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diff --git a/Analog_Communication_by_V_Chandrasekar/5-Pulse_Modulation.ipynb b/Analog_Communication_by_V_Chandrasekar/5-Pulse_Modulation.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a86a54 --- /dev/null +++ b/Analog_Communication_by_V_Chandrasekar/5-Pulse_Modulation.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +{ +"cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 5: Pulse Modulation" + ] + }, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.A: Sample_and_Hold.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clear;\n", +"clc;\n", +"//('current through the capacitor is i=C(dv/dt)');\n", +"\n", +"t=15; //acquisition time in us\n", +"i=5; //current in mA\n", +"v=5; //maximum voltage across capacitor in V\n", +"\n", +"\n", +"// to satisfy current requirement\n", +"disp('to satisfy current requirement');\n", +"C_current_req=i*t/v;\n", +"disp(C_current_req,'C(nF)=');\n", +"\n", +"//to satisfy accuracy requirement\n", +"disp('to satisfy accuracy requirement');\n", +"\n", +"C_accuracy_req=t/(6.9*15)*1000;// to convert into 'nanoFarad'\n", +"\n", +"disp(C_accuracy_req,'C(nF)=');\n", +"\n", +"disp('to satisfy both requirements,smaller of the two can b taken');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.1: Sampling.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clear;\n", +"clc;\n", +"disp('for 8-KHz sampling,the frequencies present are...(in KHz)');\n", +"\n", +"Fs=8; //sampling frequency\n", +"Fst=3.5 //single tone frequency\n", +"\n", +"disp(Fst);\n", +"disp(-Fst);\n", +"disp(Fs-Fst);\n", +"disp(-(2*Fs+Fst),(2*Fs+Fst),-(Fs+Fst),(Fs+Fst),(Fs-Fst));\n", +"disp('...etc...');\n", +"\n", +"disp('in this case, if the LPF is designed with cut-off frequency(8/2= 4-KHz)');\n", +"disp('then the maximum passable frequency is 3.5-KHz');\n", +"disp('for 5-KHz sampling,the frequencies present are...(in KHz)');\n", +"\n", +"Fs=5;//new sampling frequency\n", +"disp(Fst);\n", +"disp(-Fst);\n", +"disp(Fs-Fst);\n", +"disp(-(2*Fs+Fst),(2*Fs+Fst),-(Fs+Fst),(Fs+Fst),(Fs-Fst));\n", +"disp('...etc...');\n", +"\n", +"disp('in this case, if the LPF is designed with cut-off frequency(5/2=2.5-KHz)');\n", +"disp('then the original signal cant be passed');\n", +"disp('therefore, the signal cant be reconstructed');\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.2_A: Aliasing_Frequency.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;\n", +"clear;\n", +"F_audio=5; //Audio input Frequency in kHz\n", +"\n", +"F_sampling=2*F_audio;\n", +"\n", +"disp(F_sampling,'The Minimum Sampling Frequency (in kHz)');\n", +"\n", +"disp('When the audio Frequency of 6 Khz enters the Sample and Hold circuit');\n", +"disp('it will overlap the audio spectrum, and the alaising frequency is 4 kHz');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.2: Sampling_Rate.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;\n", +"clear;\n", +"\n", +"//x(t)=2sin(4000*pi*t)+3sin(5000*pi*t)+4sin(8000*pi*t)\n", +"\n", +"fh=8000/2;\n", +"fl=4000/2;\n", +"\n", +"disp(fh,'a) Highest Frequency component(in Hz)');\n", +"disp(fl,'Lowest Frequency component(in Hz)');\n", +"\n", +"fs=2*fh;\n", +"disp(fs,' Minimum Sampling frequency(in Hz)');\n", +"\n", +"Bw=fh-fl;\n", +"disp(Bw,' b)Bandwidth(in Hz) is');\n", +"\n", +"n=fh/Bw;\n", +"disp(n,'integer factor');\n", +"\n", +"Fs_new=2*fh/n;\n", +"disp(Fs_new,'Required Sampling frequency in this case(in Hz) is');\n", +"\n", +"" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.3_A: PCM_system.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;\n", +"clear;\n", +"fm=5;// maximum analog frequency in kHz\n", +"Min_dyna_range=35;\n", +"Vr=3; //Voltage in the receiver in V\n", +"\n", +"//a)\n", +"F_sampling=2*fm;\n", +"\n", +"//b)\n", +"n=Min_dyna_range/6;\n", +"k=(Vr-(-Vr)+1);// inclusive of sign bit\n", +"\n", +"//c)\n", +"Resolution=Vr/(2^(7));\n", +"\n", +"//d)\n", +"Max_quant_Error=Resolution/2\n", +"\n", +"disp(F_sampling,'a)Minimum Sampling Rate(in kHz) =');\n", +"disp(n,'b) Minimum dynamic Range is');\n", +"disp(' But Closest whole number is 6. Henc,6 bits must be used for amplitude' );\n", +"disp('But the amplitude range is from -3 to +3 V,hence a sign bit also ');\n", +"disp( k,'becomes necessary..Therefore,the total number of bits');\n", +"disp(Resolution,'c) Resolution(in V) =');\n", +"disp(Max_quant_Error,' d)MAximum Quantization Error (in V) ');" + ] + } +, +{ + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.4_A: Bandwidth_of_PCM_system.sce" + ] + }, + { +"cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], +"source": [ +"clc;\n", +"clear;\n", +"n=16;// Number of telephone lines\n", +"m=256;//Quantization levels\n", +"q=8;// since 2^(q)=256\n", +"\n", +"fs=10;//Sampling frequency in kHz\n", +"\n", +"Bw=[(16*9)+1]*10*10^(3);\n", +"\n", +"disp(Bw,'Bandwidth (in Hz ) is');" + ] + } +], +"metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Scilab", + "language": "scilab", + "name": "scilab" + }, + "language_info": { + "file_extension": ".sce", + "help_links": [ + { + "text": "MetaKernel Magics", + "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" + } + ], + "mimetype": "text/x-octave", + "name": "scilab", + "version": "0.7.1" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |