +"C=[(E0*Er)*[2*K*log(K+1)-(K-1)*log(K^2-1)]]/%pi;\n", +"disp('pF/m',C*10^12,'Fringe capacitance:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Charecteristic Impedance\n", +"X=1/[((w*K)/d)+(C/(E0*Er))];\n", +"Z0=(94.15*X)/sqrt(Er);\n", +"disp('ohm',Z0,'Charecteristic Impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//Answer in book for Z0 is given as 50.29 but it should be 51.7\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.13: Lossless_stripline.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 563\n", +"//Example 10.13\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"//Sincr ratio of power is 2:3\n", +"x1=5/2;\n", +"y1=5/3;\n", +"//Output Impedance\n", +"Z1=x1*Z0;\n", +"Z2=y1*Z0;\n", +"disp('ohm',Z1,'Output Impedance 1:')\n", +"disp('ohm',Z2,'Output Impedance 2:')\n", +"\n", +"//Input Impedance\n", +"Zin=[((Z2*2*Z2)/3)/((Z2+(2*Z2)/3))];\n", +"\n", +"//Looking into Z1, Z2 is || to Z0\n", +"A1=(Z2*Z0)/(Z2+Z0);\n", +"\n", +"//Looking into Z, Z2 is || to Z0\n", +"A2=(Z1*Z0)/(Z1+Z0);\n", +"\n", +"//Reflection Coeffcients\n", +"R1=(A1-Z1)/(A1+Z1);\n", +"R2=(A2-Z2)/(A2+Z2);\n", +"\n", +"disp(R2,R1,'Reflection Coeffcients:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.1: Copper_stripline.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 554\n", +"//Example 10.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"\n", +"z0=50; //ohm\n", +"t=0.001; //mm\n", +"b=0.32; //cm\n", +"er=2.20; \n", +"tandel= 0.0005;\n", +"rs=0.026; //ohm\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"c=3D+8;//m/sec\n", +"\n", +"p=sqrt(er)*z0;\n", +"//As p<120\n", +"w=b*[((30*%pi)/p)-0.441];\n", +"disp('cm',w,'Width');\n", +"\n", +"//Attenuation\n", +"k={(2*%pi*f*sqrt(er))/c};\n", +"ad=(k*tandel)/2;\n", +"\n", +"//and\n", +"A=1+{(2*w)/(b-t)}+[{(b+t)/((b-t)*%pi)}*log(((2*b)-t)/t)];\n", +"//Hence \n", +"ac=(2.7D-3*rs*er*z0*A)/{30*%pi*(b-t)*1D-2};\n", +"//Total attenution\n", +"a=ad+ac;\n", +"\n", +"//Total attenution in db\n", +"x=exp(a);\n", +"alp=20*log10(x); //db/m\n", +"\n", +"//Total attenution in db/lambda:\n", +"lam=c/(sqrt(er)*f);\n", +"lamm=lam*1D+2;\n", +"alph=alp/lamm;\n", +"disp('db/lambda',alph,'Total attenution in db/lambda:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//Answer in book for alph is given as 0.856 but it should be 0.0856 as value of f is taken as 10D+10 but it should be 10D+9\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.2: Microstrip_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 555\n", +"//Example 10.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"er=9.7;\n", +"h=0.25; //mm\n", +"w=0.25; //mm\n", +"f=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Dielectric constant\n", +"dc=((er+1)/2)+(((er-1)/2)*(1/sqrt(1+12*h/w)));\n", +"disp(dc,'Dielectric constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Phase constant\n", +"lam0=c/f;\n", +"pc=sqrt(dc)*(2*%pi/lam0);\n", +"disp('rad/m',pc/100,'Phase constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Microstrip wavelength\n", +"lams=lam0/sqrt(dc);\n", +"disp('cm',lams*100,'Microstrip wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Capacitance per unit length\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"cap=(2*%pi*e0)/log((8*h/w)-(w/(4*h)));\n", +"disp('F/cm',cap,'Capacitance per unit length:');\n", +"\n", +"//(v) Characterstic Impedance\n", +"ci=(60/sqrt(dc))*log((8*h/w)+(w/(4*h)));\n", +"disp('ohm',ci,'Characterstic impedance:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.3: Microstrip.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 556\n", +"//Example 10.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"er=5.23;\n", +"w=10; //mils\n", +"t=2.8; //mils\n", +"h=7; //mils\n", +"\n", +"dc=((er+1)/2)+(((er-1)/2)*(1/sqrt(1+12*h/w)));\n", +"disp(dc,'Dielectric constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//As w/h>1\n", +"ci=(120*%pi)/(sqrt(dc)*((w/h)+1.393+0.667*log((w/h)+1.444)));\n", +"disp('ohm',ci,'Characterstic impedance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.4: Stripline.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 556\n", +"//Example 10.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"\n", +"q=2.5;\n", +"dh=1.58;\n", +"er=9;\n", +"f=10;\n", +"c=3D+8;\n", +"\n", +"erff=((er+1)/2)+(((er-1)/2)*((1+(12/q))^(-1/2)));\n", +"vp=(c/sqrt(erff))*erff;\n", +"fe1=c/(sqrt(vp)*2*dh*q);\n", +"if f<fe1 then\n", +" disp('Strip supports TEM mode only');\n", +"else\n", +" disp('Strip does not support TEM mode only');\n", +"end\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.5: Microstrip_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 557\n", +"//Example 10.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"\n", +"er=9.7;\n", +"h=0.5; //mm\n", +"w=0.5; //mm\n", +"lt=2D-4; \n", +"t=0.02; //mm\n", +"f=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"fg=5; //HZ\n", +"c=3D+8;\n", +"rs=8.22D-3*sqrt(fg);\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Dielectric constant\n", +"dc=((er+1)/2)+(((er-1)/2)*(1/sqrt(1+12*h/w)));\n", +"disp(dc,'Dielectric constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Characterstic Impedance\n", +"ci=(60/sqrt(dc))*log((8*h/w)+(w/(4*h)));\n", +"disp('ohm',ci,'Characterstic impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Dielectric attenuation\n", +"lam0=c/f;\n", +"alphd=(%pi/lam0)*(er/sqrt(dc))*((dc-1)/(er-1))*lt;\n", +"disp('Np/m',alphd,'Dielectric attenuation:');\n", +"\n", +"//Conductor attenuation\n", +"r1=[0.94+(0.132*(w/h))-(0.0062*((w/h)^2))]*[(1/%pi)+(1/(%pi^2))*log((4*%pi*w)/t)]*(rs/(w*1D-3));\n", +"r1m=r1*1D-2;\n", +"r2=(w/h)/[((w/h)+5.8+(0.03*(h/w)))]*(rs/(w*1D-3));\n", +"r2m=r2*1D-2;\n", +"alphc=(r1+r2)/(2*ci);\n", +"disp('Np/m',alphc,'Conductor attenuation:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Total attenuation\n", +"A=alphc+alphd;\n", +"Adb=A*8.686*1D-2;\n", +"disp('db/cm',Adb,'Total attenuation:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.6: Microstrip_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 558\n", +"//Example 10.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"\n", +"sig=5.8D+7;\n", +"f=10; //GHz\n", +"h=0.12D-2; //m\n", +"\n", +"q=62.8*h*sqrt(f*sig);\n", +"disp(round(q),'conductor Q of the stripline:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.7: Parallel_stripline.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 558\n", +"//Example 10.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Er=6;\n", +"h=4D-3; //m\n", +"\n", +"//(i) W for Z0=50W\n", +"Z0=50; //W\n", +"W=(120*%pi*h)/(sqrt(Er)*Z0);\n", +"disp('mm',W*1000,'Required Width:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii)Stripline capacitance\n", +"E0=8.854D-12;\n", +"C=(E0*Er*W)/h;\n", +"disp('pF/m',C*10^12,'Stripline capacitance:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii)Stripline inductance\n", +"Mu0=4*%pi*10D-7;\n", +"L=(Mu0*h)/W;\n", +"disp('muH/m',L*10^5,'Stripline inductance:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv)Phase velocity\n", +"c=3D+8;\n", +"vp=c/sqrt(Er);\n", +"disp('m/s',vp,'Phase velocity');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.8: Stripline_coupler.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 559\n", +"//Example 10.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"cl=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"Er=9;\n", +"C=-10; //db\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"//Length\n", +"L=(cl/f)/(4*sqrt(Er));\n", +"disp('cm',L*100,'Length:');\n", +"\n", +"//Coupling coefficient\n", +"C0=10^(C/20);\n", +"disp(C0,'Coupling coefficient:');\n", +"\n", +"//Even and odd mode impedance\n", +"Z0e=(Z0*sqrt(1+C0))/sqrt(1-C0);\n", +"disp('ohm',Z0e,'Even mode impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"Z0o=(Z0*sqrt(1-C0))/sqrt(1+C0);\n", +"disp('ohm',Z0o,'Odd mode impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 10.9: Branch_coupler.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 560\n", +"//Example 10.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"C=3; //db\n", +"\n", +"//Line impedance\n", +"Z01sqr=(1-(10^(C/-10)));\n", +"Z01=sqrt(Z0*Z0*Z01sqr);\n", +"disp('ohm',Z01,'Z01:');\n", +"\n", +"Z02=Z01/(sqrt(1-(1/sqrt(2))^2));\n", +"disp('ohm',round(Z02),'Z02:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/11-Microwave_Integrated_Circuits.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/11-Microwave_Integrated_Circuits.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5e301e --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/11-Microwave_Integrated_Circuits.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 11: Microwave Integrated Circuits" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 11.1: Costs.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 595\n", +"//Example 11.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"fabc=10000; //Rs/waffer\n", +"c=100;\n", +"y=40/100; \n", +"coc=fabc/(y*c);\n", +"//Cost of one chip\n", +"disp('Rs',coc,'Cost of one chip:');\n", +"\n", +"//Market Cost\n", +"mc=2*coc;\n", +"disp('Rs',mc,'Market costof one chip:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 11.2: Yield.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 595\n", +"//Example 11.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=5000; //Rs\n", +"S=0.6; //cm\n", +"//Sides\n", +"x=3; //cm\n", +"y=2.54; //cm \n", +"//break even cost\n", +"bec=250;\n", +"//hence, chips/waffers needed\n", +"cpw=c/bec;\n", +"D=x*y;\n", +"//For given Area, atleast 40 chips are required\n", +"n=2*cpw;\n", +"\n", +"//Diameter\n", +"N=D/(sqrt(2)*S);\n", +"//Lower round off\n", +"NN=floor(N);\n", +"//Chips possible\n", +"cp=NN^2;\n", +"\n", +"//Yield\n", +"Y=(n/cp)*100; //Percent\n", +"disp('%',Y,'Yield:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/12-Microwave_Measurements.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/12-Microwave_Measurements.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a88588e --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/12-Microwave_Measurements.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,421 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 12: Microwave Measurements" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.10: Air_filled_cavity.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 654\n", +"//Example 12.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"R1=10.6; //GHz\n", +"R2=8.30; //GHz\n", +"Q0=8200;\n", +"Q0d=890;\n", +"\n", +"Er=(R1/R2)^2;\n", +"disp(Er,'Dielectric constant');\n", +"\n", +"Qd=(Q0-Q0d)/(Q0*Q0d);\n", +"disp(Qd,'Loss tangent of dielectric');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.11: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 654\n", +"//Example 12.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"l0=0.15; //cm\n", +"lmbg=2*2.24; //cm\n", +"le=1.14; //cm\n", +"a=2.286; //cm\n", +"d=2;\n", +"\n", +"B0=(2*%pi)/lmbg;\n", +"x=tan(B0*l0)/(B0*l0);\n", +"//Also\n", +"x1=(l0*x)/le;\n", +"//Correct value seems to be\n", +"Bele=2.786;\n", +"e1=((((a/%pi)^2)*(Bele/le)^2)+1);\n", +"e2=(((2*a)/lmbg)^2)+1;\n", +"Er=e1/e2;\n", +"disp(Er,'Er:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//Answer in book for Er is given as 2.062 but it should be 2.038" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.1: Microwave_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 649\n", +"//Example 12.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Is=0.1*(10^-6); //A\n", +"Pi=0; //dBm\n", +"Cs=0.1*(10^-12); //F\n", +"Ls=2*(10^-9);\n", +"Cj=0.15*(10^-12); //F\n", +"Rs=10; //ohm\n", +"T=293; //K\n", +"nktbye=25*(10^-3); //V\n", +"\n", +"//Rj\n", +"Rj=(nktbye/Is);\n", +"disp('Kohm',Rj/1000,'Rj:');\n", +"\n", +"//Bi\n", +"Bi=nktbye/2;\n", +"Bii=Bi*1000;\n", +"disp('A/W',Bii,'Bi:');\n", +"\n", +"//Bv\n", +"Bv=Rj*Bii;\n", +"disp('V/W',Bv,'Bv:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.2: Detector_mismatch.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 650\n", +"//Example 12.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"vswr=4;\n", +"\n", +"modT=(vswr-1)/(vswr+1);\n", +"Lm=-10*log10(1-(modT*modT)); //dB\n", +"disp('dB',Lm,'Mismatch Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Sensitivity reduces by a factor\n", +"Bvd=(1-(modT*modT));\n", +"Bvdp=Bvd*100;\n", +"disp('%',Bvdp,'Voltge sensitivity reduces by:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.3: Transmission_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 650\n", +"//Example 12.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"c=3D+10; //cm/s\n", +"a=4; //cm\n", +"s=0.1; //cm\n", +"lmb=c/f; //cm\n", +"lmbg=lmb/(sqrt(1-((lmb/(2*a))^2)));\n", +"vswr=lmbg/(%pi*s);\n", +"disp(vswr,'VSWR:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer in book for lmbg is given as 3.49 but it should be 3.23 and hence the answer will be 10.3" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.4: VSWR_of_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 651\n", +"//Example 12.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"delx=3.5; //cm\n", +"s=0.25; //cm\n", +"\n", +"lmbg=2*delx;\n", +"vswr=lmbg/(%pi*s);\n", +"disp(vswr,'VSWR:');\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.5: Directional_couplers.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 651\n", +"//Example 12.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"vswr=2;\n", +"Pin=4.5D-3; //W\n", +"\n", +"modT=(vswr-1)/(vswr+1);\n", +"//Power reflected,\n", +"Pr=(modT^2)*Pin;\n", +"//As coupler samples only 1/1000th power\n", +"Prr=Pr*1000;\n", +"disp('W',Prr,'Reflected Power:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.6: Microwave_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 652\n", +"//Example 12.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"p=2.4;\n", +"L=0.313;\n", +"x=2*%pi*L;\n", +"y=tan(x);\n", +"\n", +"Zl=(Z0*(1+(p*p*%i)))/(p+(p*%i));\n", +"T=(Zl-Z0)/(Zl+Z0);\n", +"p=sqrt((real(T))^2+(imag(T))^2);\n", +"disp(p,'Reflection coefficient:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.7: Microwave_line.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 652\n", +"//Example 12.