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diff --git a/Principles_Of_Foundation_Engineering_by_B_M_Das/8-Retaining_Walls.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Foundation_Engineering_by_B_M_Das/8-Retaining_Walls.ipynb
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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: Retaining Walls"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1: 1.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//example 8.1\n",
+"clc; funcprot(0);\n",
+"H1=6*tan(10*%pi/180);\n",
+"H2=18;\n",
+"H3=2.75;\n",
+"Gamma1=117;\n",
+"Ka=0.294;//from table\n",
+"H=H1+H2+H3;\n",
+"Pa=1/2*Gamma1*H^2*Ka/1000;\n",
+"Pr=Pa*sin(10*%pi/180);\n",
+"Ph=Pa*cos(10*%pi/180);\n",
+"Mo=Ph*H/3;\n",
+"Sum=0;//sigma Mr\n",
+"S=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5];//section\n",
+"W=[4.05, 1.35, 5.156, 13.01, 1.42];//weight\n",
+"MA=[5.75, 4.67, 6.25, 9.5, 12.5, 12.5];//Moment Arm\n",
+"printf('Section Weight(kip/ft) Moment Arm(ft) Moment (kip-ft/ft)\n');\n",
+"for i=1:5\n",
+"    M(i)=W(i)*MA(i);\n",
+"    Sum=Sum+M(i);\n",
+"    printf('%.2f\t\t %.2f\t\t %.2f\t %.2f\n',S(i),W(i),MA(i),M(i));\n",
+"end\n",
+"FSO=Sum/Mo;\n",
+"if FSO>2 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in overturning with FS=%.2f\n',FSO)\n",
+"end\n",
+"//for sliding\n",
+"phi2=18*%pi/180;\n",
+"V=24.986;\n",
+"B=12.5;\n",
+"c2=0.9;\n",
+"FSS=(V*tan(2/3*phi2)+B*2/3*c2)/Ph;\n",
+"if FSS>2 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in sliding with FS=%.2f\n',FSS)\n",
+"end\n",
+"//for bearing\n",
+"e=B/2-(Sum-Mo)/V;\n",
+"qtoe=V/B*(1+6*e/B);\n",
+"Nc=13.1;\n",
+"Nq=5.26;\n",
+"Ny=4.07;\n",
+"D=0.107;\n",
+"Gamma2=4;\n",
+"B1=B-2*e;//Bdash\n",
+"q=Gamma2*D\n",
+"Fcd=1+0.4*D/B1;\n",
+"Fqd=1+2*tan(phi2)*(1-sin(phi2))^2*(D/B1);\n",
+"Fyd=1;\n",
+"zi=atan(Ph/V);\n",
+"Fci=(1-zi/%pi*2)^2;\n",
+"Fqi=Fci;\n",
+"Fyi=round((1-zi/phi2)^2);\n",
+"qu=c2*Nc*Fcd*Fci+q*Nq*Fqd*Fqi+1/2*Gamma2*B1*Fyd*Fyi;\n",
+"FSB=qu/qtoe;\n",
+"if FSB>3 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in bearing with FS=%.2f\n\n',FSB)\n",
+"end\n",
+"disp('slight changes due to round off error')\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2: 2.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//example 8.2\n",
+"clc; funcprot(0);\n",
+"c=0.9;\n",
+"B=12.5;\n",
+"Gamma2=4;\n",
+"Fcd=1.138;\n",
+"Fqd=1.107;\n",
+"Nc=7.5;\n",
+"Nq=4;\n",
+"Ny=0;\n",
+"q=0.428;\n",
+"qtoe=2.44;\n",
+"qu=c*Nc*Fcd+q*Nq*Fqd+1/2*Gamma2*B*Ny;\n",
+"FSB=qu/qtoe;\n",
+"if FSB>3 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in bearing with FS=%.2f\n\n',FSB)\n",
+"end\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3: 3.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//example 8.3\n",
+"clc; funcprot(0);\n",
