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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 3: Internal Combustion Engines"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.1: Air_standard_efficiency_and_Indicated_Power_and_Indicated_thermal_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-3, Illustration 1, Page 139\n",
+"//Title: Internal Combustion Engines\n",
+"//=============================================================================\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"\n",
+"//INPUT DATA\n",
+"d=200;//diameter of cylinder in mm\n",
+"L=300;//stroke of cylinder in mm\n",
+"Vc=1.73;//Clearance volume in litres\n",
+"imep=650;//indicated mean effective pressure in kN/(m^2)\n",
+"g=6.2;//gas consumption in (m^3)/h\n",
+"CV=38.5;//Calorific value in MJ/(m^3)\n",
+"y=1.4;//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"N=150;//No. of firing cycles per minute\n",
+"\n",
+"//CALCULATIONS\n",
+"Vs=((3.1415/4)*(d^2)*L)*(10^-6);//Stroke volume in litres\n",
+"Vt=Vs+Vc;//Total volume in litres\n",
+"rv=(Vt/Vc);//Compression ratio\n",
+"n=(1-(1/rv^(y-1)))*100;//Air standard efficiency\n",
+"IP=imep*(Vs*10^-3)*(N/60);//Indicated power in kW\n",
+"F=(g*CV*1000)/3600;//Fuel energy input in kW\n",
+"nT=(IP/F)*100;//Indicated thermal efficiency\n",
+"\n",
+"//OUTPUT\n",
+"mprintf('Air Standard Efficiency is %3.1f percent \n Indicated Power is %3.1f kW \n Indicated thermal efficiency is %3.0f percent',n,IP,nT)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//==============================END OF PROGRAM================================="
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.2: Relative_efficiency_of_engine.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-3, Illustration 2, Page 140\n",
+"//Title: Internal Combustion Engines\n",
+"//=============================================================================\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"\n",
+"//INPUT DATA\n",
+"Vs=0.0008;//Swept volume in m^3\n",
+"Vc=0.00015;//Clearance volume in m^3\n",
+"CV=38;//Calorific value in MJ/(m^3)\n",
+"v=0.45;//volume in m^3\n",
+"IP=81.5;//Indicated power in kW\n",
+"y=1.4;//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"\n",
+"//CALCULATIONS\n",
+"rv=(Vs+Vc)/Vc;//Compression ratio\n",
+"n=(1-(1/rv^(y-1)));//Air standard efficiency\n",
+"Ps=(v*CV*1000)/60;//Power supplied in kW\n",
+"nact=IP/Ps;//Actual efficiency\n",
+"nr=(nact/n)*100;//Relative efficiency\n",
+"\n",
+"//OUTPUT\n",
+"mprintf('Relative Efficiency is %3.2f percent',nr)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//==============================END OF PROGRAM================================="
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.3: EX3_3.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-3, Illustration 3, Page 141\n",
+"//Title: Internal Combustion Engines\n",
+"//=============================================================================\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"\n",
+"//INPUT DATA\n",
+"n=6;//No. of cylinders\n",
+"d=0.61;//Diameter in m\n",
+"L=1.25;//Stroke in m\n",
+"N=2;//No.of revolutions per second\n",
+"m=340;//mass of fuel oil in kg\n",
+"CV=44200;//Calorific value in kJ/kg\n",
+"T=108;//Torque in kN-m\n",
+"imep=775;//Indicated mean efective pressure in kN/(m^2)\n",
+"\n",
+"//CALCULATIONS\n",
+"IP=(imep*L*3.1415*(d^2)*N)/(8);//Indicated power in kW\n",
+"TotalIP=(n*IP);//Total indicated power in kW\n",
+"BP=(2*3.1415*N*T);//Brake power in kW\n",
+"PI=(m*CV)/3600;//Power input in kW\n",
+"nB=(BP/PI)*100;//Brake thermal efficiency\n",
+"bmep=(BP*8)/(n*L*3.1415*(d^2)*2);//Brake mean effective pressure in kN/(m^2)\n",
+"nM=(BP/TotalIP)*100;//Mechanical efficiency\n",
+"bsfc=m/BP;//Brake specific fuel consumption in kg/kWh\n",
+"\n",
+"//OUTPUT\n",
