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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 2: Semiconductor Diode Applications"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_11: EX2_2_11.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.11')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate Peak,ac,dc load current,dc diode voltage,total input power,percentage regulation of HW Rectifier')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Rf=20\n",
+"RL=1000\n",
+"N1=1\n",
+"N2=N1\n",
+"V1=110\n",
+"V2=V1 //since (V1/V2)=(N1/N2)\n",
+"Vm=sqrt(2)*V2\n",
+"Im=Vm/(Rf+RL) //peak load current\n",
+"Idc=Im/%pi //DC load current\n",
+"Irms=Im/2 //AC load current\n",
+"V!dc=-Idc*RL //DC diode Voltage\n",
+"Pi=(Irms)^2*(Rf+RL) //Total power input to circuit\n",
+"%reg=(Rf/RL)*100 //percentage regulation\n",
+"printf('Peak,DC,AC load current are =\n%f ampere\n%f ampere\n%f ampere\n',Im,Idc,Irms)\n",
+"printf('DC Diode voltage =\n%f volt\n',V!dc)\n",
+"printf('Total power input to circuit =\n%f watt\n',Pi)\n",
+"printf('percentage regulation =\n%f\n',%reg)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_12: EX2_2_12.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.12')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate DC,RMS load voltage,PIV across diode,Rectification efficiency,DC power delivered to load,Frequency of output waveform ')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Rf=50\n",
+"RL=500\n",
+"N1=10\n",
+"N2=1\n",
+"V1=230\n",
+"Vm=(N2/N1)*V1\n",
+"w=314\n",
+"f=w/(2*%pi)\n",
+"Vdc=(Vm/%pi)/(1+(Rf/RL)) //DC load voltage\n",
+"Vrms=(Vm/2)/(1+(Rf/RL)) //RMS load voltage\n",
+"PIV=Vm\n",
+"%n=40.6/(1+(Rf/RL)) //Rectification efficiency\n",
+"Pdc=(Vdc^2)/RL\n",
+"printf('DC,RMS load voltage=\n%f volt\n%f volt\n',Vdc,Vrms)\n",
+"printf('PIV across the diode =\n%f volt\n',PIV)\n",
+"printf('Rectification efficiency=\n%f\n',%n)\n",
+"printf('DC power delivered to a load=\n%f watt\n',Pdc)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_20: EX2_2_20.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.20')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate peak,RMS,DC load current, DC in each diode,DC output voltage,% regulation,PIV,RMS current,DC load voltage')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Rf=500\n",
+"RL=2000\n",
+"V2=280\n",
+"//Secondary voltage is\n",
+"Vm=sqrt(2)*V2 \n",
+"//Peak load current\n",
+"Im=Vm/(Rf+RL)\n",
+"//DC load current\n",
+"Idc=2*Im/(%pi)\n",
+"//Since each diode acts as a half-wave rectifier,the dc current through each diode is\n",
+"Idc1=Im/(%pi)\n",
+"//dc output power\n",
+"Pdc=[Idc]^2*RL\n",
+"%reg=(Rf/RL)*100\n",
+"//PIV across each diode\n",
+"PIV=2*Vm\n",
+"//RMS load current\n",
+"Irms=Im/(sqrt(2))\n",
+"//RMS through each diode is\n",
+"Irms1=(Im/2)\n",
+"//Dc load voltage\n",
+"Vdc=Idc*RL\n",
+"printf('peak load, DC load current is \n%f ampere\n%f ampere\n',Im,Idc)\n",
+"printf('direct current in each diode is \n%f ampere\n',Idc1)\n",
+"printf('dc output power is \n%f watt\n',Pdc)\n",
+"printf('percentage regulation is \n%f\n',%reg)\n",
+"printf('PIV across each diode is \n%f volt\n',PIV)\n",
+"printf('rms load current and rms current through each diode is\n%f ampere\n%f ampere \n',Irms, Irms1)\n",
+"printf('DC load voltage is \n%f volt\n',Vdc)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_21: Find_the_load_current_and_rms_value_of_input_current_of_FW_rectifier.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.21')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Find the load current and rms value of input current')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"V2=100\n",
+"Rf=50\n",
+"RL=950\n",
+"//secondary voltage\n",
+"Vm=sqrt(2)*V2\n",
+"//DC load current\n",
+"Idc=(2*Vm)/(%pi*(Rf+RL))\n",
+"//RMS input current is same as RMS load current\n",
+"Im=(Idc*%pi)/2\n",
+"Irms=Im/sqrt(2)\n",
+"printf('The load current=\t%f ampere\n',Idc)\n",
+"printf('RMS load current=\t%f ampere\n',Irms)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_22: Calculate_Average_load_current_and_voltage_and_Ripple_voltage_of_FW_rectifier.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.22')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate Average load current & voltage,Ripple voltage')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"RL=2000\n",
+"//diodes are ideal\n",
+"Rf=0\n",
+"C=500*10^-6\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"V2=200\n",
+"Vm=sqrt(2)*V2\n",
+"//average load current\n",
+"Idc=(2*Vm)/(%pi*(Rf+RL))\n",
+"//Average load voltage\n",
+"Vdc=Idc*RL\n",
+"//ripple factor\n",
+"V=0.483\n",
+"Vac=V*Vdc\n",
+"//with capacitor connected across RL\n",
+"V1=1/(4*sqrt(3)*RL*C*f)\n",
+"//with capacitor filter we have Vdc=Vm\n",
+"Vdc1=282.84\n",
+"Vac1=V1*Vdc1\n",
+"printf('Average load current=\t%f ampere\n',Idc)\n",
+"printf('Average load voltage=\t%f ampere\n',Vdc)\n",
+"printf('Ripple voltage=\t%f volt\n',Vac)\n",
+"printf('Ripple voltage when capacitor connected=\t%f volt\n',Vac1)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_23: EX2_2_23.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.23')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate Average voltage, rectification efficiency & percentage regulation')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"V2=30\n",
+"RL=100\n",
+"Rf=10\n",
+"Vm=sqrt(2)*V2\n",
+"//Average output voltage\n",
+"Vdc=(((2*Vm)/(%pi))/(1+(Rf/RL)))\n",
+"//Rectification effeiciency\n",
+"nr=0.812/(1+(Rf/RL))\n",
+"//percentage regulation\n",
+"PR=(Rf/RL)*100\n",
+"printf('Average output voltage=\t%f volt\n',Vdc)\n",
+"printf('Rectification efficiency=\t%f\n',nr)\n",
+"printf('Percentage regulation=\t%f\n',PR)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_24: EX2_2_24.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.24')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate Average load voltage,RMS load current,PIV,DC o/p power,Frequency of output waveform')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"V1=220\n",
+"N1=10\n",
+"N2=1\n",
+"V2=V1*(N2/N1)\n",
+"Vm=V2\n",
+"Rf=20\n",
+"RL=1000\n",
+"w=314\n",
+"f=w/(2*%pi)\n",
+"//Average load voltage\n",
+"Vdc=(((2*Vm)/(%pi))/(1+(Rf/RL)))\n",
+"//RMS load current\n",
+"Irms=Vm/(sqrt(2)*(Rf+RL))\n",
+"//PIV across each diode\n",
+"PIV=2*Vm\n",
+"//dc output power\n",
+"Pdc=Vdc^2/RL\n",
+"//Frequency of output waveform\n",
+"Fout=2*f\n",
+"printf('average load voltage is \n%f volt\n',Vdc)\n",
+"printf('RMS load current is \n%f ampere\n',Irms)\n",
+"printf('PIV across each diode is \n %f volt\n',PIV)\n",
+"printf('DC ouput power \n%f watt\n',Pdc)\n",
+"printf('frequency of output waveform is \n%f hz\n',Fout)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_28: Calculate_all_characteristics_of_FW_bridge_rectifier.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.28')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate DC output voltage,Ripple factor,Effeciency,PIV,%regulation,Peak diode current, Dc load current, dc current,RMS current')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vm=100\n",
+"Rf=25\n",
+"RL=950\n",
+"//dc output voltage\n",
+"Vdc=(((2*Vm)/(%pi))/(1+(2*Rf/RL)))\n",
+"//Ripple factor\n",
+"Vrms=(Vm/sqrt(2))/(1+(2*Rf/RL))\n",
+"r=sqrt((Vrms/Vdc)^2-1)\n",
+"//Efficiency of rectification\n",
+"Rr=0.812/(1+(2*Rf/RL))\n",
+"//PIV across the non-conducting diode\n",
+"PIV=Vm\n",
+"//Percentage regulation\n",
+"%reg=(2*Rf/RL)*100\n",
+"//Peak load current\n",
+"Im=Vm/(2*Rf+RL)\n",
+"//DC load current\n",
+"Idc=2*Im/%pi\n",
+"//Dc current through each diode\n",
+"Idc1=Idc/2\n",
+"//RMS current through each diode\n",
+"Irms1=Im/2\n",
+"printf('dc output voltage \n%f volt\n',Vdc)\n",
+"printf('Ripple factor \n%f\n',r)\n",
+"printf('Efficiency of rectification \n%f\n',Rr)\n",
+"printf('PIV across non-conducting diode \n%f volt \n',PIV)\n",
+"printf('percentage regulation \n%f\n',%reg)\n",
+"printf('Peak diode current \n%f ampere\n',Im)\n",
+"printf('dc load current \n%f ampere\n',Idc)\n",
+"printf('dc current through each diode \n %f ampere\n',Idc1)\n",
+"printf('RMS current through each diode \n %f ampere\n',Irms1)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_29: EX2_2_29.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.29')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate Average output voltage,avg load current,frequency of output waveform,dc power output')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vm=141.42\n",
+"Rf=0 //Ideal diodes\n",
+"RL=100\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"//Average output voltage\n",