+"Msum=0;//sum of moment\n",
+"Vsum=0;//sum of force\n",
+"H=15+2.5;//Hdash\n",
+"phi=30*%pi/180;\n",
+"Gamma=121;\n",
+"Ka=(tan(%pi/4-phi/2))^2;\n",
+"Pa=1/2*Gamma*H^2*Ka/1000;\n",
+"Ph=Pa;\n",
+"Mo=Ph*H/3;\n",
+"AN=[1,2,3,4,5,6];//area number\n",
+"W=[0.9,3.375,5.906,3.863,4.764,2.723];//weight\n",
+"MA=[1.783,2.8,5.3,5.15,7.05,9.55];//moment arm\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('AreaNo Weight(kip/ft) Moment Arm(ft) Moment (kip-ft/ft)\n');\n",
+"for i=1:6\n",
+"    M(i)=W(i)*MA(i);\n",
+"    Vsum=Vsum+W(i);\n",
+"    Msum=Msum+M(i);\n",
+"    printf('%.2f\t\t %.2f\t\t %.2f\t %.2f\n',AN(i),W(i),MA(i),M(i));\n",
+"end\n",
+"FSO=Msum/Mo;\n",
+"if FSO>2 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in overturning with FS=%.2f\n',FSO)\n",
+"end\n",
+"//for sliding\n",
+"phi2=20*%pi/180;\n",
+"V=Vsum\n",
+"B=10.3;\n",
+"c2=1.0;\n",
+"FSS=(V*tan(2/3*phi2)+B*2/3*c2)/Ph;\n",
+"printf('safe in sliding with FS=%.2f\n',FSS)\n",
+"e=B/2-(Msum-Mo)/V;\n",
+"qtoe=V/B*(1+6*e/B);\n",
+"disp(qtoe,'soil pressure at toe in kip/ft^2')\n",
+"qheel=V/B*(1-6*e/B);\n",
+"disp(qheel,'soil pressure at heel in kip/ft^2')\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4: 4.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//example 8.4\n",
+"clc; funcprot(0);\n",
+"Msum=0;//sum of moment\n",
+"Vsum=0;//sum of force\n",
+"H=5+1.5;//Hdash\n",
+"phi=32*%pi/180;\n",
+"Gamma=18.5;\n",
+"Ka=0.424;\n",
+"Pa=1/2*Gamma*H^2*Ka;\n",
+"Ph=Pa*cos(15*%pi/180+2/3*phi);\n",
+"Mo=Ph*H/3;\n",
+"AN=[1,2,3,4,5];//area number\n",
+"A=[4.36, 3.42, 0.77, 2.8, 2.8];//area\n",
+"W=[102.81, 80.64, 18.16, 66.02, 93.14];//weight\n",
+"MA=[2.18, 1.37, 0.98, 1.75, 2.83];//moment arm\n",
+"printf('AreaNo Area(m^2) Weight(kN/m) Momwnt Arm(m) Moment (kN-m/m)\n');\n",
+"for i=1:5\n",
+"    M(i)=W(i)*MA(i);\n",
+"    Vsum=Vsum+W(i);\n",
+"    Msum=Msum+M(i);\n",
+"    printf('%.2f\t\t %.2f\t %.2f\t\t %.2f\t %.2f\n',AN(i),A(i),W(i),MA(i),M(i));\n",
+"end\n",
+"FSO=Msum/Mo;\n",
+"if FSO>2 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in overturning with FS=%.2f\n',FSO)\n",
+"end\n",
+"//for sliding\n",
+"phi2=24*%pi/180;\n",
+"V=Vsum\n",
+"B=3.5;\n",
+"c2=30;\n",
+"Pp=1/2*2.37*18*1.5^2+2*30*1.54*1.5;\n",
+"FSS=(V*tan(2/3*phi2)+B*2/3*c2+Pp)/Ph;\n",
+"printf('safe in sliding with FS=%.2f\n',FSS)\n",
+"disp('if Pp is ignored then FS=1.37');\n",
+"e=B/2-(Msum-Mo)/V;\n",
+"qtoe=V/B*(1+6*e/B);\n",
+"disp(qtoe,'soil pressure at toe in kN/m^2')\n",
+"qheel=V/B*(1-6*e/B);\n",
+"disp(qheel,'soil pressure at heel in kN/m^2')\n",
+"disp('there is difference in answer due to rounding off error')\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.5: 5.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//example 8.5\n",
+"clc; funcprot(0);\n",
