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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 6: Noise"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.1: Thermal_Noise.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"T=290; // temperature in kelvin\n",
+"k=1.38*10^(-23); // Boltzman constant\n",
+"B=1;// bandwidth in MHz\n",
+"\n",
+"P=k*T*B*10^(6); // thermal noise power\n",
+"disp('the thermal noise power (in watts) is ');\n",
+"disp(P);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.2_A: SNR_and_Noise_Figure.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"Inp_sig_pow=1.5*10^(-9); //Input Signal Power in Watts\n",
+"Inp_noi_pow=1.5*10^(-18); //Input Noise Power in Watts\n",
+"Pow_gain=10^(6);\n",
+"int_noi=4*10^(-12); //internal noise in watts\n",
+"\n",
+"//a)\n",
+"Inp_SNR=10*log10(Inp_sig_pow/Inp_noi_pow);// input SNR in dB\n",
+"\n",
+"//b)\n",
+"Nout=Pow_gain*Inp_noi_pow+int_noi //output output noise power\n",
+"\n",
+"Pout=Pow_gain*Inp_sig_pow //output signal power\n",
+"\n",
+"SNR=Pout/Nout;// Signal to Noise ratio\n",
+"SNRout=10*log10(SNR);// Output SNR in dB\n",
+"\n",
+"//c)\n",
+"F=10^(9)/(273*10^(6)); //Noise factor\n",
+"NF=10*log10(F);// Noise figure in dB\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('Input SNR (in dB) is');\n",
+"disp(Inp_SNR);\n",
+"disp('Output SNR ( in dB) is');\n",
+"disp(SNRout);\n",
+"disp('Noise factor');\n",
+"disp(F);\n",
+"disp('Noise Figure(in dB)');\n",
+"disp(NF);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.2: Noise_voltage.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"T=290;// temperature in kelvin\n",
+"R=60;//resistance in ohms\n",
+"k=1.38*10^(-23);\n",
+"\n",
+"Esquare=4*R*T*k;\n",
+"E=sqrt(Esquare); //noise voltage\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('the noise voltage( in volts) is')\n",
+"disp(E);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.3_A: Noise_Voltage.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"q=1.6*10^(-19);// electron charge\n",
+"Ieq=5;//equivalent shot noise current in uA\n",
+"Bn=8;//bandwidth in MHz\n",
+"Rn=200;\n",
+"Rs=100;//resistance in ohms\n",
+"k=1.38*10^(-23);// boltzman constant\n",
+"T=290;//temperature in K\n",
+"Vs=10// RMS signal source volatage in uV\n",
+"\n",
+"In=sqrt(2*Ieq*q*Bn);\n",
+"\n",
+"Vni=Rs*In;//shot noise voltage \n",
+"\n",
+"Vns=sqrt(4*Rs*k*T*Bn*10^(6));//thermal noise volatge from source\n",
+"\n",
+"//change in answer due to calculation error in book \n",
+"Vne=sqrt(4*Rn*k*T*Bn*10^(6));//noise voltage by equivalent noise resistance\n",
+"\n",
+"Vn=sqrt(Vni^2+Vns^2+Vne^2);// total noise voltage\n",
+"\n",
+"SNR=20*log10(Vs*10^(-6)/Vn);\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('shot noise voltage(in V) is ');\n",
+"disp(Vni);\n",
+"disp('thermal noise voltage from source(in V) is');\n",
+"disp(Vns);\n",
+"disp('noise voltage by equivalent noise resistance(in V) is');\n",
+"disp(Vne);\n",
+"disp('total noise voltage at the input(in V) is');\n",
+"disp(Vn);\n",
+"disp('SNR (in dB) is');\n",
+"disp(SNR);\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+""
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.3: Thermal_Noise_Voltage.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"B=150;// bandwidth in KHz\n",
+"R1=30;\n",
+"R2=60;// both resistors R1 and R2 in K-ohms\n",
+"k=1.38*10^(-23);// boltzman constant\n",
+"T=290; //temperature in Kelvin\n",
+"\n",
+"Esquare=4*R1*10^(3)*k*B*10^(3)*T;\n",
+"E=sqrt(Esquare);\n",
+" \n",
+"disp('series combination Rseries(in K-ohms)=');\n",
+"disp(R1+R2);\n",
+"Eseries=E*sqrt(3);\n",
+"disp('the thermal noise voltage (in volts) is');\n",
+"disp(Eseries);\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('series combination Rseries(in K-ohms)=');\n",
+"disp(R1*R2/(R1+R2));\n",
+"Eparallel=E*sqrt(2/3);\n",
+"disp('the thermal noise voltage (in volts) is');\n",
+"disp(Eparallel);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.4_A: Output_SNR.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"S=4;//number of stages\n",
+"SNR_input=55;//input Signal to Noise ratio in dB\n",
+"\n",
+"SNR_output=SNR_input-10*log10(S);\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('Output SNR( in dB) is');\n",
+"disp(SNR_output);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.4: Shot_Noise.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"Idc=2; //direct current in mA \n",
+"q=1.6*10^(-19); // electron charge\n",
+"B=3; //bandwidth in MHz\n",
+"\n",
+"Isquare=2*Idc*10^(-3)*q*B*10^6;\n",
+"I=sqrt(Isquare); //shot noise component\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('the shot noise component(in amperes) is');\n",
+"disp(I);\n",
+" "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.5_A: Output_SNR.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"F=5; //noise figure in dB\n",
+"SNR_input=55;//Input Signal to noise ratio in dB\n",
+"SNR_output=SNR_input-F;\n",
+"disp('Output SNR (in dB) is');\n",
+"disp(SNR_output);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.5: Output_SNR.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"Np1=60; // Noise-Power ratio of first system in dB\n",
+"Np2=40; // Noise-Power ratio of second system in dB\n",
+"Np3=30; // Noise-Power ratio of third system in dB\n",
+"Np4=50; // Noise-Power ratio of fourth system in dB\n",
+" \n",
+" P1=10^(-6); //power ratio of first system\n",
+" P2=10^(-4); //power ratio of second system\n",
+" P3=10^(-3); //power ratio of third system\n",
+" P4=10^(-5);//power ratio of fourth system\n",
+" \n",
+" SNR=(P1+P2+P3+P4); // Overall Signal to Noise ratio\n",
+" disp('SNR ratio is');\n",
+" disp(SNR);\n",
+" \n",
+" N_final=30; //since SNR is 10^(-3)\n",
+" \n",
+" disp('overall SNR (in dB)is');\n",
+" disp(N_final);\n",
+" \n",
+" disp('the overall SNR is equal to that of the worst system')\n",
+" "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.6_A: Noise_Figure.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"F=16;// Power ratio in dB\n",
+"k=1.38*10^(-23) ;// boltzman constant\n",
+"T=290; //temperature in K\n",
+"B=5; //Bandwidth in MHz\n",
+"\n",
+"P=(F-1)*k*T*B*10^(6);\n",
+"disp(' Amplifier Inout noise power (in watts) is');\n",
+"disp(P);\n",
+" "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.6: Output_SNR.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"N_figure=8 ;//Noise figure in dB\n",
+"SNR_in=45; //Signal to Noise ratio in dB\n",
+"\n",
+"SNR_out=SNR_in-N_figure //output Signal to Noise ratio\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('the Output SNR(in dB) is ');\n",
+"disp(SNR_out);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.7_A: Overall_noise_figure.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"Nf1=7; //Noise figure of first stage in dB\n",
+"F1=5.01; //first power ratio\n",
+"Nf2=25; //Noise figure of second stage in dB\n",
+"F2=316.22; //second power ratio\n",
+"pG=15; //power gain in dB\n",
+"G1=31.62; //power ratio\n",
+"\n",
+"F=F1+(F2-1)/G1;\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('overall noise factor');\n",
+"disp(F);\n",
+"disp('Overall noise factor in dB')\n",
+"disp(10*log10(F)); "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.8_A: Noise_Temperature.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"Nf=15; //noise figure in dB\n",
+"F=31.62;//power ratio\n",
+"T=290; //Temperature in K\n",
+"T_em=(F-1)*T\n",
+"\n",
+"G1=10^(6); //power ratio\n",
+"N_t=80; //Noise temperature in K\n",
+"T_e=N_t+T_em/G1;\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('Noise temperature of receiver (in K)');\n",
+"disp(T_em);\n",
+"\n",
+"// change in answer....the calculation in the book is wrong\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('Overall Noise temperature of receiving system(in K) is');\n",
+"disp(T_e);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.9_A: Noise_Temperature.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"ENR=31.62; //10^(1.5);\n",
+"Y=6.30; //10^(0.8)\n",
+"T=290;//temperature in K\n",
+"T_h=T*(ENR+1);\n",
+"\n",
+"T_e=(T_h-Y*(T))/(Y-1);\n",
+"disp('Equivalent Noise Temperature (in K) is');\n",
+"disp(T_e);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.A: Thermal_Noise_Power.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"T=290;//Temperature in K\n",
+"B=15; //Bandwidth in KHz\n",
+"k=1.38*10^(-23); //Boltzman constant\n",
+"R=60; //resistance in ohms\n",
+"\n",
+"N=k*T*B*10^(3); //Therman Noise Power in watts\n",
+"N_dBm=10*log10(N/0.001);//in dBm\n",
+"\n",
+"Vrms=sqrt(4*R*k*T*B*10^(3));\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('thermal noise power (in watts) is');\n",
+"disp(N);\n",
+"disp('thermal noise power (in dBm) is');\n",
+"disp(N_dBm);\n",
+"disp('RMS noise voltage (in Volts) is');\n",
+"disp(Vrms);"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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