+"Vdc=(((2*Vm)/(%pi))/(1+(2*Rf/RL)))\n",
+"//Average load current\n",
+"Idc=Vdc/RL\n",
+"//frequency of output waveform\n",
+"Fout=2*f\n",
+"//dc power output\n",
+"Pdc=Idc^2*RL\n",
+"printf('average output voltage \n%f volt\n',Vdc)\n",
+"printf('average load current \n%f ampere\n',Idc)\n",
+"printf('frequency of output waveform \n%f hz\n',Fout)\n",
+"printf('dc output power \n %f watt\n',Pdc)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_34: EX2_2_34.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.34')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate Ripple factor,DC output voltage,DC load current,PIV,RMS output ripple voltage')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vm=311.13\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"c=200*10^-6\n",
+"RL=1000\n",
+"//Ripple factor\n",
+"r=1/(2*sqrt(3)*RL*f*c)\n",
+"//dc output voltage\n",
+"Vdc=Vm/(1+(1/(2*f*c*RL)))\n",
+"//DC load current\n",
+"Idc=Vdc/RL\n",
+"//peak inverse voltage\n",
+"PIV=Vm\n",
+"//RMS ripple voltage on capacitor\n",
+"Vac=r*Vdc\n",
+"printf('ripple factor \n%f\n',r)\n",
+"printf('dc output voltage \n%f volt\n',Vdc)\n",
+"printf(' DC load current \n%f ampere\n',Idc)\n",
+"printf('PIV across the diode \n%f volt\n',PIV)\n",
+"printf('RMS ripple voltage on capacitor \n%f volt \n',Vac)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_35: Calculate_the_capacitance_of_HWR.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.35')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate the capacitance')\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"RL=500\n",
+"r=0.1\n",
+"C=1/(2*sqrt(3)*f*RL*0.1)\n",
+"printf('Capacitance value=\t%f Farad\n',C)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_40: EX2_2_40.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.40')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Estimate the value of capacitor required to keep ripple factor less than 1%')\n",
+"Vm=325.27\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"Idc=10*10^-3\n",
+"r=0.01\n",
+"RL=Vm/Idc\n",
+"C=(1/r)/(4*sqrt(3)*f*RL)\n",
+"printf('capacitor required >\t%e Farad\n',C)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_41: EX2_2_41.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.41')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate minimum value of capacitance used in the filter to keep ripple voltage below 2%')\n",
+"Vm=282.84\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"Idc=12*10^-3\n",
+"r=0.02\n",
+"RL=Vm/Idc\n",
+"C=(1/r)/(4*sqrt(3)*f*RL)\n",
+"printf('capacitor required >\t%e Farad\n',C)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_42: Find_Ripple_factor_Dc_output_voltage_Ripple_voltage_DC_load_current_of_FWR.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.42')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Find Ripple factor,Dc output voltage,Ripple voltage,DC load current')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vm=282.84\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"C=500*10^-6\n",
+"RL=2*10^3\n",
+"//Ripple factor\n",
+"r=1/(4*sqrt(3)*RL*f*C)\n",
+"//Dc output voltage\n",
+"Vdc=Vm/(1+(1/(4*f*C*RL)))\n",
+"//Ripple voltage on capacitor\n",
+"Vac=r*Vdc\n",
+"//DC load current\n",
+"Idc=Vdc/RL\n",
+"printf('Ripple factor \n%f\n',r)\n",
+"printf('dc ouput voltage \n%f volt\n',Vdc)\n",
+"printf('Ripple voltage on capacitor \n%f volt\n',Vac)\n",
+"printf('DC load current \n %f ampere\n',Idc)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_43: EX2_2_43.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.43')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Find the ripple factor & output voltage if a capacitor of 160uf is connected in parallel with load')\n",
+"RL=250\n",
+"C=160*10^-6\n",
+"f=50\n",
+"Vm=49.497\n",
+"//ripple factor\n",
+"r=1/(4*sqrt(3)*f*RL*C)\n",
+"//Dc output voltage\n",
+"Vdc=Vm/(1+(1/(4*f*C*RL)))\n",
+"printf('ripple factor \n %f\n',r)\n",
+"printf('DC output voltage \n%f volt\n',Vdc)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_44: Find_the_ripple_factor_and_DC_load_current_of_FWBR.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.44')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Find the ripple factor & DC load current')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vm=230\n",
+"f=(314/(2*%pi))\n",
+"RL=400\n",
+"C=500*10^-6\n",
+"//ripple factor\n",
+"r=1/(4*sqrt(3)*f*RL*C)\n",
+"//DC load current\n",
+"Vdc=Vm/(1+(1/(4*f*C*RL)))\n",
+"Idc=Vdc/RL\n",
+"printf('ripple factor \n %f\n',r)\n",
+"printf('DC laod current \n%f ampere\n',Idc)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_45: Find_the_capacitor_value_for_half_wave_rectifier.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.45')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Find the capacitor value for half wave rectifier')\n",
+"Vdc=20\n",
+"f=60\n",
+"RL=500\n",
+"r=0.1/(2*sqrt(3))\n",
+"c=1/(2*sqrt(3)*r*f*RL)\n",
+"printf('Capacitor value =\t%e farad\n',c)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_46: Find_the_capacitor_value_for_full_wave_rectifier.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.46')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Find the capacitor value for full wave rectifier')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vdc=20\n",
+"f=60\n",
+"RL=500\n",
+"r=0.1/(2*sqrt(3))\n",
+"c=1/(4*sqrt(3)*r*f*RL)\n",
+"printf('Capacitor value =\t%e farad\n',c)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_50: calculate_load_and_source_effects_and_load_and_line_regulation.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.50')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('calculate load & source effects & the load & line regulation')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vo1=20\n",
+"Vo2=19.7\n",
+"//load effect=delVo for delIL(max)\n",
+"LE=Vo1-Vo2\n",
+"//Load regulation\n",
+"LR=(LE*100)/Vo1\n",
+"//source effect=delVo for 10% change in Vs\n",
+"V=20.2\n",
+"SE=V-Vo1\n",
+"//Line regulation\n",
+"LiR=(SE/Vo1)*100\n",
+"printf('load effect \n %f volt\n',LE)\n",
+"printf('load regulation \n%f \n',LR)\n",
+"printf('source effect \n %f volt\n',SE)\n",
+"printf('line regulation \n%f\n',LiR)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_51: calculate_load_and_source_effects_and_load_and_line_regulation.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.51')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('calculate load & source effects & load & line regulation')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"Vo1=15\n",
+"Vo2=14.9\n",
+"//load effect=delVo for delIL(max)\n",
+"LE=Vo1-Vo2\n",
+"//Load regulation\n",
+"LR=LE*100/Vo1\n",
+"//source effect=delVo for 10% change in Vs\n",
+"V=14.95\n",
+"SE=Vo1-V\n",
+"//Line regulation\n",
+"LiR=(SE/Vo1)*100\n",
+"printf('load effect \n %f volt\n',LE)\n",
+"printf('load regulation \n%f \n',LR)\n",
+"printf('source effect \n %f volt\n',SE)\n",
+"printf('line regulation \n%f\n',LiR)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_54: Design_the_Zener_Diode_Voltage_regulator_for_given_specification.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.54')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design the Zener Diode Voltage regulator for given specification')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//unregulated dc input voltage\n",
+"Vimin=8\n",
+"Vimax=12\n",
+"//regulated dc output voltage\n",
+"Vo=5\n",
+"//minimum zener current\n",
+"Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum zener current\n",
+"Izmax=80*10^-3\n",
+"//load current\n",
+"ILmin=0\n",
+"ILmax=20*10^-3\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RL=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"//maximum Resistance\n",
+"Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)\n",
+"//minimum resistance\n",
+"Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Required resistance\n",
+"R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2\n",
+"printf('minimum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmin)\n",
+"printf('maximum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmax)\n",
+"printf('required resistance %d ohm \n',R)\n",
+""
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_55: Design_a_zener_diode_voltage_regulator_to_meet_following_specification.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.55')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a zener diode voltage regulator to meet following specification')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//unregulated dc input voltage\n",
+"Vimin=13\n",
+"Vimax=17\n",
+"//Load current\n",
+"ILmin-0\n",
+"ILmax=10*10^-3\n",
+"//regulated output voltage\n",
+"Vo=10\n",
+"//minimum zener current\n",
+"Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"//Maximum power dissipation\n",
+"Pzmax=500*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum zener current\n",
+"Izmax=Pzmax/Vo\n",
+"//maximum Resistance\n",
+"Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)\n",
+"//minimum resistance\n",
+"Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Required resistance\n",
+"R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RLmin=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"printf('minimum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmin)\n",
+"printf('maximum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmax)\n",
+"printf('required resistance %d ohm \n',R)\n",
+"printf('load resistance %d ohm \n',RLmin)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_56: Design_a_zener_diode_voltage_regulator_to_meet_following_specification.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.56')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a zener diode voltage regulator to meet following specification')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//dc input voltage\n",
+"Vimin=20\n",
+"Vimax=Vimin\n",
+"//dc output voltage\n",
+"Vo=10\n",
+"//load current\n",
+"ILmin=0\n",
+"ILmax=20*10^-3\n",
+"//minimum zener current\n",
+"Izmin=10*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum zener current\n",
+"Izmax=100*10^-3\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RLmin=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"//maximum Resistance\n",
+"Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)\n",
+"//minimum resistance\n",
+"Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Required resistance\n",
+"R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2\n",
+"printf('minimum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmin)\n",
+"printf('maximum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmax)\n",
+"printf('required resistance %d ohm \n',R)\n",
+"printf('load resistance %d ohm \n',RLmin)\n",
+""
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_57: EX2_2_57.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.57')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate the value of series resistance & Zener diode current when load is 1200ohm')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//Input voltage\n",
+"Vi=32\n",
+"//Zener diode voltage\n",
+"Vz=24\n",
+"//maximum power\n",
+"Pzmax=600*10^-3\n",
+"//output voltage\n",
+"Vo=24 \n",
+"//since Vi has no variation\n",
+"Vimax=32\n",
+"Vimin=Vimax\n",
+"//Zener current\n",
+"Izmax=Pzmax/Vz\n",
+"//series resistance\n",
+"ILmin=0\n",
+"R=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Diode current\n",
+"RL=1200\n",
+"IL=Vo/RL //load current\n",
+"I=(Vi-Vo)/R //total current\n",
+"IZ=I-IL\n",
+"printf('The diode current=\t%f ampere\n',IZ)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_58: Design_a_voltage_regulator_using_zener_diode_to_meet_following_specification.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.58')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a voltage regulator using zener diode to meet following specification')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//unregulated dc input voltage\n",
+"Vimin=20\n",
+"Vimax=30\n",
+"//regulated dc output voltage\n",
+"Vo=10\n",
+"//minimum zener current\n",
+"Izmin=2*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum zener current\n",
+"Izmax=100*10^-3\n",
+"//load current\n",
+"ILmin=0\n",
+"ILmax=25*10^-3\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RL=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"//maximum Resistance\n",
+"Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)\n",
+"//minimum resistance\n",
+"Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Required resistance\n",
+"R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2\n",
+"printf('minimum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmin)\n",
+"printf('maximum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmax)\n",
+"printf('required resistance %d ohm \n',R)\n",
