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diff --git a/Engineering_Physics_by_H_K_Malik/4-LASERS_AND_HOLOGRAPHY.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics_by_H_K_Malik/4-LASERS_AND_HOLOGRAPHY.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..048331e --- /dev/null +++ b/Engineering_Physics_by_H_K_Malik/4-LASERS_AND_HOLOGRAPHY.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4: LASERS AND HOLOGRAPHY" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.1: EX4_1.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc \n", +"// Given that\n", +"lambda = 5.5e-7 // wavelength of light in meter\n", +"c = 3e+8 // speed of light in m/sec\n", +"h = 6.63e-34 // Planck constant in j/sec\n", +"e = 1.6e-19 // charge on electron in coulomb \n", +"k = 8.62e-5 // Boltzmann constant in eV/K\n", +"T = 300 // temperature in kelvin\n", +"// Sample Problem 1 on page no. 4.24\n", +"printf('\n # PROBLEM 1 # \n')\n", +"delta_E = (h * c) / (lambda * e) // calculation for energy difference \n", +"r = exp(-delta_E / (k * T)) // calculation for ratio of population of upper level to the lower energy level\n", +"T_ = (delta_E / (k * 0.693)) // calculation for temperature for the second condition\n", +"printf('\n Standard formula used \n delta_E = (h * c) / (lambda * e). \n r = exp(-delta_E / (k * T)). \n T_ = (delta_E / (k * 0.693)). \n')\n", +"printf('\n Ratio of population of upper level to the lower energy level = %e. \n Temperature for the second condition = %f K. ',r,T_)\n", +"//Answer in the book: 1.3 X 10^-38 and 37800 K\n", +"//Answer in the program:1.100524 X 10^-38 and 37836.557301 K'" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.2: Calculation_of_Beam_divergence_angle.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc \n", +"// Given that\n", +"lambda1 = 6.328e-7 // wavelength of light in first case in meter\n", +"lambda2 =2e-7 // wavelength of light in second case in meter\n", +"r1 = 2.3e-4 // the radius of internal beam of laser in first case in meter\n", +"r2 = 2.4e-3 // the radius of internal beam of laser in second case in meter\n", +"// Sample Problem 2 on page no. 4.24\n", +"printf('\n # PROBLEM 2 # \n')\n", +"theta1 = lambda1 / (%pi * r1) // calculation for beam divergence angle in first case\n", +"theta2 = lambda2 / (%pi * r2) // calculation for beam divergence angle in second case\n", +"printf('\n Standard formula used \n theta = lambda / (pi * r). \n')\n", +"printf('\n Beam divergence angle in first case = %e radian. \n Beam divergence angle in second case = %e radian. ',theta1,theta2)" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.3: Calculation_of_Total_energy.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc \n", +"// Given that\n", +"l = 6e-2 // length of laser in meter\n", +"D = 1e-2 // diameter of laser in meter\n", +"lambda = 6.944e-7 // wavelength of light in meter\n", +"d = 3700 // density of aluminium oxide in kg/meter cube\n", +"Na = 6e+23 // Avogadro number\n", +"M = 0.102 // molar mass of aluminium oxide in kg/meter cube\n", +"h = 4.1e-15 // Planck constant in eV-sec\n", +"c = 3e+8 // speed of light in meter/sec\n", +"// Sample Problem 3 on page no. 4.25\n", +"printf('\n # PROBLEM 3 # \n')\n", +"v = (%pi * (D^2) * l) / 4 // calculation for volume \n", +"N = (2 * Na * d * v) / M // calculation for no. of aluminium ions\n", +"N_ = N / 3500 // calculation for the no. of chromium ions\n", +"E = (h * c) / lambda // calculation for the energy of stimulated emission photon \n", +"Et = N_ * E * (1.6e-19) // calculation for total energy\n", +"printf('\n Standard formula used \n v = (pi * (D^2) * l) / 4. \n N = (2 * Na * d * v) / M. \n N_ = N / 3500. \n E = (h * c) / lambda. \n Et = N_ * E * (1.6e-19). \n')\n", +"printf('\n Total energy = %f J',ceil(Et))" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.4: Calculation_of_Power_per_unit_area_delivered_by_the_laser.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc \n", +"// Given that\n", +"p = 4e-3 // energy of laser pulse in meter\n", +"r = 1.5e-5 // radius of spot in meter\n", +"t = 1e-9 // pulse length in time in sec\n", +"// Sample Problem 4 on page no. 4.26\n", +"printf('\n # PROBLEM 4 # \n')\n", +"p_ = p / t// calculation for power in watt\n", +"I = p_ / (%pi * r^2)// calculation for power per unit area delivered by the laser\n", +"printf('Standard formula used \n I=P/a\n')\n", +"printf('\nPower per unit area delivered by the laser = %e watt/square meter',I)" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.5: Calculation_of_Power_per_unit_area_delivered_by_the_laser.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc \n", +"// Given that\n", +"D = 5e-3 // diameter of laser in meter\n", +"lambda = 7.2e-7 // wavelength of light in meter\n", +"d = 4e8 // distance at moon from earth in meter\n", +"// Sample Problem 5 on page no. 4.26\n", +"printf('\n # PROBLEM 5 # \n')\n", +"r = (D / 2) // calculation for radius\n", +"theta = (0.637 * lambda) / r // calculation for angular spread\n", +"areal_spread = (d * theta)^2 // calculation for areal spread\n", +"printf('\n Standard formula used \n theta = (0.637 * lambda) / r. \n areal_spread = (d * theta)^2. \n ')\n", +"printf('\n Angular spread = %e radian ,\n Areal spread = %e square meter',theta,areal_spread)" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.6: Calculation_of_Areal_spread_and_Intensity.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc \n", +"// Given that\n", +"D = 5e-3 // diameter of laser in meter\n", +"lambda = 6.943e-7 // wavelength of light in meter\n", +"f =0.1 // focal length in meter\n", +"P = 0.1 // power of laser in watt\n", +"// Sample Problem 6 on page no. 4.27\n", +"printf('\n # PROBLEM 6 # \n')\n", +"r = (D / 2)// calculation for \n", +"theta = (0.637 * lambda) / r// calculation for angular spread\n", +"areal_spread = (f * theta)^2// calculation for areal spread\n", +"I = P / areal_spread// calculation for intensity\n", +"printf('Standard formula used \n theta=0.637*lambda/r,\n areal spread = (theta*D)^2,\n I=P/A\n')\n", +"printf('\n Areal spread = %e square meter,\n Intensity = %e watt/square meter',areal_spread,I)" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.7: Calculation_of_Degree_of_non_monochromaticity.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc \n", +"// Given that\n", +"tou = 1e-10 // coherence time in sec\n", +"lambda = 5.4e-7 // wavelength of light in meter\n", +"// Sample Problem 7 on page no. 4.28\n", +"printf('\n # PROBLEM 7 # \n')\n", +"delta_v = 1 / tou \n", +"v_ = (3e+8) / lambda // calculation for frequency\n", +"d = delta_v / v_ // calculation for degree of non-monochromaticity\n", +"printf('\n Standard formula used \n delta_v = 1 / tou. \n v_ = (3e+8) / lambda. \n d = delta_v / v_. \n ')\n", +"printf('\n Degree of non-monochromaticity = %f ',d)" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |