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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 12: TRANSIENTS IN POWER SYSTEMS"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.1: EX12_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// To determine the (i)the neutral impedence of line (ii)line current (iii)rate of energy absorption , rate of reflection and state form of reflection (iv) terminating resistance (v)amount of reflected and transmitted power \n",
+"clear\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"L=2*(10^-7)*log(100/.75);//inductance per unit length\n",
+"C=2*%pi*(10^-9)/(36*%pi*log(100/.75));//Capacitance per phase per unit length (F/m)\n",
+"Z1=sqrt(L/C);\n",
+"E=11000;\n",
+"mprintf('(i)the natural impedence of line=%.0f ohms\n',Z1);\n",
+"Il=E/(sqrt(3)*Z1);//line current(amps)\n",
+"mprintf('(ii)line current =%.1f amps\n',Il);\n",
+"R=1000;\n",
+"Z2=R;\n",
+"E1=2*Z2*E/((Z1+Z2)*sqrt(3));\n",
+"Pr=3*E1*E1/(R*1000);//Rate of power consumption\n",
+"Vr=(Z2-Z1)*E/(sqrt(3)*(Z2+Z1)*1000);//Reflected voltage\n",
+"Er=3*Vr*Vr*1000/Z1//rate of reflected voltage\n",
+"mprintf('(iii)rate of energy absorption =%.1f kW\n',Pr);\n",
+"mprintf('rate of reflected energy =%.1f kW\n',Er);\n",
+"mprintf('(iv)Terminating resistance should be equal to surge impedence of line =%.0f ohms\n',Z1);\n",
+"L=.5*(10^-8);\n",
+"C=10^-12;\n",
+"Z=sqrt(L/C);// surge impedence\n",
+"VR=2*Z*11/((Z1+Z)*sqrt(3));\n",
+"Vrl=(Z-Z1)*11/((Z1+Z)*sqrt(3));\n",
+"PR1=3*VR*VR*1000/(Z);\n",
+"d=abs(Vrl);\n",
+"Prl=3*d*d*1000/Z1;\n",
+"mprintf('(v)Refracted power =%.1f kW\n',PR1);\n",
+"mprintf('Reflected power =%.1f kW\n',Prl);\n",
+"////Answer don't match exactly due to difference in rounding off of digits i between calculations"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.2: Find_the_voltage_rise_at_the_junction_due_to_surge.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Find the voltage rise at the junction due to surge \n",
+"clear\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"Xlc=.3*(10^-3);// inductance of cable(H)\n",
+"Xcc=.4*(10^-6);// capacitance of cable (F)\n",
+"Xlo=1.5*(10^-3);//inductance of overhead line(H)\n",
+"Xco=.012*(10^-6);// capacitance of overhead line (F)\n",
+"Znc=sqrt((Xlc/Xcc));\n",
+"Znl=sqrt((Xlo/Xco));\n",
+"mprintf('Natural impedence of cable=%.2f ohms \n',Znc);\n",
+"mprintf('Natural impedence of overhead line=%.1f ohms \n',Znl);\n",
+"E=2*Znl*15/(353+27);\n",
+"mprintf('voltage rise at the junction due to surge =%.2f kV \n',E);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.3: To_find_the_surge_voltages_and_currents_transmitted_into_branch_line.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// To find the surge voltages and currents transmitted into branch line\n",
+"clear\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"Z1=600;\n",
+"Z2=800;\n",
+"Z3=200;\n",
+"E=100;\n",
+"E1=2*E/(Z1*((1/Z1)+(1/Z2)+(1/Z3)));\n",
+"Iz2=E1*1000/Z2;\n",
+"Iz3=E1*1000/Z3;\n",
+"mprintf('Transmitted voltage =%.2f kV \n',E1);\n",
+"mprintf('The transmitted current in line Z2=%.2f amps \n',Iz2);\n",
+"mprintf('The transmitted current in line Z3=%.1f amps \n',Iz3);\n",
+"////Answer don't match exactly due to difference in rounding off of digits i between calculations"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.4: Determine_the_maximum_value_of_transmitted_wave.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Determine the maximum value of transmitted wave\n",
+"clear\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"Z=350;//surge impedencr (ohms)\n",
+"C=3000*(10^-12);// earth capacitance(F) \n",
+"t=2*(10^-6);\n",
+"E=500;\n",
+"E1=2*E*(1-exp((-1*t/(Z*C))));\n",
+"mprintf('the maximum value of transmitted voltage=%.0f kV \n',E1);\n",
+""
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.5: Determine_the_maximum_value_of_transmitted_surge.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Determine the maximum value of transmitted surge\n",
+"clear\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"Z=350;//surge impedencr (ohms)\n",
+"L=800*(10^-6); \n",
+"t=2*(10^-6);\n",
+"E=500;\n",
+"E1=E*(1-exp((-1*t*2*Z/L)));\n",
+"mprintf('The maximum value of transmitted voltage=%.1f kV \n',E1);\n",
+""
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.6: EX12_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Determine (i)the value of the Voltage wave when it has travelled through a distance 50 Km. (ii) Power loss and Heat loss.\n",
+"\n",
+"clear\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"eo=50;\n",
+"x=50;\n",
+"R=6;\n",
+"Z=400;\n",
+"G=0;\n",
+"v=3*(10^5);\n",
+"e=2.68;\n",
+"e1=(eo*(e^((-1/2)*R*x/Z)));\n",
+"// answess does not match due to the difference in rounding off of digits. \n",
+"mprintf('(i)the value of the Voltage wave when it has travelled through a distance 50 Km=%.1f kV \n',e1);\n",
+"Pl=e1*e1*1000/400;\n",
+"io=eo*1000/Z;\n",
+"t=x/v;\n",
+"H=-(50*125*400*((e^-.75)-1))/(6*3*10^5)\n",
+"mprintf('(ii)Power loss=%.3fkW \n heat loss=%.3f kJ',Pl,H);"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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