+"mprintf('Total Indicated Power is %3.1f kW \n Brake Power is %3.1f kW \n Brake thermal efficiency is %3.1f percent \n Brake mean effective pressure is %3.1f kN/(m^2) \n Mechanical efficiency is %3.1f percent \n Brake specific fuel consumption is %3.3f kg/kW.h',TotalIP,BP,nB,bmep,nM,bsfc)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//==============================END OF PROGRAM================================="
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.4: EX3_4.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-3, Illustration 4, Page 142\n",
+"//Title: Internal Combustion Engines\n",
+"//=============================================================================\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"\n",
+"//INPUT DATA\n",
+"Hm=21;//Mean height of indicator diagram in mm\n",
+"isn=27;//indicator spring number in kN/(m^2)/mm\n",
+"Vs=14;//Swept volume in litres\n",
+"N=6.6;//Speed of engine in rev/s\n",
+"Pe=77;//Effective brake load in kg\n",
+"Re=0.7;//Effective vrake radius in m\n",
+"mf=0.002;//fuel consumed in kg/s\n",
+"CV=44000;//Calorific value of fuel in kJ/kg\n",
+"mc=0.15;//cooling water circulation in kg/s\n",
+"Ti=311;//cooling water inlet temperature in K\n",
+"To=344;//cooling water outlet temperature in K\n",
+"C=4.18;//specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg-K\n",
+"Ee=33.6;//Energy to exhaust gases in kJ/s\n",
+"g=9.81;//Acceleration due to geravity in m/(s^2)\n",
+"\n",
+"//CALCULATIONS\n",
+"imep=isn*Hm;//Indicated mean efective pressure in kN/(m^2)\n",
+"IP=(imep*Vs*N)/(2000);//Indicated Power in kW\n",
+"BP=(2*3.1415*N*g*Pe*Re)/1000;//Brake Power in kW\n",
+"nM=(BP/IP)*100;//Mechanical efficiency\n",
+"Ef=mf*CV;//Eneergy from fuel in kJ/s\n",
+"Ec=mc*C*(To-Ti);//Energy to cooling water in kJ/s\n",
+"Es=Ef-(BP+Ec+Ee);//Energy to surroundings in kJ/s\n",
+"p=(BP*100)/Ef;//Energy to BP in %\n",
+"q=(Ec*100)/Ef;//Energy to coolant in %\n",
+"r=(Ee*100)/Ef;//Energy to exhaust in %\n",
+"w=(Es*100)/Ef;//Energy to surroundings in %\n",
+"\n",
+"//OUTPUT\n",
+"mprintf('Indicated Power is %3.1f kW \n Brake Power is %3.0f kW \n Mechanical Efficiency is %3.0f percent \n \nENERGY BALANCE                    kJ/s      Percentage \nEnergy from fuel                 %3.0f          100\nEnergy to BP                     %3.0f         %3.0f\nEnergy to coolant                 %3.01f        %3.1f\nEnergy to exhaust                 %3.1f        %3.1f\nEnergy to surroundings, etc       %3.1f        %3.1f',IP,BP,nM,Ef,BP,p,Ec,q,Ee,r,Es,w)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//==============================END OF PROGRAM================================="
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.5: EX3_5.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-3, Illustration 5, Page 143\n",
+"//Title: Internal Combustion Engines\n",
+"//=============================================================================\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"\n",
+"//INPUT DATA\n",
+"t=30;//duration of trial in minutes\n",
+"N=1750;//speed in rpm\n",
+"T=330;//brake torque in Nm\n",
+"m=9.35;//mass of fuel in kg\n",
+"CV=42300;//Calorific value in kJ/kg\n",
+"mj=483;//jacket cooling water circulation in kg\n",
+"Ti=290;//inlet temperature in K\n",
+"T0=350;//outlet temperature in K\n",
+"ma=182;//air consumption in kg\n",
+"Te=759;//exhaust temperature in K\n",
+"Ta=256;//atmospheric temperature in K\n",
+"nM=0.83;//Mechanical efficiency\n",
+"ms=1.25;//mean specific heat capacity of exhaust gas in kJ/kg-K\n",
+"Cw=4.18;//specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg-K\n",
+"\n",
+"//CALCULATIONS\n",
+"BP=(2*3.1415*T*N)/(60*1000);//Brake power in kW\n",
+"sfc=(m*2)/BP;//specific fuel consumption in kg/kWh\n",
+"IP=BP/nM;//Indicated power in kW\n",
+"nIT=((IP*3600)/(m*CV*2))*100;//Indicated thermal efficiency\n",