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Zl=25+25*%i; //ohm\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"T=(Zl-Z0)/(Zl+Z0);\n", +"p=sqrt((real(T))^2+(imag(T))^2);\n", +"disp(p,'Reflection coefficient:');\n", +"\n", +"vswrr=(1+p)/(1-p);\n", +"disp(vswrr,'VSWR:');\n", +"\n", +"//Fraction of power delivered\n", +"Pd=1-(p^2);\n", +"Pdp=Pd*100;\n", +"disp('%',Pdp,'Fraction of power delivered:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.8: Rectangular_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 653\n", +"//Example 12.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"d=2.4;//cm\n", +"lmbc=1.8;\n", +"c=3*10^10; //cm/s\n", +"\n", +"lmbg=2*d;\n", +"lmb=(lmbg*lmbc)/(sqrt(lmbg^2+lmbc^2));\n", +"//Operating frequency\n", +"f=c/lmb;\n", +"disp('GHz',f/10^9,'Operating frequency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 12.9: Three_port_circulator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 653\n", +"//Example 12.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"p=1.5;\n", +"IsL=1; //dB\n", +"InL=30; //dB\n", +"\n", +"S21=10^(-IsL/20);\n", +"\n", +"//Assuming tgree ports to be identical\n", +"S32=S21;\n", +"S13=S21;\n", +"\n", +"//Isolations are also the same\n", +"S31=10^(-InL/20);\n", +"S23=S31;\n", +"S12=S31;\n", +"\n", +"//Refelction coefficients are also the same\n", +"T=(p-1)/(p+1);\n", +"S11=T;\n", +"S22=T;\n", +"S33=T;\n", +"\n", +"S=[S11 S12 S13;S21 S22 S23;S31 S32 S33];\n", +"disp(S,'Matrix is:');\n", +"" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/2-Waveguides.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/2-Waveguides.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..875ac31 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/2-Waveguides.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1124 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 2: Waveguides" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.10: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: \n", +"//Example 2.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=3; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"b=2; //cm\n", +"b1=b/100; //m\n", +"f=7.5D+9; //HZ\n", +"p=5D+3; //W\n", +"\n", +"mu=%pi*4D-7;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"bet=sqrt(((w/c)^2)-((%pi/a1)^2));\n", +"//Charecteristic impedance\n", +"z0=w*mu*2*b/(bet*a);\n", +"disp('ohm',z0,'Charecteristic impedance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Peak electric field\n", +"e0=4*w*mu*p/(bet*a*b);\n", +"disp('V/m',e0,'Peak electric field:');\n", +"\n", +"//Maximum voltage\n", +"v0=e0*b1;\n", +"disp('kV',v0/1000,'Maximum voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for v0 is given as 3.172 kV it should be 33.71 kV" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.14: Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 99\n", +"//Example 2.14\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=1.5;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=0.8;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"mu=1/c*c;\n", +"e=4;\n", +"w=%pi*1D+11;\n", +"n=377;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Frequency of operation\n", +"f=w/(2*%pi);\n", +"f1=f/1D+9;//ghz\n", +"disp('Ghz',f1,'Frequency of operation:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Cutt off frequency\n", +"fc=(c*sqrt((1/a1)^2+(3/b1)^2))/(2*sqrt(e));\n", +"fc1=fc/1D+9;//ghz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fc1,'Cut off frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Phase constant\n", +"bet=(w*sqrt(e)*sqrt(1-(fc/f)^2))/(c);\n", +"disp('rad/m',bet,'Phase constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Propogation constant\n", +"gam=%i*bet;\n", +"disp('rad/s',gam,'Propogation constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(v) Intrensic wave impedance\n", +"zte=(n/sqrt(e))/sqrt(1-(fc/f)^2);\n", +"ztm=(n/sqrt(e))*sqrt(1-(fc/f)^2);\n", +"disp('Ohm',ztm,'ZTM13','Ohm',zte,'ZTE13','Intrinsic wave impedance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.17: Air_filled_Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 103\n", +"//Example 2.17\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"a=2; //cm\n", +"a1=1/100; //m\n", +"b=1; //cm\n", +"b1=b/100; //m\n", +"p=10D-3; //W\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f0=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//Peak value of electric field\n", +"fc=c/(2*a);\n", +"E02=(4*p*377)/(a1*b1*sqrt(1-(fc/f0)^2));\n", +"E0=sqrt(E02);\n", +"disp('V/m',E0,'Peak value of electric field:');\n", +"\n", +"//Maximum power transmitted\n", +"Ed=3D+6; //V/m\n", +"Pt=2.6D+13*(Ed/f0)^2;\n", +"disp('kW',Pt/1000,'Maximum power transmitted:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer is given as 2300kW but it is 2340kW" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.18: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 104\n", +"//Example 2.18\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=7.5; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"b=3.5; //cm\n", +"b1=b/100; //m\n", +"lam=c/f;\n", +"lamm=lam*100; //m\n", +"\n", +"disp('TE10 mode');\n", +"lamc10=2*a;\n", +"bet10=(2*%pi*sqrt(((lamc10/lamm)^2)-1))/lamc10;\n", +"disp('rad/cm',bet10,'Propogation constant:');\n", +"vp10=(2*%pi*f)/bet10;\n", +"disp('m/s',vp10/100,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"disp('TE01 mode');\n", +"lamc01=2*b;\n", +"bet01=(2*%pi*sqrt(((lamc01/lamm)^2)-1))/lamc01;\n", +"disp('rad/cm',bet01,'Propogation constant:');\n", +"vp01=(2*%pi*f)/bet01;\n", +"disp('m/s',vp01/100,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"disp('TE11 mode');\n", +"lamc11=(2*a*b)/sqrt((a*a)+(b*b));\n", +"bet11=(2*%pi*sqrt(((lamc11/lamm)^2)-1))/lamc11;\n", +"disp('rad/cm',bet11,'Propogation constant:');\n", +"vp11=(2*%pi*f)/bet11;\n", +"disp('m/s',vp11/100,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"disp('TE02 mode');\n", +"lamc02=b;\n", +"bet02=(2*%pi*sqrt(((lamc02/lamm)^2)-1))/lamc02;\n", +"disp('rad/cm',bet02,'Propogation constant:');\n", +"disp('As beta is imaginary, mode gets attenuated');\n", +"alp=(2*%pi*sqrt(1-((lamc02/lamm)^2)))/lamc02;\n", +"disp('Np/m',alp,'Propogation constant alpha:');\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.19: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 105\n", +"//Example 2.19\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2.29; //cm\n", +"b=1.02; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100 ;//m\n", +"b1=b/100; //m\n", +"f=6D+9; //Hz\n", +"e=1;\n", +"mu=1/(c^2);\n", +"\n", +"//Cut off frequency\n", +"lamc=2*a1;\n", +"fc=c/lamc;\n", +"w=2*%pi*fc;\n", +"\n", +"//Attenuation constant\n", +"a=(w*sqrt(1-((f/fc)^2)))/c;;\n", +"adb=-20*log10(exp(-a));\n", +"disp('dB/m',adb,'Attenuation constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.1: Dominant_mode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number:91\n", +"//Example 2.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"\n", +"a=6;//cm\n", +"b=4;//cm\n", +"d=4.47;//cm\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"lamc=2*a;\n", +"lamg=2*d;\n", +"\n", +"//Signal wavelength\n", +"lam=lamg*lamc/(sqrt(lamg^2+lamc^2));\n", +"lam=lam/100; //m\n", +"f=c/lam;\n", +"disp('Ghz',f/1D+9,'Signal frequency of dominant mode:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.20: Ratio_of_cross_sectio.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 105\n", +"//Example 2.20\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"a1=1.84;\n", +"a2=%pi;\n", +"\n", +"r=2*%pi*(a1/a2)^2;\n", +"disp(r,'Cross section ratio:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.21: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 106\n", +"//Example 2.21\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f=15D+9; //hz\n", +"a=1.07; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"b=0.43; //cm\n", +"b1=b/100; //m\n", +"er=2.08;\n", +"tandel=0.0004;\n", +"lam=c/f;\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Cut off frequency\n", +"m1=1;\n", +"n1=0;\n", +"fc10=(c/(2*%pi*sqrt(er))*sqrt((m1*%pi/a1)^2+(n1*%pi/b1)^2));\n", +"disp('GHz',fc10/10^9,'Cut off frequency for mode TE10:');\n", +"\n", +"m2=2;\n", +"n2=0;\n", +"fc20=(c/(2*%pi*sqrt(er))*sqrt((m2*%pi/a1)^2+(n2*%pi/b1)^2));\n", +"disp('Ghz',fc20/10^9,'Cut off frequency at mode TE20:');\n", +"\n", +"m3=0;\n", +"n3=1;\n", +"fc01=(c/(2*%pi*sqrt(er))*sqrt((m3*%pi/a1)^2+(n3*%pi/b1)^2));\n", +"disp('Ghz',fc01/10^9,'Cut off frequency at mode TE01:');\n", +"\n", +"//Dielectric attenuation constant\n", +"ad=(%pi*tandel)/(lam*sqrt(1-(fc10/f)^2));\n", +"adb=-20*log10(exp(-ad));\n", +"disp('dB/m',adb,'Attenuation constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.22: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 106\n", +"//Example 2.22\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2.286; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"b=1.016; //cm\n", +"b1=b/100; //m\n", +"sig=5.8D+7; //s/m\n", +"f=9.6D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"mu=%pi*4D-7;\n", +"et=377;\n", +"\n", +"lam=c/f;\n", +"lamc=2*a1;\n", +"r=lam/lamc;\n", +"\n", +"Rs=sqrt((w*mu)/(2*sig));\n", +"ac=(Rs*(1+(2*(b1/a1)*r*r)))/(et*b1*sqrt(1-(r^2)));\n", +"adb=-20*log10(exp(-ac));\n", +"disp('dB/m',adb,'Conductor attenuation constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.23: Circular_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 107\n", +"//Example 2.23\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f=9D+9; //hz\n", +"a=5; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"e=1;\n", +"mu=1/(c*c);\n", +"p11=1.841;\n", +"\n", +"fc=(p11*c)/(2*%pi*a1);\n", +"//Maximum power transmitted\n", +"pmax=1790*(a1*a1)*sqrt(1-((fc/f)^2)); \n", +"disp('kW',pmax,'Maximum power transmitted:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.24: Air_filled_circular_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 108\n", +"//Example 2.26\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=5; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"f=3D+9; //hz\n", +"p11=1.841;\n", +"e=1;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Cut off frequency\n", +"fc=(p11*c)/(2*%pi*a1);\n", +"disp('Ghz',fc/10^9,'Cut off frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Guide wavelength\n", +"bet=sqrt(((w*w)/(c*c))-((p11/a1)^2));\n", +"lamg=(2*%pi)/bet; \n", +"lamg1=lamg*100; //cm\n", +"disp('cm',lamg1,'Guide wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Wave impedance\n", +"zte=(w*%pi*4D-7)/bet;\n", +"disp('ohm',round(zte),'Wave impedance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.25: Air_filled_rectangular_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number:108 \n", +"//Example 2.25\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"p01=2.405;\n", +"a=1/100;; //cm\n", +"p11=1.841;\n", +"\n", +"fc01=((c*p01)/(2*%pi*a));\n", +"fc11=((c*p11)/(2*%pi*a));\n", +"bw=fc01-fc11;\n", +"disp('Ghz',bw/10^9,'Bandwidth:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.26: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 109\n", +"//Example 2.26\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2.286; //cm\n", +"f=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"er=2.25; \n", +"tandel=1D-3;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"mu=4D-7;\n", +"sig=5.8D+7; //s/m\n", +"\n", +"lamc=2*a;\n", +"lamm=c/f;//m\n", +"lam=lamm*100;//cm\n", +"\n", +"ermax=(lam/a)^2;\n", +"disp(ermax,'Maximum value of dielectric constant:');\n", +"ermin=(lam/(2*a))^2;\n", +"disp(ermin,'Minimum value of dielectric constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//Guide wavelength\n", +"lam1=lam/sqrt(er);//cm\n", +"lamg=lam1/sqrt(1-(lam1/lamc)^2);\n", +"disp('cm',lamg,'Guide wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"lamm1=lam1/100;\n", +"ad=(%pi/lamm1)*(tandel/sqrt(1-(lam1/lamc)^2));\n", +"disp('Np/m',ad,'ad:');\n", +"bet=2*%pi/lamg;\n", +"disp('rad/cm',bet,'Beta:');\n", +"vp=w/(bet*100);\n", +"disp('m/s',vp,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.27: Circular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 110\n", +"//Example 2.27\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=0.5; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"f=14D+9; //Hz\n", +"er=2.08;\n", +"p11=1.841;\n", +"p01=2.405;\n", +"tandel=4D-4;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"u=%pi*4D-7;\n", +"sig=4.1D+7;\n", +"et=377;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Cut off frequencies\n", +"fcte11=p11*c/(2*%pi*a1*sqrt(er));\n", +"fctm01=p01*c/(2*%pi*a1*sqrt(er));\n", +"disp('Ghz',fcte11/10^9,'Cut off frequencies for TE11 mode:');\n", +"disp('Ghz',fctm01/10^9,'Cut off frequencies for TM01 mode:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Overall noise\n", +"//Dielectric attenuation\n", +"ad=(%pi*sqrt(er)*tandel*f)/(c*sqrt(1-((fcte11/f)^2)));\n", +"disp('dB/m',ad*8.686,'Dielectric attenuation:');\n", +"\n", +"//Conductor attenuation\n", +"k=(2*%pi*f*sqrt(er))/c;\n", +"bet=sqrt((k*k)-((p11/a1)^2));\n", +"//Surface resistance\n", +"rs=sqrt((w*u)/(2*sig));\n", +"kc2=(p11/a1)^2;\n", +"\n", +"ac=(rs*(kc2-((k^2)/((p11^2)-1))))/(a1*k*et*bet);\n", +"disp('dB/m',ac*8.686,'Conductor attenuation:');\n", +"\n", +"//Total attenuation\n", +"a=(ac+ad)*8.686;\n", +"disp('dB/m',a,'Total attenuation:');\n", +"ta=a*0.3;\n", +"disp('dB',ta,'Total attenuation in 30 cm line:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for condcutor attenuation is wrong in book, hence answer for total loss is different" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.28: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 112\n", +"//Example 2.28\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"er=9;\n", +"a=7; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100; //m\n", +"b=3.5; //cm\n", +"b1=b/100; //m\n", +"ur=1;\n", +"f1=2D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Cut off frequency\n", +"lamc=2*a1;\n", +"fc=c/(lamc*sqrt(ur*er));\n", +"disp('Ghz',fc/10^9,'Cut off frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Phase velocity\n", +"lam=c/f1;//m\n", +"lam1=lam*100;//cm\n", +"lamc1=lamc*100;//cm\n", +"lamg=lam1/(sqrt((ur*er)-((lamc1/lam1)^2))); //cm\n", +"lamg1=lamg/100;//m\n", +"vp=f1*lamg1;\n", +"disp('m/s',vp,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"///(iii)Guide wavelength\n", +"disp('cm',lamg,'Guide wavelength:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.29: Circular_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 112\n", +"//Example 2.29\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"fc=9D+9; //Hz\n", +"er=1; \n", +"er1=4;\n", +"p11=1.841;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) air filled\n", +"a=(p11*c)/(2*%pi*fc*sqrt(er));\n", +"disp('cm',a*100,'Inside diameter if air filled:');\n", +"//(ii) dielectric field\n", +"a1=(p11*c)/(2*%pi*fc*sqrt(er1));\n", +"disp('cm',a1*100,'Inside diameter if dielectric filled:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answers are calculated wrong in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.2: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 92\n", +"//Example 2.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2.5; //cm\n", +"b=5; //cm\n", +"lam=4.5; //cm\n", +"\n", +"lamc=2*b;\n", +"\n", +"//Guide wavelength\n", +"lamg=lam/(sqrt(1-((lam/lamc)^2)));\n", +"disp('cm',lamg,'Guide wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"//Phase constant\n", +"bet=(2*%pi)/lamg;\n", +"bet=bet*100; //rad/m\n", +"disp('rad/m',bet,'Phase constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//Phase velocity\n", +"w=(2*%pi*c)/lam;\n", +"vp=w/bet;\n", +"disp('m/s',vp,'Phase velocity:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.30: Cutoff_frequencies.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 113\n", +"//Example 2.30\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"er=2.55;\n", +"d=1; //mm\n", +"d1=d/1000;//m\n", +"\n", +"//Cut off frequencies\n", +"fctm0=0;\n", +"disp('Ghz',fctm0,'Cut off frequency for mode TM0:');\n", +"\n", +"fcte1=c/(4*d1*sqrt(er-1));\n", +"disp('Ghz',fcte1/10^9,'Cut off frequency at mode TE1:');\n", +"\n", +"fctm1=c/(2*d1*sqrt(er-1));\n", +"disp('Ghz',fctm1/10^9,'Cut off frequency at mode TM1:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//Answers are calculated wrong in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.31: Dielectric_constant.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 113\n", +"//Example 2.31\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f=15D+9; //hz\n", +"d=5; //mm\n", +"d1=d/1000; //m\n", +"\n", +"//Cut off frequency\n", +"fc=0.8*f;\n", +"//Dielctric constant\n", +"er=(c/(2*d1*fc))^2+1;\n", +"disp(er,'Dielectric constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.3: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 92\n", +"//Example 2.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=4; //cm\n", +"b=2; //cm\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"m=1; \n", +"n=1;\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//Cutoff wavelength\n", +"lamc=2/sqrt((m/a)^2+(n/b)^2);\n", +"disp('cm',lamc,'Cut-off wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"//Wave impedance\n", +"lam=c/f;//m\n", +"lam=lam*100;//cm\n", +"eeta=120*%pi;\n", +"z0=eeta*sqrt(1-(lam/lamc)^2);\n", +"disp('ohm',z0,'Wave impedance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.4: Wider_dimension.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 93\n", +"//Example 2.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"zte=410; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//Wider dimension\n", +"lam=c/f;//m\n", +"lam=lam*100;//cm\n", +"a=3/(2*(sqrt(1-(120*%pi/zte)^2)));\n", +"disp('cm',a,'Wider dimension:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.5: Rectangular_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 93\n", +"//Example 2.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=3.0; //cm\n", +"b=1.5; //cm\n", +"mur=1;\n", +"er=2.25;\n", +"x=mur*er;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Cutoff wavelength and frequencuy\n", +"disp('TE10 mode');\n", +"m1=1;\n", +"n1=0;\n", +"lamc10=2/sqrt((m1/a)^2+(n1/b)^2);\n", +"disp('cm',lamc10,'Cut-off wavelength:');\n", +"lamc10=lamc10/100;\n", +"f10=c/(lamc10*sqrt(x));\n", +"disp('Ghz',f10/1D+9,'Cutoff frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"disp('TE20 mode');\n", +"m2=2;\n", +"n2=0;\n", +"lamc20=2/sqrt((m2/a)^2+(n2/b)^2);\n", +"disp('cm',lamc20,'Cut-off wavelength:');\n", +"lamc20=lamc20/100;\n", +"f20=c/(lamc20*sqrt(x));\n", +"disp('Ghz',f20/1D+9,'Cutoff frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"disp('TE11 mode');\n", +"m3=1;\n", +"n3=1;\n", +"lamc11=2/sqrt((m3/a)^2+(n3/b)^2);\n", +"disp('cm',lamc11,'Cut-off wavelength:');\n", +"lamc11=lamc11/100;\n", +"f11=c/(lamc11*sqrt(x));\n", +"disp('Ghz',f11/1D+9,'Cutoff frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) lambg and Z0\n", +"f=4D+9; //Hz\n", +"lam=c/f;\n", +"lamg=lam/(sqrt(x-((lam/lamc10)^2)));\n", +"disp('cm',lamg*100,'Guide wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"fc=3.33D+9; //Hz\n", +"Z0=(120*%pi*(1/sqrt(x))*(b/a))/sqrt(1-((fc/f)^2));\n", +"disp('ohm',round(Z0),'Impedance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.7: Rectangular_waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 95\n", +"//Example 2.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=4; //cm\n", +"b=2; //cm\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Mode\n", +"lamc=2*a; //cm\n", +"lamcm=lamc/100; //m\n", +"fc=c/lamcm;\n", +"//20% above fc\n", +"f=1.2*fc; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//Operating wavelength\n", +"lam1=c/f; //cm\n", +"\n", +"//For TE10 mode\n", +"lamc10=2*b;//cm\n", +"lamcm10=lamc10/100;//m\n", +"fc10=c/lamcm10;\n", +"disp('Hence mode of operation is TE10','Hz',fc,'Since guide is operating at');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii)Guide wavelength\n", +"lamm1=lam1*100;//cm\n", +"lamg=lamm1/(sqrt(1-(lamm1/lamc)^2));\n", +"disp('cm',lamg,'Guide wavelength:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Phase velocity\n", +"vp=f*lamg;\n", +"disp('m/s',vp/100,'Phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Group velocity\n", +"vg=c^2/vp;\n", +"disp('m/s',vg,'Group velocity:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.8: Lossless_Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 96\n", +"//Example 2.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=7; //cm\n", +"b=3.5; //cm\n", +"f=3D+9; //Hz\n", +"h0=10; //amp/m\n", +"\n", +"//Wave impedance\n", +"lamc=2*a;\n", +"lam=c/f;//m\n", +"lam=lam*100;//cm\n", +"lamg=lam/sqrt(1-(lam/lamc)^2); //cm\n", +"z0=377*lamg/h0; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"//Average power transmitted\n", +"p=(z0*h0*h0*a1*b1)/4;\n", +"disp('W',p,'Average power transmitted:');\n", +"\n", +"//Peak electric field\n", +"e0=z0*h0;\n", +"disp('kV/m',e0/1000,'Peak electric field:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for p is given as 28.3 W but it should be 32.99W" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.9: Dimensions.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 96\n", +"//Example 2.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given,\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"fc=3D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//Cutoff wavelength\n", +"lamc=c/fc; \n", +"a=lamc/2;//m\n", +"a=a*100;//cm\n", +"disp('Dimensions:');\n", +"disp('cm',a,'a:');\n", +"b=a/2; //cm\n", +"disp('cm',b,'b:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/3-Microwave_Network_Analysis.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/3-Microwave_Network_Analysis.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..296cb92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/3-Microwave_Network_Analysis.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 3: Microwave Network Analysis" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.12: Transistor_amplifier_circuit.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 163\n", +"//Example 3.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"S11=0.6;\n", +"S12=0.045;\n", +"S21=2.5;\n", +"S22=0.50;\n", +"TS=0.5;\n", +"TL=0.4;\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"Vrms=10; //V\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Gain Parameters\n", +"//(i)Reflection coefficients of input and output\n", +"Tin=S11+((S12*S21*TL)/(1-(S22*TL)));\n", +"Tout=S22+((S12*S21*TS)/(1-(S22*TS)));\n", +"\n", +"//Transducer Gain\n", +"x=(1-(TS)^2)/((1-(S11*TS))^2);\n", +"y=(S21*S21);\n", +"z=(1-(TL)^2)/((1-(Tout*TL))^2);\n", +"GT=x*y*z;\n", +"disp(GT,'Transducer Gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//Available Power Gain\n", +"z1=1-(Tout)^2;\n", +"GA=(x*y)/z1;\n", +"disp(GA,'Available power Gain:'); \n", +"\n", +"//Power Gain\n", +"z2=1-(Tin)^2;\n", +"GP=(x*y)/z2;\n", +"disp(GP,'Power Gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Power levels\n", +"//Power available at source\n", +"Pavs=(sqrt(2)*Vrms)^2/(8*Z0);\n", +"disp('W',Pavs,'Power available at source:');\n", +"\n", +"Pl=9.4*Pavs;\n", +"//Power available at input\n", +"Pin=Pl/13.5;\n", +"disp('W',Pin,'Power available at input:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) VSWRs\n", +"M1=Pin/Pavs;\n", +"M2=Pl/(9.6*Pavs);\n", +"\n", +"Tin1=sqrt(1-M1);\n", +"Tout1=sqrt(1-M2);\n", +"\n", +"vswrin=(1+Tin1)/(1-Tin1);\n", +"disp(vswrin,'Input VSWR:');\n", +"vswrout=(1+Tout1)/(1-Tout1);\n", +"disp(vswrout,'Output VSWR:');\n", +"\n", +"//Calculations for gain are done wrong in book, hence answers dont match" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.4: Scattering_matrix.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 142\n", +"//Example 3.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"\n", +"[z]=[4 2;2 4];\n", +"[I]=[1 0;0 1];\n", +"\n", +"//Scattering matrix\n", +"[s]={[z]-[I]}*inv({[z]+[I]});\n", +"disp([s],'Scattering Matrix:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.5: Network.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 142\n", +"//Example 3.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"P=12.8D-3; //W\n", +"l=3; //cm\n", +"lamb=4.2; //cm\n", +"vswr=2.2;\n", +"jfi=%i*4.49;\n", +"\n", +"//ap\n", +"ap=sqrt(2*P);\n", +"\n", +"//Phase shift\n", +"bl=(2*%pi*l)/lamb;\n", +"//bp\n", +"bp=(ap*(vswr-1))/(vswr+1);\n", +"\n", +"a=ap*exp(jfi);\n", +"b=bp*exp(jfi);\n", +"disp(a,b,'Required Waves:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.6: Microwave_network.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 143\n", +"//Example 3.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"S11=0.10;\n", +"S12=0.90;\n", +"A12=-45;\n", +"S21=0.90;\n", +"A21=45;\n", +"S22=0.3;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Network is reciprocal\n", +"if(A12==A21)\n", +" disp('Network is reciprocal');\n", +"else\n", +" \n", +" disp('Network is not reciprocal');\n", +"end\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Network is lossles\n", +"x=(S11^2)+(S12^2);\n", +"if(x==1)\n", +" disp('Network is lossless');\n", +"else\n", +" \n", +" disp('Network is not lossless');\n", +"end\n", +"\n", +"//(iii)Return loss\n", +"T=S11-((S12*S21)/(1+S22));\n", +"Tm=-T; //mod of T\n", +"L=-20*log10(Tm);\n", +"disp('dB',L,'Return Loss:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/4-Microwave_Resonators_and_Waveguide_Components.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/4-Microwave_Resonators_and_Waveguide_Components.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5da6b9b --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/4-Microwave_Resonators_and_Waveguide_Components.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,917 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4: Microwave Resonators and Waveguide Components" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.10: Cylindrical_resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 199\n", +"//Example 4.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"a=3;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"d=10;//cm\n", +"d1=d/100;//m\n", +"df=2.5D+6;\n", +"er=2.25;\n", +"p11=1.841;\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"\n", +"//Resonant frequency\n", +"fr=(c/2)*(sqrt((p11/a1)^2+(%pi/d1)^2));//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr/10^9,'Resonant frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Q without dielectric\n", +"q0=fr/df;\n", +"disp(q0,'Q wirhout dielectric constant:');\n", +"\n", +"// Q with dielectric\n", +"fr1=fr/sqrt(er);\n", +"qd=1D+3;\n", +"q=(q0*qd)/(q0+qd);\n", +"disp(q,'Q with dielectric constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.11: Cylindrical_resonantor.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 200\n", +"//Example 4.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=9.375D+9;//hz\n", +"sig=5.8D+7;\n", +"eet=377;\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"r=1.5;\n", +"u=4D-7*%pi;\n", +"\n", +"//Radius\n", +"a=c/(f*2.62);//m\n", +"disp('cm',a*100,'Radius of resonantor');\n", +"\n", +"//O\n", +"rs=sqrt((w*u)/(2*sig));//ohm\n", +"x=1.202*eet;\n", +"y=rs*(1+(1/r));\n", +"q=x/y;\n", +"disp(q,'Q of the resonator:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for Q is calculated as 10875 in book but it is 10763.303" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.12: Cylindrical_Resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 215\n", +"//Example 4.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=5D+9;//hz\n", +"sig=5.813D+7;\n", +"er=2.25;\n", +"tandel=4D-4;\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"h01=3.832;\n", +"u=4D-7*%pi;\n", +"\n", +"//Length of resonator\n", +"lamr=c/(f*sqrt(er));\n", +"d=sqrt([{(((2*3.832)^2)+(%pi*%pi))*(lamr*lamr)}/(2*2*%pi*%pi)]);\n", +"disp('cm',d*100,'Length of resonator:');\n", +"\n", +"//Q of resonator\n", +"n=(120*%pi)/sqrt(er);\n", +"Rs=sqrt((f*u)/sig);\n", +"a=d/2;\n", +"Qw1=n*[[(h01/a)^2+(%pi/d)^2]^(3/2)];\n", +"Qw2=2*Rs*[((h01*h01)/(a*a*a))+((2*%pi*%pi)/(d*d*d))];\n", +"Qw=Qw1/Qw2;\n", +"Qd=1/tandel;\n", +"Q=(Qw*Qd)/(Qw+Qd);\n", +"disp(Q,'Q of resonator:');\n", +"\n", +"//Value of Qw is calculated wrong in the book, it should be 50057.91 instead of 53473.8\n", +"//Hence the value of Q also differs\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.13: Lossless_plane_H_tee.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 215\n", +"//Example 4.13\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"p=100; //mW\n", +"//As 2 and 3 are matched terminals\n", +"x=1/2;\n", +"y=1/sqrt(2);\n", +"s=[x -x y;-x 0 y;y y 0];\n", +"\n", +"//Power delivered\n", +"//Port 1\n", +"p1=p*(1-s(1,1)^2);\n", +"disp('mW',p1,'Power at port 1:');\n", +"\n", +"//Port2\n", +"p2=p*s(2,1)^2;\n", +"disp('mW',p2,'Power at port 2:');\n", +"\n", +"//Port 3\n", +"p3=p*s(3,1)^2;\n", +"disp('mW',p3,'Power at port 3:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.14: E_plane_tee.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 216\n", +"//Example 4.14\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"p=40; //mW\n", +"//Since port 3 is matched\n", +"x=sqrt(2);\n", +"s=[1 1 x;1 1 -x;x -x 0];\n", +"r1=40; //ohm\n", +"r2=60; //ohm\n", +"w=50; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//Reflection coefficients\n", +"T1=(w-r1)/(w+r1);\n", +"T2=(r2-w)/(r2+w);\n", +"\n", +"//As power is fed into 1 and 2 equally\n", +"pd=p/2;\n", +"\n", +"//Power delivered\n", +"//Port 1\n", +"p1=pd*(1-T1^2);\n", +"disp('mW',p1,'Power at port 1:');\n", +"\n", +"//Port2\n", +"p2=pd*(1-T2^2);\n", +"disp('mW',p2,'Power at port 2:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.15: Magic_Tee.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 216\n", +"//Example 4.15\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"T1=1/2;\n", +"T2=3/5;\n", +"T3=0;\n", +"T4=4/5;\n", +"p=500D-3; //W\n", +"//S matrix for magic Tee\n", +"x=1/sqrt(2);\n", +"s=[0 0 x x;0 0 x -x;x x 0 0;x -x 0 0];\n", +"//Using the input output relation\n", +"//[b]=[s]*[a]\n", +"b=[0.6565;0.7576;0.5536;0.0892];\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Power transmitted through ports\n", +"//Port 1\n", +"p1=(1/2)*b(1,1)^2*(1-T1^2);\n", +"disp('W',p1,'Power at port 1:');\n", +"\n", +"//Port2\n", +"p2=(1/2)*(b(2,1)^2)*(1-(T2^2));\n", +"disp('W',p2,'Power at port 2:');\n", +"\n", +"//Port 4\n", +"p4=(1/2)*b(4,1)^2*(1-T4^2);\n", +"disp('W',p4,'Power at port 4:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Power reflected at port 3\n", +"//Port 3\n", +"p3=p*b(3,1)^2;\n", +"disp('W',p3,'Power at port 3:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Power absorbed\n", +"pabs=p-(p1+p2+p3+p4);\n", +"disp('W',pabs,'Power absorbed:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for power absorbed is calculated wrong in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.18: Directional_Coupler.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 236\n", +"//Example 4.18\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"C=10; //dB\n", +"D=30; //dB\n", +"\n", +"//Parameters\n", +"bet=10^(-C/20);\n", +"x=bet/(10^(D/20));\n", +"a=sqrt(1-(bet*bet));\n", +"//Scattering matrix\n", +"//Assuming symmetery\n", +"s=[0 a x (bet*%i);a 0 (bet*%i) x;x (bet*%i) 0 a;(bet*%i) x a 0];\n", +"disp(s,'Scattering matrix:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.1: Rectangular_cavity_resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 193\n", +"//Example 4.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"a=5;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=2;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"c=15;//cm\n", +"c1=c/100;//m\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Air filled cavity\n", +"m=1;\n", +"n=0;\n", +"p=1;\n", +"c=3D+8; //for air\n", +"fr=(1/2)*c*sqrt((m/a1)^2+(n/b1)^2+(p/c1)^2); //hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr/10^9,'Resonant frequency for an air filled cavity:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Dielctric filled cavity\n", +"er=2.56;\n", +"fr1=(1/2)*(c/sqrt(er))*sqrt((m/a1)^2+(n/b1)^2+(p/c1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr1/10^9,'Resonant frequency for dielectric cavity:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.20: Directional_coupler.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 238\n", +"//Example 4.20\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"vswr=2;\n", +"D1=8; //mW\n", +"D2=2; //mW\n", +"\n", +"//Reflection coefficient at arm 4\n", +"T=(vswr-1)/(vswr+1);\n", +"//Powwe delivered to D1\n", +"P=(D1*100)/(1-T^2);\n", +"P1=0.99*P;\n", +"//Power reflected at D1\n", +"W1=(P/100)*T*T;\n", +"//Power reflected at load\n", +"W2=D2-W1;\n", +"Tt=sqrt((W2*100)/(P1));\n", +"pt=(1+Tt)/(1-Tt);\n", +"disp(pt,'VSWR:');\n", +"Pl=P1*(1-(Tt*Tt));\n", +"disp('mW',Pl,'Power delivered:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for P1 should be 792 but it is given as 800" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.21: Isolator_Matrix.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 239\n", +"//Example 4.21\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I=30; //dB\n", +"Il=0.4; //dB\n", +"\n", +"S12=10^(I/-20);\n", +"S21=10^(Il/-20);\n", +"s=[0 S12;S21 0];\n", +"disp(s,'Scattering matrix:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.22: Circulator_Matrix.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 240\n", +"//Example 4.22\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I=30; //dB\n", +"Il=2; //dB\n", +"p=1.3;\n", +"\n", +"//Elelments\n", +"T=(p-1)/(p+1);\n", +"S11=T;\n", +"S22=T;\n", +"S33=T;\n", +"S12=10^(-Il/20);\n", +"S13=10^(-I/20);\n", +"S21=S13;\n", +"S32=S13;\n", +"S23=S12;\n", +"S31=S23;\n", +"s=[S11 S21 S31;S12 S22 S32;S13 S23 S33];\n", +"disp(s,'Scattering matrix:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.23: Rectangular_Waveguide.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 249\n", +"//Example 4.23\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"u=4D-7*%pi;\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2.29; //cm\n", +"a1=a/100;\n", +"b=1.02; //cm\n", +"b1=b/100;\n", +"\n", +"//E/H\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"EbyH=(w*u)/sqrt(((w/c)^2)+((%pi/a1)^2));\n", +"lam=c/f;\n", +"lamc=2*a1;\n", +"d=(1/4)*(lam/sqrt(1-((lam/lamc)^2)));\n", +"disp('cm',d*100,'Position:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for positon is calculated wrong in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.24: Attenuator_matrix.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 250\n", +"//Example 4.24\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"//As it is perfectly matched\n", +"S12=1/sqrt(2);\n", +"S21=S12;\n", +"s=[0 S12;S21 0];\n", +"disp(s,'Scattering matrix:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.2: Rectangulr_resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 193\n", +"//Example 4.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"a=0.38;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=0.76;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"f=50D+9;\n", +"c=3D+8;\n", +"\n", +"//Length for TE102\n", +"m=1;\n", +"n=0;\n", +"p=2;\n", +"l=1/sqrt((f/c)^2-(1/(4*b1^2)));//m\n", +"disp('cm',l*100,'Length c:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.3: X_band_resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 194\n", +"//Example 4.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2.286;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=1.024;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"f=10D+9;//hz\n", +"sig=6D+7;\n", +"u=4D-7*%pi;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"eet=377;\n", +"\n", +"//Shortest cavity length\n", +"lamc=2*a1;//m\n", +"fc=c/lamc;//hz\n", +"lam=c/f;//m\n", +"lamg=lam/sqrt(1-(fc/f)^2);//m\n", +"sc=lamg/2;//m\n", +"disp('cm',sc*100,'Shortest cavity length:');\n", +"\n", +"//Qw of the resonator operating in TE101 mode\n", +"rs=sqrt((w*u)/(2*sig));//ohm\n", +"lamr=c/f;\n", +"x=(((a1*b1)/(sc^2))+((sc^2+a1^2)/(2*sc*a1))+(b1*sc/a1^2));\n", +"qw=(2*%pi*eet*a1*b1*sc)/(rs*(lamr^3)*x);\n", +"disp(qw,'Qw of the resonator operating in TE101 mode');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.4: Rectangular_resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 195\n", +"//Example 4.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=4.8;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=2.2;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"f=5D+9;//hz\n", +"er=2.25;\n", +"tandel=4D-4;\n", +"sig=5.813D+7;\n", +"oneby=3D+8;\n", +"u=4D-7*%pi;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"eet=377;\n", +"\n", +"//Length at p=1\n", +"m=1;\n", +"n=0;\n", +"p=1;\n", +"z=(f*2*sqrt(er))/c;\n", +"cp1=p/sqrt((z^2)-((m/a1)^2)-((n/b1)^2));\n", +"disp('cm',cp1*100,'Length of resonator at p=1:');\n", +"\n", +"//At p=2\n", +"cp2=cp1*2;\n", +"disp('cm',cp2*100,'Length of resonator at p=2:');\n", +"\n", +"//Qw\n", +"rs=sqrt((w*u)/(2*sig));//ohm\n", +"lamr=c/(f*sqrt(er));\n", +"x=(((a1*b1)/(cp1^2))+((cp1^2+a1^2)/(2*cp1*a1))+(b1*cp1/a1^2));\n", +"qw=(2*%pi*(eet/sqrt(er))*a1*b1*cp1)/(rs*(lamr^3)*x);\n", +"qd=1/tandel;\n", +"q=(qw*qd)/(qw+qd);\n", +"disp(q,'Q for TE101 mode:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.5: Cylindrical_resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 196\n", +"//Example 4.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=2.5;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"\n", +"disp('TE modes');\n", +"h01=3.832;\n", +"fr=(c/(2*%pi))*sqrt((h01/a1)^2+(%pi/b1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr/10^9,'Resonant frequency for mode TE010:');\n", +"\n", +"h11=1.841;\n", +"fr1=(c/(2*%pi))*sqrt((h11/a1)^2+(%pi/b1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr1/10^9,'Resonant frequency for mode TE111:');\n", +"\n", +"h21=3.054;\n", +"fr2=(c/(2*%pi))*sqrt((h21/a1)^2+(%pi/b1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr2/10^9,'Resonant frequency for mode TE211:');\n", +"\n", +"disp('TM modes:');\n", +"l1=0;\n", +"h011=2.405;\n", +"fr3=(c/(2*%pi))*sqrt((h011/a1)^2+(%pi*l1/b1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr3/10^9,'Resonant frequency for mode TM010');\n", +"\n", +"l2=1;\n", +"fr4=(c/(2*%pi))*sqrt((h011/a1)^2+(%pi*l2/b1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr4/10^9,'resonant frequency for mode TM011:');\n", +"\n", +"l3=1;\n", +"h111=3.832;\n", +"fr5=(c/(2*%pi))*sqrt((h111/a1)^2+(%pi*l3/b1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr5/10^9,'Resonant frequency for mode TM111:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.6: Resonator_comparison.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 196\n", +"//Example 4.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"QTM010=1.202;\n", +"QTE101=1.11;\n", +"\n", +"r=QTM010/QTE101;\n", +"disp(r,'Ratio of Qs of cylindrical and rectangular resonators:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.7: Cubical_Resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 197\n", +"//Example 4.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=7.07D+9;//hz\n", +"a=3;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"sig=5.8D+7;\n", +"er=2.25;\n", +"tandel=4D-4;\n", +"ur=1;\n", +"n=377;\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"u=4D-7*%pi;\n", +"\n", +"//Q of resonantor\n", +"rs=sqrt(w*u/(2*sig));//ohm\n", +"qw=(0.7419*n)/(rs*sqrt(2.25));\n", +"qd=1/tandel;\n", +"q=(qw*qd)/(qw+qd);\n", +"disp(q,'Q of resonator:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.8: Rectangular_Resonant_Cavity.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 198\n", +"//Example 4.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"a=5;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=4;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"c=10;//cm\n", +"c1=c/100;//m\n", +"sig=5.8D+7;\n", +"u0=4D-7*%pi;\n", +"er=3;\n", +"eet=377;\n", +"\n", +"ur=1;\n", +"spl=3D+8;\n", +"tandel=2.5D-4;\n", +"\n", +"//TE101 mode\n", +"m=1;\n", +"n=0;\n", +"p=1;\n", +"fr=(spl/(2*sqrt(er*ur)))*sqrt((m/a1)^2+(n/b1)^2+(p/c1)^2);//hz\n", +"disp('Ghz',fr/10^9,'Resonant frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"w=2*%pi*fr;\n", +"rs=sqrt((w*u0)/(2*sig));//ohm\n", +"lamr=spl/(fr*sqrt(er));\n", +"x=(((a1*b1)/(c1^2))+((c1^2+a1^2)/(2*c1*a1))+((b1*c1)/a1^2));\n", +"qw=(2*%pi*(eet/sqrt(er))*a1*b1*c1)/(rs*(lamr^3)*x);\n", +"disp(qw,'Q for TE101 mode:');\n", +"\n", +"qd=1/tandel;\n", +"q=(qw*qd)/(qw+qd);\n", +"disp(q,'Q for lossy dielectric:');\n", +"\n", +"//Value of qw is calculated wrong in book as lamr comes to be 0.08 not 0.89 m\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.9: Rectangular_resonator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 198\n", +"//Example 4.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"a=2.286;//cm\n", +"a1=a/100;//m\n", +"b=1.106;//cm\n", +"b1=b/100;//m\n", +"\n", +"//For fr1=9.3D+9;\n", +"fr1=9.3D+9;//hz\n", +"lamr1=c/fr1;//m\n", +"c1=(2*a1)/sqrt((((2*a1)/lamr1)^2)-1);\n", +"\n", +"//For fr2=10.2D+9;\n", +"fr2=10.2D+9;//hz\n", +"lamr2=c/fr2;//m\n", +"c2=(2*a1)/sqrt((((2*a1)/lamr2)^2)-1);\n", +"\n", +"r=c1-c2;\n", +"disp('cm',r*100,'Range of piston movement:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/5-Microwave_Tubes_Klystrons.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/5-Microwave_Tubes_Klystrons.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9423a5e --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/5-Microwave_Tubes_Klystrons.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,893 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 5: Microwave Tubes Klystrons" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.10: Four_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 296\n", +"//Example 5.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=4D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=10D+3;//V\n", +"i0=0.75;//A\n", +"v1=2; //V\n", +"bet=1;\n", +"rsh=10D+3;//ohm\n", +"p=5D-5;//C/m^3\n", +"r=0.6;\n", +"rsht=4D+3;//ohm\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"m=9.1D-31;\n", +"ee=8.854D-12;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Induced current and voltage in output cavity\n", +"w1=sqrt(e*p/(m*ee));//rad/sec\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"wq=0.5*w1;//rad/sec\n", +"rr=w/wq;\n", +"\n", +"i4=[(i0^3)*(rr^3)*(bet^6)*v1*(rsh^2)]/(8*(v0^3)); //A\n", +"disp('A',i4,'Induced current:');\n", +"v4=i4*rsht;//V\n", +"disp('kV',v4/1000,'Induced voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Power output\n", +"pout=(i4^4)*rsht;//W\n", +"disp('W',pout,'Power output:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for Pout should be 13.43 kW but it is given as 10.89kW as value of I4 is calculated as 1.289 but it comes out to be 1.35\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.11: Reflex_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 297\n", +"//Example 5.