+"//from graph\n",
+"D15=0.04;\n",
+"D50=0.13;\n",
+"D85=0.25;\n",
+"printf('grain size  from grain size distribution D15B in mm =%.2f, D85B in mm = %.2f, D50B in mm = %.2f\n',D15,D85,D50);"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.6: 6.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//example 8.6\n",
+"clc; funcprot(0);\n",
+"Sv=2;\n",
+"Sh=3;\n",
+"w=3/12;\n",
+"fy=35000*144;\n",
+"FSb=3;\n",
+"pi=%pi;\n",
+"phi=36*pi/180;\n",
+"Gamma1=105;\n",
+"H=30;\n",
+"t=Gamma1*H*Sv*Sh*FSb/w/fy*(tan(pi/4-phi/2))^2;\n",
+"t=t*12;\n",
+"disp(t,'thiskness in inches');\n",
+"t=t+0.001*50;\n",
+"disp('so take thickness=0.2 inches');\n",
+"//for tie length\n",
+"z=[5,10,15,20,25,30];\n",
+"TL=[38.45, 35.89, 33.34, 30.79, 28.25, 25.7];//tie length\n",
+"printf('z(ft)\t Tie Length (ft)\n');\n",
+"for i=1:6\n",
+"    printf('%.2f\t %.2f\n', z(i),TL(i))\n",
+"end\n",
+"disp('use tie length=40ft')\n",
+"//check for over turning\n",
+"\n",
+"z=30/3;\n",
+"x1=20;\n",
+"L=40;\n",
+"Ka=0.26;\n",
+"Pa=1/2*Gamma1*Ka*H^2;\n",
+"W1=Gamma1*H*L;\n",
+"FSO=W1*x1/(Pa*z);\n",
+"disp(FSO,'factor of safety is');\n",
+"disp('since FS>3 structure is safe')\n",
+"//check for sliding\n",
+"k=2/3;\n",
+"Pa=12285;\n",
+"FSS=W1*tan(k*phi)/Pa;\n",
+"if FSS>3 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in sliding with FS=%.2f\n',FSS)\n",
+"end\n",
+"//check for bearing\n",
+"Mr=126000*20;\n",
+"Mo=12285*10;\n",
+"V=126000;\n",
+"e=L/2-Mr/V+Mo/V;\n",
+"L1=L-2*e;//Ldash\n",
+"c2=1000;\n",
+"Nc=25.8;\n",
+"Gamma2=110;\n",
+"Ny=16.72;\n",
+"qult=c2*Nc+1/2*Gamma2*L1*Ny\n",
+"sigma0=Gamma1*H;\n",
+"FSB=qult/sigma0;\n",
+"if FSB>5 then\n",
+"    printf('safe in bearing with FS=%.2f\n\n',FSB)\n",
+"end\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.7: 7.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//example 8.7\n",
+"clc; funcprot(0);\n",
+"pi=%pi;\n",
+"phi=36*pi/180;\n",
+"Ka=(tan(pi/4-phi/2))^2;\n",
+"z=[8, 12, 16];\n",
+"sigmaG=80*12;\n",
+"Gamma1=110;\n",
+"FS=1.5;\n",
+"for i=1:3\n",
+"    Sv(i)=sigmaG/Gamma1/z(i)/Ka/FS*12;\n",
+"    printf('for z=%.2f ft Sv = %.2f inches\n',z(i),Sv(i));\n",
+"end\n",
+"z=[16,56,76,96,112,144,176];\n",
+"zf=z/12;//z in ft\n",
+"Sv=[1.67,1.67,1.67,1.67,1.33,1.33,1.33];\n",
+"k=[7.48,5.78,4.93,4.08,3.4,2.04,0.68];//0.51(H-z)\n",
+"printf('z(in)    z(ft)  Sv(ft)  0.51(H-z)(ft)  0.438Sv(ft) L(ft) \n')\n",
+"for i=1:7\n",
+"    k2(i)=0.438*Sv(i);//0.438Sv\n",
+"    L(i)=k(i)+k2(i);\n",
+"    printf('%.2f\t %.2f\t %.2f\t %.2f\t\t %.2f\t   %.2f\n',z(i),zf(i),Sv(i),k(i),k2(i),L(i));\n",
+"end\n",
+"Sv=20/12;\n",
+"Ka=0.26;\n",
+"FS=1.5;\n",
+"l1=Sv*Ka*FS/4/tan(2/3*phi);\n",
+"if l1<3 then\n",
+"    l1=3;\n",
+"    disp(l1,'length in ft')\n",
+"end\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}