+"printf('load resistance %d ohm \n',RLmin)\n",
+""
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_59: Design_a_zener_voltage_regulator_to_meet_following_specification.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.59')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a zener voltage regulator to meet following specification')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//DC input voltage\n",
+"Vimin=10-2\n",
+"Vimax=10+2\n",
+"//DC output voltage\n",
+"Vo=5\n",
+"//Load current\n",
+"ILmax=10*10^-3\n",
+"ILmin=0\n",
+"//zener wattage\n",
+"Pzmax=400*10^-3\n",
+"Vz=Vo\n",
+"//maximum zener current\n",
+"Izmax=Pzmax/Vz\n",
+"//since Izmin is not given so let us take IZmin=5mA\n",
+"Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum Resistance\n",
+"Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)\n",
+"//minimum resistance\n",
+"Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Required resistance\n",
+"R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RL=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"printf('minimum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmin)\n",
+"printf('maximum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmax)\n",
+"printf('required resistance %d ohm \n',R)\n",
+"printf('load resistance %d ohm \n',RL)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_60: Design_a_zener_voltage_regulator_to_meet_following_specification.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.60')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a zener voltage regulator to meet following specification')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//DC input voltage(10V[+-]20%)\n",
+"Vimin=10-2\n",
+"Vimax=10+2\n",
+"//DC output voltage\n",
+"Vo=5\n",
+"//Load current\n",
+"ILmax=20*10^-3\n",
+"ILmin=0\n",
+"//zener current\n",
+"Izmax=80*10^-3\n",
+"Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum Resistance\n",
+"Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)\n",
+"//minimum resistance\n",
+"Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Required resistance\n",
+"R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RL=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"printf('minimum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmin)\n",
+"printf('maximum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmax)\n",
+"printf('required resistance %d ohm \n',R)\n",
+"printf('load resistance %d ohm \n',RL)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_61: Design_a_zener_voltage_regulator_to_meet_following_specification.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.61')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a zener voltage regulator to meet following specification')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//DC input voltage\n",
+"Vimin=12-3\n",
+"Vimax=12+3\n",
+"//DC output voltage\n",
+"Vo=5\n",
+"//Load current\n",
+"ILmax=20*10^-3\n",
+"ILmin=0\n",
+"//zener wattage\n",
+"Pzmax=500*10^-3\n",
+"Vz=Vo\n",
+"//maximum zener current\n",
+"Izmax=Pzmax/Vz\n",
+"//since Izmin is not given so let us take IZmin=5mA\n",
+"Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum Resistance\n",
+"Rmax=(Vimin-Vo)/(Izmin+ILmax)\n",
+"//mini resistance\n",
+"Rmin=(Vimax-Vo)/(Izmax+ILmin)\n",
+"//Required resistance\n",
+"R=(Rmax+Rmin)/2\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RL=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"printf('minimum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmin)\n",
+"printf('maximum resistance %d ohm \n',Rmax)\n",
+"printf('required resistance %d ohm \n',R)\n",
+"printf('load resistance %d ohm \n',RL)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_63: Design_a_6V_dc_reference_source_to_operate_from_a_16v_supply.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.63')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a 6V dc reference source to operate from a 16v supply')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//output voltage\n",
+"Vo=6\n",
+"//input voltage\n",
+"Vi=16\n",
+"//zener power\n",
+"Pzmax=400*10^-3\n",
+"//zener current maximum\n",
+"Izmax=Pzmax/Vo\n",
+"//I=Iz+IL & ILmin=0, we have Izmax=I\n",
+"//take Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum load current\n",
+"ILmax=Izmax-Izmin\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RLmin=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"//series resistance\n",
+"R=(Vi-Vo)/Izmax\n",
+"printf('maximum load current %d ampere\n',ILmax)\n",
+"printf('Load resistance %d ohm\n',RLmin)\n",
+"printf('sereies resistance %d ohm\n',R)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_64: EX2_2_64.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.64')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Design a 8V dc reference source to operate from a 20v supply and find maximum load current')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//output voltage\n",
+"Vo=8\n",
+"//input voltage\n",
+"Vi=20\n",
+"//zener power\n",
+"Pzmax=400*10^-3\n",
+"//zener current maximum\n",
+"Izmax=Pzmax/Vo\n",
+"//I=Iz+IL & ILmin=0, we have Izmax=I\n",
+"//take Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"Izmin=5*10^-3\n",
+"//maximum load current\n",
+"ILmax=Izmax-Izmin\n",
+"//load resistance\n",
+"RLmin=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"//series resistance\n",
+"R=(Vi-Vo)/Izmax\n",
+"printf('maximum load current %d ampere\n',ILmax)\n",
+"printf('Load resistance %d ohm\n',RLmin)\n",
+"printf('sereies resistance %d ohm\n',R)\n",
+""
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_65: EX2_2_65.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.65')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate circuit current when supply voltage drops to 27V, select suitable components')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//input voltage\n",
+"Vi=30\n",
+"//output voltage\n",
+"Vo=9\n",
+"//test current(lies b/w Izmin & Izmax)\n",
+"Izt=20*10^-3\n",
+"//load current(assume zero, no load operation)\n",
+"IL=0\n",
+"//circuit current\n",
+"I=Izt\n",
+"//series resistance\n",
+"R=(Vi-Vo)/I\n",
+"//zener current when Vi drops to 27V\n",
+"Vi1=27\n",
+"Iz=(Vi1-Vo)/R\n",
+"printf('Zener current is %f ampere\n',Iz)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_66: Calculate_the_effect_of_a_10per_variation_supply_voltage_on_diode_current.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.66')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate the effect of a 10% variation supply voltage on diode current')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"//input voltage\n",
+"Vi=25\n",
+"//output voltage\n",
+"Vo=10\n",
+"//test current(lies b/w Izmin & Izmax)\n",
+"Izt=20*10^-3\n",
+"//load current(assume zero, no load operation)\n",
+"IL=10^-3\n",
+"//select R such that\n",
+"Iz=Izt\n",
+"//series resistance\n",
+"R=(Vi-Vo)/(Iz+IL)\n",
+"//maximum input voltage \n",
+"Vimax=25+2.5\n",
+"//minimum input voltage\n",
+"Vimin=25-2.5\n",
+"//ciruit current\n",
+"I1=(Vimax-Vo)/R\n",
+"//zener current when Vimax\n",
+"Izmax=I1-IL\n",
+"//cicuit current when Vimin\n",
+"I2=(Vimin-Vo)/R\n",
+"//zener current when Vimin\n",
+"Izmin=I2-IL\n",
+"printf('circuit current when Vimax is %f ampere\n',I1)\n",
+"printf('zener current when Vimax is %f ampere\n',Izmax)\n",
+"printf('circuit current when Vimin is %f ampere\n',I2)\n",
+"printf('zener current when Viin is %f ampere\n',Izmin)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2_68: EX2_2_68.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Example 2.68')\n",
+"printf('\n')\n",
+"disp('Calculate the line regulation, output resistance, load regulation & ripple rejection ratio')\n",
+"printf('Given\n')\n",
+"printf('1 Resistance are in ohms \n 2 Current are in ampere \n 3 voltage sources are in volt\n')\n",
+"//input voltage\n",
+"Vi=16\n",
+"//output voltage\n",
+"Vo=6\n",
+"//load current\n",
+"ILmax=60*10^-3\n",
+"//dynamic impedence\n",
+"Zz=7\n",
+"//series resistance\n",
+"R=150\n",
+"//Source effect\n",
+"delVi=(10*16)/100\n",
+"RL=Vo/ILmax\n",
+"//Zz||RL\n",
+"Rp=(Zz*RL)/(Zz+RL)\n",
+"delVo=(delVi*Rp)/(R+Rp)\n",
+"//Line regulation\n",
+"LR=(delVo*100)/Vo\n",
+"//load effect\n",
+"delIL=ILmax\n",
+"Ro=(Zz*R)/(Zz+R)\n",
+"delVo1=delIL*Ro\n",
+"//output resistance\n",
+"Rout=Ro\n",
+"//Ripple rejection ratio\n",
+"VrobyVri=Rp/(R+Rp)\n",
+"printf('line regulation is %f \n',LR)\n",
+"printf('output resistance is %d ohm\n',Rout)\n",
+"printf('Ripple rejection ratio %f \n',VrobyVri)"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-03-11 06:18:55 +0000