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=8D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=500;//V\n", +"l=1.2;//mm\n", +"l1=l/1000;//m\n", +"rsh=18D+3;//ohm\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"ee=8.854D-12;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Repeller voltage\n", +"n=1+(3/4);\n", +"v11=(ebym*n*n)/(8*(l1^2)*(f^2));\n", +"vr=sqrt(v0/v11)-v0;\n", +"disp('V',vr,'Repeller voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Required dc current\n", +"v2=200;//V\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"i=v2/(2*rsh*j1x);//A\n", +"disp('mA',i*1000,'Required dc current:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for repeller voltage is calculated wrong in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.12: Reflex_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 298\n", +"//Example 5.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=9D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=361;//V\n", +"i0=30D-3;//A\n", +"l=0.1;//cm\n", +"l1=l/100;//m\n", +"x=2.408;\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//Maximum power output\n", +"n=1;\n", +"pout=2*i0*v0*x*j1x/(2*%pi*(n+(3/4)));//W\n", +"disp('W',pout,'Maximum power output:');\n", +"\n", +"//Operating repeller voltage\n", +"vr=((6.744D-6*sqrt(v0)*l1*f)/(n+(3/4)))-v0;//v\n", +"disp('V',vr,'Operating repeller voltage:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.13: Reflex_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 298\n", +"//Example 5.13\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=9D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=250;//V\n", +"l=0.5;//cm\n", +"l1=l/100;//m\n", +"\n", +"//Bandwidth\n", +"n=3;\n", +"df=(n+(3/4))/(6.774D-6*l1*sqrt(v0));//hz\n", +"disp('Mhz',df/10^6,'Bandwidth:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.14: Reflex_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 299\n", +"//Example 5.14\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=600;//V\n", +"vr=250;//V\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//Repeller space\n", +"n=1;\n", +"l=sqrt((ebym*(n+(3/4))^2*(vr+v0)^2)/(8*f^2*v0));//m\n", +"disp('mm',l*1000,'Repeller space:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.15: Reflex_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 299\n", +"//Example 5.15\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"v0=300;//V\n", +"i0=20D-3;//A\n", +"v1=40;//V\n", +"n=2;\n", +"x=2.408;\n", +"j1x=0.52;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Input power\n", +"pin=i0*v0;//W\n", +"disp('W',pin,'Input power:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Output power\n", +"pout=(2*v0*i0*x*j1x)/((2*%pi*n)-(%pi/2));//W\n", +"disp('W',pout,'Output power:');\n", +"\n", +"//Efficiency\n", +"eet=pout/pin;\n", +"disp('%',eet*100,'Efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for output power in book is 0.7 which is wrong, it should be 1.3W\n", +"//Hence answer of efficiency also changes" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.16: Reflex_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 300\n", +"//Example 5.16\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=600;//V\n", +"l=0.1;//cm\n", +"l1=l/100;//m\n", +"bet=0.9;\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"n=2;\n", +"j1x=0.575;//from standard table\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Repeller voltage\n", +"vr=((6.744D-6*sqrt(v0)*l1*f)/(n-(1/4)))-v0;//V\n", +"disp('V',round(vr),'Repeller voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Bunching parameter\n", +"v1=200;//V\n", +"x=bet*v1*2*%pi*(n-(1/4))/(2*v0);\n", +"disp(x,'Bunching parameter:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Required DC current\n", +"rsh=20D+3;//ohm\n", +"i=v1/(2*rsh*j1x);//A\n", +"disp('mA',i*1000,'Required DC current:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Electronic efficiency\n", +"eet=2*x*j1x/(2*%pi*(n-(1/4)));\n", +"disp('%',eet*100,'Electronic efficiency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.17: Electron_Gun.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 301\n", +"//Example 5.17\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=300;//V\n", +"j0=0.3;//A/cm\n", +"i0=45D-3;//A\n", +"\n", +"rb=sqrt(i0/(%pi*j0));//mm\n", +"disp('mm',rb*10,'Electron beam radius:');\n", +"r=rb*(120/100);//mm\n", +"disp('mm',r*10,'Radius of cathode disc:');\n", +"d=sqrt(2.335D-6*(300)^(3/2)/j0);//mm\n", +"disp('mm',d*10,'Cathode anode spacing:');\n", +"//Anode hole has to be 15% larger than cathode disc\n", +"ra=r*1.15;//mm\n", +"disp('mm',ra*10,'Anode hole:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.18: Re_entrant_Coaxial_Cavity.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number:\n", +"//Example 5.18\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=9D+9;//hz\n", +"v0=300;//V\n", +"vr=125;//V\n", +"bet=0.9;\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"br=2.18;//mm\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"ebym=1.7D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//From sin(theta)/theta table, thetag is found out to be\n", +"thetag=0.25*%pi; \n", +"d=(2*thetag*0.593D+6*sqrt(v0))/w;\n", +"disp('mm',d*1000,'Distance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Axial cavity length\n", +"l=c/(10*f);//m\n", +"disp('mm',l*1000,'Axial cavity length:');\n", +"\n", +"//Ratio of outer to inner conductor\n", +"a=1.5*br;\n", +"a1=a/1000;\n", +"x=d/(w*e0*a1*a1*60*tan((w*l)/c));\n", +"bbya=exp(x);\n", +"disp(bbya,'Ratio of outer to inner conductor:');\n", +"\n", +"//radii of outer and inner conductor\n", +"disp('mm',a,'Radius of outer conductor:');\n", +"\n", +"b=1.52*a;//mm\n", +"disp('mm',b,'Radius of inner conductor:');\n", +"\n", +"//Repeller spacing\n", +"lopt=sqrt(ebym*(19/4)^2*(v0+vr)^2/(8*f^2*v0));//m\n", +"disp('mm',lopt*1000,'Repeller spacing:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for radii of outer and inner conductor have wrong calculations in book\n", +"//Also ratio of outer to inner conductor is also calculated wrong" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.1: Two_Cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 288\n", +"//Example 5.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"v=9D+3; //V\n", +"i=40D-3; //A\n", +"l=3; //cm\n", +"l1=l/100; //m\n", +"G=2D-6; //mho\n", +"bet=0.92;\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"x=1.841;\n", +"ebym=1.7D+11; //J\n", +"\n", +"//Maximum voltage\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"v0x=sqrt(2*ebym);\n", +"thet=(w*l1)/(v0x*sqrt(v));\n", +"\n", +"av=(bet^2*thet*i*j1x)/(x*v*G);\n", +"disp('V',av,'Maximum voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//Power Gain\n", +"ic=2*i*j1x;\n", +"v2=(bet*ic)/G;\n", +"pout=bet*ic*v2;\n", +"pin=2*i*v;\n", +"\n", +"//Efficiency\n", +"eet=pout/pin;\n", +"disp('%',eet*100,'Power gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for effciency comes out to be wrong, it is calculted wrongly in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.2: Two_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 288\n", +"//Example 5.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"l=2; //cm\n", +"l1=l/100;//m\n", +"f=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"i=25D-3; //A\n", +"n=21/4; \n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"m=9.1D-31;\n", +"thetag=0;\n", +"bet=1;\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"x=1.841;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Beam Voltage\n", +"v0=(m*l1*l1*f*f)/(2*e*n*n);\n", +"disp('V',v0,'Beam voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Input voltage\n", +"v1=x*v0/(%pi*bet*n);\n", +"disp('V',v1,'Input voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Output voltage\n", +"v2=0.25*v0;\n", +"disp('V',v2,'Output voltage');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Power output\n", +"pmax=i*v0*j1x;\n", +"disp('W',pmax,'Maximum power output:');\n", +"\n", +"//(v) Efficiency\n", +"eet=j1x*bet*v2/v0;\n", +"disp('%',eet*100,'Efficiency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.3: Two_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 289\n", +"//Example 5.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"r0=45D+3; //W\n", +"j0=25D-3; //A\n", +"V=1500; //V\n", +"f=5D+9; //hz\n", +"d=1; //mm\n", +"d1=d/1000; //m\n", +"l=3.5; //cm\n", +"l1=l/100; //m\n", +"rsh=32D+3; //ohms\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"x=1.841;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Input gap voltage\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"v0=(5.93D+5*sqrt(V));\n", +"thetag=(w*d1)/v0;\n", +"bet=sin(thetag/2)/(thetag/2);\n", +"theta0=(w*l1)/v0;\n", +"v1=(2*V*x)/(bet*theta0);\n", +"disp(v1,'Input gap voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Voltage gain\n", +"av=(bet^2*theta0*j1x*rsh)/(r0*x);\n", +"disp(av,'Voltage gain:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.4: Two_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 290\n", +"//Example 5.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"V=1000; //V\n", +"r0=40D+3; //ohm\n", +"i0=25D-3; //A\n", +"f=3D+9; //Hz\n", +"d=1; //mm\n", +"d1=d/1000; //m\n", +"l=4; //cm \n", +"l1=4/100; //m\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"x=1.841;\n", +"rsh=30D+3; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Input gap voltage\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"v0=(5.93D+5*sqrt(V));\n", +"thetag=(w*d1)/v0;\n", +"bet=sin(thetag/2)/(thetag/2);\n", +"theta0=(w*l1)/v0;\n", +"vmax=(2*V*x)/(bet*theta0);\n", +"disp('V',vmax,'Input gap voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Voltage gain\n", +"av=(bet*bet*theta0*j1x*rsh)/(r0*x);\n", +"disp(av,'Voltage gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Efficiency\n", +"v2=bet*2*i0*j1x*rsh;\n", +"eet=(bet*2*i0*j1x*v2)/(2*i0*V);\n", +"disp('%',eet*100,'Efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Beam loading conductance\n", +"gbl=(i0/(2*V))*((bet*bet)-(bet*cos(thetag/2)));\n", +"disp(gbl,'Beam loading conductance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Ansewr for beam loading conductance is calculated wrong in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.5: Two_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 291\n", +"//Example 5.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=3D+9; //hz\n", +"v=900; //V\n", +"i=30D-3; //A\n", +"d=4; //cm\n", +"d1=d/100; //m\n", +"gap=1; //mm\n", +"gap1=1/1000; //m\n", +"rsh=40D+3; //ohm\n", +"x=1.841;\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"r=40D+3; //ohm\n", +"ebym=1.758D+11; //J\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Electron velocity\n", +"v0=sqrt(2*ebym*v);\n", +"disp('m/s',v0,'Electron velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Electron transit time\n", +"t=d1/v0;\n", +"disp('s',t,'Electron transit time:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Input voltage gap\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"theta0=(w*d1)/v0;\n", +"thetag=(w*gap1)/v0;\n", +"bet=sin(thetag/2)/(thetag/2);\n", +"v2=(2*v*x)/(bet*theta0);\n", +"disp('V',v2,'Input voltage gap:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Voltage gain\n", +"av=(bet^2*theta0*j1x*rsh)/(x*r);\n", +"disp(av,'Voltage gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//Values of v and f are changed in question and answer, hence vaules used in answer are taken.\n", +"//Also second part has not been done in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.6: Two_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 292\n", +"//Example 5.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=8D+9; //hz\n", +"i=2.5; //A\n", +"v=20D+3; //V\n", +"bet=1;\n", +"amp=10*sqrt(2); //V\n", +"rsh=10D+3; //ohm\n", +"rsho=30D+3; //ohm\n", +"dc=1D-6; //c/m^3\n", +"rf=0.5;\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"ee=8.854D-12;\n", +"m=9.1D-31; //kg\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Induced current\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"wq=rf*sqrt((e*dc)/(m*ee));\n", +"\n", +"//Amplitude of induced current\n", +"ic=(i*w*(bet^2)*amp)/(2*v*wq);\n", +"disp('A',ic,'Induced current:');\n", +"\n", +"//Induced voltage\n", +"icrms=ic/sqrt(2);\n", +"v2rms=icrms*rsho;\n", +"disp('V',v2rms,'Induced voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Power gain\n", +"pg=(((i*w)^2)*(bet^4)*rsh*rsho)/(4*((v*wq)^2));\n", +"pgdb=10*log10(pg);\n", +"disp('dB',pgdb,'Power gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Electronic efficiency\n", +"eeta=((icrms^2)*rsho)/(i*v);\n", +"disp('%',eeta*100,'Electronic efficiency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.7: Two_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 294\n", +"//Example 5.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=3D+9; //hz\n", +"l=4; //cm\n", +"l1=4/100; //m\n", +"d=0.1; //cm\n", +"d1=d/100; //m\n", +"V=900; //V\n", +"i0=30D-3; //A\n", +"rsh=25D+3;//ohm\n", +"x=1.841;\n", +"j1x=0.582;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Input voltage for maximum output\n", +"v0=0.593D+6*sqrt(V);\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"theta0=w*l1/v0; //rad\n", +"thetag=w*d1/v0; //rad\n", +"bet=sin(thetag/2)/(thetag/2);\n", +"v1max=2*V*x/(bet*theta0); //v\n", +"disp('V',v1max,'Input voltage for maximum output:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Voltage gain\n", +"r0=V/i0;//ohm\n", +"av=((bet^2)*theta0*j1x*rsh)/(x*r0);//V\n", +"disp('V',av,'Voltage gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Efficiency\n", +"ic=2*i0*j1x; //A\n", +"v2=bet*ic*rsh; //V\n", +"eet=bet*ic*v2/(2*i0*V);\n", +"disp('%',eet*100,'Efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Beam loading conductance\n", +"gb=(i0/(V*2))*(bet^2-(bet*cos(thetag/2)));//ohm\n", +"disp('ohm',gb,'Beam loading conductance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.8: Two_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 295\n", +"//Example 5.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=5D+9; //hz\n", +"v0=10D+3; //V\n", +"d=1; //mm\n", +"d1=d/1000; //m\n", +"v1=100; //V\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Gap transit time\n", +"vv0=0.593D+6*sqrt(v0);//m/sec\n", +"tau=d1/vv0;//sec\n", +"disp('sec',tau,'Gap transit time:');\n", +"\n", +"//Gap transit angle\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"thetag=w*tau;//rad\n", +"disp('rad',thetag,'Gap transit angle:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Beam coupling coefficient\n", +"betin=sin(thetag/2)/(thetag/2);\n", +"disp(betin,'Beam coupling coefficient:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Velocity of electron leaving buncher gap\n", +"vig=vv0*(1+((betin*v1)/(2*v0)));//m/sec\n", +"disp('m/sec',vig,'Velocity of electron leaving buncher gap:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Depth of modulation\n", +"m=betin*v1/v0;\n", +"disp(m,'Depth of modulation:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.9: Four_cavity_Klystro.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 296\n", +"//Example 5.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9; //hz\n", +"v0=15D+3; //V\n", +"i0=2.5D-3; //A\n", +"d=1; //cm\n", +"d1=d/100; //m\n", +"vrms=10; //V\n", +"bet=1;\n", +"p=1D-8; //C/m^3\n", +"rf=0.6;\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"m=9.1D-31;\n", +"ee=8.854D-12;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) DC electron beam phase cobstant\n", +"vv0=(0.593D+6*sqrt(v0));\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"bete=w/vv0; //rad/m\n", +"disp('rad/m',bete,'DC electron beam phase constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Reduced plasma frequency and reduced plasma phase constant\n", +"wq=rf*sqrt(e*p/(m*ee));//rad/m\n", +"disp('rad/m',wq,'Reduced plasma frequency:');\n", +"betq=wq/vv0;//rad/sec\n", +"disp('rad/sec',betq,'Reduced plasma phase constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Gap transit time\n", +"tau=d1/vv0;//sec\n", +"vtg=vv0*(1+(bet*vrms*sin(w*tau)/(2*v0)));//m/sec\n", +"disp('m/sec',vtg,'Gap transit time:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/6-Microwave_Travelling_Wave_Tubes_O_type.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/6-Microwave_Travelling_Wave_Tubes_O_type.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e0be7a --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/6-Microwave_Travelling_Wave_Tubes_O_type.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 6: Microwave Travelling Wave Tubes O type" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.10: Low_Power_TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 335\n", +"//Example 6.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Pout=250; //W\n", +"n=0.15;\n", +"V0=7.5D+3; //V\n", +"f=6.15D+9; //Hz\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Input Power\n", +"Pi=Pout/n;\n", +"disp('W',Pi,'Input Power:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Beam current\n", +"I0=Pi/V0;\n", +"disp('A',I0,'Beam current:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Beam velocity\n", +"vb=0.593D+6*sqrt(V0);\n", +"disp('m/s',vb,'Beam velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Radius of helix\n", +"a=(2*vb)/(2*%pi*f);\n", +"disp('m',a,'Radius of helix:');\n", +"\n", +"//(v) Electron beam radius\n", +"r=(3*a)/4;\n", +"disp('m',r,'Electron beam radius:');\n", +"\n", +"//(vi) Pitch of helix\n", +"p=(2*%pi*a*vb)/c;\n", +"disp('m',p,'Pitch of helix:');\n", +"\n", +"//(vii) Current density\n", +"J0=I0/(%pi*r*r);\n", +"disp('kA/msqr',J0/1000,'Current density:');\n", +"\n", +"//(viii) Magnetic field for beam confinement\n", +"B=(4*8.3D-4*sqrt(I0/(r*r*sqrt(V0))));\n", +"disp('mT',round(B*1000),'Magnetic field for beam confinement:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.11: TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 336\n", +"//Example 6.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I0=30D-3; //A\n", +"V0=3D+3; //V\n", +"Z0=10; //ohm\n", +"l=0.1624; //m\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))^(1/3);\n", +"N=(l*f)/(0.593D+6*sqrt(V0));\n", +"\n", +"//Gain\n", +"Ap=-9.54+(47.3*C*N);\n", +"disp('dB',Ap,'Gain:');\n", +"\n", +"ve=0.593D+6*sqrt(V0);\n", +"be=(2*%pi*f)/ve;\n", +"\n", +"//Four propogation constants\n", +"gam1=((-sqrt(3)*be*C)/2)+(%i*be*(2+C))/2;\n", +"gam2=((sqrt(3)*be*C)/2)+(%i*be*(2+C))/2;\n", +"gam3=%i*be*(1-C);\n", +"gam4=-%i*be*(1-((C*C*C)/4));\n", +"\n", +"disp(gam4,gam3,gam2,gam1,'Four propogation constants:');\n", +"\n", +"//Calculations for propogation constants are wrong for gam 3 and 4 hence answers dont match" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.12: TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 337\n", +"//Example 6.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I0=35D-3; //A\n", +"V0=4D+3; //V\n", +"Z0=20; //ohm\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Gain parameter\n", +"C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))^(1/3);\n", +"disp(C,'Gain parameter:');\n", +"\n", +"ve=0.593D+6*sqrt(V0);\n", +"be=(2*%pi*f)/ve;\n", +"\n", +"//Four propogation constants\n", +"gam1=((-sqrt(3)*be*C)/2)+(%i*be*(2+C))/2;\n", +"gam2=((sqrt(3)*be*C)/2)+(%i*be*(2+C))/2;\n", +"gam3=%i*be*(1-C);\n", +"gam4=-%i*be*(1-((C*C*C)/4));\n", +"\n", +"disp(gam4,gam3,gam2,gam1,'Four propogation constants:');\n", +"\n", +"//Calculations for propogation constants are wrong hence answers dont match" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.1: TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 330\n", +"//Example 6.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I0=30D-3; //A\n", +"V0=3D+3; //V\n", +"Z0=10; //ohm\n", +"l=0.1624; //m\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Gain parameter\n", +"C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))^(1/3);\n", +"disp(C,'Gain parameter:');\n", +"\n", +"N=(l*f)/(0.593D+6*sqrt(V0));\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Power Gain\n", +"Ap=-9.54+(47.3*C*N);\n", +"disp('dB',Ap,'Power gain:');\n", +"\n", +"ve=0.593D+6*sqrt(V0);\n", +"be=(2*%pi*f)/ve;\n", +"\n", +"//Four propogation constants\n", +"gam1=((-sqrt(3)*be*C)/2)+(%i*be*(2+C))/2;\n", +"gam2=((sqrt(3)*be*C)/2)+(%i*be*(2+C))/2;\n", +"gam3=%i*be*(1-C);\n", +"gam4=-%i*be*(1-((C*C*C)/4));\n", +"\n", +"disp(gam4,gam3,gam2,gam1,'Four propogation constants:');\n", +"\n", +"//Calculations for propogation constants are wrong in book for gam 3 and 4, hence answers dont match" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.2: Helix_TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 332\n", +"//Example 6.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I0=20D-3; //A\n", +"V0=4D+3; //V\n", +"Z0=100; //ohm\n", +"N=30;\n", +"\n", +"C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))^(1/3);\n", +"//Gain\n", +"Ap=-9.54+(47.3*C*N);\n", +"disp('dB',Ap,'Gain:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.3: Helical_TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 332\n", +"//Example 6.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"d=2D-3; //m\n", +"p=50D+2; //turns per m\n", +"e=1.6D-19; //J\n", +"m=9.1D-31;\n", +"\n", +"// Axial phase velocity\n", +"vp=c/(%pi*p*d);\n", +"disp('m/s',vp,'Axial phase velocity:');\n", +"\n", +"//Anode voltage\n", +"V0=(m*vp*vp)/(2*e);\n", +"disp('V',V0,'Anode voltage:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.4: O_type_TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 332\n", +"//Example 6.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"a=(4.4*%pi)/180; //radians\n", +"c=3D+8 //m/s\n", +"f=8D+9; //Hz\n", +"al=2; //Np/m\n", +"\n", +"//Phase velocity\n", +"vp=c*sin(a);\n", +"\n", +"//Propogation constant\n", +"be=(2*%pi*f)/vp;\n", +"\n", +"gam=al+(%i*be);\n", +"disp(gam,'Propogation constant:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.5: Cavity_coupled.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 333\n", +"//Example 6.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Vc=11D+3; //V\n", +"Ir=0.85; //A\n", +"V0=31D+3; //V\n", +"Pout=50D+3; //W\n", +"I=7; //A\n", +"\n", +"//Electronic efficiency\n", +"ne=Pout/(V0*I);\n", +"disp('%',ne*100,'Electronic efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Overall efficiency\n", +"no=Pout/(Vc*(I-Ir));\n", +"disp('%',no*100,'Overall efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for elecytronic efficiency should be 23.04% but it is given as 36.4 in book" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.6: O_Type_Backward_Wave_amplifier.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 333\n", +"//Example 6.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I0=0.95; //A\n", +"V0=7D+3; //V\n", +"Z0=20; //ohm\n", +"N=20;\n", +"\n", +"C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))^(1/3);\n", +"//Gain\n", +"Ap=-9.54+(47.3*C*N);\n", +"disp('dB',Ap,'Gain:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.7: Multicavity_TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 334\n", +"//Example 6.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Vc=12D+3; //V\n", +"V0=30D+3; //V\n", +"Pout=60D+3; //W\n", +"I=7.5; //A\n", +"\n", +"//Electronic efficiency\n", +"ne=Pout/(V0*I);\n", +"disp('%',ne*100,'Electronic efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Overall efficiency\n", +"no=Pout/(Vc*I);\n", +"disp('%',no*100,'Overall efficiency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.8: Gridded_TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 334\n", +"//Example 6.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Vc=20D+3; //V\n", +"V0=32D+3; //V\n", +"Pout=75D+3; //W\n", +"I=7; //A\n", +"\n", +"//Electronic efficiency\n", +"ne=Pout/(V0*I);\n", +"disp('%',ne*100,'Electronic efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Overall efficiency\n", +"no=Pout/(Vc*I);\n", +"disp('%',no*100,'Overall efficiency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.9: Helix_TWT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 335\n", +"//Example 6.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"I0=500D-3; //A\n", +"V0=10D+3; //V\n", +"Z0=25; //ohm\n", +"l=.20; //m\n", +"f=5.93D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//Gain parameter\n", +"C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))^(1/3);\n", +"disp(C,'Gain parameter:');\n", +"\n", +"N=(l*f)/(0.593D+6*sqrt(V0));\n", +"//Gain\n", +"Ap=-9.54+(47.3*C*N);\n", +"disp('dB',Ap,'Gain of TWT:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/7-Cross_Field_Microwave_Tubes_M_Type.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/7-Cross_Field_Microwave_Tubes_M_Type.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c58214c --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/7-Cross_Field_Microwave_Tubes_M_Type.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 7: Cross Field Microwave Tubes M Type" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.10: Inverted_coaxial_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 376\n", +"//Example 7.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"V0=10D+3; //V\n", +"I0=2; //A\n", +"b=4D-2; //m\n", +"a=3D-2; //m\n", +"B0=0.01; //Wb/m2\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//Cut off voltage\n", +"x=1-((b*b)/(a*a));\n", +"V=(ebym*(B0^2)*(a^2)*(x^2))/8;\n", +"disp('KV',V/1000,'Cut off voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//Magnetic flux density\n", +"y=-sqrt((8*V0)/ebym);\n", +"B=y/(a*x);\n", +"disp('T',B,'Magnetic flux density:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.11: Linear_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 376\n", +"//Example 7.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e=1.6D-19; //J\n", +"B0=0.01; //Wb/m2\n", +"d=6D-2; //m\n", +"V0=20D+3; //V\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Hull cut off voltage\n", +"Voc=(B0*B0*d*d*ebym)/2;\n", +"disp('KV',Voc/1000,'Hull cut off voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Hull magnetic field\n", +"Boc=sqrt((2*V0)/ebym)/d;\n", +"disp('mT',Boc*1000,'Hull magnetic field:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.12: Inverted_Coaxial_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 377\n", +"//Example 7.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"V0=10D+3; //V\n", +"V01=5D+3; //V\n", +"I0=2; //A\n", +"b=3D-2; //m\n", +"a=2D-2; //m\n", +"B0=0.01; //Wb/m2\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//Cut off voltage\n", +"x=1-((b*b)/(a*a));\n", +"V=(ebym*(B0^2)*(a^2)*(x^2))/8;\n", +"KV=V/1000; //Kilovolts\n", +"disp('KV',KV,'Cut off voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//Magnetic flux density\n", +"y=-sqrt((8*V01)/ebym);\n", +"B=y/(a*x);\n", +"disp('Wb/m2',B,'Magnetic flux density:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer in book is wrong for Magnetic flux density as a*a ,where a=2, is taken as 5, which should be 4" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.13: Agile_coaxial_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 377\n", +"//Example 7.13\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"N=15;\n", +"t=0.3D-6; //s\n", +"DC=0.0011; //Duty cycle\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Agile excursion\n", +"A=N/t;\n", +"disp('MHz',A/10^6,'Agile excursion:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Pulse to pulse frequency seperation\n", +"fp=1/t;\n", +"disp('Mhz',fp/10^6,'Pulse to pulse frequency seperation:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Signal frequency\n", +"f=DC/t;\n", +"disp('Khz',f/1000,'Signal frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Agile rate\n", +"Tp=N/f;\n", +"R=1/(2*Tp);\n", +"disp('ps',R,'Agile Rate:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.1: X_band_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 369\n", +"//Example 7.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"C=2.5D-12; //F\n", +"Gr=2D-4; //mho\n", +"Ge=0.025D-3; //mho\n", +"Ploss=18.5D+3; //W\n", +"V0=5.5D+3; //V\n", +"I0=4.5; //A\n", +"\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Unloaded Q\n", +"Qun=(w*C)/Gr;\n", +"disp(Qun,'Unloaded quality factor:');\n", +"\n", +"//External Q\n", +"Qe=(w*C)/Ge;\n", +"disp(Qe,'External quality factor:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Circuit effciency\n", +"n=1/(1+(Qe/Qun));\n", +"disp('%',n*100,'Circuit effciency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Electronic effciency\n", +"ne=1-(Ploss/(V0*I0));\n", +"disp('%',ne*100,'Electronic effciency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for Qe is given as 6285.6 but it should be 6283.1 " + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.2: Cylindrical_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 370\n", +"//Example 7.