+"Ef=(m*CV)/t;//Eneergy from fuel in kJ/min\n",
+"EBP=BP*60;//Energy to BP in kJ/min\n",
+"Ec=(mj*Cw*(T0-Ti))/t;//Energy to cooling water in kJ/min\n",
+"Ee=((ma+m)*ms*(Te-Ti))/30;//Energy to exhaust in kJ/min\n",
+"Es=Ef-(EBP+Ec+Ee);//Energy to surroundings in kJ/min\n",
+"\n",
+"//OUTPUT\n",
+"mprintf('Brake power is %3.1f kW \n Specific fuel consumption is %3.3f kg/kWh \n Indicated thermal efficiency is %3.1f percent \n Energy from fuel is %3.0f kJ/min \n Energy to BP is %3.0f kJ/min \n Energy to cooling water is %3.0f kJ/min \n Energy to exhaust is %3.0f kJ/min \n Energy to surroundings is %3.0f kJ/min',BP,sfc,nIT,Ef,EBP,Ec,Ee,Es)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//==============================END OF PROGRAM================================="
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.6: Indicated_power_and_Mechanical_efficiency_of_engine.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-3, Illustration 6, Page 144\n",
+"//Title: Internal Combustion Engines\n",
+"//=============================================================================\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"\n",
+"//INPUT DATA\n",
+"BP0=12;//Brake Power output in kW\n",
+"BP1=40.5;//Brake Power in trial 1 in kW\n",
+"BP2=40.2;//Brake Power in trial 2 in kW\n",
+"BP3=40.1;//Brake Power in trial 3 in kW\n",
+"BP4=40.6;//Brake Power in trial 4 in kW\n",
+"BP5=40.7;//Brake Power in trial 5 in kW\n",
+"BP6=40.0;//Brake Power in trial 6 in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//CALCULATIONS\n",
+"BPALL=BP0+BP6;//Total Brake Power in kW\n",
+"IP1=BPALL-BP1;//Indicated Power in trial 1 in kW\n",
+"IP2=BPALL-BP2;//Indicated Power in trial 2 in kW\n",
+"IP3=BPALL-BP3;//Indicated Power in trial 3 in kW\n",
+"IP4=BPALL-BP4;//Indicated Power in trial 4 in kW\n",
+"IP5=BPALL-BP5;//Indicated Power in trial 5 in kW\n",
+"IP6=BPALL-BP6;//Indicated Power in trial 6 in kW\n",
+"IPALL=IP1+IP2+IP3+IP4+IP5+IP6;//Total Indicated Power in kW\n",
+"nM=(BPALL/IPALL)*100;//Mechanical efficiency\n",
+"\n",
+"//OUTPUT\n",
+"mprintf('Indicated Power of the engine is %3.1f kW \n Mechanical efficiency of the engine is %3.1f percent',IPALL,nM)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//==============================END OF PROGRAM================================="
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.7: Engine_dimensions_and_Brake_power.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-3, Illustration 7, Page 145\n",
+"//Title: Internal Combustion Engines\n",
+"//=============================================================================\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"\n",
+"//INPUT DATA\n",
+"n=2;//No. of cylinders\n",
+"N=4000;//speed of engine in rpm\n",
+"nV=0.77;//Volumetric efficiency\n",
+"nM=0.75;//Mechanical efficiency\n",
+"m=10;//fuel consumed in lit/h\n",
+"g=0.73;//spcific gravity of fuel\n",
+"Raf=18;//air-fuel ratio\n",
+"Np=600;//piston speed in m/min\n",
+"imep=5;//Indicated mean efective pressure in bar\n",
+"R=281;//Universal gas constant in J/kg-K\n",
+"T=288;//Standard temperature in K\n",
+"P=1.013;//Standard pressure in bar\n",
+"\n",
+"//CALCULATIONS\n",
+"L=Np/(2*N);//Piston stroke in m\n",
+"mf=m*g;//mass of fuel in kg/h\n",
+"ma=mf*Raf;//mass of air required in kg/h\n",
+"Va=(ma*R*T)/(P*60*(10^5));//volume of air required in (m^3)/min\n",
+"D=sqrt((2*Va)/(nV*L*N*3.1415));//Diameter in m\n",
+"IP=(2*imep*100*L*3.1415*(D^2)*N)/(4*60);//Indicated Power in kW\n",
+"BP=nV*IP;//Brake Power in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//OUTPUT\n",
+"mprintf('Piston Stroke is %3.3f m \n Bore diameter is %3.4f m \n Brake power is %3.1f kW',L,D,BP)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//==============================END OF PROGRAM================================="
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}