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"V0=25D+3; //V\n", +"ebym=1.76D+11;\n", +"B0=0.0336; //T\n", +"a=5D-2; //m\n", +"b=10D-2; //m\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Cut off voltage\n", +"x=(b/((b*b)-(a*a)))^2;\n", +"V=(ebym*B0*B0)/(8*x);\n", +"disp('KV',V/1000,'Cut off voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Cut off magnetic field\n", +"y=((8*V0*x)/ebym);\n", +"B=sqrt(y);\n", +"disp('mT',B*1000,'Cut off magnetic field:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.3: Cylindrical_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 371\n", +"//Example 7.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Pout=250D+3; //W\n", +"V0=25D+3; //V\n", +"I0=25; //A\n", +"ebym=1.76D+11;\n", +"B0=0.035; //T\n", +"a=4D-2; //m\n", +"b=8D-2; //m\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Efficiency\n", +"n=Pout/(V0*I0);\n", +"disp('%',n*100,'Efficiency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Cyclotron frequency\n", +"f=(ebym*B0)/(2*%pi);\n", +"disp('Ghz',f/10^9,'Cyclotron frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Cut off magnetic field\n", +"x=(b/((b*b)-(a*a)))^2;\n", +"y=((8*V0*x)/ebym);\n", +"B=sqrt(y);\n", +"disp('mT',B*1000,'Cut off magnetic field:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Cut off voltage\n", +"V=(ebym*B0*B0)/(8*x);\n", +"disp('KV',round(V/1000),'Cut off voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for Cyclotron frequency is is given as 9.8GHz but it should be 0.98 GHz as value of B0=0.035 not 0.35 as taken in part 2" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.4: Conventional_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 372\n", +"//Example 7.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Gr=3D-4; //mho\n", +"Ge=3D-5; //mho\n", +"Ploss=200D+3; //W\n", +"V0=22D+3; //V\n", +"I0=28; //A\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Circuit effciency\n", +"n=1/(1+(Gr/Ge));\n", +"disp('%',n*100,'Circuit effciency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Electronic effciency\n", +"ne=1-(Ploss/(V0*I0));\n", +"disp('%',ne*100,'Electronic effciency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.5: Conventional_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 372\n", +"//Example 7.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=9D+9; //Hz\n", +"C=2.5D-12; //F\n", +"Gr=2D-4; //mho\n", +"Ge=2.5D-5; //mho\n", +"Ploss=18.5D+3; //W\n", +"V0=5.5D+3; //V\n", +"I0=4.5; //A\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Angular resonant frequency\n", +"w=2*%pi*f;\n", +"disp('rad/s',w,'Angular resonant frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Unloaded Q\n", +"Qun=round((w*C)/Gr);\n", +"disp(Qun,'Unloaded quality factor:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Loaded Q\n", +"Ql=round((w*C)/(Gr+Ge));\n", +"disp(Ql,'Loaded quality factor:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) External Q\n", +"Qe=(w*C)/Ge;\n", +"disp(Qe,'External quality factor:');\n", +"\n", +"//(v) Circuit effciency\n", +"n=1/(1+(Qe/Qun));\n", +"disp('%',n*100,'Circuit effciency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(vi) Electronic effciency\n", +"ne=1-(Ploss/(V0*I0));\n", +"disp('%',ne*100,'Electronic effciency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for external Q is given as 56.57 but it should be 5654.8" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.6: Carcinotron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 373\n", +"//Example 7.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"f=4D+9; //Hz\n", +"V0=25D+3; //V\n", +"I0=3; //A\n", +"B0=0.3; //T\n", +"D=0.8;\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"ebym=1.76D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Electron beam phase constant\n", +"be=(2*%pi*f)/sqrt(2*ebym*V0);\n", +"disp('rad/s',be,'Electron beam phase constant:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Gain Parameter\n", +"C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))^(1/3);\n", +"disp(C,'Gain Parameter:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Length for oscillation condition\n", +"N=1.25/D;\n", +"l=(2*%pi*N)/be;\n", +"disp('m',l,'Length for oscillation condition:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.7: Frequency_Aglile_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 374\n", +"//Example 7.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"N=20;\n", +"t=0.2D-6; //s\n", +"DC=0.001; //Duty cycle\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Agile excursion\n", +"A=N/t;\n", +"disp('MHz',A/10^6,'Agile excursion:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Signal frequency\n", +"f=DC/t;\n", +"disp('Khz',f/1000,'Signal frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Agile rate\n", +"R=f/(2*N);\n", +"disp('Hz',R,'Agile Rate:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.8: Cross_field_amplifier.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 375\n", +"//Example 7.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"V0=1.8D+3; //V\n", +"I0=1.3; //A\n", +"Pin=70; //W\n", +"n=0.22;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Power generated\n", +"Pgen=n*I0*V0;\n", +"disp('W',Pgen,'Power generated:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Total RF power generated\n", +"Pt=Pin+Pgen;\n", +"disp('W',Pt,'Total RF power generated:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Power gain\n", +"G=Pt/Pin;\n", +"Gdb=10*log10(G);\n", +"disp('dB',Gdb,'Power Gain:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.9: Inverted_coaxial_Magnetron.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 375\n", +"//Example 7.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"V0=10D+3; //V\n", +"I0=2; //A\n", +"b=4D-2; //m\n", +"a=3D-2; //m\n", +"B0=0.01; //Wb/m2\n", +"ebym=1.759D+11;\n", +"\n", +"//Cut off voltage\n", +"x=1-((b*b)/(a*a));\n", +"V=(ebym*(B0^2)*(a^2)*(x^2))/8;\n", +"KV=V/1000; //Kilovolts\n", +"disp('KV',KV,'Cut off voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//Magnetic flux density\n", +"y=-sqrt((8*V0)/ebym);\n", +"B=y/(a*x);\n", +"disp('T',B,'Magnetic flux density:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/8-Microwave_Solid_State_Control_Devices.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/8-Microwave_Solid_State_Control_Devices.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a6720b --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/8-Microwave_Solid_State_Control_Devices.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,468 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 8: Microwave Solid State Control Devices" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.10: 3_phase_CCD.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 434\n", +"//Example 8.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Qmax=0.05D-12; //C\n", +"f=10D+6; //Hz\n", +"V=10; //V\n", +"n=3;\n", +"\n", +"//Power disspated per bit\n", +"P=n*f*V*Qmax;\n", +"disp('muW',P*10^6,'Power disspated per bit:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.11: Surface_channel_CCD.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 434\n", +"//Example 8.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"er=3.9;\n", +"d=0.15D-6; //m\n", +"e=1.6D-19; //J\n", +"Nmax=2.2D+16; //m-2\n", +"A=0.6D-8; //m\n", +"P=0.67D-3; //W\n", +"n=3;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Junction capacitance\n", +"Ci=(e0*er)/d;\n", +"\n", +"//Gate voltage\n", +"V=(Nmax*e)/Ci;\n", +"disp('V',V,'Gate voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Charge stored\n", +"Qmax=Nmax*e*A;\n", +"\n", +"//Clock frequency\n", +"f=P/(n*V*Qmax);\n", +"disp('MHz',f/10^6,'Clock frequency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.12: 3_phase_CCD.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 435\n", +"//Example 8.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Qmax=0.06D-12; //C\n", +"f=20D+6; //Hz\n", +"V=10; //V\n", +"n=3;\n", +"\n", +"//Power disspated per bit\n", +"P=n*f*V*Qmax;\n", +"disp('muW',P*10^6,'Power disspated per bit:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.13: Surface_channel_CCD.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 435\n", +"//Example 8.13\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"er=4;\n", +"d=0.1D-6; //m\n", +"si=0.85;\n", +"e=1.6D-19; //J\n", +"Na=1D+20;\n", +"\n", +"Ci=(e0*er)/d;\n", +"disp('F/m',Ci,'Junction capacitance:');\n", +"\n", +"W=sqrt((2*e0*er*si)/(e*Na));\n", +"disp('m',W,'Depletion layer width:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.1: Single_pole_Switch.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 389\n", +"//Example 8.1\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Rf=0.5; //ohm\n", +"Rr=1; //ohm\n", +"Ls=0.3D-9; //H\n", +"Cj=0.1D-12; //F\n", +"f=3.18D+9; //Hz\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"Zf=Rf+(%i*round(2*%pi*f*Ls));\n", +"Zr=Rr+(%i*(round(2*%pi*f*Ls)-(1/(2*%pi*f*Cj))));\n", +"\n", +"//Series Configuration\n", +"disp('Series Configuration');\n", +"\n", +"//Insertion Loss\n", +"x=(2*Z0)/((2*Z0)+Zf);\n", +"x1=sqrt((real(x))^2+(imag(x))^2);\n", +"IN=-20*log10(x1);\n", +"disp('dB',IN,'Insertion Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Isolation Loss\n", +"y=(2*Z0)/((2*Z0)+Zr);\n", +"y1=sqrt((real(y))^2+(imag(y))^2);\n", +"IS=-20*log10(y1);\n", +"disp('dB',IS,'Isolation Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Shunt Configuration\n", +"disp('Shunt Configuration');\n", +"\n", +"//Insertion Loss\n", +"a=(2*Zr)/((2*Zr)+Z0);\n", +"a1=sqrt((real(a))^2+(imag(a))^2);\n", +"INs=-20*log10(a1);\n", +"disp('dB',INs,'Insertion Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Isolation Loss\n", +"b=(2*Zf)/((2*Zf)+Z0);\n", +"b1=sqrt((real(b))^2+(imag(b))^2);\n", +"ISs=-20*log10(b1);\n", +"disp('dB',ISs,'Isolation Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for Series configuration insertion loss is 0.058 but is given as 0.58db" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.2: Pin_diode_switches.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 390\n", +"//Example 8.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Rf=1; //ohm\n", +"Rr=4; //ohm\n", +"Ls=0.3D-9; //H\n", +"Cj=0.1D-12; //F\n", +"f=3.18D+9; //Hz\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"Zf=Rf+(%i*round(2*%pi*f*Ls));\n", +"Zr=Rr+(%i*(round(2*%pi*f*Ls)-(1/(2*%pi*f*Cj))));\n", +"\n", +"//Series Configuration\n", +"disp('Series Configuration');\n", +"\n", +"//Insertion Loss\n", +"x=(2*Z0)/((2*Z0)+Zf);\n", +"x1=sqrt((real(x))^2+(imag(x))^2);\n", +"IN=-20*log10(x1);\n", +"disp('dB',IN,'Insertion Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Isolation Loss\n", +"y=(2*Z0)/((2*Z0)+Zr);\n", +"y1=sqrt((real(y))^2+(imag(y))^2);\n", +"IS=-20*log10(y1);\n", +"disp('dB',IS,'Isolation Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Shunt Configuration\n", +"disp('Shunt Configuration');\n", +"\n", +"//Insertion Loss\n", +"a=(2*Zr)/((2*Zr)+Z0);\n", +"a1=sqrt((real(a))^2+(imag(a))^2);\n", +"INs=-20*log10(a1);\n", +"disp('dB',INs,'Insertion Loss:');\n", +"\n", +"//Isolation Loss\n", +"b=(2*Zf)/((2*Zf)+Z0);\n", +"b1=sqrt((real(b))^2+(imag(b))^2);\n", +"ISs=-20*log10(b1);\n", +"disp('dB',ISs,'Isolation Loss:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.3: Silicon_switching_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 392\n", +"//Example 8.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Vbd=1000; //V\n", +"f=30D+9; //Hz\n", +"E=3D+5; //V/cm\n", +"Cj=0.3D-12; //F\n", +"er=11.8;\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"\n", +"W=Vbd/E;\n", +"Wpi=W/100; //mu\n", +"\n", +"//Total series resistance\n", +"R=1/(2*%pi*f*Cj);\n", +"disp('ohms',R,'Total series resistance:');\n", +"\n", +"//Junction Area\n", +"A=(Cj*Wpi)/(e0*er);\n", +"disp('cm2',A*10000,'Junction Area:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.6: Parametric_upconverter.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 428\n", +"//Example 8.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"MQ=10;\n", +"M=0.4;\n", +"r=20;\n", +"Td=300; //K\n", +"T=290; //K\n", +"\n", +"x=(MQ*MQ)/r;\n", +"//Power Gain\n", +"Ap=(r*x)/((1+sqrt(1+x))^2);\n", +"Apdb=10*log10(Ap);\n", +"disp('dB',Apdb,'Power gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//Noise figure\n", +"z=(Td/T)/sqrt(1+((MQ*MQ)/r));\n", +"F=1+z;\n", +"Fdb=10*log10(F);\n", +"disp('dB',F,'Nosie figure:');\n", +"\n", +"//Bandwidth\n", +"BW=2*M*sqrt(r);\n", +"disp(BW,'Bandwidth:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.7: Parametric_amplifier.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 428\n", +"//Example 8.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"MQ=10;\n", +"r=10;\n", +"\n", +"x=(MQ*MQ)/r;\n", +"\n", +"//Gain\n", +"Ap=(r*x)/((1+sqrt(1+x))^2);\n", +"Apdb=10*log10(Ap);\n", +"disp('dB',Apdb,'Gain:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.8: Negative_resistance_parametric_amplifier.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 429\n", +"//Example 8.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Rs=1; //ohm\n", +"ws=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"M=0.25;\n", +"C0=2D-12; //F\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Effective Q\n", +"Q=1/(Rs*ws*C0*(1-(M*M)));\n", +"disp(Q,'Effective Q:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.9: 330_stage_CCD.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 434\n", +"//Example 8.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e=0.0001;\n", +"s=330;\n", +"\n", +"//Charge transfer effciency\n", +"n=1-e;\n", +"\n", +"//Final charge pulse\n", +"//x=P/P0\n", +"x=(1-(e*s));\n", +"disp(x,'Final charge pulse:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/9-Microwave_Solid_State_Generators_and_Amplifiers.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/9-Microwave_Solid_State_Generators_and_Amplifiers.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4e0a76 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G_S_Raghuvanshi/9-Microwave_Solid_State_Generators_and_Amplifiers.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,893 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 9: Microwave Solid State Generators and Amplifiers" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.10: Gunn_device.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 486\n", +"//Example 9.10\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"vd=2D+5; //m/s\n", +"L=10D-6; //m\n", +"Ec=3.2D+5; //V/m\n", +"\n", +"//Natural frequency\n", +"f=vd/L;\n", +"disp('GHz',f/10^9,'Natural frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Critical voltage\n", +"Vc=Ec*L;\n", +"disp('V',Vc,'Critical voltage:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.11: Gunn_oscillator.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 487\n", +"//Example 9.11\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"n=0.08;\n", +"A=3D-8; //m2\n", +"n0=1D+21; //m-3\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"vd=1.5D+5; //m/s\n", +"M=3.2\n", +"E=350D+3; //V\n", +"L=12D-6; //m\n", +"\n", +"//Power output\n", +"Pout=n*A*n0*e*vd*M*L*E;\n", +"disp('mW',Pout*1000,'Power output:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.12: Tunnel_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 487\n", +"//Example 9.12\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"G=15.85;\n", +"Rn=75; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"Rl=Rn-(Rn/G);\n", +"C=Rl+(10*%i);\n", +"disp('ohms',C,'Cavity impedance:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.13: Gunn_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 487\n", +"//Example 9.13\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"n1=1D+16; //m-3\n", +"mu1=8000D-4; //m2/Vs\n", +"nu=1D+14; //m-3\n", +"muu=180D-4; //m2/Vs\n", +"\n", +"///Conductivity\n", +"C=e*((n1*mu1)+(nu*muu));\n", +"disp('m mho',C*1000,'Conductivity:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.14: Gunn_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 488\n", +"//Example 9.14\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"er=13.1;\n", +"vd=2.5D+5; //m/s\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"mu=0.015; //m2/Vs\n", +"\n", +"//Criteria\n", +"n0L=(e0*er*vd)/(e*mu);\n", +"disp('m^-3',n0L,'n0L should be greater than');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.15: Gunn_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 488\n", +"//Example 9.15\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"L=10D-6; //m\n", +"f=10D+9; //Hz\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"n0=2D+20; //m3\n", +"E=3200D+2; //V/m\n", +"\n", +"//Current density\n", +"vd=L*f;\n", +"J=n0*e*vd;\n", +"disp('A/m sqr',J,'Current density:');\n", +"\n", +"//Negative electron mobility\n", +"mu=-vd/E;\n", +"disp('cm sqr/Vs',mu*10000,'Negative electron mobility:');\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for Negative electron mobility is 3125 but it is given as 3100\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.17: IMPATT_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 497\n", +"//Example 9.17\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"n=0.15;\n", +"Vdc=100; //V\n", +"Idc=200D-3; //A\n", +"vd=2D+5; //m/s\n", +"L=6D-6; //m\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Maximum CW output power\n", +"Pdc=Vdc*Idc;\n", +"Pout=n*Pdc;\n", +"disp('W',Pout,'Maximum CW power output:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Resonant frequency\n", +"f=vd/(2*L);\n", +"disp('GHz',f/10^9,'Resonant frequency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.18: IMPATT_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 497\n", +"//Example 9.18\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"n=0.1;\n", +"Vdc=100; //V\n", +"Idc=100D-3; //A\n", +"vd=2D+5; //m/s\n", +"L=5D-6; //m\n", +"V0=90; //V\n", +"k=3;\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Maximum CW output power\n", +"Pdc=Vdc*Idc;\n", +"Pout=n*Pdc;\n", +"disp('W',Pout,'Maximum CW power output:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Resonant frequency\n", +"f=vd/(2*L);\n", +"disp('Hz',f,'Resonant frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii)Transit time\n", +"T=L/vd;\n", +"disp('s',T,'Transit time:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iv) Avalanche multiplication factor\n", +"M=1/(1-((Vdc/V0)^k));\n", +"disp(-M,'Avalanche multiplication factor:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.19: IMPATT_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 498\n", +"//Example 9.19\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"n=0.1;\n", +"Vdc=100; //V\n", +"Idc=0.9; //A\n", +"t=0.01D-9; //s\n", +"f=16D+9; //Hz\n", +"\n", +"//(i)Power output\n", +"Pdc=Vdc*Idc;\n", +"Pout=n*Pdc;\n", +"disp('W',Pout,'Power output:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii)Duty cycle\n", +"D=(t/2)+(1/(2*f));\n", +"disp('s',D,'Duty cycle:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.20: IMPATT_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 498\n", +"//Example 9.20\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"Cj=0.5D-12; //F\n", +"Lp=0.5D-9; //H\n", +"Irf=0.65; //A\n", +"Rl=2; //ohms\n", +"Vbd=80; //V\n", +"Idc=0.08; //A\n", +"\n", +"//Resonant frequency\n", +"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(Cj*Lp));\n", +"disp('Hz',f,'Resonant frequency:');\n", +"\n", +"//Efficiency\n", +"Pout=(Irf*Irf*Rl)/2;\n", +"Pin=Vbd*Idc;\n", +"n=(Pout*100)/Pin;\n", +"disp('%',n,'Efficiency:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.21: TRAPATT_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 501\n", +"//Example 9.21\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"J=25D+7; //A/m;\n", +"Na=2.5D+21; //m3\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"\n", +"//Avlance zone velocity\n", +"vz=J/(Na*e);\n", +"disp('m/s',vz,'Avlanche zone velocity:');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.22: BARITT_diode.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 503\n", +"//Example 9.22\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"N=4D+21; //m\n", +"L=10D-6; //m\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"er=11;\n", +"\n", +"//Breakdown voltage\n", +"Vbd=(e*N*L*L)/(e0*er);\n", +"disp('V',round(Vbd),'Breakdown voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"//Breakdown electric field\n", +"E=Vbd/L;\n", +"disp('V/m',E,'Breakdown electric field:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.23: Laser.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 515\n", +"//Example 9.23\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"lam=8000D-10; //m\n", +"a=0.5D-2; //m\n", +"D=4D+8; //m\n", +"\n", +"//Angular Spread\n", +"t=(1.22*lam)/a;\n", +"disp('rad',t,'Angular spread:');\n", +"\n", +"//Aerial spread\n", +"A=%pi*((D*t)^2);\n", +"disp('m sqr',A,'Aerial spread:');\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"//Answer for A is given as 193 m sqr but it is 1.915D+10 m sqr" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.24: Laser.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 515\n", +"//Example 9.24\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"E=10; //W\n", +"T=1D-9; //s\n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"lam=650D-9; //m\n", +"\n", +"//Pulse Power\n", +"P=E/T;\n", +"disp('W',P,'Pulse Power:');\n", +"\n", +"//Q value\n", +"Q=(c*T)/lam;\n", +"disp(Q,'Q value:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.25: Heterojunction_laser.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 515\n", +"//Example 9.25\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"h=6.626D-34; \n", +"c=3D+8; //m/s\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"Eg=1.85; //eV\n", +"\n", +"//Wavelenght emitted\n", +"lam=(h*c)/(Eg*e);\n", +"lamarm=lam*1D+10;\n", +"disp('A',round(lamarm),'Wavelenght emitted:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.2: Bipolar_transistor.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 448\n", +"//Example 9.2\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"fc=5D+9; //Hz\n", +"Em=2D+7; //V/m\n", +"vs=4D+3; //ms/s\n", +"Xc=1; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//Maximum allowable power\n", +"Pm=((Em*vs)^2)/(((2*%pi*fc)^2)*Xc);\n", +"disp('W',Pm,'Maximum allowable power:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.3: Heterojunction_transistor.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 451\n", +"//Example 9.3\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"XeGe=4.0; //eV\n", +"XeGaAs=4.1; //eV\n", +"delEgGe=0.78; //eV\n", +"delEgGaAs=1.42; //eV\n", +"\n", +"//Conduction band differential\n", +"delEc=XeGe-XeGaAs;\n", +"disp('eV',delEc,'Conduction band differential:');\n", +"\n", +"//Valence band differential\n", +"delEv=delEgGaAs-delEgGe-delEc;\n", +"disp('eV',delEv,'Valence band differential:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.4: GaAs_FET.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 454\n", +"//Example 9.4\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"S11=0.89;\n", +"S12=0.02;\n", +"S21=3.1;\n", +"S22=0.78;\n", +"\n", +"del=(S11*S22)-(S12*S21);\n", +"K=[1-(S11)^2-(S22)^2+(del)^2;]/(2*S12*S21);\n", +"if(K<1)\n", +" disp('Amplifier is potentially unstable');\n", +"else\n", +" disp('Amplifier is potentially stable');\n", +" end\n", +" " + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.5: Microwave_transistor.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 454\n", +"//Example 9.5\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"S11=0.40;\n", +"S12=0.01;\n", +"S21=2.00;\n", +"S22=0.35;\n", +"\n", +"ZL=20; //ohm\n", +"ZS=30; //ohm\n", +"Z0=ZL+ZS; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//Reflection coefficients of source and load\n", +"TL=(ZL-Z0)/(ZL+Z0);\n", +"TLm=-TL;\n", +"TS=(ZS-Z0)/(ZS+Z0);\n", +"TSm=-TS;\n", +"\n", +"//Reflection coefficients of input and output\n", +"Tin=S11+((S12*S21*TL)/(1-(S22*TL)));\n", +"Tout=S22+((S12*S21*TS)/(1-(S22*TS)));\n", +"\n", +"//Transducer Gain\n", +"x=(1-(TSm)^2)/((1-(S11*TSm))^2); //Value of should be 1.145\n", +"y=(S21*S21);\n", +"z=(1-(TLm)^2)/((1-(Tout*TLm))^2);\n", +"GT=x*y*z;\n", +"disp(GT,'Transducer Gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//Available Power Gain\n", +"z1=1-(Tout)^2;\n", +"GA=(x*y)/z1;\n", +"disp(GA,'Available power Gain:'); \n", +"\n", +"//Power Gain\n", +"z2=1-(Tin)^2;\n", +"GP=(x*y)/z2;\n", +"disp(GP,'Power Gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//All the end calculations of finding gain are not accurate in the book, hence the answers dont match\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.6: Transistor_Amplifier.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 455\n", +"//Example 9.6\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"S11=0.60;\n", +"S12=0.045;\n", +"S21=2.50;\n", +"S22=0.50\n", +"TS=0.5;\n", +"TL=0.4;\n", +"Vrms=10; //V\n", +"Z0=50; //ohm\n", +"\n", +"//(i)Reflection coefficients of input and output\n", +"Tin=S11+((S12*S21*TL)/(1-(S22*TL)));\n", +"Tout=S22+((S12*S21*TS)/(1-(S22*TS)));\n", +"disp(Tin,'Reflection coefficients of input:');\n", +"disp(Tout,'Reflection coefficients of output:');\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Gains\n", +"//Transducer Gain\n", +"x=(1-(TS)^2)/((1-(S11*TS))^2);\n", +"y=(S21*S21);\n", +"z=(1-(TL)^2)/((1-(Tout*TL))^2);\n", +"GT=x*y*z;\n", +"disp(GT,'Transducer Gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//Available Power Gain\n", +"z1=1-(Tout)^2;\n", +"GA=(x*y)/z1;\n", +"disp(GA,'Available power Gain:'); \n", +"\n", +"//Power Gain\n", +"z2=1-(Tin)^2;\n", +"GP=(x*y)/z2;\n", +"disp(GP,'Power Gain:');\n", +"\n", +"//Calculation for Tout and Gains are wrong in the book, hence the answers dont match\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Power available\n", +"Gt=9.4;\n", +"Pas=(sqrt(2)*Vrms)^2/(8*Z0);\n", +"Pal=Gt*Pas;\n", +"disp('W',Pas,'Power available at source:');\n", +"disp('W',Pal,'Power available at load:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.7: Microwave_transistor.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 457\n", +"//Example 9.7\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"S11=0.90;\n", +"S12=0;\n", +"S21=2.40;\n", +"S22=0.80;\n", +"\n", +"Gmax=(S21*S21)/((1-(S11)^2)*(1-(S22)^2));\n", +"Gdb=10*log10(Gmax);\n", +"disp(Gdb,'Maximum gain:');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.8: JEFT.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 468\n", +"//Example 9.8\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"Nd=1.1D+23; //m-3\n", +"a=0.2D-6; //m\n", +"er=11.8;\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"mue=800D-4; //m2/Vs\n", +"Z=50D-6; \n", +"L=8.5D-6; //m\n", +"W0=1; //V\n", +"Vd=12; //V\n", +"Vg=1.5; //V\n", +"\n", +"//(i) Pinch off voltage and pinch off current\n", +"Vp=(e*Nd*a*a)/(2*er*e0);\n", +"disp('V',Vp,'Pinch off voltage:');\n", +"\n", +"Ip=(mue*e*e*Nd*Nd*Z*a*a)/(e0*er*L);\n", +"disp('A',Ip,'Pinch off current:');\n", +"//Answer for Ip is 55809 A but it is given as 0.00558 A\n", +"\n", +"//(ii) Drain and maximum drain current\n", +"//Taking Ip=5.58mA as given in book\n", +"Ip1=0.00558; //A\n", +"x=(2/3)*(((Vd+Vg+W0)/Vp)^(3/2));\n", +"y=(2/3)*(((Vg+W0)/Vp)^(3/2));\n", +"Id=Ip1*[(Vd/Vp)-x+y];\n", +"disp('A',-Id,'Drain current:');\n", +"\n", +"//Saturation Current\n", +"Is=Ip1*[(1/3)-((Vg+W0)/Vp)+((2/3)*(((Vg+W0)/Vp)^(3/2)))];\n", +"disp('A',Is,'Drain saturation current:');\n", +"\n", +"//(iii) Cut off frequency\n", +"f=(2*mue*e*Nd*a*a)/(%pi*er*e0*L*L);\n", +"disp('GHz',f/10^9,'Cutt off freqency:');\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.9: MESFET.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"//Page Number: 469\n", +"//Example 9.9\n", +"clc;\n", +"//Given\n", +"e=1.6D-19;\n", +"Nd=8D+23; //m-3\n", +"a=0.12D-6; //m\n", +"er=13.2;\n", +"e0=8.854D-12;\n", +"\n", +"//Pinch off voltage\n", +"Vp=(e*Nd*a*a)/(2*er*e0);\n", +"disp('V',Vp,'Pinch off voltage:');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |