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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 1: Introduction Economics of Power Generation"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.10: Load_factor_and_capacity_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clf()\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"t1x=[0,6]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t2x=[6,12]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t3=[12,14]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t4=[14,18]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t5=[18,24]//Time range in hours\n",
+"L=[30,90,60,100,50]//Load in MW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"t1=[0,6,6,12,12,14,14,18,18,24,24]//Time in hours for Load curve\n",
+"L1=[30,30,90,90,60,60,100,100,50,50,0]//Load in MW for Load curve\n",
+"t2=[0,4,4,10,10,12,12,18,18,24,24]//Time in hours for Load duration curve\n",
+"L2=[100,100,90,90,60,60,50,50,30,30,24]//Load in MW for Load duration curve\n",
+"E=((L(1)*(t1x(2)-t1x(1)))+(L(2)*(t2x(2)-t2x(1)))+(L(3)*(t3(2)-t3(1)))+(L(4)*(t4(2)-t4(1)))+(L(5)*(t5(2)-t5(1))))//Energy generated in MWh\n",
+"AL=E/24//Average load in MW\n",
+"MD=max(L(1),L(2),L(3),L(4),L(5))//Maximum demand in MW\n",
+"LF=(AL/MD)//Load factor\n",
+"Lx=[30,10]//Loads for selecting suitable generating units in MW\n",
+"tx=[24,18,10,4]//Time for selecting suitable generating units in hrs\n",
+"PC=(Lx(1)*tx(4)+Lx(2)*1)//Plant capacity in MW\n",
+"CF=(E/(PC*24))//Capacity factor \n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"subplot(221)\n",
+"plot(t1,L1)//Load curve taking Time in hrs on X- axis and Load in MW on Y- axis\n",
+"xtitle('Load curve','Time hrs','Load MW')\n",
+"subplot(222)\n",
+"plot(t2,L2)//Load duration curve taking Time in hrs on X- axis and Load in MW on Y- axis\n",
+"xtitle('Load duration curve','Time hrs','Load MW')\n",
+"printf('(c)Suitable generating units to supply the load are\ni)One unit of %3.0f MW will run for %3.0f hours\nii)One unit of %3.0f MW will run for %3.0f hours\niii)One unit of %3.0f MW will run for %3.0f hours\niv)One unit of %3.0f MW will run for %3.0f hours\n\n(d)Load factor is %3.2f\n\n(e)Capacity of the plant is %3.0f MW and Capacity factor is %3.3f',Lx(1),tx(1),Lx(1),tx(2),Lx(1),tx(3),Lx(2),tx(4),LF,PC,CF)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.11: Overall_cost.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=10//Capacity of generating unit in MW\n",
+"MD=[6,3.6,0.4]//Maximum demand for domestic consumers, industrial consumers and street-lighting load respectively in MW\n",
+"L=[0.2,0.5,0.3]//Load factor for domestic consumers, industrial consumers and street-lighting load respectively\n",
+"CC=10000//Capital cost of the plant per kW in Rs\n",
+"RC=3600000//Total rumming cost per year in Rs\n",
+"AID=10//Annual interest and depreciation on capital cost in percent\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"E=((MD(1)*L(1))+(MD(2)*L(2))+(MD(3)*L(3)))*Y*1000//Energy supplied per year to all three consumers in kWh\n",
+"OC=(RC/E)//Operating charges per kWh in Rs\n",
+"CCP=(C*1000*CC)//capital cost of the plant in Rs\n",
+"FCY=((AID/100)*CCP)//Fixed charges per year in Rs\n",
+"FCkW=(FCY/CC)//Fixed charges per kW in Rs\n",
+"//a) For domestic consumers\n",
+"TC1=((FCkW*MD(1)*1000)+(OC*MD(1)*L(1)*Y*1000))//Total chrges in Rs\n",
+"OC1=(TC1/(MD(1)*L(1)*Y*1000))*100//Overall cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"//b)For industrial consumers\n",
+"TC2=((FCkW*MD(2)*1000)+(OC*MD(2))*L(2)*Y*1000)//Total chrges in Rs\n",
+"OC2=(TC2/(MD(2)*L(2)*Y*1000))*100//Overall cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"//c) For street-lighting load\n",
+"TC3=((FCkW*MD(3)*1000)+(OC*MD(3))*L(3)*Y*1000)//Total chrges in Rs\n",
+"OC3=(TC3/(MD(3)*L(3)*Y*1000))*100//Overall cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Overall cost of energy per kWh for:\n(a)Domestic consumers is %3.0f paise\n(b)Industrial consumers is %3.0f paise\n(c)Street-lighting load is %3.0f paise',OC1,OC2,OC3)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.12: Amount_of_money_saved.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"CC=(80*10^6)//Capital cost in Rs\n",
+"L=30//Useful life in years\n",
+"S=5//Salvage value of the capital cost in percent\n",
+"i=0.06//Yearly rate of compound interest\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"A=((100-S)/100)*CC//Difference of capital cost and salvage value in Rs\n",
+"P=((A*i)/((1+i)^L-1))//The amount of money to be saved annually in Rs\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The amount of money to be saved annually is Rs.%3.0f/-',P)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.13: Present_worth_of_the_payments.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"i=4000//Initial investment in Rs crore\n",
+"Y=4//Period in years\n",
+"A=1200//Amount added in Rs crore\n",
+"B=400//Amount paid from 5th year onwards to the 12th year in Rs crore\n",
+"a=5//5th year\n",
+"b=12//12th year\n",
+"y=30//Period in years\n",
+"C=600//Salvage value in Rs crore\n",
+"I=0.1//Interest rate \n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"X=(1/(1+I))//X value for calculations\n",
+"PW=(i+(A*X^Y)+((B/I)*X^b*((I+1)^b-1))-((B/I)*X^a*((I+1)^a-1))-(C*X^y))//Present worth of the payments at the time of commissioning in Rs. crores\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Present worth of the payments at the time of commissioning is Rs.%3.2f crores',PW)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.14: Increamental_heat_rate.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"O=1000//Combined output of two units in MW\n",
+"//Two coal generating units P and Q have the incremental heat rate defined by\n",
+"//(IR)P=0.4818*10^-7.LP^4 - 0.9089*10^-4.LP^3 + 0.6842*10^-1.LP^2 - 0.2106*10.LP + 9860\n",
+"//(IR)R=0.9592*10^-7.LQ^4 - 0.7811*10^-4.LQ^3 + 0.2625*10^-1.LQ^2 - 0.2189*10.LQ + 9003\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"//LP+LQ=1000\n",
+"//By making (IR)P=(IR)Q and solving the above three equations by a numerical methos such as Newton-Raphson algorithm, we get \n",
+"LP=732.5//Heat rate in MW\n",
+"LQ=(O-LP)//Heat rate in MW\n",
+"IR=0.4818*10^-7*LP^4 - 0.9089*10^-4*LP^3 + 0.6842*10^-1*LP^2 - 0.2106*100*LP + 9860\n",
+"IR1=0.9592*10^-7*LQ^4 - 0.7811*10^-4*LQ^3 + 0.2625*10^-1*LQ^2 - 0.2189*10*LQ + 9003\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Incremental heat transfer rate at which the combined output of the two units is %3.0f MW is IR = (IR)P = (IR)Q = %i kJ/kWh',O,IR)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.15: Cost_of_electrical_energy.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"F=2700//Fixed cost of the thermal station per kW of installed capacity per year in Rs,\n",
+"FO=40//Fuel and operating costs per kWh generated in paise\n",
+"L=[100,75,50,25]//Load factors\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"FC=(F/Y)*100//Fixed costs per kW per hour in paise\n",
+"E1=(L(1)/100)//Energy produced in 1 hr with 1 kW plant in kWh\n",
+"FOC1=(E1*FO)//Fuel and operating cost in paise\n",
+"TC1=(FC+FOC1)//Total cost per hr in paise\n",
+"C1=(TC1/E1)//Cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"E2=(L(2)/100)//Energy produced in 1 hr with 1 kW plant in kWh\n",
+"FOC2=(E2*FO)//Fuel and operating cost in paise\n",
+"TC2=(FC+FOC2)//Total cost per hr in paise\n",
+"C2=(TC2/E2)//Cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"E3=(L(3)/100)//Energy produced in 1 hr with 1 kW plant in kWh\n",
+"FOC3=(E3*FO)//Fuel and operating cost in paise\n",
+"TC3=(FC+FOC3)//Total cost per hr in paise\n",
+"C3=(TC3/E3)//Cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"E4=(L(4)/100)//Energy produced in 1 hr with 1 kW plant in kWh\n",
+"FOC4=(E4*FO)//Fuel and operating cost in paise\n",
+"TC4=(FC+FOC4)//Total cost per hr in paise\n",
+"C4=(TC4/E4)//Cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('==============================================================================\nLoad      Energy produced    Fixed cost   Fuel and       Total cost     Cost per\nfactor    in 1hr with        per hr      operating cost    per hr        kWh\n(percent) 1kW plant(kWh)    (paise)        (paise)        (paise)        (paise)\n==============================================================================\n%3.0f          %3.0f               %3.0f            %3.0f            %3.0f          %3.0f\n%3.0f          %3.2f              %3.0f            %3.0f            %3.0f          %3.0f\n%3.0f          %3.2f              %3.0f            %3.0f            %3.0f          %3.0f\n%3.0f          %3.2f              %3.0f            %3.0f            %3.0f          %3.0f\n==============================================================================',L(1),E1,FC,FOC1,TC1,C1,L(2),E2,FC,FOC2,TC2,C2,L(3),E3,FC,FOC3,TC3,C3,L(4),E4,FC,FOC4,TC4,C4)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.1: Load_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clf()\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=30//Capacity in MW\n",
+"M=70//Loads are taken above 70 MW\n",
+"t1=[0,6]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t2=[6,10]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t3=[10,12]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t4=[12,16]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t5=[16,20]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t6=[20,22]//Time range in hours\n",
+"t7=[22,24]//Time range in hours\n",
+"L=[30,70,90,60,100,80,60]//Load in MW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"E=((L(1)*(t1(2)-t1(1)))+(L(2)*(t2(2)-t2(1)))+(L(3)*(t3(2)-t3(1)))+(L(4)*(t4(2)-t4(1)))+(L(5)*(t5(2)-t5(1)))+(L(6)*(t6(2)-t6(1)))+(L(7)*(t7(2)-t7(1))))//Energy generated in MWh\n",
+"AL=(E/24)//Average load in MW\n",
+"PL=max(L(1),L(2),L(3),L(4),L(5),L(6),L(7))//Peak load in MW\n",
+"LF=(AL/PL)//Load factor of the plant\n",
+"E1=((L(3)-M)*(t3(2)-t3(1)))+((L(5)-M)*(t5(2)-t5(1)))+((L(6)-M)*(t6(2)-t6(1)))//Energy generated if the load above 70 MW is supplied by a standby unit of 30 MW capacity in MWh\n",
+"T=(t3(2)-t3(1))+(t5(2)-t5(1))+(t6(2)-t6(1))//Time during which the standby unit remains in operation in h\n",
+"AL1=(E1/T)//Average load in MW\n",
+"LF1=(AL1/C)//Load factor \n",
+"U=(E1/(C*T))//Use factor\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"t=[0,0,6,6,10,10,12,12,16,16,20,20,22,22,24,24]//Time for plotting load curve in hours\n",
+"l=[0,30,30,70,70,90,90,60,60,100,100,80,80,60,60,0]//Load for plotting load curve in MW\n",
+"plot(t,l)//Load curve taking Time in hours on X-axis and Load in MW on Y- axis\n",
+"xtitle('Load Curve','Time hours','Load MW');\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('(a)Load factor of the plant is %3.2f\n(b)Load factor of a standby equipment of %3.0f capacity if it takes up all the loads above %3.0f MW is %3.2f\n(c)Use factor is %3.2f',LF,C,M,LF1,U)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.2: Average_load.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=60//Peak load on power plant in MW\n",
+"L=[30,20,10,14]//Loads having maximum demands in MW\n",
+"C=80//Capacity of the power plant in MW\n",
+"A=0.5//Annual load factor\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"AL=(P*A)//Average load in MW\n",
+"E=(AL*1000*Y)/10^6//Energy supplied per year in kWh*10^6\n",
+"DF=(P/(L(1)+L(2)+L(3)+L(4)))//Demand factor \n",
+"DIF=((L(1)+L(2)+L(3)+L(4))/P)//Diversity factor\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The average load on the power plant is %3.0f MW \n(b) The energy supplied per year is %3.1f *10^6 kWh \n(c) Demand factor is %3.3f \n(d) Diversity factor is %3.3f',AL,E,DF,DIF)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.3: Annual_Revenue.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=210//Capacity of thermal power plant in MW\n",
+"P=160//Maximum load in MW\n",
+"L=0.6//Annual load factor \n",
+"m=1//Coal consumption per kWh of energy generated\n",
+"Rs=450//Cost of coal in Rs per tonne\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"AL=(L*P)//Average load in MW\n",
+"E=(AL*Y)//Energy generated per year in MWh\n",
+"CL=(E*1000)//Coal required per year in kg\n",
+"CY=(E*Rs)//Cost of coal per year\n",
+"CE=CL//Cost of energy sold in Rs\n",
+"RY=(CE-CY)/10^7//Revenue earned by the power plant per year in Rs crore\n",
+"CF=(AL/C)//Capacity factor\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The annual revenue earned by the power plant is Rs %3.2f crore \n(b) Capacity factor is %3.3f',RY,CF)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.4: Annual_energy.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"L=0.75//Load factor\n",
+"C=0.60//Capacity factor\n",
+"U=0.65//Use factor\n",
+"M=60//Maximum power demand in MW\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"A=(L*M)//Average load in MW\n",
+"P=((A*1000)*Y)/10^6//Annual energy production in kWh *10^6\n",
+"PC=(A/C)//Plant capacity in MW\n",
+"R=(PC-M)//Reserve capacity in MW\n",
+"HIO=(P*1000/(U*PC))//Hours in operation in hrs\n",
+"NH=(Y-HIO)//Hours not in service in a year in hrs\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Annual energy production is %3.1f * 10^6 kWh \n(b) Reserve capacity over and above the peak load is %3.0f MW \n(c) The hours during which the plant is not in service per year is %3.0f hrs',P,R,NH)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.5: Overall_cost.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"D=500//Maximum demand in MW\n",
+"L=0.7//Load factor \n",
+"//1)Steam power plant 2)Hydroelectric power plant 3)Nuclear power plant\n",
+"CC=[3,4,5]//Capital cost per MW installed in Rs. crore\n",
+"I=[6,5,5]//Interest in percent\n",
+"D=[6,4,5]//Depreciation in percent\n",
+"OP=[30,5,15]//Operating cost (including fuel) per kWh\n",
+"TD=[2,3,2]//Transmission and distribution cost per kWh\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"//1)Steam power plant\n",
+"CCX=(CC(1)*D*10^7)//Capital cost in Rs\n",
+"IX=((I(1)/100)*CCX)//Interest in Rs\n",
+"DX=((D(1)/100)*CCX)//Depreciation in Rs\n",
+"AFCX=IX+DX//Annual fixed cost in Rs\n",
+"EX=(L*D*1000*Y)//Energy generated per year in kWh\n",
+"RX=(OP(1)+TD(1))//Running cost/kWh in paise\n",
+"OX=((AFCX/EX)+(RX/100))*100//Overall cost/kWh in paise\n",
+"\n",
+"//2)Hydroelectric Power plant\n",
+"CCY=(CC(2)*D*10^7)//Capital cost in Rs\n",
+"IY=((I(2)/100)*CCY)//Interest in Rs\n",
+"DY=((D(2)/100)*CCY)//Depreciation in Rs\n",
+"AFCY=IY+DY//Annual fixed cost in Rs\n",
+"EY=(L*D*1000*Y)//Energy generated per year in kWh\n",
+"RY=(OP(2)+TD(2))//Running cost/kWh in paise\n",
+"OY=((AFCY/EY)+(RY/100))*100//Overall cost/kWh in paise\n",
+"\n",
+"//3)Nuclear power plant\n",
+"CCZ=(CC(3)*D*10^7)//Capital cost in Rs\n",
+"IZ=((I(3)/100)*CCZ)//Interest in Rs\n",
+"DZ=((D(3)/100)*CCZ)//Depreciation in Rs\n",
+"AFCZ=IZ+DZ//Annual fixed cost in Rs\n",
+"EZ=(L*D*1000*Y)//Energy generated per year in kWh\n",
+"RZ=(OP(3)+TD(3))//Running cost/kWh in paise\n",
+"OZ=((AFCZ/EZ)+(RZ/100))*100//Overall cost/kWh in paise\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(i)Overall cost per kWh in Steam power plant is %3.0f paise \n(ii)Overall cost per kWh in Hydroelectric power plant is %3.0f paise \n(iii)Overall cost per kWh in Nuclear power plant is %3.0f paise',OX,OY,OZ)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.6: Cost_of_power_generation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=210//Capacity in MW\n",
+"ID=12//Interest and depreciation in percent\n",
+"CC=18000//Capital cost/kW installed in Rs\n",
+"L=0.6//Annual load factor\n",
+"AC=0.54//Annual capacity factor\n",
+"RC=(200*10^6)//Annual running charges in Rs\n",
+"E=6//Energy consumed by power plant auxiliaries in percent\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"MD=(C/L)*AC//Maximum demand in MW\n",
+"RSC=(C-MD)//Reserve Capacity in MW\n",
+"AL=(L*MD)//Average load in MW\n",
+"EP=(AL*1000*Y)//Energy produced per year in kWh\n",
+"NE=((100-E)/100)*EP//Net energy delivered in kWh\n",
+"AID=((ID/100)*CC*C*1000)//Annual interest and depreciation in Rs\n",
+"T=(AID+RC)//Total annual cost in Rs\n",
+"CP=(T/NE)*100//Cost of power generation in paise\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The cost of power generation per kWh is %3.0f paise \n(b) The reserve capacity is %3.0f MW',CP,RSC)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.7: Economic_loading.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"L=200//The total load supplied by the plants in MW\n",
+"//The incremental fuel costs for generating units a and b of power plant are given by\n",
+"//dFa/dPa=0.065Pa+25\n",
+"//dFb/dPb=0.08Pa+20\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"//Solving two equations\n",
+"//Pa+Pb=200\n",
+"//0.065Pa+25=0.08Pb+20\n",
+"A=[1 1\n",
+"   0.065 -0.08]//Coefficient matrix\n",
+"B=[L\n",
+"   (20-25)]//Constant matrix\n",
+"X=inv(A)*B//Variable matrix\n",
+"P=100//If load is shared equally then Pa=Pb=100MW\n",
+"a=(((0.065*P^2)/2)+(25*P))-(((0.065*X(1)^2)/2)+(25*X(1)))//increase in fuel cost for unit a in Rs. per hour\n",
+"b=(((0.08*P^2)/2)+(20*P))-(((0.08*X(2)^2)/2)+(20*X(2)))//increase in fuel cost for unit a in Rs. per hour\n",
+"x=a+b//Net increase in fuel cost due to departure from economic distribution of load in Rs. per hour\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The economic loading of two units when the total load supplied by the power plants is 200 MW are %3.2f MW and %3.2f MW\n(b)The loss in fuel cost per hour if the load is equally shared by both units is Rs.%3.2f per hour',X(1),X(2),x)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.8: Cost_of_power_generation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=200//Installed capacity of the plant in MW\n",
+"CC=400//Capital cost in Rs crores\n",
+"ID=12//Rate of interest and depreciation in percent\n",
+"AC=5//Annual cost of fuel, salaries and taxation in Rs. crores\n",
+"L=0.5//Load factor\n",
+"AL2=0.6//Raised Annual load\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"AvL=(C*L)//Average Load in MW\n",
+"E=(AvL*1000*Y)//Energy generated per year in kWh\n",
+"IDC=((ID/100)*CC*10^7)//Interest and depreciation (fixed cost) in Rs\n",
+"T=(IDC+(AC*10^7))//Total annual cost in Rs\n",
+"CP1=(T/E)*100//Cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"AvL2=(C*AL2)//Average Load in MW\n",
+"E2=(AvL2*1000*Y)//Energy generated per year in kWh\n",
+"CP2=(T/E2)*100//Cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"S=((CP1)-(CP2))//Saving in cost per kWh in paise\n",
+"S1=ceil(S)//Rounding off to next higher integer\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Cost of generation per kWh is %3.0f paise \n Saving in cost per kWh if the annual load factor is raised to 60 percent is %3.0f paise',CP1,S1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.9: Load_factor_and_capacity_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=300//Capacity of power plant in MW\n",
+"MXD=240//Maximum demand in MW in a year\n",
+"MND=180//Minimum demand in MW in a year\n",
+"//Assuming the load duration curve shown in Figure E1.9 on page no 30 to be straight line\n",
+"Y=8760//Number of hours in a year of 365 days\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"E=((MND*Y)+0.5*(MXD-MND)*Y)*1000//Energy supplied per year in kWh\n",
+"AL=(E/Y)//Average load in kW\n",
+"L=((AL/1000)/MXD)//Load factor\n",
+"CF=((AL/1000)*Y)/(C*Y)//Capacity factor\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Load factor is %3.3f \n(b) Capacity factor is %3.2f',L,CF)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/10-Hydroelecric_power_plant.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/10-Hydroelecric_power_plant.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b857257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/10-Hydroelecric_power_plant.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 10: Hydroelecric power plant"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.10: Blade_angles.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"gh=35//Gross head in m\n",
+"md=2//Mean diameter in m\n",
+"N=145//Speed in rpm\n",
+"a=30//Angle in degrees\n",
+"oa=28//Outlet angle in degrees\n",
+"x=7//Percentage of gross head lost\n",
+"y=8//Reduction in relative velocity in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"H=((100-x)/100)*gh//Net haed in m\n",
+"V1=sqrt(2*9.81*H)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=(3.14*md*N)/60//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=((V1*sind(a))/sind(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=((100-y)/100)*Vr1//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vw1=(V1*cosd(a))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vw2=(Vb-(Vr2*cosd(oa)))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"E=((Vb*(Vw1-Vw2))/9.81)//Workdone in kg.m/kg\n",
+"nb=(E/gh)*100//Hydraulic efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Blade angle at inlet is %3.0f degrees \n Hydraulic efficiency is %3.0f percent',b1,nb)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.11: Speed_and_diameter.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=10000//Power in kW\n",
+"h=12//Head in m\n",
+"Nr=2//Speed ratio\n",
+"Fr=0.65//Flow ratio\n",
+"x=0.3//Diameter of hub is 0.3 times the eternal diameter of the vane \n",
+"on=94//Overall efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Q=(P/(9.81*h*(on/100)))//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"Vr1=(Fr*sqrt(2*9.81*h))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Ab=(Q/Vr1)//Area of flow in m^2\n",
+"D=sqrt(((Ab*4)/3.14)/(1-x^2))//Diameter of runner in m\n",
+"Vb=(Nr*sqrt(2*9.81*h))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"N=((Vb*60)/(3.14*D))//Speed in rpm\n",
+"f=50//Taking frequency as 50 Hz\n",
+"p=(120*50)/N//Number of poles\n",
+"N1=(120*f)/int(p)//Speed in rpm\n",
+"Ns=(N1*sqrt(P))/h^(5/4)//Specific speed\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the speed is %3.1f rpm \n (b) the diameter of the runner is %3.2f m \n (c) the specific speed is %3.0f',N1,D,Ns)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.12: Specific_speed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=10000//Power in kW\n",
+"h=25//Head in m. In textbook it is given wrong as 2 m\n",
+"N=135//Speed in rpm\n",
+"h1=20//Head in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Ns=((N*sqrt(P))/h^(5/4))//Specific speed\n",
+"N1=sqrt(h1/h)*N//Speed in rpm\n",
+"P2=P/(h/h1)^(3/2)//Power in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Specific speed is %3.1f \n Normal speed is %3.1f rpm \n Output under a head of %i m is %3.0f kW',Ns,N1,h1,P2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.13: Number_of_turbines.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Q=175//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"h=18//Head in meter\n",
+"N=150//Speed in rpm\n",
+"oe=82//Overall efficiency in percent\n",
+"Ns1=460//Maximum specific speed\n",
+"Ns2=350//Maximum specific speed\n",
+"d=1000//Density in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"P=(d*Q*9.81*h*(oe/100)*10^-3)//power in kW\n",
+"P1=((Ns1*h^(5/4))/N)^2//Power in kW\n",
+"n1=P/P1//No.of turbains\n",
+"P2=((Ns2*h^(5/4))/N)^2//Power in kW\n",
+"n2=ceil(P/P2)//No.of turbains\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The number of turbines in \n (a) Francis turbine are%3.0f \n (b) Kaplan turbine are %i',n1,n2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.14: Speed_power_and_scale_ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Ns=210//Specific speed \n",
+"P=30//Power in MW\n",
+"N=180//Speed in rpm\n",
+"Q=0.6//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"h=4.5//Head in m\n",
+"e=88//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"d=1000//Density in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Pm=(d*Q*9.81*h*(e/100)*10^-3)//Power in kW\n",
+"Nm=(Ns*h^(5/4))/sqrt(Pm)//Speed in rpm\n",
+"Hp=((N*sqrt(P*1000))/Ns)^(4/5)//Head in m\n",
+"Dpm=(Nm/N)*sqrt(Hp/h)//Scale ratio\n",
+"Qp=(P*10^6)/(d*9.81*Hp*(e/100))//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Speed is %3.0f rpm \n Power is %3.3f kW \n Scale ratio is %3.3f \n Flow through the turbine is %3.1f m^3/s',Nm,Pm,Dpm,Qp)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.15: Speed_and_power.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"x=1/5//Scale model\n",
+"h=1.5//Head in m\n",
+"P=5//Power in kW\n",
+"N=450//Speed in rpm\n",
+"h1=30//Head in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N1=(x*N)/sqrt(h/h1)//Speed in rpm\n",
+"Ns=(N*sqrt(P))/h^(5/4)//Specific speed\n",
+"P1=((Ns*h1^(5/4))/N1)^2//Power in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Speed is %3.0f rpm \n Power is %3.0f kW',N1,P1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.16: Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"h=19//Head in m\n",
+"Q=3//Flow rate in m^3/s\n",
+"N=600//Speed in rpm\n",
+"h1=5//Head in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N1=N/sqrt(h/h1)//Speed in rpm\n",
+"Q1=Q/sqrt(h/h1)//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Speed of the turbine is %3.1f rpm \n Maximum flow rate is %3.1f m^3/s',N1,Q1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.17: Least_number_of_turbines.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Q=350//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"h=30//Head in m\n",
+"e=87//Turbine efficiency in percent\n",
+"f=50//Frequency in Hz\n",
+"p=24//Number of poles\n",
+"Ns1=300//Specific speed\n",
+"Ns2=820//Specific speed\n",
+"d=1000//Dnsity of water in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N=(120*f)/p//Speed in rpm\n",
+"P=d*Q*9.81*h*(e/100)*10^-3//Power in kW\n",
+"P1=((Ns1*h^(5/4))/N)^2//Power in kW\n",
+"n1=P/P1//No.of turbines\n",
+"P2=((Ns2*h^(5/4))/N)^2//Power in kW\n",
+"n2=ceil(P/P2)//No.of turbines\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Least number of machines required if using \n (a) Francis turbines are %3.0f \n (b) Kaplan turbines are %3.0f',n1,n2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.18: Power_developed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"h=27//Head in m\n",
+"A=430//Area in sq.km\n",
+"R=150//Rainfall in cm/year\n",
+"pr=65//Percentage of rainfall utilised\n",
+"pe=95//Penstock efficiency in percent\n",
+"te=80//Turbine efficiency in percent\n",
+"ge=86//Generator efficiency in percent\n",
+"lf=0.45//Load factor\n",
+"d=1000//Density of water in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Q=A*10^6*(R/100)*(pr/100)//Discharge in m^3 per year\n",
+"Qs=(Q/(365*24*3600))//Quantity of water per second in m^3\n",
+"P=(pe/100)*(te/100)*(ge/100)*d*Qs*9.81*h*10^-3//Power in kW\n",
+"plc=(P/lf)//Peak load capacity in kW\n",
+"C=(plc/(2*(ge/100)))//Capacity of each unit in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Power developed is %3.0f kW \n (b) As the available head is low, Kaplan turbines are suggested.\n Two turbines each of 3000kW capacity may be installed.',P)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.19: Power_developed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"q=[30,25,20,0,010,50,80,100,110,65,45,30]//Mean discharge in millions of cu.m per month respectively\n",
+"h=90//Head in m\n",
+"n=86//Overall efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Qm=(q(1)+q(2)+q(3)+q(4)+q(5)+q(6)+q(7)+q(8)+q(9)+q(10)+q(11)+q(12))/12//Mean discharge in millions m^3/s\n",
+"Q=[30,30,25,25,20,20,0,0,10,10,50,50,80,80,100,100,110,110,65,65,45,45,30,30,0]//Discharge(million m^3/month) on y-axis\n",
+"y=[0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12]//Months on x-ais\n",
+"D=[110,100,90,80,70,60,50,40,30,25,20,10,0]//Discharge per month in million m^3\n",
+"pt=[8.3,16.7,25,25,25,33.3,41.7,50,66.7,75,83.3,91.7,100]//Percentage time \n",
+"Po=((Qm*10^6*9.81*h*(n/100))/(30*24*3600*1000))//Power developed in MW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"subplot(121)\n",
+"plot(y,Q)//Graph Discharge(million m^3/month) vs Month\n",
+"xtitle('Discharge(million m^3/month) vs Month','Months','Discharge(million m^3/month)')\n",
+"subplot(122)\n",
+"plot(pt,D)//Graph percentage time vs Discharge(million m^3/month)\n",
+"xtitle('percentage time vs Discharge(million m^3/month)','percentage time','Discharge(million m^3/month)')\n",
+"printf('Power developed is %3.2f MW',Po)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.1: Efficiency_of_the_runner.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=4000//Power in kW\n",
+"N=400//Speed in r.p.m\n",
+"h=200//Head in m\n",
+"e=90//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"d=1.5//Diameter in m\n",
+"vd=10//Percentage decrease in velocity\n",
+"a=165//Angle with which jet is deflected in degrees\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"V1=sqrt(2*9.81*h*(e/100))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=(3.14*d*N)/60//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"nn=((2*(1-((e/100)*cosd(a)))*(V1-Vb)*Vb)/V1^2)*100//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"p=(P/(nn/100))//Power developed in kW\n",
+"pj=(p/2)//Power developed per jet in kW\n",
+"dx=sqrt((pj*8)/(3.14*V1^3))//Diameter of each jet in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the efficiency of the runner is %3.2f percent \n (b) the diameter of each jet is %3.4f m',nn,dx)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.2: Number_of_jets.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=6000//Power in kW\n",
+"h=300//Net head availabe in m\n",
+"N=550//Speed in r.p.m\n",
+"rd=(1/10)//Ratio of jet diameter to wheel diameter\n",
+"nh=0.85//Hydraulic efficiency \n",
+"Cv=0.98//Coefficient of velocity\n",
+"f=0.46//Speed ratio\n",
+"d=1000//Density in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"V1=Cv*sqrt(2*9.81*h)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=f*sqrt(2*9.81*h)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Q=((P*10^3)/(nh*d*9.81*h))//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"D=((Vb*60)/(3.14*N))//Diameter in m\n",
+"d=(D/10)//Diameter of jet in m\n",
+"n=(Q/((V1*(3.14/4)*d^2)))//Number of jets\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the number of jets are%3.0f \n (b) diameter of each jet is %3.3f m \n (c) diameter of the wheel is %3.2f m \n (d) the quantity of water required is %3.1f m^3/s',n,d,D,Q)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.3: Diameter_of_jet.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=10//Capacity in MW\n",
+"h=500//Head in m\n",
+"Ns=10//Specific speed of the turbine\n",
+"on=80//Overall efficiency in percent\n",
+"Cv=0.98//Coefficient of velocity\n",
+"x=0.46//Speed of the bucket wheel to the velocity of jet\n",
+"da=1000//Density in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N=(Ns*h^(5/4))/sqrt(P*10^3)//Speed in r.p.m\n",
+"V=(Cv*sqrt(2*9.81*h))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=(x*V)//Speed of bucket wheel in m/s\n",
+"D=((60*Vb)/(3.14*N))//Diameter in m\n",
+"d=sqrt((P*10^6)/((on/100)*(3.14/4)*da*V*9.81*h))//Diameter in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Diameter of jet is %3.3f m \n Diameter of bucket wheel is %3.2f m',d,D)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.4: Specific_speed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Cv=0.97//Coefficient of velocity\n",
+"f=0.45//Friction coefficient\n",
+"h=0.85//Head in m\n",
+"d=1000//Density in kg/m^3\n",
+"n=1//For a single jet turbine\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Ns=((60/3.14)*(f*sqrt(2*9.8))*sqrt(n*(3.14/4)*Cv*sqrt(2*9.8)*9.8*h))//Specific speed in terms of d/D \n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The specific speed of a single jet Pelton wheel is about %3.0f (d/D) where d and D represent the jet and bucket wheel diameters respectively',Ns)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.5: Velocity_of_jet.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"n=4//Number of jets\n",
+"d=60//Diameter of each jet in mm\n",
+"a=165//Angle in degrees\n",
+"v=45//Speed of the bucket wheel in m/s\n",
+"de=1000//Density in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"v1=(2*v)//Jet velocity in m/s\n",
+"Q=(3.14/4)*(d/1000)^2*v1//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"P=(1-cosd(a))*(v1^2/4)*Q*de*10^-3//Power developed in kW\n",
+"P4=(P*4)//For four jets in kW\n",
+"nd=((1-cosd(a))/2)*100//Maximum efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Velocity of the jet for maximum efficiency is %3.0f m/s \n Power developed is %i kW \n Hydraulic efficiency is %3.1f percent',v1,P4,nd)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.6: Head_on_the_wheel.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"v=20//Peripheral velocity in m/s\n",
+"vw=17//Velocity of whirl in m/s\n",
+"vr=2//Radial velocity in m/s\n",
+"Q=0.7//Flow in m^3/s\n",
+"hn=80//Hydraulic efficiency in percent\n",
+"d=1000//Density in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"H=((vw*v)/(9.81*(hn/100)))//Head on the wheel in m\n",
+"P=(d*Q*9.81*H*(hn/100)*10^-3)//Power generated in kW\n",
+"al=180-atand(vr/vw)//Angle of guide vanes in degrees\n",
+"bl=atand(vr/(v-vw))//Inlet blade angle in degrees\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Head on the wheel is %3.1f m \n The power generated by the turbine is %3.0f kW \n Eit angle of guide vanes is %3.2f degrees and Inlet blade angle is %3.1f degrees',H,P,al,bl)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.7: Outlet_and_inlet_blade_angles.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"od=1.5//Outer diameter in m\n",
+"id=0.75//Inner diameter in m\n",
+"h=150//Head in m\n",
+"P=14000//Power in kW\n",
+"Ns=120//Specific speed \n",
+"vw2=0//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"a=(11+(20/60))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"hn=92//Hydraulic efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N=(Ns*h^(5/4))/sqrt(P)//Speed in rpm\n",
+"vb1=(3.14*od*N)/60//velocity in m/s\n",
+"vw1=(((hn/100)*9.81*h)/vb1)//velocity in m/s\n",
+"vf1=(tand(a)*vw1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"vf2=vf1//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b1=atand(vf1/(vb1-vw1))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b1x=(b1-int(b1))*60//For output\n",
+"vb2=(vb1/2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b2=atand(vf1/(vb2-vw2))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b2x=(b2-int(b2))*60//For output\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Inlet blade angle is %3.0f degrees %3.0f minutes \n Outlet blade angle is %3.0f degrees %3.0f minute',b1,b1x,b2,b2x)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.8: The_guide_vane_angle.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"h=70//net head in m\n",
+"N=700//speed in rpm\n",
+"o=85//over all efficiency in %\n",
+"P=350//shaft power in kW\n",
+"he=92//hydraulic efficiency in %\n",
+"fr=.22//flow ratio\n",
+"b=.1//breadth ratio\n",
+"s=2//outer diameter in terms of inner diametre\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"vf1=fr*sqrt(2*9.81*h)//velocity in m/s\n",
+"q=(P/(9.81*h*(o/100)))//discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"d1=sqrt(q/(.94*b*vf1*3.14))//diameter in metre\n",
+"b1=d1*b//breadth in metre\n",
+"d2=d1/2//diametre in metre\n",
+"vb1=(3.14*d1*N)/60//velocity in m/s\n",
+"vw1=((he/100)*9.81*h)/vb1//velcity in m/s\n",
+"a=atand(vf1/vw1)//angle in degrees\n",
+"bet=atand(vf1/(vw1-vb1))//angle in degrees\n",
+"vb2=(d2/d1)*vb1//velocity in m/s\n",
+"bet2=atand(vf1/vb2)//angle in degrees\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)the guide vane angle is %3.1f degrees \n (b)the runner vane angle at inlet is %3.1f degrees and outlet is %3.2f degrees \n (c)the diametres of the runner at inlet is %3.1f metre and outlet is %3.2f metre\n (d)the width of the wheel at inlet is %3.2f metre',a,bet,bet2,d1,d2,b1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.9: Discharge_of_turbine.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"n=4//Number of units\n",
+"P=70000//Power in kVA\n",
+"f=50//Frequency in Hz\n",
+"p=10//No.of pair of poles\n",
+"h=505//Gross head in m\n",
+"tn=94//Transmission efficiency in percent\n",
+"po=260//Power in MW\n",
+"e=91//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"nn=0.98//Nozzle efficiency\n",
+"Cv=0.98//Coefficient of velocity\n",
+"x=0.48//Vb=0.48 V\n",
+"dd=25//Nozzle diameter is 25% bigger than jet diameter\n",
+"a=165//Angle of buckets in degrees\n",
+"de=99.75//Discharge efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N=(120*f)/(p*2)//Synchronous speed in r.p.m\n",
+"nh=((tn/100)*h)//Net head in m\n",
+"pt=(po*10^3)/n//Power developed per turbine in kW\n",
+"ip=(pt/(e/100))//Input water power in kW\n",
+"Q=(ip/(9.81*nh))//Discharge in m^3/s\n",
+"Qj=(Q/n)//Discharge per jet in m^3/s\n",
+"V1=Cv*sqrt(2*9.81*nh)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"d=sqrt((4/3.14)*(Qj/V1))//Diameter of jet in m\n",
+"nd=(1+(dd/100))*d//Nozzle tip diameter in m\n",
+"Vb=(x*V1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"D=((Vb*60)/(3.14*N))//Pitch circle diameter of the wheel in m\n",
+"Ns=((N*sqrt(po*10^3))/nh^(5/4))//Specific speed\n",
+"jr=(D/d)//Jet ratio\n",
+"nob=(jr/2)+15//Number of buckets\n",
+"nobb=ceil(nob)//Rounding off to next integer\n",
+"W=((V1-Vb)*(1-(nn*cosd(a)))*Vb)/9.81//Workdone per kg in kg.m/kg\n",
+"nth=((W/nh)*de)//Hydraulic efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the discharge of the turbine is %3.2f m^3/s \n (b) the jet diameter is %3.3f m \n (c) the nozzle tip diameter is %3.3f m \n (d) the pitch circle diameter of the wheel is %3.2f m \n (e) the specific speed is %3.2f \n (f) the number of buckets on the wheel are %3.0f \n (g) the workdone per kg of water on the wheel is %3.2f kg.m/kg \n (h) the hydraulic efficiency is %3.0f percent',Q,d,nd,D,Ns,nobb,W,nth)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/11-Diesel_engine_and_Gas_Turbine_Power_Plants.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/11-Diesel_engine_and_Gas_Turbine_Power_Plants.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d711a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/11-Diesel_engine_and_Gas_Turbine_Power_Plants.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 11: Diesel engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.1: Net_increase_in_brake_power.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=3.5//Capacity in litres\n",
+"P=13.1//Indicated power in kW/m^3\n",
+"N=3600//Speed in rpm\n",
+"ve=82//Volumetric efficiency in percent\n",
+"p1=1.013//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=25+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"rp=1.75//Pressure ratio\n",
+"ie=70//Isentropic efficiency in percent\n",
+"me=80//Mechanical efficiency in percent\n",
+"g=1.4//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"R=0.287//Gas constant in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"Cp=1.005//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"EC=(C/1000)//Engine capacity in m^3\n",
+"Vs=(N/2)*EC//Swept volume in m^3\n",
+"Vui=(ve/100)*Vs//Unsupercharged induced volume in m^3/min\n",
+"dp=(rp*p1)//Blower delivery pressure in bar\n",
+"T2sT1=(rp)^((g-1)/g)//Ratio of temperatures\n",
+"T2s=(T2sT1*T1)//Temperature in K\n",
+"dT21=(T2s-T1)/(ie/100)//Difference in temperature in K\n",
+"T2=dT21+T1//Temperature in K\n",
+"EV=(Vs*dp*T1)/(p1*T2)//Equivalent volume in m^3/min\n",
+"iiv=EV-Vui//Increase in induced volume in m^3/min\n",
+"iip=(P*iiv)//Increase in indicated power in kW\n",
+"iipi=((dp-p1)*100*Vs)/60//Increase in induced power due to increase in induction pressure in kW\n",
+"tiip=iip+iipi//Total increase in indicated power in kW\n",
+"tibp=tiip*(me/100)//Total increase in brake power in kW\n",
+"ma=(dp*100*Vs)/(60*R*T2)//Mass of air in kg/s\n",
+"WI=(ma*Cp*(T2-T1))//Work input to heater in kW\n",
+"Pb=(WI/(me/100))//Power required in kW\n",
+"NI=tibp-Pb//Net increase in brake power in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Net increase in brake power is %3.2f kW',NI)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.2: Temperature_of_air.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=0.97//Pressure in bar\n",
+"t1=30+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=2.1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"af=18//Air fuel ratio\n",
+"t3=580+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p3=1.9//Pressure in bar\n",
+"p4=1.06//Pressure in bar\n",
+"iec=0.75//Isentropic efficiency of compressor\n",
+"iet=0.85//Isentropic efficiency of turbine\n",
+"cpa=1.01//Specific heat for air in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"ga=1.4//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"cpex=1.15//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"gex=1.33//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"t2s=t1*(p2/p1)^((ga-1)/ga)//Tempeature in K\n",
+"t21=(t2s-t1)/iec//Temperature in K\n",
+"t2=t21+t1//Temperature in K\n",
+"T2=t2-273//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"t3t4s=(p3/p4)^((gex-1)/gex)//Ratio of temperatures\n",
+"t4s=(t3/t3t4s)//Temperature in K\n",
+"t4=t3-((t3-t4s)*iet)//Temperature in K\n",
+"T4=t4-273//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"mp=(((cpex*(1+(1/af))*(t3-t4))-(cpa*(t2-t1)))/(cpex*(1+(1/af))*(t3-t4)))*100//Percentage of mechanical power loss\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the temperature of air leaving the compressor is %3.2f degree C \n (b) the temperature of gases leaving the turbine is %3.2f degree C \n (c) the mechanical power loss in the turbocharger as a percentage of the power generated in the turbine is %3.2f percent',T2,T4,mp)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.3: Energy_balance_sheet.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"a=215//Current in A\n",
+"v=210//Voltage in V\n",
+"e=85//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"q=11.8//Quantity of fuel supplied in kg/h\n",
+"cv=43//Calorific value in MJ/kg\n",
+"af=18//Air fuel ratio\n",
+"w=560//Water in litres/h\n",
+"tw=38//Temeparature in degree C\n",
+"te=97//Temeparature in degree C\n",
+"cp=1.04//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"ta=30//Temeparature in degree C\n",
+"l=32//Percentage lost \n",
+"sw=4.187//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"P=(a*v)/1000//Power in kW\n",
+"BP=(P/(e/100))//Brake power in kW\n",
+"E=(q/3600)*cv*1000//Energy supplied in kW\n",
+"mg=(q/3600)*(1+af)//Rate of gases in kg/s\n",
+"he=(mg*cp*(te-ta))+((w/3600)*sw*tw)//Heat carried away by exhaust gases in kW\n",
+"hj=(l/100)*E//Heat lost to jacket cooling water in kW\n",
+"pBP=(BP/E)*100//Percentage\n",
+"pE=(E/E)*100//Percentage\n",
+"phe=(he/E)*100//Percenatge\n",
+"phj=(hj/E)*100//Percenatge \n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('                           ENERGY BALANCE SHEET \n                                             (in kW)            (in percent)\n 1. Brake power                               %3.2f              %3.2f \n 2. Heat carried away by exhaust gases        %3.2f              %3.2f \n 3. Heat lost to jacket cooling water         %3.2f              %3.2f \n 4. Heat loss unaccounted                     %3.2f              %3.2f \n             Total                            %3.2f             %3.2f',BP,pBP,he,phe,hj,phj,(E-(BP+he+hj)),(((E-(BP+he+hj))/E)*100),E,(pBP+phe+phj+(((E-(BP+he+hj))/E)*100)))\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.4: Energy_balance_sheet.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"t=20//Trial time in minutes\n",
+"NL=680//Net brake load in N\n",
+"mep=3//Mean effective pressure in bar\n",
+"N=360//Speed in rpm\n",
+"Fc=1.56//Fuel consumption in kg\n",
+"cw=160//Cooling water in kg\n",
+"Tw=32//Temperature of water at inlet in degree C\n",
+"Wo=57//Water outlet temperature in degree C\n",
+"a=30//Air in kg\n",
+"Ta=27//Room temperature in degree C\n",
+"Te=310//Exhaust gas temperature in degree C\n",
+"d=210//Bore in mm\n",
+"l=290//Stroke in mm\n",
+"bd=1//Brake diameter in m\n",
+"cv=44//Calorific value in MJ/kg\n",
+"st=1.3//Steam formed in kg per kg fuel in the exhaust\n",
+"cp=2.093//Specific heat of steam in exhaust in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"cpx=1.01//Specific heat of dry exhaust gases in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"cpw=4.187//Specific heat of water in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"ip=(mep*100*(l/1000)*(3.14/4)*(d/1000)^2*N)/60//Indicated Power in kW\n",
+"bp=((2*3.14*N*(NL*(1/2)))/60)/1000//Brake power in kW\n",
+"nm=(bp/ip)*100//Mechanical efficiency in percent\n",
+"qs=(Fc*cv*10^3)//Heat supplied in kJ\n",
+"qip=(ip*t*60)//Heat equivalent of ip in kJ\n",
+"qcw=(cw*cpw*(Wo-Tw))//Heat carried away by cooling water in kJ\n",
+"tm=(Fc*a)//Toatl mass of exhaust gas in kg\n",
+"ms=(st*Fc)//Mass of steam formed in kg\n",
+"mde=(tm-ms)//Mass of dry exhaust gas in kg\n",
+"Ed=(mde*cpx*(Te-Ta))//Energy carried away by dry exhaust gases in kJ\n",
+"Es=(ms*((cpw*(100-Ta))+2257.9+(cp*(Te-100))))//Energy carried away by steam in kJ\n",
+"TE=(Ed+Es)//Total energy carried away by exhaust gases in kJ\n",
+"ue=(qs-(qip+qcw+TE))//Unaccounted energy in kJ\n",
+"pqip=(qip/qs)*100//Percentage\n",
+"pqcw=(qcw/qs)*100//Percentage\n",
+"pTE=(TE/qs)*100//Percentage\n",
+"pue=(ue/qs)*100//Percentage\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Indicated power is %3.2f kW \n Brake power is %3.3f kW \n\n                            ENERGY BALANCE SHEET \n                                                (in kJ)            (in percent)\n 1. Energy equivalent in ip                     %3.0f                 %3.2f \n 2. Energy carried away by cooling water        %3.0f                 %3.2f \n 3. Energy carried away by exhaust gases        %3.0f                 %3.2f \n 4. Unaccounted for energy loss                 %3.0f                 %3.2f \n             Total                              %3.0f                 %3.2f',ip,bp,qip,pqip,qcw,pqcw,TE,pTE,ue,pue,qs,(pqip+pqcw+pTE+pue))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.5: Blade_angles.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Vbm=360//Blade velocity in m/s\n",
+"b1=20//Blade angle at inlet in degrees\n",
+"a2=b1//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=52//Blade angle at exit in degrees\n",
+"a1=b2//Angle in degrees\n",
+"R=50//Degree of reaction in percent\n",
+"dm=0.45//Mean diameter of the blade in m\n",
+"bh=0.08//Mean blade height in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Vf=(Vbm/(tand(b2)-tand(b1)))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"rt=(dm/2)+(bh/2)//Mean radius in m\n",
+"Vbt=(Vbm*(rt/(dm/2)))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vw1m=Vf*tand(a1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vw1t=(Vw1m*((dm/2)/rt))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw1=(Vf*(tand(b1)+tand(b2))*Vbm)/Vbt//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"rr=(dm/2)-(bh/2)//Radius in m\n",
+"Vbr=(Vbm*(rr/(dm/2)))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vw1r=(Vw1m*((dm/2)/rr))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=Vf/cosd(b2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVwr=((Vw1m+((Vr2*sind(b2))-Vbm))*Vbm)/Vbr//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"a1r=atand(Vw1r/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"a2r=atand((dVwr-Vw1r)/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b1r=atand((Vw1r-Vbr)/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b2r=atand((Vbr+(Vf*tand(a2r)))/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"a1t=atand(Vw1t/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"a2t=atand((dVw1-Vw1t)/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b1t=atand((Vw1t-Vbt)/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b2t=atand((Vbt+(Vf*tand(a2t)))/Vf)//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Rt=((Vf*(tand(b2t)-tand(b1t)))/(2*Vbt))*100//Degree of reaction at the tip in percent\n",
+"Rr=((Vf*(tand(b2r)-tand(b1r)))/(2*Vbr))*100//Degree of reaction at the root in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The flow velocity is %3.0f m/s \n (b) The blade angles at the tip are : \n Fixed blades (root) are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees \n Moving blades (root) are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees \n Fixed blades (tip) are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees \n Moving blades (tip) are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees \n (c) The degree of reaction at : \n the tip is %3.0f percent \n the root is %3.0f percent',Vf,a1r,a2r,b1r,b2r,a1t,a2t,b1t,b2t,Rt,Rr)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.6: Impeller_tip_diameter.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"N=16000//Speed in rpm\n",
+"T1=17+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"rp=4//Pressure ratio\n",
+"in=82//Isentropic efficiency in percent\n",
+"s=0.85//Slip factor\n",
+"a=20//Angle in degrees\n",
+"d=200//Diameter in mm\n",
+"V=120//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"cp=1.005//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"g=1.4//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"T2sT1=(rp)^((g-1)/g)//Temperature ratio\n",
+"T2s=T1*T2sT1//Temeprature in K\n",
+"dTs=(T2s-T1)//Temperature difference in K\n",
+"dT=dTs/(in/100)//Temperature difference in K\n",
+"Wc=(cp*dT)//Power input in kJ/kg\n",
+"Vb1=(3.14*(d/1000)*N)/60//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vw1=(V*sind(a))//Pre-whirl velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb2=sqrt(((Wc*1000)+(Vb1*Vw1))/s)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"d2=((Vb2*60)/(3.14*N))*1000//Tip diameter in mm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Impeller tip diameter is %3.0f mm',d2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.7: Workdone_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"T1=25+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"rp=6//Pressure ratio\n",
+"Vb=220//Mean velocity in m/s\n",
+"b1=45//Angle in degrees\n",
+"a2=b1//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=15//Angle in degrees\n",
+"a1=b2//Angle in degrees\n",
+"R=50//Degree of reaction in percent\n",
+"n=10//Number of stages\n",
+"in=83//Isentropic efficiency in percent\n",
+"cp=1.005//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"g=1.4//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"V1=(Vb/(sind(b2)+(cosd(a1)*tand(a2))))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V2=(V1*cosd(b2))/cosd(b1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=(V2*sind(a2))-(V1*sind(a1))//Velocity in m/s.Textbook answer is wrong. Correct answer is 127 m/s\n",
+"T2sT1=rp^((g-1)/g)//Temperature ratio\n",
+"T2s=(T2sT1*T1)//Temperature in K\n",
+"dTs=(T2s-T1)//Temperature difference in K\n",
+"dT=(dTs/(in/100))//Temperature difference in K\n",
+"W=(cp*dT)//Workdone in kJ/kg\n",
+"w=(W*10^3)/(Vb*dVw*n)//Work done factor\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Workdone factor of the compressor is %3.2f',w)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.8: Airfuel_ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=20+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"Tm=900+273//Maximum temperature in K\n",
+"rp=6//Pressure ratio\n",
+"e=0.7//Effectiveness of regenerator\n",
+"ma=210//Rate of air flow in kg/s\n",
+"CV=40800//Calorific value in kJ/kg\n",
+"ic=0.82//Isentropic efficiencies of both the compressors\n",
+"it=0.92//Isentropic efficiencies of both the turbine\n",
+"cn=0.95//Combustion efficiency \n",
+"mn=0.96//Mechanical efficiency\n",
+"gn=0.95//Generator efficiency\n",
+"cp=1.005//Specific heat of air in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"cpg=1.08//Specific heat of gas in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"g1=1.4//Ratio of specific heats for air\n",
+"g=1.33//Ratio of specific heats for gas\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"pi=sqrt(p1*rp)//Intermediate pressure in bar\n",
+"T2sT1=(pi/p1)^((g1-1)/g1)//Temperature ratio\n",
+"T2s=(T2sT1*T1)//temperature in K\n",
+"T2=((T2s-T1)/ic)+T1//Temperature in K\n",
+"T4s=(T1*(rp/pi)^((g1-1)/g1))//Temperature in K\n",
+"T4=((T4s-T1)/ic)+T1//Temperature in K\n",
+"T7s=(Tm/(rp/p1)^((g-1)/g))//Temperature in K\n",
+"T7=Tm-(it*(Tm-T7s))//Temperature in K\n",
+"T5=(e*(T7-T4))+T4//Temperature in K\n",
+"mf=1/((cp*(Tm-T5))/((CV*cn)-(cp*(Tm-T5))))//Air fuel ratio\n",
+"Wgt=((1+(1/mf))*cpg*(Tm-T7))//Workdone by turbine in kJ/kg of air\n",
+"Wc=(cp*((T2-T1)+(T4-T1)))//Workdone by compressor in kJ/kg of air\n",
+"Wnet=(Wgt-Wc)//Net workdone in kJ/kg of air\n",
+"Q=(CV*cn)/mf//Heat supplied in kJ/kg of air\n",
+"ncy=(Wnet/Q)*100//Cycle efficiency in percent\n",
+"PO=(Wnet*ma*mn*gn)/10^3//Power output in MW\n",
+"Fc=(ma*3600*(1/mf))//Fuel consumption per hour in kg\n",
+"SFC=(Fc/(PO*10^3))//Specific fuel consumption in kg/kW.h\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the air fuel ratio is %3.2f \n (b) the cycle efficiency is %3.1f percent \n (c) the power supplied by the plant is %3.0f MW \n (d) the specific fuel consumption of the plant is %3.3f kg/kW.h and the fuel consumption per hour is %3.2f kg',mf,ncy,PO,SFC,Fc)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/12-Flywheel_Energy_storage.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/12-Flywheel_Energy_storage.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80c9a28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/12-Flywheel_Energy_storage.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 12: Flywheel Energy storage"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.1: Compressed_air_temperature.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"V=64000//Volume in m^3\n",
+"Q=8300//Discharge in m^3/hr\n",
+"p1=1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=20+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=100//Pressure in bar\n",
+"pn=70//Polytropic efficiency in percent\n",
+"pt=60//Peaking turbine efficiency in percent\n",
+"g=1.4//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"cp=1.005//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"R=0.287//Gas constant in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"T2sT1=(p2/p1)^((g-1)/g)//Temperature ratio \n",
+"T2s=(T1*T2sT1)//Temperature in K\n",
+"T21=(T2s-T1)/(pn/100)//Difference in Temperatures in K\n",
+"T2=(T21+T1)-273//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"v=(R*T1)/(p2*100)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"mf=(Q/(v*3600))//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"E=(mf*cp*T21)/1000//Rate of energy storage in MW\n",
+"t=(V/Q)//Storage time in hour\n",
+"tE=(E*t)//Total energy storage in MWh\n",
+"Ed=(tE*(pt/100))//Total energy delivered by the peaking turbine in MWh\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the compressed sir temperature is %3.0f degree C \n (b) the storage time is %3.2f hour \n (c) the total energy storage is %3.0f MWh \n (d) the total energy delivered by the peaking turbine is %3.0f MWh',T2,t,tE,Ed)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.2: Storage_time.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"V=175000//Volume in m^3\n",
+"d=4//Diameter in m\n",
+"U=1.5//Overall heat transfer coefficient in W/m^2.K\n",
+"p2=2//Pressure in bar\n",
+"p1=20//Pressure in bar\n",
+"Ta=20//Ambient temperature in degree C\n",
+"cp=4.35//Specific heta of water in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"e=96//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"ppe=25//Peaking plant efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"//At 20 bar\n",
+"T1=212.37//Saturation temperature in degree C\n",
+"hf1=908.5//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"vf1=0.0011766//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"//At 2 bar\n",
+"T2=120.23//Saturation temperature in degree C\n",
+"hf2=504.8//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"vf2=0.0010605//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"ad=(1/2)*((1/vf1)+(1/vf2))//Average density of water in kg/m^3\n",
+"tc=(d*ad*cp*1000)/(4*U*3600)//Time constant in h\n",
+"ts=(log(1/(1-((1-((e/100)))/((T1-Ta)/(T1-T2))))))*tc//Storage time in h\n",
+"m=(V/vf1)//Mass of water needed in kg\n",
+"E=(m*(hf1-hf2))/(3600*10^3)//Total energy stored in MWh\n",
+"Ed=(E*(e/100)*(ppe/100))//Energy delivered in MWh\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the storage time is %3.3f h \n (b) the total energy stored in the accumulator is %3.1f MWh \n (c) the total energy that can be delivered by the peaking turbine is %3.2f MWh',ts,E,Ed)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/2-Analysis_of_Steam_Cycles.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/2-Analysis_of_Steam_Cycles.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bf9905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/2-Analysis_of_Steam_Cycles.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 2: Analysis of Steam Cycles"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.1: Power_output_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=40//Initial pressure of steam in bar\n",
+"T1=500//Initial temperature of steam in degree C\n",
+"m1=5500//Rate of steam in kg/h\n",
+"p2=2//Pressure of steam after expansion in bar\n",
+"n1=0.83//Isentropic efficiency \n",
+"q=0.87//Quality\n",
+"m2=2700//Mass flow rate in kg/h\n",
+"p3=0.1//Pressure of steam after expansion in l.p turbine in bar\n",
+"n2=0.78//Isentropic efficiency\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3445.3//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=7.0901//Entropy in kJ/kg.K which is 1.5301+x2s*5.5970\n",
+"x2s=(5.5600/5.5970)//dryness fraction\n",
+"h2s=(504.7+(x2s*2201.9))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2=h1-(n1*(h1-h2s))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=(504.7+(q*2201.9))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h4=((m2*h3+m1*h2)/(m1+m2))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x4=(2183.78/2201.9)//dryness fraction\n",
+"s4=(1.5301+x4*5.5970)//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x5s=0.8574//dryness fraction\n",
+"h5s=(191.84+x5s*2392.5)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"dh4h5=(n2*(h4-h5s))//Difference in enthalpy (h4-h5) in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6=191.83//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"W1=((m1*(h1-h2))+((m1+m2)*dh4h5))/3600//Power output of the plant in kW\n",
+"Q1=(m1*(h1-h6))/3600//Heat input in kW\n",
+"n1=(W1/Q1)*100//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"WT=(m1*(h1-h2))/3600//Power output without the geothermal heat supply in kW\n",
+"Q2=(m1*(h1-h6))/3600//Heat input without the geothermal heat supply in kW\n",
+"n2=(WT/Q2)*100//Efficiency of the cycle without the geothermal heat supply in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)Power output of the cycle is %3.1f kW \n Efficiency of the cycle is %3.1f percent \n\n (b)Without geothermal heat supply \n Power output of the cycle is %3.2f kW \n Efficiency of the cycle is %3.2f percent',W1,n1,WT,n2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.2: Mass_flow_rate.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=90//Initial pressure of steam in bar\n",
+"T1=500//Initial temperature of steam in degree C\n",
+"O=(500*1000)//Output in kW\n",
+"T2=40//Condensation temperature in degree C\n",
+"nhp=0.92//Efficiency of h.p turbine\n",
+"nlp=0.9//Efficiency of l.p turbine\n",
+"np=0.75//Isentropic efficiency of the pump \n",
+"TTD=-1.6//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"p2=(0.2*p1)//Optimum reheat pressure in bar\n",
+"h1=3386.1//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.6576//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2s=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"h2s=2915//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=3469.8//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s3=7.4825//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x4s=(s3-0.5725)/7.6845//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h4s=(167.57+x4s*2406.7)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=167.57//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h7=883.42//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"Wps=(0.001008*p1*10)//Workdone by the pump in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6s=176.64//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"dh1h2=(nhp*(h1-h2s))//Difference in enthalpy (h1-h2) in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2=h1-dh1h2//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"dh3h4=(nlp*(h3-h4s))//Difference in enthalpy (h3-h4) in kJ/kg\n",
+"h4=h3-dh3h4//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"Wp=(Wps/np)//Workdone by the pump in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6=(Wp+h5)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"tsat=207.15//Saturation temperature at 18 bar in degree C\n",
+"t9=(tsat-TTD)//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"h9=875//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"m=((h9-h6)/(h2-h7))//Mass of steam in kg\n",
+"WT=(dh1h2+(1-m)*dh3h4)//Workdone by the turbine in kJ/kg\n",
+"Wnet=(WT-Wp)//Net workdone in kJ/kg\n",
+"ws=(O/Wnet)//Mass flow rate of steam at turbine inlet in kg/s\n",
+"Q1=((h1-h9)+(1-m)*(h3-h2))//Heat input in kJ/kg\n",
+"n=(Wnet/Q1)*100//Efficiency of the cycle in percent\n",
+"Wr=(Wnet/WT)//Work ratio\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)Mass flow rate of steam at turbine inlet is %3.0f kg/s \n (b)The cycle efficiency is %3.2f percent \n (c)Work ratio is %3.3f',ws,n,Wr)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.3: Optimum_pressures_and_temperatures.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=70//Pressure at which an ideal seam power plant operates in bar\n",
+"T1=550//Temperature at which an ideal seam power plant operates in degrees C\n",
+"p2=0.075//Pressure at which an ideal seam power plant operates in bar\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"TB=285.9//Saturation temperature at 70 bar in degree C\n",
+"TC=40.3//Saturation temperature at 0.075 bar in degree C\n",
+"Tr=(TB-TC)/(7+1)//Temperature rise per heater for maximum cycle efficiency in degree C\n",
+"t1=(TB-Tr)//Temperature at heater 1 in degree C\n",
+"P1=4.33//Pressure at heater 1 in MPa\n",
+"t2=(t1-Tr)//Temperature at heater 2 in degree C\n",
+"P2=2.5318//Pressure at heater 2 in MPa\n",
+"t3=(t2-Tr)//Temperature at heater 3 in degree C\n",
+"P3=1.367//Pressure at heater 3 in MPa\n",
+"t4=(t3-Tr)//Temperature at heater 4 in degree C\n",
+"P4=0.6714//Pressure at heater 4 in MPa\n",
+"t5=(t4-Tr)//Temperature at heater 5 in degree C\n",
+"P5=0.2906//Pressure at heater 5 in MPa\n",
+"t6=(t5-Tr)//Temperature at heater 6 in degree C\n",
+"P6=0.108//Pressure at heater 6 in MPa\n",
+"t7=(t6-Tr)//Temperature at heater 7 in degree C\n",
+"P7=32.65//Pressure at heater 7 in kPa\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The optimum pressure and temperature at different heaters are: \n Heater 1: t1 = %3.1f degree C and p1 = %3.2f MPa\n Heater 2: t2 = %3.1f degree C and p2 = %3.4f MPa\n Heater 3: t3 = %3.1f degree C and p3 = %3.3f MPa\n Heater 4: t4 = %3.1f degree C and p4 = %3.4f MPa\n Heater 5: t5 = %3.1f degree C and p5 = %3.4f MPa\n Heater 6: t6 = %3.1f degree C and p6 = %3.3f MPa\n Heater 7: t7 = %3.1f  degree C and p7 = %3.2f kPa',t1,P1,t2,P2,t3,P3,t4,P4,t5,P5,t6,P6,t7,P7)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.4: Percentage_of_total_electricity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"ng=0.97//Efficiency of electric generator \n",
+"nt=0.95//Efficiency of turbine\n",
+"nb=0.92//Efficiency of boiler\n",
+"nc=0.42//Efficiency of cycle\n",
+"no=0.33//Efficiency of overall plant\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"na=(no/(ng*nt*nb*nc))//Efficiency of auxiliaries\n",
+"n=(1-na)*100//Percentage of total electricity generated which is consumed in running the auxiliaries\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Percentage of total electricity generated which is consumed in running the auxiliaries is %3.2f percent',n)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.5: Percentage_of_total_heat_absorption.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"T1=140//Temperature with which feed water enters into economiser in degree C\n",
+"T2=[25,250]//Temperature from air is preheated to in degree C\n",
+"P1=60//Pressure with which steam leaves the drum in bar\n",
+"x1=0.98//Dryness fraction\n",
+"T3=450//Temperature with which steam leaves the superheater in degree C\n",
+"cc=25.2//Calorific value of coal in MJ/kg\n",
+"r=8.5//Rate of evaporation of steam per kg coal \n",
+"wf=1//Mass of coal in kg\n",
+"R=15//Air fuel ratio by mass\n",
+"Cpa=1.005//Specific heat of air at constant pressure in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"Cpw=4.2//Specific heat of water at constant pressure in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=(T1*Cpw)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hf=1213.35//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2=hf//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hfg=1571//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h4=3301.8//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=(hf+x1*hfg)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"n=((r*(h4-h1))/(wf*cc*1000))*100//Efficiency\n",
+"he=(r*(h2-h1))/wf*10^-3//Heat transfer in the economiser in MJ/kg\n",
+"hb=(r*(h3-h2))/wf*10^-3//Heat transfer in the boiler in MJ/kg\n",
+"hs=(r*(h4-h3))/wf*10^-3//Heat transfer in the superheater in MJ/kg\n",
+"ha=(R*Cpa*(T2(2)-T2(1)))/wf*10^-3//Heat transfer in the air preheater in MJ/kg\n",
+"pe=((h2-h1)/(h4-h1))*100//Percentage of total heat absorbed in the economiser in percent\n",
+"pb=((h3-h2)/(h4-h1))*100//Percentage of total heat absorbed in the boiler in percent\n",
+"ps=((h4-h3)/(h4-h1))*100//Percentage of total heat absorbed in the superheater in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Efficiency of steam generator is %3.2f percent \n\n Heat transfer per kg fuel in \n (i)economiser is %3.4f MJ/kg \n (ii)boiler is %3.3f MJ/kg \n (iii)superheater is %3.3f MJ/kg \n (iv)air pre-heater is %3.3f MJ/kg \n\n Percentage of total heat absorption taking place in \n (i)economiser is %3.2f percent \n (ii)boiler is %3.2f percent \n (iii)superheater is %3.2f percent',n,he,hb,hs,ha,pe,pb,ps)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.6: Cycle_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=150//Pressure of inlet steam in bar\n",
+"T1=550//Temperature of steam in degree C\n",
+"p2=20//Pressure after expansion in bar\n",
+"T2=500//Reheat temperature in degree C\n",
+"pc=0.075//Condenser pressure in bar\n",
+"php=50//Pressure of steam in h.p turbine in bar\n",
+"pip=[10,5,3]//Pressure of steam in i.p turbines in bar\n",
+"plp=1.5//Pressure of steam in l.p turbine in bar\n",
+"m=300*1000//Steam flow rate in kg/h\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3448.6//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h4=3467.6//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.5119//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s3=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s4=7.4317//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s5=s4//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s6=s5//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s7=s6//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s8=s7//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s9=s8//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"t2=370//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"t3=245//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"t5=400//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"t6=300//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"t7=225//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"t8=160//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"h2=3112//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=2890//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=3250//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6=3050//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h7=2930//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h8=2790//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x9=(s9-0.5764)/7.6751//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h9=168.79+x9*2406////Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h10=168.79//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h11=h10+0.001*pip(2)*100//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h12=467.11//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"t14=111.37//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"h14=467//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h13=h12//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h14=h13//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h15=h14//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h16=561.47//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h17=h16//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h18=640.23//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h19=h18+0.001*(p1-pip(2))*100//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h20=762.8//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h21=h20//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h22=1154.23//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h23=h22//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"m1=((h23-h21)/(h2-h22))//Mass in kg\n",
+"m2=((h21-h19)-(m1*(h22-h20)))/(h5-h20)//Mass in kg\n",
+"m3=(((1-m1-m2)*(h18-h17))-((m1+m2)*(h20-h18)))/(h6-h18+h18-h17)//Mass in kg\n",
+"m4=((1-m1-m2-m3)*(h17-h15))/(h7-h16)//Mass in kg\n",
+"m5=(((1-m1-m2-m3-m4)*(h14-h11))-(m4*(h16-h12)))/(h8-h12+h14-h11)//Mass in kg\n",
+"WT=(h1-h2)+(1-m1)*(h2-h3)+(1-m1)*(h4-h5)+(1-m1-m2)*(h5-h6)+(1-m1-m2-m3)*(h6-h7)+(1-m1-m2-m3-m4)*(h7-h8)+(1-m1-m2-m3-m4-m5)*(h8-h9)//Workdone by turbine in kJ/kg\n",
+"Wp=(0.5+14.5+0.15)//Workdone in kJ/kg\n",
+"Wnet=(WT-Wp)//Net workdone in kJ/kg\n",
+"Q1=(h1-h23)+(1-m1)*(h4-h3)//Heat supplied in kJ/kg\n",
+"ncy=(Wnet/Q1)*100//Cycle efficiency in percent\n",
+"t23=264//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"sr=(3600/Wnet)//Steam rate in kJ/kWh\n",
+"hr=((Q1/Wnet)*3600)//Heat rate in kJ/kWh\n",
+"P=((Wnet*m)/3600)/10^3//Power output in MW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The cycle efficiency is %3.2f percent \n (b) The feedwater temperature is %i degree C \n (c) The steam rate is %3.2f kJ/kWh \n (d) The heat rate is %3.0f kJ/kWh \n (e) The quality of steam at turbine exhaust is %3.4f \n (f) The power output is %3.2f MW',ncy,t23,sr,hr,x9,P)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.7: Steam_condition.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"m=10000//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/h\n",
+"p=3//Pressure of steam in bar\n",
+"P=1000//Power in kW\n",
+"n=0.7//Internal efficiency of turbine\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"dh=(P*3600)/m//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2=2725.3//Enthalpy in kJ/kg from Fig. E2.7 \n",
+"h1=dh+h2//Enthalpy in kJ/kg \n",
+"dh1h2s=dh/n//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2s=h1-dh1h2s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x2s=(h2s-561.47)/2163.8//Dryness fraction\n",
+"s2s=1.6718+x2s*(6.999-1.6718)//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s1=s2s//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"p1=37.3//Pressure in bar from Mollier diagram\n",
+"t1=344//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The steam condition required at inlet of the turbine: \n Enthalpy is %3.1f kJ/kg \n Entropy is %3.4f kJ/kg.K \n Pressure is %3.1f bar \n Temperature is %i degree C',h1,s1,p1,t1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.8: Steam_generation_capacity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Pl=5.6//Power load in MW\n",
+"Hl=1.163//Heat load in MW\n",
+"p1=40//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=500+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=0.06//Pressure in bar\n",
+"p3=2//Pressure in bar\n",
+"CV=25//Calorific value in MJ/kg\n",
+"n=88//Boiler efficiency in percent\n",
+"T=6//Temperature rise in degree C\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3445.3//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=7.0901//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s3=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2=(s2-1.5301)/5.5970//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h2=2706.7//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h26=2201.9//Difference in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"w=(Hl*10^3)/h26//Rate of steam extraction in kg/h\n",
+"x3=(s1-0.52)/7.815//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h3=(149.79+x3*2416)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h4=149.79//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"ws=((Pl*10^3+(w*(h2-h3)))/((h1-h2)+(h2-h3)))//Steam generation capacity in kg/s\n",
+"ws1=(ws*3600)/1000//Steam generation capacity in t/h\n",
+"h7=(504.7+(1.061*10^-3*(p1-p3)*100))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=(149.79+(1.006*100*p1*10^-3))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"Q1=(((ws-w)*(h1-h5))+(w*(h1-h7)))//Heat input in kW\n",
+"wf=((Q1/1000)/((n/100)*CV))*(3600/1000)//Fuel burning rate in t/h\n",
+"Q2=((ws-w)*(h3-h4))//Heat rejected to the condensor in kW\n",
+"wc=(Q2/(4.187*T))/1000//Rate of flow of cooling water in m^3/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the steam generation capacity of the bolier is %3.2f t/h \n (b) the heat input to the boiler is %3.1f kW \n (c) the fuel burning rate of the bolier is %3.3f t/h \n (d) the heat rejected to the condensor is %3.0f kW \n (e) the rate of flow of cooling water in the condensor is %3.3f m^3/s',ws1,Q1,wf,Q2,wc)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.9: Power_developed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"m=21000//Steam rate in kg/h\n",
+"p1=17//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=230+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"P=132.56//Power in kW\n",
+"x2=0.957//Dryness fraction\n",
+"p2=3.5//Pressure in bar\n",
+"Pl=1337.5//Power in l.p turbine in kW\n",
+"p3=0.3//Pressure in bar\n",
+"x3=0.912//Dryness fraction\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=2869.7//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.5408//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"h2=(870.44+x2*1924.7)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=h2//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h56=(Pl*3600)/m//Difference in Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6=(289.23+x3*2336.1)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=2649.04//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s4s=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x4s=(s4s-1.7275)/5.2130//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h4s=584.33+x4s*2148.1//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"w=(P/(h1-h2))//Flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"ws=(m/3600)//Steam flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"h4=((ws*h5)-(w*h3))/(ws-w)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x4=(h4-584.33)/2148.1//Dryness fraction\n",
+"W=(ws-w)*(h1-h4)//Power developed by h.p turbine in kW\n",
+"n=((h1-h4)/(h1-h4s))*100//Isentropic efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the steam quality at the exhaust of the h.p turbine is %3.3f \n (b) the power developed by the h.p turbine is %3.2f kW \n (c) the isentropic efficiency of the h.p turbine is %3.2f percent',x4,W,n)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/3-Combined_Cycle_Power_Generation.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/3-Combined_Cycle_Power_Generation.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..221a132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/3-Combined_Cycle_Power_Generation.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 3: Combined Cycle Power Generation"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.1: Efficiency_of_combined_cycle.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p=40//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=400+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"T2=40+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"x=[10,515.5,72.23,363.0,0.1478,0.5167,80.9*10^-6,0.0333]//Property values from table p(bar),t(degree C), hf,hg(kJ/kg),sf,sg(kJ/kg.K),vf,vg(m^3/kg)\n",
+"y=[0.2,277.3,38.35,336.55,0.0967,0.6385,77.4*10^-6,1.163]//Property values from table p(bar),t(degree C), hf,hg(kJ/kg),sf,sg(kJ/kg.K),vf,vg(m^3/kg)\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3216//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.7690//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2=(s2-0.5725)/(8.2570-0.5725)//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h2=167.57+x2*2406.7//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=167.57//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h4=(167.57+p*100*1.008*10^-3)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=1087.31//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6=2801.4//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"ha=x(4)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"sa=x(6)//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"sb=sa//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"xb=(sb-y(5))/(y(6)-y(5))//Dryness fraction\n",
+"hb=(y(3)+xb*(y(4)-y(3)))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hc=y(3)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hd=hc//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"m=(h6-h5)/(hb-hc)//Mass of mercury circulated per kg of steam\n",
+"Q1=m*(ha-hd)+(h1-h6)+(h5-h4)//Heat supplied in kJ/kg\n",
+"Q2=(h2-h3)//Heat rejected in kJ/kg\n",
+"nc=(1-(Q2/Q1))*100//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The amount of mercury circulated per kg of water is %3.4f kg \n (b) The efficiency of the combined cycle is %3.1f percent',m,nc)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.2: Rate_of_heat_transfer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"m=5//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"p1=40//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=440+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=1.5//Pressure in bar\n",
+"p3=1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T3=60+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p4=16//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T4=100+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p5=9//Pressure in bar\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3307.1//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.9041//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"h2=2570.8//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=417.46//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6=(251.13+(1.0172*10^-3)*(p3-0.1994)*100)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"m3=(m/2)//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"m6=m3//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"h4=(m3*h3+m6*h6)/m//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=(h4+(1.0291*10^-3)*(p1-p3)*100)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"ha=241.58//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"sa=0.7656//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"sb=sa//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"hb=229.43//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hc=71.93//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hd=hc+(0.7914*10^-3*(p4-p5)*100)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"Q1=(m*(h1-h5))/1000//Heat supplied in kW\n",
+"Wnets=(m*((h1-h2)-(h5-h4)))//Net workdone by steam in kW\n",
+"mR12=(m3*(h2-h3))/(ha-hd)//Mass of R12 in kg/s\n",
+"WnetR=(mR12*((ha-hb)-(hd-hc)))//Net workdone by R12 in kW\n",
+"T=Wnets+WnetR//Total output in kW\n",
+"Qh=(m6*(h2-h6))//Heat rejected in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Rate of heat transfer in the steam generator is %3.3f kW \n (b) The net power output of the binary cycle is %i kW \n (c) The rate of heat transfer to the industrial process is %3.0f kW',Q1,T,Qh)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.3: Mass_flow_rate.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"rp=7.5//Pressure ratio \n",
+"T1=15+273//Inlet air temperature in K\n",
+"T3=750+273//Maximum temperature in K\n",
+"T6=100+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p1=50//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T7=600+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=0.1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"P=200//Total power in MW\n",
+"CV=43.3//calorific value in MJ/kg\n",
+"cpg=1.11//Specific heat for gas in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"g=1.33//Ratio of specific heats for gas\n",
+"cpa=1.005//Specific heat for air in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"g1=1.4//Ratio of specific heats for air\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"T2=(T1*rp^((g1-1)/g1))//Temperature in K\n",
+"T4=(T3/rp^((g-1)/g))//Temperature in K\n",
+"ha=3670//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hb=2305//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hc=192//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hd=hc//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"//ma*cpg*(T3-T6)=ms*(ha-hd)\n",
+"//ma*cpg*(T3-T4)-ma*cpa*(T2-T1)+ms*(ha-hb)=P*1000\n",
+"//Solving these two equations\n",
+"A=[cpg*(T3-T6) (hd-ha)\n",
+"   cpg*(T3-T4)-cpa*(T2-T1) (ha-hb)]//Coefficient matrix\n",
+"B=[0 \n",
+"   (P*10^3)]//Constant matrix\n",
+"X=inv(A)*B//Variable matrix\n",
+"Wgt=(cpg*(T3-T4)-cpa*(T2-T1))*X(1)*10^-3//Net workdone by Gas turbine in MW\n",
+"Wst=(P-Wgt)//Net workdone by steam turbine in MW\n",
+"Q1=(X(1)*cpg*(T3-T2+T3-T4))//Heat supplied in MW\n",
+"nth=(P/(Q1*10^-3))*100//Thermal efficiency in percent\n",
+"af=(CV*10^3)/(cpg*(T3-T2+T3-T4))//Air fuel ratio\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The flow rate of air is %3.2f kg/s and steam is %3.2f kg/s \n (b) The power outputs of the gas turbine is %3.2f MW and steam turbine is %3.2f MW \n (c) The thermal efficiency of the combined plant is %3.0f percent \n (d) The air fuel ratio is %3.1f',X(1),X(2),Wgt,Wst,nth,af)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.4: Power_output_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=25+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"rp=8//Pressure ratio of compressor\n",
+"Tm=900+273//Maximum temperature in K\n",
+"pd=3//pressure drop in combustion chamber in percent\n",
+"nc=0.88//Efficiency of compressor\n",
+"nt=0.88//Efficiency of turbine\n",
+"CV=44.43//Calorific value of fuel in MJ/kg\n",
+"cpa=1.006//Specific heat of air in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"cpg=1.148//Specific heat of gas in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"g1=1.333//Specific heat ratio of gas\n",
+"g=1.4//Specific heat ratio of air\n",
+"T3=425+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=40//Pressure in bar\n",
+"p3=0.04//Condensor pressure in bar\n",
+"Th=170.4+273//Temperature of feed water to the HRSG in K\n",
+"nst=0.82//Efficiency of steam turbine\n",
+"pdh=5//Pressure drop in HRSG in kPa\n",
+"m=29.235//Steam flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"A=1.0401//si=1.0401+0.1728*(h/c)\n",
+"B=0.1728//si=1.0401+0.1728*(h/c)\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"//Gas turbine plant\n",
+"T2=(rp^((g-1)/(g*nt)))*T1//Temperature in K\n",
+"//Combustor\n",
+"pc=((pd/100)*rp)//Pressure loss in bar\n",
+"pcx=(rp-pc)//Pressure in bar\n",
+"f=((cpg*(Tm-T1))-(cpa*(T2-T1)))/((CV*10^3)-(cpa*(T2-T1)))//Fuel flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"af=(1-f)/f//Air fuel ratio\n",
+"//C8H18+12.5O2->8CO2+9H2O\n",
+"afc=(12.5*32)/(0.232*114)//Air fuel ratio for stoichiometric combustion\n",
+"ea=((af-afc)/afc)*100//Excess air in percent\n",
+"//Gas turbine\n",
+"p4=p1+0.05//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T4=(Tm/(pcx/p4)^(((g1-1)*nt)/g1))//Temperature in K\n",
+"//HRSG\n",
+"T5=250+30//Temeprature in K\n",
+"ha=3272//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hf=1087.31//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"ws=(cpg*((T4-273)-T5))/(ha-hf)//Flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"he=721.1//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"T6=(T4-273)-((ws*(ha-he))/cpg)//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"//Power output\n",
+"sa=6.853//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"sbs=sa//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"xbs=(sbs-0.4266)/8.052//Dryness fraction\n",
+"hbs=(121.46+xbs*2432.9)//ENthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"Wst=(m*(ha-hbs)*nst)//Workdone in kW\n",
+"wg=(m/ws)//gas flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"wa=(1-f)*wg//Air flow rate entering the compressor in kg/s\n",
+"Wgt=(wg*cpg*(Tm-T4))-(wa*cpa*(T2-T1))//Power output of gas turbine in kW\n",
+"TO=Wst+Wgt//Total power output in kW\n",
+"wf1=(f*wa)//Fuel mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"wf=4.466//Rounding off of wf1 for exact answers\n",
+"no=(TO/(wf*(CV*10^3)))*100//Overall efficiency of the combined plant in percent\n",
+"ns=((ha-hbs)/(ha-he))*nst//Efficiency of steam plant\n",
+"ngtp=(Wgt/(wf*(CV*10^3)))//Efficiency of the GT plant\n",
+"xL=((wg*cpg*(T6-(T1-273)))/(wf*(CV*10^3)))//Lost heat coefficient\n",
+"nov=(ns+ngtp-ns*ngtp-ngtp*xL)//The overall efficiency\n",
+"//Energy fluxes and irreversibilities\n",
+"si=(A+B*((18*1)/(8*12)))//si for octane C8H18\n",
+"dHo=(wf*CV*10^3)//Power in kW\n",
+"dGo=(si*dHo)//Power in kW\n",
+"TS=(dGo-dHo)//Power in kW\n",
+"//Compressor\n",
+"dS=(cpa*log(T2/T1))-(((cpa*(g-1))/g)*log(rp))//change in entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"Ic=(wa*T1*dS)//power in kW\n",
+"Icx=((wg*T1*((cpg*log(Tm/T1))-(((cpg*(g1-1))/g1)*log(pcx))))-(wa*T1*((cpa*log(T2/T1))-(((cpa*(g-1))/g)*log(rp))))+TS)//Compressor in kW\n",
+"Icg=(-cpg*log(Tm/T4))-(((cpg*(g1-1))/g1)*log(p4/pcx))//Difference in entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"IGT=(Icg*T1*wg)//Gas turbine in kW\n",
+"se=2.046//Enntropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"sae=(sa-se)//Difference in entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s64=(cpg*log((T6+273)/T4))-(((cpg*(g1-1))/g1)*log(p4/p1))//Difference in entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"Ih=(T1*m*sae)+(wg*T1*s64)//For HRSG in kW\n",
+"hb=(ha-(nst*(ha-hbs)))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xb=(hb-121.46)/2432.9//Dryness Fraction\n",
+"sb=(0.4226+xb*8.052)//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"Ist=(m*(sb-sa)*T1)//For steam turbine in kW\n",
+"Iexh=(wg*cpg*((T6-(T1-273))-(T1*log((T6+273)/T1))))//For exhaust in kW\n",
+"Tl=Icx+Icg+IGT+Ih+Ist+Iexh//Exergy losses in kW\n",
+"T=Tl+Wgt+Wst//Total exergy output and exergy destruction in kW\n",
+"ee=((Wst+Wgt)/T)*100//Exergy efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Total power output is %3.2f kW and overall efficiency is %3.2f percent lost heat coefficient is %3.3f\n Exergy efficiency is %3.0f percent \n\n Input is %3.0f kW \n Total Output is %3.0f kW \n Total losses is %3.0f kW \n Exergy outut + exergy destruction = %3.0f kW which is 1.3 percent gretter than the exergy input',TO,no,xL,ee,dGo,(Wgt+Wst),Tl,T)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.5: Overall_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"n1=0.5//Efficiency of mercury\n",
+"n2=0.4//Efficiency of steam\n",
+"n3=0.25//Efficiency of composite cycle\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"n=(1-(1-n1)*(1-n2)*(1-n3))*100//Overall efficiency of the combined cycle in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The overall efficiency of the combined cycle is %3.1f percent',n)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.6: Overall_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"z=30//Percentage of total energy of fuel\n",
+"n=40//Cycle efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"on=((z/100)+(1-(z/100))*(n/100))*100//Overall efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The overall efficiency of the combined plant is %3.0f percent',on)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.7: Power_output_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Tc=1250+273//Cathode temperature in K\n",
+"Ta=500+273//Anode temperature in K\n",
+"e=1.602*10^-19//Charge in coloumb\n",
+"K=1.38*10^-23//Boltzmann constant in J/molecule.K\n",
+"b=18//Constant\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Va=((b*K*Ta)/e)//Voltage of anode in V\n",
+"Vc=((b*K*Tc)/e)//Voltage of cathode in V\n",
+"Vo=Vc-Va//Output voltage in V\n",
+"Ja=(120*Ta^2*exp(-b))//Current density in Cathode in A/cm^2\n",
+"Jc=(120*Tc^2*exp(-b))//Current density in Anode in A/cm^2\n",
+"P=Vo*(Jc-Ja)//Power output per unit area in /cm^2\n",
+"nth=(((Tc-Ta)/Tc)*(b/(b+2)))*100//Thermal efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The output voltage is %3.4f V \n (b) The current density in the cathode is %3.3f A/cm^2 and anode is %3.3f A/cm^2 \n (c) Power output per unit area is %3.2f W/cm^2 \n (d) Thermal efficiency is %3.1f percent',Vo,Jc,Ja,P,nth)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.8: Thermal_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=100//Power in kW\n",
+"V=115//Voltage in V\n",
+"To=1500//Outer temperature in K\n",
+"Te=1000//Exit temperature in K\n",
+"Ta=350//Ambient temperature in K\n",
+"nth=30//Thermal efficiency in percent\n",
+"nge=92//Generator efficiency in percent\n",
+"//Properties of thermoelectrons \n",
+"a=0.0012//At 1250K in V/K\n",
+"kp=0.02//In W/cm.K\n",
+"kn=0.03//In W/cm.K\n",
+"dp=0.01//In ohm.cm\n",
+"dn=0.012//In ohm.cm\n",
+"J=20//Current density in A/cm^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"zmax=(a^2/(sqrt(dp*kp)+sqrt(dn*kn))^2)//Maximum value of figure of merit in K^-1\n",
+"mo=sqrt(1+(zmax*((To+Te)/2)))//Optimum value of the resistance ratio\n",
+"nmax=(((To-Te)/To)*((mo-1)/(mo+(Te/To))))*100//Maximum thermal efficiency in percent\n",
+"Vl=(a*(To-Te)*(mo/(mo+1)))//Voltage per couple in V\n",
+"nc=(V/Vl)//Number of couples in series\n",
+"L=((a*(To-Te))/((1+mo)*(dp+dn)))/J//Length in cm\n",
+"A=((P*Te)/V)/J//Area in cm^2\n",
+"I=(J*A)//Current in A\n",
+"Vo=(a*(To-Te))//Voltage in V\n",
+"Q1=((a*I*To)-((1/2)*(L/A)*I^2*(dp+dn))+((A/L)*(kp+kn)*(To-Te)))/1000//Heat input to the thermoelectric generator in kW\n",
+"Q2=((a*I*Te)+((A/L)*(kp+kn)*(To-Te))+P)/1000//Heat rejected at full load in kW\n",
+"Q1n=(((A/L)*(kp+kn)*(To-Te)))/1000//At no load heat input in kW\n",
+"Q2n=Q1n//At no load heat rejected in kW\n",
+"no=((nmax/100)+(1-(nmax/100))*(nth/100)*(nge/100))*100//Overall efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The thermal efficiency of thermocouple generator is %3.1f percent \n (b) The number of thermo couples in series is %i \n (c) The lenght of the thermal elements is %3.3f cm and area is %3.2f cm^2 \n (d) The output open-circuit voltage is %3.1f V \n (e) At full load: \n The heat input is %3.3f kW \n The heat rejected is %3.3f kW \n At no load: \n The heat input is %3.3f kW \n The heat rejected is %3.3f kW \n (f) The overall efficiency of the combined thermo-electric steam power plant is %3.2f percent',nmax,nc,L,A,Vo,Q1,Q2,Q1n,Q2n,no)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/4-Fuels_and_combustion.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/4-Fuels_and_combustion.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15654f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/4-Fuels_and_combustion.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 4: Fuels and combustion"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.10: Motor_capacity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"tg=180;//The gas temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"p=250;//The draught produced by the ID fan in mm\n",
+"nf=0.52;//The efficiency of the fan\n",
+"Va=0.858;//Volume flow rate of air in m^3/kg\n",
+"g=9.812;//gravitational force constant in m/s^2\n",
+"Wf=10;//Coal rate in t/h\n",
+"Wa=12.9;//Actual air required per kg fuel in kg air/kg fuel\n",
+"ta=30;//Room temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Wfg=[(Wf+(Wa*10))*1000]/3600;//Fuel gas required in kg/s\n",
+"Vfg=[Va*(tg+273)]/(ta+273);//Volume flow rate of fuel gas in m^3/kg\n",
+"ID=((Wfg*Vfg*p*g)/(nf))/1000;//ID fan motor capacity in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The motor capacity of the ID fan is %3.2f kW ',ID)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.11: Volumetric_compositio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"CO2=13.2;//The volume of carbondioxide present in the partial analysis of dry flue gas in %\n",
+"O2=3.2;//The volume of oxygen present in the partial analysis of dry flue gas in %\n",
+"C=88;//The mass of carbon present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"H=4.4;//The mass of hydrogen present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"A=7.6;//The mass of ash present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"M=0;//Moisture present in the fuel was nil\n",
+"Mc=12;//Molecular weight of the carbon \n",
+"Mh=2;//Molecular weight of the hydrogen\n",
+"Mo=32;//Molecular weight of the oxygen\n",
+"Mho=18;//Molecular weight of water\n",
+"p=101.325;//Atmospheric pressure in kPa\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"c=C/Mc;//Equating coefficients of the carbon from the equation \n",
+"g=H/Mh;//Equating coefficients of the hydrogen from the equation \n",
+"x=(CO2/100)/(O2/100);//From dry fuel gas analysis (dfg) \n",
+"d=[[(CO2/100)*(47.5)]-7.333]/[[(CO2/100)*(3.032)]-1];//Coefficient of the carbonmonoxide in the equations product side\n",
+"b=c-d;//Coefficient of the carbondioxide in the equation product side\n",
+"a=10.21-(0.742*d);//Coefficient of the oxygen in the reactant side of the equation \n",
+"e=b/x;//Coefficient of the oxygen in the product side of the equation \n",
+"f=3.76*a;//Equating coefficients of the nitrogen from the equation \n",
+"ma=(a*Mo)/0.232;//Mass of air supplied for 100 kg coal in kg\n",
+"ma1=ma/100;//Mass of air supplied per kg coal in kg\n",
+"T=b+d+e+f;//Total number of moles of dry flue gas (dfg)\n",
+"CO21=(b/T)*100;//Carbondioxide by volume in percentage\n",
+"O21=(e/T)*100;//Oxygen by volume in percentage\n",
+"CO1=(d/T)*100;//Carbonmonoxide by volume in percentage\n",
+"N21=(f/T)*100;//Nitrogen by volume in percentage\n",
+"Mwv=(g*Mho)/100;//Mass of watervapour formed per kg coal in kg\n",
+"Mf=(g)/(b+d+e+f+g);//Mole fraction of water vapour in flue gas\n",
+"P=Mf*p;//Partial pressure of water vapour in kPa\n",
+"D=32.9;//Dew point temperature from steam tables in degree centigrade\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The complete volumetric composition of the dry flue gas is \n Carbondioxide by volume = %3.2f percentage \n Oxygen by volume = %3.2f percentage \n Carbonmonoxide by volume = %3.2f percentage \n Nitrogen by volume = %3.2f percentage \n (b) The actual amount of air supplied per kg coal = %3.2f kg \n (c) Mass of water vapour formed per kg coal = %3.2f kg \n (d) The dew point temperature of the flue gas = %3.2f degree centigrade ',CO21,O21,CO1,N21,ma1,Mwv,D)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.12: Height_of_gas_plume.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"H=200;//Height of the stack in m\n",
+"D=4;//Diameter of the stack in m\n",
+"m=1000;//Mass flow rate of gas in kg/s\n",
+"Ts=100;//Stack exit gas temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"Ta=5;//Ambient air temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"Vw=50;//Wind velocity in Km/h\n",
+"Cp=1.005;//Specific heat of the gas in kJ/kgK\n",
+"pi=3.142;//Mathematical constant the value of pi\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Vw1=(50*1000)/(60*60);//Wind velocity in m/s\n",
+"Qe=m*Cp*(Ts-Ta);//Heat emission from plume in kW\n",
+"Qe1=Qe/1000;//Heat emission from the plume in MW\n",
+"p=(101.325)/(0.287*373);//Density of the gas in kg/m^3\n",
+"A=(pi*D^2)/4;//Area of the stack in m^2\n",
+"Vs=m/(p*A);//Stack gas exict velocity in m/s\n",
+"H1=[(2.62*(Qe1^(1/2))*1000)/Vw1]-[(0.029*Vs*D)/Vw1];//The height of the gas plume in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The height of the gas plume is H = %3.1f m ',H1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.13: Thermal_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"CV=20;//Calorific value of the fuel in MJ/kg\n",
+"C=65;//The amount of carbon present in the fuel according to gravimetric analysis in %\n",
+"H=25;//The amount of hydrogen present in the fuel according to gravimetric analysis in %\n",
+"O=10;//The amount of oxygen present in the fuel according to gravimetric analysis in %\n",
+"p1=1;//Pressure at the inlet of the compressor in bar\n",
+"t1=27;//Temperature at the inlet of the compressor in degree centigrade\n",
+"p2=4;//The pressure which compressor compresses it isentropically in bar\n",
+"Re=78;//The regenerator effectiveness in %\n",
+"CO2=6;//The amount of carbondioxide according to the analysis of dry exhaust gas in %\n",
+"CO=1.5;//The amount of carbonmonoxide according to the analysis of dry exhaust gas in %\n",
+"Cp=1.005;//Specific heat capacity of the air in kJ/kgK\n",
+"i=1.44;//Isentropic index for the air\n",
+"Cp1=1.15;//Specific heat capacity of the air in kJ/kgK\n",
+"i1=1.33;//Isentropic index for the combustion products\n",
+"Mc=12;//Molecular weight of the carbon \n",
+"Mh=2;//Molecular weight of the hydrogen\n",
+"Mo=32;//Molecular weight of the oxygen\n",
+"Mho=18;//Molecular weight of water\n",
+"T0=288;//Datum temperature in K (Assumed)\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h=(C/100)/(Mc);//Equating coefficients of the carbon from the equation \n",
+"e=(H/100)/Mh;//Equating coefficients of the hydrogen from the equation \n",
+"y=(CO/100)/(CO2/100);//From dry exhaust gas analysis for solving\n",
+"a=h/(1+y);//The coefficient of the carbondioxide in the product side of the equation \n",
+"b=h-a;//The coefficient of the carbonmonoxide in the product side of the equation \n",
+"z=b/(CO/100);//The sum of coefficients of the product side of the equation \n",
+"x=z-(b/2)+(e/2);//Mol of air supplied in kmol\n",
+"wa=x*28.96;//Air supplied in kg/kg fuel\n",
+"wf=1;//Assuming 1 kg of fuel supplied\n",
+"T2=(t1+273)*(p2/p1)^((i-1)/i);//Temperature at the outlet of the compressor in K\n",
+"T3=[[(wa*Cp*(T2-T0))+(wf*CV*1000)]/[(wa+wf)*(Cp1)]]+T0;//Maximum temperature of the cycle in K\n",
+"T4=T3/[(4)^((i1-1)/i1)];//Temperature at point of the cycle in K\n",
+"T5=[(Re/100)*(T4-T2)]+T2;//Temperature at point of the cycle in K\n",
+"Wc=wa*Cp*(T2-(t1+273));//Work done by the compressor in kW\n",
+"Wt=23.54*Cp1*(T3-T4);//Work done by the turbine in kW\n",
+"Q1=23.54*Cp1*(T3-T5);//Total work done by the system in kW\n",
+"nc=(Wt-Wc)/Q1;//Efficiency of the cycle \n",
+"nc1=nc*100;//Efficiency of the cycle in %\n",
+"spc=3600/(Wt-Wc);//Specific fuel consumption in kg/kWh\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output \n",
+"printf('(a) The maximum temperature of the cycle T3 = %3.0f K \n (b)Thermal efficiency of the plant = %3.3f or %3.2f percentage\n (c) Specific fuel consumption = %3.3f kg/kWh ',T3,nc,nc1,spc)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.1: Mass_flow_rate.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=84;//The mass of carbon present in the fuel in %\n",
+"H=10;//The mass of hydrogen present in the fuel in %\n",
+"S=3.2;//The mass of sulphur present in the fuel in %\n",
+"O=1.6;//The mass of oxygen present in the fuel in %\n",
+"I=1.2;//The mass of incombustible in the fuel in %\n",
+"X=15.72;//The flue gas of combined CO2 and SO2 by volume in %\n",
+"Og=1;//The flue gas of O2 by volume in %\n",
+"Y=100;//Let us consider the fuel oil in kg\n",
+"C1=12;//Molecular weight of Carbon \n",
+"H1=2;//Molecular weight of hydrogen\n",
+"S1=32;//Molecular weight of sulphur\n",
+"O1=32;//Molecular weight of oxygen\n",
+"Co2=44;//Molecular weight of carbondioxide\n",
+"So2=64;//Molecular weight of sulphurdioxide\n",
+"N1=28;//Molecular weight of nitrogen \n",
+"H2O=18;//Molecular weight of water\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"b=C/C1;//Equating coefficients of the carbon from equation\n",
+"g=H/H1;//Equating coefficients of the hydrogen from equation\n",
+"d=S/S1;//Equating coefficients of the sulphur from the equation\n",
+"e=(b+d)/(X/Og);//By volumetric analysis\n",
+"x=b+d+e+(g/2)-(O/O1);//Moles of oxygen are supplied for combustion\n",
+"f=3.76*x;//Equating coefficients of the nitrogen from equation\n",
+"Mo=x*O1;//Mass of oxygen supplied in kg\n",
+"Ma=Mo/0.232;//Mass of air supplied for 100 kg of fuel in kg\n",
+"Wa=Ma/100;//Mass of air supplied for 1 kg fuel in kg\n",
+"Wrh={(11.5*C)+(34.5*[(H)-(O/8)])+(4.3*S)}/100;//Theoretical air required per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+"E=[(Wa-Wrh)/Wrh]*100;//Percentage of excess air in %\n",
+"D=(b*Co2)+(d*So2)+(e*O1)+(f*N1);//Mass of dry flue gas formed for 100 kg fuel in kg\n",
+"dfg=D/100;//Mass of dry flue gas formed per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+"Mw=(g*H2O)/100;//Mass of water vapour formed per kg of fuel\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Mass of air supplied WA = %3.2f kg \n (b)Percentage excess air supplied = %3.2f percentage \n (c)mass of dry flue gas formed = %3.2f kg \n (d) Mass of water vapour formed = %3.2f kg',Wa,E,dfg,Mw)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.2: Percentage_of_excess_air.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc \n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"CO2=11.5;//Percentage of carbondioxide present in combustion in %\n",
+"O2=2.7;//Percentage of oxygen present in the combustion in %\n",
+"CO=0.7;//Percentage of carbonmonoxide present in the combuston in %\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations \n",
+"a=85.1/3.76;//Equating moles for nitrogen from the equation \n",
+"x=(CO2+CO)/3;//Equating moles for carbon from the equation \n",
+"b=[a-CO2-(CO/2)-O2]*2;//Equating moles for oxygen from the equation \n",
+"y=a/x;//Moles of oxygen supplied for one mole of propane gas\n",
+"z=5;//Theoretically 5 moles of oxygen are required for reacting\n",
+"E=[(y-z)/z]*100;//The excess of air supplied in %\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The percentage excess air used is = %3.1f percentage',E)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.3: Air_fuel_ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"CO2=12.1;//The amount of carbondioxide released from the combustion in %\n",
+"O2=3.8;//The amount of oxygen released from the combustion in %\n",
+"CO=0.9;//The amount of carbonmonoxide released from the combustion in %\n",
+"MO=32;//Molecular weight of Oxygen\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"a=83.2/3.76;//Equating moles for nitrogen from the equation \n",
+"b=(2*a)-(2*CO2)-(2*O2)-CO;//Equating moles for oxygen from the equation\n",
+"x=CO2+CO;//Equating moles for carbon from the equation\n",
+"y=2*b;//Equating moles for hydrogen from the equation\n",
+"z=18.75;//Moles of Oxygen from the stoichiometric equation \n",
+"z1=a;//Moles of Oxygen from the combustion equation \n",
+"E=[(z1-z)/z]*100;//Percentage of excess air in%\n",
+"A=(a*MO)/0.232;//Actual air supplied per mole of C13H23\n",
+"Mc=179;//Molecular weight of C13H23\n",
+"Af=A/Mc;//Air fuel ratio during the test\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The air fuel ratio during the test = %3.2f \n (b) The excess or deficiency of air used = %3.0f Percentage of excess air used',Af,E)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.4: Power_output_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=61;//The mass of carbon present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"H=4;//The mass of hydrogen present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"O=3;//The mass of oxygen present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"N=2;//The mass of nitrogen present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"S=1;//The mass of sulphur present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"M=4;//The mass of moisture present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"A=25;//The mass of ash present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"HHV=24.3;//The high heating value of the coal i.e energy released by complete combustion of 1 kg fuel in MJ/kg\n",
+"CO2=12;//The amount of carbondioxide by volume according to dry flue gas analysis in %\n",
+"CO=1.5;//The amount of carbonmonoxide by volume according to dry flue gas analysis in %\n",
+"O2=7;//The amount of oxygen by volume according to dry flue gas analysis in %\n",
+"N2=79.5;//The amount of nitrogen by volume according to dry flue gas analysis in %\n",
+"Te=170;//Exhaust gas temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"L=0.03;//Energy loss other than dry exhaust loss and incomplete combustion is 3% of HHV\n",
+"R=150;//Steam generation rate in t/h\n",
+"Po=100;//Steam condition at boiler outlet in bar\n",
+"To=500;//Steam condition at boiler outlet in degree centigrade\n",
+"Ti=160;//Feed water inlet temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"HCO2=33083;//Heat of reaction in kJ/kg carbon\n",
+"HCO=9500;//Heat of reaction in kJ/kg carbon\n",
+"cp=1.05;//Heat capacity of dry flue gas (dfg) in kJ/kgK\n",
+"Ta=30;//The ambient temperature of air in degree centigrade\n",
+"Mc=44;//Molecular weight of Carbondioxide\n",
+"Mco=28;//Molecular weight of carbonmonoxide\n",
+"Mo=32;//Molecular weight of oxygen\n",
+"Mn=28;//Molecular weight of nitrogen\n",
+"Mx=12;//Molecular weight of carbon\n",
+"h1=3373.7;//Enthalpy at 100 bar and 500 degree centigrade in kJ/kg\n",
+"hf=675.55;//Enthalpy at 160 degree centigrade in kJ/kg\n",
+"hg=2724.7;//Enthalpy at 100 bar in kJ/kg\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Mdfg=([(C/100)*[(Mc*(CO2/100))+(Mco*(CO/100))+(Mo*(N2/100))]]/[Mx*[(CO2/100)+(CO/100)]]);//Mass of dry flue gas produced per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+"Ed=Mdfg*cp*(Te-Ta);//Energy loss due to dry exhaust gas in kJ/kg fuel\n",
+"//Since Mdfg is 11.73kg through sciab calculation, there is a variation in Ed value and Ei value\n",
+"Ei=[(Mdfg)*(HCO2-HCO)*(Mx/Mco)]*[(Mco*(CO/100))/[(Mc*(CO2/100))+(Mco*(CO/100))+(Mo*(O2/100))+(Mco*(N2/100))]];//Energy loss due to incomplete combustion in kJ/kg fuel\n",
+"El=L*HHV;//Energy loss other than dry exhaust loss and incomplete combustion loss in MJ/kg fuel\n",
+"TEl=(Ed/1000)+(Ei/1000)+El;//Total energy loss in MJ/kg fuel\n",
+"Be=[(HHV-TEl)/(HHV)]*100;//Boiler efficiency in %\n",
+"Wf=([(R*1000)*(h1-hf)]/((Be/100)*HHV*1000))/3600;//The fuel burning rate in kg/s\n",
+"Wth=(11.5*(C/100))+(34.5*[(H/100)-(O/800)])+(4.3*(S/100));//Thearetical air required per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+"WA=[[(3.04*(N2/100)*(C/100))]/[(CO2/100)+(CO/100)]]-[(N/100)*(1/0.768)];//Actual air supplied per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+"per=[(WA-Wth)/Wth]*100;//Percentage excess air used in %\n",
+"pea=[(h1-hg)/(h1-hf)]*100;//Percentage of energy absorbed in the superheater\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The amount of dry flue gas produced per kg fuel = %3.2f kg \n (b)The dry exhaust loss = %3.1f kJ/kg fuel and incomplete combustion loss per kg fuel = %3.2f kJ/kg fuel \n (c)The boiler efficiency = %3.2f percentage \n (d) THe fuel burning rate = %3.3f kg/s \n (e)The percentage of excess air used = %3.2f percentage \n (f) The percentage of energy absorbed in the superheater = %3.2f percentage',Mdfg,Ed,Ei,Be,Wf,per,pea)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.5: Total_volume_of_combustio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C=83.7;//The amount of carbon present in the fuel oil according to ultimate analysis of a fuel oil in %\n",
+"H=12.7;//The amount of hydrogen present in the fuel oil according to ultimate analysis of a fuel oil in %\n",
+"O=1.2;//The amount of oxygen present in the fuel oil according to ultimate analysis of a fuel oil in %\n",
+"N=1.7;//The amount of nitrogen present in the fuel oil according to ultimate analysis of a fuel oil in %\n",
+"S=0.7;//The amount of sulphur present in the fuel oil according to ultimate analysis of a fuel oil in %\n",
+"td=27;//The dry bulb temperature of combustion air in degree centigrade\n",
+"tw=21;//The wet bulb temperature of combustion air in degree centigrade\n",
+"E=0.3;//Excess air and assuming complete combustion in %\n",
+"t=200;//Temperature to find total volume of combustion products in degree centigrade\n",
+"p=1.013;//Pressure to find total volume of combustion procucts in bar\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Wth=(11.5*(C/100))+[34.5*((H/100)-(O/100)*(1/8))]+(4.3*(S/100));//Theoretical air required per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+"WA=(1+E)*Wth;//Actual air required per kg of fuel in kg/kg fuel\n",
+"sh=0.0132;//Specific humidity at DBT and WBT in kg moisture/kg dry air\n",
+"W=WA*sh;//Water vapour entering with air per kg fuel in kg vap/kg fuel\n",
+"Tw=(9*(H/100))+WA;//Total water vapour formed per kg fuel in kg\n",
+"CO2=(44/12)*(C/100);//mass of carbondioxide gas per kg of fuel\n",
+"O2=0.232*E*Wth;//Mass of oxygen gas per kg of fuel\n",
+"N2=0.768*(1+E)*Wth+(N/100);//Mass of nitrogen gas per kg of fuel\n",
+"SO2=(64/32)*(S/100);//Mass of nitrogen gas per kg of fuel\n",
+"H2O=1.383;//Mass of water per kg of fuel\n",
+"M=(CO2/44)+(O2/32)+(N2/28)+(SO2/64)+(H2O/18);//Moles of combustion gases formed per kg fuel\n",
+"VG=M*22.4*[(273+t)/273]*(1.013/1.013);//Volume of flue gases at 200 degree centigrade and 1.013 bar per kg fuel\n",
+"CO21=((CO2/44)/[(CO2/44)+(O2/32)+(N2/28)])*100;//Composition of dry flue gas CO2 by volume\n",
+"O21=((O2/32)/[(CO2/44)+(O2/32)+(N2/28)])*100;//Composition of dry flue gas O2 by volume\n",
+"N21=((N2/28)/[(CO2/44)+(O2/32)+(N2/28)])*100;//Composition of dry flue gas N2 by volume\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The total volume of combustion products at 200 degee centigrade and 1.013 bar = %3.2f m^3 \n (b)The dry flue gas analysis based on carbondioxide,oxygen and nitrogen is \n Carbondioxide = %3.2f percent \n Oxygen = %3.2f percent \n Nitrogen = %3.2f percent',VG,CO21,O21,N21)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.6: Flue_gas_analysis.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"C2H6=22.6;//The amount of gas present in the fuel gas according to volumetric analysis of fuel gas by volume in %\n",
+"CH4=73.6;//The amount of gas present in the fuel gas according to volumetric analysis of fuel gas by volume in %\n",
+"CO2=2.4;//The amount of gas present in the fuel gas according to volumetric analysis of fuel gas by volume in %\n",
+"N2=1.4;//The amount of gas present in the fuel gas according to volumetric analysis of fuel gas by volume in %\n",
+"E=0.25;//Assuming combustion air to be dry and in excess\n",
+"t=260;//The temperature for the total gas volume for complete combustion in degree centigrade\n",
+"p=1.013;//The pressure for the total gas volume for complete combustion in bar\n",
+"Mch=30;//Molecular weight of C2H6\n",
+"Mc=16;//Molecular weight of CH4\n",
+"Mco=44;//Molecular weight of CO2\n",
+"Mn=28;//Molecular weight of N2\n",
+"Mo=32;//Molecular weight of O2\n",
+"Mh=18;//Molecular weight of H2O\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"x=100;//Assuming 100 moles of fuel gas \n",
+"Mf=[(C2H6/100)*Mch]+[(CH4/100)*Mc]+[(N2/100)*Mn]+[(CO2/100)*Mco];//Molecular weight of fuel gas\n",
+"Ma=[(226.3*(Mo+(3.76*Mn))*(1+E))]/28.96;//Moles of air supplied\n",
+"Mc=1440;//Moles of combustion gas from the equation \n",
+"Mr=x+Ma+Mc;//Total reaction molecules\n",
+"Mwc=[(121.2*Mco)+(215*Mh)+(56.6*Mo)+(1065.4*Mn)]/Mc;//Molecular weight of combustion gas in kg/kgmol\n",
+"Mt=Mc/(x*20);//Total number of moles of combustion gas per kg fuel gas\n",
+"VG=Mt*22.4*[(273+t)/273];//Volume of combustion products per kg fuel gas\n",
+"CO21=(121.2/(121.2+56.6+1065.4))*100;//Gas analysis of CO2 by volume\n",
+"O21=(56.6/1243.2)*100;//Gas analysis of O2 by volume\n",
+"N2=(1065.4/1243.2)*100;//Gas analysis of N2 by volume\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The molecular weight of the combustion products M = %3.2f kg/kg mol \n (b) The total gas volume for complete combustion at 260 degree centigrade and 1.013 bar is %3.2f m^3/kg fuel \n (c)The dry flue gas analysis on \n carbondioxide = %3.1f percent \n oxygen = %3.1f percent \n nitrogen = %3.1f percent ',Mwc,VG,CO21,O21,N2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.7: Air_leakage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"CO21=9.7;//Carbondioxide gas analysis before the air preheater \n",
+"CO22=9.2;//Carbondioxide gas analysis after the air preheater\n",
+"O21=4.0;//Oxygen gas analysis before the air preheater\n",
+"O22=4.9;//Oxygen gas analysis after the air preheater\n",
+"N21=86.3;//Nitrogen gas analysis before the air preheater\n",
+"N22=85.9;//Nitrogen gas analysis after the air preheater\n",
+"C=72;//The coal used shows the carbon percentage by mass in %\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"W1=[(3.04)*(N21/100)*(C/100)]/[(CO21/100)];//Before air preheater in kg air/kg fuel\n",
+"W2=[(3.04)*(N22/100)*(C/100)]/[(CO22/100)];//After air preheater in kg air/kg fuel\n",
+"A=W2-W1;//Air leakage in kg air/kg fuel\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The air leakage into the air preheater per kg of coal fired is %3.0f kg air/kg fuel',A)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.8: Height_of_stack_and_diameter_of_base.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"n=6;//Total lancashire boilers in a textile factory\n",
+"Ws=6;//Each boiler supplying steam in t/h\n",
+"p=16;//Pressure at which steam is supplied in bar\n",
+"t=250;//Temperature at which steam is supplied in degree centigrade\n",
+"CV=43960;//Calorific value of the fuel oil in kJ/kg\n",
+"no=75;//Overall efficiency of the boiler in %\n",
+"a=16;//The amount of air required for efficient burning of the fuel inkg\n",
+"H=20;//Drought of water gauge required at the base of chimney in mm\n",
+"tf=320;//The flue gases leave the boiler in degree centigrade\n",
+"ts=300;//The average temperature of the gases in the stack in degree centigrade\n",
+"ta=30;//The atmospheric temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"R=0.287;//Real Gas constant in kJ/kgK\n",
+"h1=2919.2;//enthalpy at the entrance of the boiler in kJ/kgK\n",
+"hf=125.8;//Enthalpy at the feed in kJ/kgK\n",
+"pi=3.1412;//Mathematical constant\n",
+"g=9.81;//gravitational fore constant in m/s^2\n",
+"P=1.013;//Atmospheric pressure in bar\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"H1=[(H*R*(273+ta)*(273+ts))]/[P*100*[(273+ts)-(273+ta)]];//The draught produced in m\n",
+"Wf=[[(Ws*1000)*6*(h1-hf)]/((no/100)*CV)]/3600;//Air fuel ratio in kg/s\n",
+"Wa=a*Wf;//Actual air fuel ratio in kg/s\n",
+"Wfg=17*Wf;//Air fuel ratio in kg/s\n",
+"D=[[(Wfg*R*(273+ts)*(4/pi))]/[(101.3)*(2*g*H1)^(1/2)]]^(1/2);//Diameter at its base in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The height of the stack H = %3.2f m \n (b)The diameter at its base D = %3.2f m ',H1,D)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.9: Motor_capacity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Wf=10;//Coal rate in t/h\n",
+"C=78;//The mass of carbon present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"H=3;//The mass of hydrogen present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"O=3;//The mass of oxygen present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"S=1;//The mass of sulphur present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"M=7;//The mass of moisture present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"A=8;//The mass of ash present in the coal according to coal analysis on mass basis in %\n",
+"E=0.3;//Excess air in percentage\n",
+"p=180;//Plenum chamber pressure in mm water gauge\n",
+"nm=0.6;//Mechanical efficiency of the fan\n",
+"ta=30;//Room temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"R=0.287;//Real gas constant\n",
+"P=101.325;//Atmospheric pressure in kPa\n",
+"g=9.812;//gravitational force constant m/s^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Wth=(11.5*(C/100))+(34.5*[(H/100)-(O/(8*100))])+(4.3*(S/100));//Theoretical air required per kg fuel in kg air/kg fuel\n",
+"WA=Wth*(1+0.3);//Actual air required per kg fuel in kg air/kg fuel\n",
+"Va=(R*(273+ta))/P;//Volume flow rate of air in m^3/kg\n",
+"FD=((WA*Wf*1000*Va*p*g)/(3600*nm))/1000;//FD fan motor capacity in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The required motor capacity needed for the FD fan is %3.2f kW ',FD)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/5-Combustion_Mechanism_Combustion_equipment_and_Firing_Methods.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/5-Combustion_Mechanism_Combustion_equipment_and_Firing_Methods.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4f3aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/5-Combustion_Mechanism_Combustion_equipment_and_Firing_Methods.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 5: Combustion Mechanism Combustion equipment and Firing Methods"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.1: Total_surface_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Vs=2500;//The mass of a bed of solid particles in kg\n",
+"p=2650;//The density of the solid in kg/m^3\n",
+"d=800*10^-6;//The mean particle size in m\n",
+"s=0.84;//The sphericity of the particle\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"As=(6*Vs)/(p*d*s);//The total surface area of the particles in the bed\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf(' The total surface area of the particles in the bed As = %3.0f m^2 ',As)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.2: Voidage_of_the_bed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"d=427*10^-6;//The mean particle size in m\n",
+"pg=1.21;//The density of air in kg/m^3\n",
+"v=1.82*10^-5;//The viscosity of air in kg/ms\n",
+"pl=1620;//The density of the loosely packed bed in kg/m^3\n",
+"ps=2780;//The density of the solids in kg/m^3\n",
+"c1=27.2;//(Grace,1982)constant value.\n",
+"c2=0.0408;//(Grace,1982)constant value\n",
+"g=9.812;//Gravitational forc constant in m/s^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"E=1-(pl/ps);//The voidage of the bed\n",
+"Ar=[(pg)*(ps-pg)*g*(d^3)]/v^2;//Archimedes number\n",
+"Re=[c1^2+(c2*Ar)]^(0.5)-c1;//Reynolds number\n",
+"Umf=Re*v/(pg*d);//Minimum superficial velocity in m/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The voidage of the bed = %3.3f \n (b) The minimum fluidization velocity Umf = %3.3f m/s ',E,Umf)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.3: Sphericity_of_particles.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"d=427*10^-6;//The mean particle size in m\n",
+"pg=1.21;//The density of air in kg/m^3\n",
+"v=1.82*10^-5;//The viscosity of air in kg/ms\n",
+"Umf=0.14;//Minimum superficial velocity in m/s\n",
+"Ar=7753;//Archimedes number from previous example problem\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Re=(Umf*pg*d)/v;//Reynolds number\n",
+"function[f] = F(x);//function definition\n",
+"    f = 7753*x^2- 381.1*x -4793;\n",
+"endfunction\n",
+"x = 100;//Initial guss\n",
+"function[z] = D(x)//Derivative\n",
+"    z= 3*x^2 - 3;\n",
+"endfunction\n",
+"y = fsolve(x,F, D);\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The sphericity of particles is = %3.3f ',y)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.4: Flow_rate_of_limestone.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"O=35;//The output of the fluidized bed combustion system in MW\n",
+"n=0.80;//Efficiency of the fluidized bed combustion system \n",
+"H=26;//The heating value of coal in MJ/kg\n",
+"S=3.6;//Sulphur content in the coal in %\n",
+"C=3;//The calcium sulphur ratio \n",
+"Ca=85;//The amount of calcium carbonate in the limestone in %\n",
+"CaCO3=100;//The molecular weight of CaCO3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Cb=O/(n*H);//Coal burning rate in kg/s\n",
+"Cb1=Cb*3600;//Coal burning rate in kg/h\n",
+"Sf=(Cb1*(S/100))/32;//Flow rate of sulphur in Kmol/h\n",
+"Cf=Sf*C;//The flow rate of calcium in Kmol/h\n",
+"Caf=Cf*CaCO3;//Mass flow rate of CaCO3 in kg/h\n",
+"L=Caf/(Ca/100);//Mass flow rate of limestone in kg/h\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The required flow rate of limestone is %3.1f kg/h ',L)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.5: Rate_of_heat_removed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"CV=24;//The calorific value of the fuel in MJ/kg\n",
+"C=0.65;//The amount of calorific value released in the bed in %\n",
+"to=850;//Temperature at which products leave in degree centigrade\n",
+"ti=30;//The inlet temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"tb=850;//The bed temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"A=14.5;//The air fuel ratio by mass\n",
+"Cp=1.035;//The specific heat of the products leaving the bed surface in kJ/kgK\n",
+"B=7000;//The burning rate of coal in kg/h\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"H=(C*CV*1000)-(A*Cp*(to-ti));//Heat removal from the bed per kg fuel in kJ/kg fuel\n",
+"Hr=(H*B)/3600;//Rate of heat removal from the bed in kW\n",
+"Hb=(B/3600)*(1-C)*CV*1000;//The rate of heat removal from the above bed zone in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The rate of heat removal from the bed = %3.0f kW \n (b) The rate of heat removal from the above bed zone = %3.0f kW ',Hr,Hb)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.6: Platform_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"tb=850;//The bed temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"CV=25;//The calorific value of the fuel in MJ/kg\n",
+"A=9.5;//The stoichiometric air fuel ratio by mass\n",
+"E=20;//The amount of excess air used in %\n",
+"F=4.8;//The total fueling rate in MW\n",
+"p=0.3145;//The density of air at bed temperature in kg/m^3\n",
+"f=2;//The firing rate in MW/m^2\n",
+"v=2.7;//The fluidizing velocity in m/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"P=F/f;//Planform area in m^2\n",
+"m=(F*1000)/(CV*1000);//Fuel burning rate in kg/s\n",
+"ma=A*(1+(E/100))*m;//Mass flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+"Pa=ma/(p*v);//Planform area in m^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The planform area = %3.1f m^2 \n (b) Fuel burning rate = %3.3f kg/s \n    Air flow rate = %3.4f kg/s \n    Planform area = %3.2f m^2 ',P,m,ma,Pa)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/6-Steam_generators.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/6-Steam_generators.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c547c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/6-Steam_generators.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 6: Steam generators"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.1: Pressure_head.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"H=18;//The length of furnace wall riser in m\n",
+"O=76.2;//The outer diameter of the furnace wall riser in mm\n",
+"T=6.1;//The thickness of the furnace wall riser in mm\n",
+"P=80;//Pressure at which saturated water is recieved in bar\n",
+"V=1.5;//The velocity of the saturated water in m/s\n",
+"CR=12.5;//Assuming circulation ratio\n",
+"S=1.2;//Assuming slip ratio\n",
+"g=9.81;//Gravitational force constant in m/s^2\n",
+"pi=3.142;//Mathematical constant\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"xt=1/CR;//The quality of steam at the top of the riser\n",
+"vf=0.001384;//Specific volume of saturated liquid at 80 bar in m^3/kg\n",
+"vfg=0.02214;//Specific volume of Evaporation gas at 80 bar in m^3/kg\n",
+"vg=0.02352;//Specific volume of saturated gas at 80 bar in m^3/kg\n",
+"pf=1/vf;//Density of the saturated liquid at 80 bar in kg/m^3\n",
+"vt=vf+(xt*vfg);//Specific volume of the steam at the top of the riser in m^3/kg\n",
+"pt=1/vt;//Density of steam at the top of the riser in kg/m^3\n",
+"pm=(pt+pf)/2;//Mean density in kg/m^3\n",
+"Ph=[H*g*(pf-pm)]/1000;//The pressure head developed in kPa\n",
+"C=(vf/vg)*S;//The part of calculation for the void fraction\n",
+"VF=1/[1+((1-xt)*C)/xt];//The void fraction at riser exit\n",
+"hfg=1441.3;//Enthalpy of the evaporation in kJ/kg\n",
+"di=O-12.2;//Inner diameter of the furnace wall riser in mm\n",
+"A=(pi*di^2)/4;//Inner area in m^2\n",
+"w=pf*A*V;//Mass flow rate of saturated water entering the riser in kg/s\n",
+"ws=xt*w;//The rate of steam formation in the riser tube in kg/s\n",
+"h=[(ws*hfg)/(O*H)]/1000;//Heat transfer rate per unit projected area in kW/m^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//output\n",
+"printf('(a) The pressure head developed = %3.1f kPa \n (b)The void fraction at riser exit = %3.4f \n (c) The heat transfer rate per unit projected area = %3.1f kW/m^2 ',Ph,VF,h)\n",
+" "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.2: Amount_of_water_required.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"t=60;//The temperature of water while supplying it to desuperheater in degree centigrade\n",
+"ws=200;//The amount of steam carrying in a steam line in t/h\n",
+"p=35;//The pressure of steam in bar\n",
+"ts=400;//The temperature to be maintained by the steam in degree centigrade\n",
+"to=450;//The outlet temperature of the steam from boiler in degree centigrade\n",
+"h1=3337.2;//The enthalpy of steam at 450 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2=252;//The enthalpy of water at 60 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=3222.3;//The enthalpy of steam at 400 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"w=(ws*(h1-h3))/(h3-h2);//Mass flow rate of water in t/h\n",
+"w1=w*(1000/3600);//Mass flow rate of water in kg/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The amount of water that must be sprayed is %3.3f t/h  or  %3.3f kg/s ',w,w1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.3: Pressure_head.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"H=15;//The high of downcomer riser circuit in m\n",
+"P=160;//The pressure at which downcomer riser circuit operates in bar\n",
+"xe=0.5;//The exit quality of the steam \n",
+"S=1.2;//Slip factor\n",
+"vf=0.001711;//Specific volume of saturated liquid in m^3/kg\n",
+"vg=0.009306;//Specific volume of saturated gas in m^3/kg\n",
+"g=9.806;//Gravitational force constant in m/s^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"C=S*(vf/vg);//The part of calculation for the void fraction \n",
+"VF=1/[1+((1-xe)*C)/xe];//The void fraction at riser exit\n",
+"pf=1/vf;//Density of the saturated liquid in kg/m^3\n",
+"pg=1/vg;//Density of the saturated gas in kg/m^3\n",
+"pm=pf-[[(pf-pg)/(1-C)]*[1-{(1/((VF)*(1-C)))-1}*log(1/(1-(VF*(1-C))))]];//The average mixture density in the riser in kg/m^3\n",
+"P1=g*(pf-pm)*H;//Pressure head developed due to natural circulation in N/m^2\n",
+"P2=P1/1000;//ressure head developed due to natural circulation in kPa\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output \n",
+"printf('The pressure head developed due to natural circulation is %3.0f N/m^2  or  %3.3f kPa',P1,P2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.4: Steam_generation_rate.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"W=120;//The amount of electricity produced in the power plant in MW\n",
+"po=100;//The pressure of the steam at the outlet of boiler in bar\n",
+"to=500;//The temperature of steam at the outlet of boiler in degree centigrade\n",
+"p=0.1;//The condenser pressure in bar\n",
+"nb=0.9;//The efficiency of the boiler\n",
+"CV=25.7;//The calorific value of the coal in MJ/kg\n",
+"ti=160;//The feed water temperature at boiler inlet in degree centigrade\n",
+"H=40;//The high of the risers in the furnace wall in m\n",
+"xt=0.08;//The quality of the steam at the top of the riser\n",
+"v=2;//The exit velocity of the riser and entering the drum in m/s\n",
+"Do=60;//The outer diameter of the risers in mm\n",
+"T=3;//The thickness of the wall in mm\n",
+"pi=3.142;//Mathematical constant\n",
+"g=9.806;//Gravitational force constant in m/s^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3374.8;//Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.6011;//Entropy at point 1 in kJ/kgK\n",
+"sf=0.6479;//Entropy of the saturated liquid at point 1 in kJ/kgK\n",
+"sg=7.5055;//Entropy of the Saturated vapour at point 1 in kJ/kgK\n",
+"x2=(s1-sf)/sg;//The quality of the steam\n",
+"h2=191.46+(x2*2393.29);//Enthalpy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=191.46;//Enthalpy at point 3 in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=675.5;//Enthalpy at point 5 in kJ/kg\n",
+"ws=(W*1000)/(h1-h2);//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+"wf=(ws*(h1-h5))/(nb*CV*1000);//Mass flow rate of fuel in kg/s\n",
+"E=ws/wf;//Evaporation factor \n",
+"vf=0.0014523;//The specific volume of saturated liquid in m^3/kg\n",
+"vg=0.0165884;//The specific volume of saturated vapour in m^3/kg\n",
+"vt=vf+(xt*vg);//Specific volume at the top in m^3/kg\n",
+"pt=1/vt;//Density of the steam at the top in kg/m^3\n",
+"pf=1/vf;//The density of the steam in kg/m^3\n",
+"pm=(pf+pt)/2;//The average mixture density in kg/m^3\n",
+"H1=[g*H*(pf-pm)]/10^5;//Pressure head available for natural circulation in bar\n",
+"CR=1/xt;//Circulation ratio\n",
+"di=(Do-(2*T))/1000;//The inner diameter of the riser in m\n",
+"A=(pi*di^2)/4;//Area for the inner diameter in m^2\n",
+"w=(A*pt*v*xt);//The rate of steam formation in the riser in kg/s\n",
+"Nr=ceil(ws)/w;//The number of risers\n",
+"hfg=1319.8;//Enthalpy of the evaporation in kJ/kg\n",
+"Ha=(w*hfg)/((Do/1000)*H);//Heat absorption rate per unit projected area of the riser in kW/m^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output \n",
+"printf('(a)The steam generation rate = %3.3f kg/s \n (b) The fuel burning rate = %3.3f kg/s \n (c) The evaporation factor = %3.2f \n (d) The pressure head available for natural circulation = %3.4f bar \n (e) The circulation ratio = %3.1f \n (f)The number of risers required = %3.0f \n (g) The heat absorbtion rate per unit projected area of the riser = %3.2f kW/m^2',ws,wf,E,H1,CR,Nr,Ha)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.5: Blowdow.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"ws=64;//The steam flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"p=60;//The pressure at which steam leaves the boiler in bar\n",
+"m=0.02;//Moisture contant in the steam \n",
+"wf=62;//The feedwater flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"Pf=3;//concentration of feedwater in ppm\n",
+"wm=2;//The flow rate of makeup water \n",
+"Pm=50;//concentration of makeup water in ppm\n",
+"Ps=5;//Leaving the drum water in ppm\n",
+"Pw=1000;//The concentration in the drum water in ppm\n",
+"mf=7;//The fuel burning rate in kg/m\n",
+"CV=23;//The heating value in MJ/kg\n",
+"ta=30;//The room temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"hf=1213.35;//Enthalpy of saturated liquid at 60 bar in kJ/kg\n",
+"ha=125.79;//Enthalpy at ambient temperature in kJ/kg\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"BD=[(wf*Pf)+(wm*Pm)-(m*ws*Ps)]/1000;//The rate of blowdown in kg/s\n",
+"E=[(BD*(hf-ha))/(mf*CV*1000)]*100;//The energy loss in blowdown in percentage\n",
+"S=m*ws*Ps*10^-6*3600*24;//Scale deposition in superheater tubes\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The blowdown required = %3.4f kg/s \n (b) Heat loss in blowdown as a percentage of total heat released in the furnace = %3.2f percentage \n (c) The deposition of scale in superheater tube = %3.3f kg/day ',BD,E,S)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.6: Number_of_coils_needed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"ws=600;//Mass flow rate of feedwater in kg/s\n",
+"p=140;//The inlet pressure of the feedwater in bar\n",
+"t=170;//The inlet temperature of the feedwater in degree centigrade\n",
+"wg=1250;//The mass flow rate of flue gases in kg/s\n",
+"tg2=450;//The temperature at which flue gases leave the economisers coils in degree centigrade\n",
+"Vf=12;//The velocity of the flue gas in m/s\n",
+"Vw=1.2;//The velocity of the water leaving the coil in m/s\n",
+"Do=0.07;//The outer diameter of the tube in m\n",
+"Di=0.06;//The inner diameter of the tube in m\n",
+"U=70;//The overall heat transfer coefficient in W/m^2K\n",
+"Cp=1.12;//The specific heat capacity of the flue gases in kJ/kgK\n",
+"V=0.08;//The vertical pitch of the coil in m\n",
+"B=4.8;//The width of the duct in m\n",
+"C=0.005;//The clearence on the both sides of the duct in m\n",
+"pi=3.142;//Mathematical constant\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"hf=1571.1;//The enthalpy of the saturated liquid at 140 bar in kJ/Kg\n",
+"ts=336.75;//The saturated temperature at 140 bar in degree centigrade\n",
+"vf=0.001611;//The specific volume of the saturated liquid at 140 bar in m^3/kg\n",
+"hf1=719.21;//The enthalpy of the saturated liquid at 170 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"vf1=0.001114;//The specific volume of the saturated liquid at 170 degree C in m^3/kg\n",
+"tg1=[(ws*(hf-hf1))/(wg*Cp)]+tg2;//The temperature at which flue gases enters the economisers coils in degree centigrade\n",
+"t1m=(478.25-280)/(log(478.25/280));//The mean temperature for inlet and exit temperature in degree centigrade \n",
+"Q=ws*(hf-hf1);//The rate of heat transfer in the economiser in kW\n",
+"Ao=[Q/(U*t1m)]*10^3;//The outer area in m^2\n",
+"n=[(ws*(vf/Vw)*(4/pi)*(1/Di^2))];//The number of coils needed in the economiser\n",
+"l=Ao/(n*pi*Do);//The length of one coil in m\n",
+"nt=l/(B-(2*C));//The number of turns in on ecoil \n",
+"VH=nt*V;//The vertical height of the duct occupied by the economiser coils\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The number of coils needed in the economiser = %3.0f \n (b) The length of one coil = %3.1f m \n (c) The verticle height of the duct occupied by the economiser coils = %3.2f m ',n,l,VH)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.7: Number_of_tubes_and_the_length.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"tg2=160;//The temperature to which the flue gases are cooled in degree centigrade\n",
+"ta1=35;//The ambient temperature of the air in degree centigrade\n",
+"wa=1167;//The mass flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+"Vg=13;//The inlet velocity of the flue gases in m/s\n",
+"U=30;//The overall heat transfer coefficient in W/m^2K\n",
+"Cpg=1.10;//The specific heat of the flue gas in kJ/kgK\n",
+"Cpa=1.005;//The specific heat of the air in kJ/kgK\n",
+"R=0.287;//Real gas constant in kJ/kgK\n",
+"wg=1250;//The mass flow rate of gas in kg/s\n",
+"tg1=450;//The temperature at the inlet of flue gas in degree centigrade\n",
+"P=101.325;//Atmospheric temperature in kPa\n",
+"pi=3.1414;//Mathematical constant\n",
+"Di=0.06;//The inner diameter of the tube in m\n",
+"Do=0.065;//The outer diameter of the tube in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"vg1=(R*(273+tg1))/P;//Specific volume of the gas in m^3/kg\n",
+"ta2=[(wg*Cpg*(tg1-tg2))/(wa*Cpa)]+ta1;//The temperature of the heated air in degree centigrade\n",
+"t1m=(75-125)/log(75/125);//The mean temperature of the inlet and exit temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"Q=wg*Cpg*(tg1-tg2);//The rate of heat transfer in the economiser in kW\n",
+"Ao=[Q/(U*t1m)]*10^3;//The outer area in m^2\n",
+"n=[(wg*(vg1/Vg)*(4/pi)*(1/Di^2))];//The number of coils needed in the economiser\n",
+"l=Ao/(n*pi*Do);//The length of one coil in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The length of the tubes = %3.2f m\n (b) The number of tubes = %3.0f  ',l,n)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.8: Number_of_coils_needed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"di=0.05;//The inner diameter of the superheater coil in m\n",
+"T=0.005;//The thickness of the coil in m\n",
+"p=60;//The pressure of the steam at the exit in bar\n",
+"t=500;//The temperature of the steam at the exit in degree centigrade\n",
+"V2=10;//The velocity of the steam at the exit in m/s\n",
+"ws=80;//The mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+"H=140;//The heat flux in the super heated coils in kW/m^2\n",
+"pi=3.142;//Mathematical constant\n",
+"Do=0.06;//The outer diameter of the tube in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=2784.3;//The enthalpy of the saturated gas at 60 bar in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2=3422.2;//The enthalpy of the saturated gas at 500 degreeC in kJ/kg\n",
+"v2=0.05665;//The specific volume of gas at 500 degreeC in m^3/kg\n",
+"Q=ws*(h2-h1);//Heat absorption rate in superheater coil in kW\n",
+"Ao=Q/H;//Surface area required in m^2\n",
+"n=[(ws*(v2/V2)*(4/pi)*(1/di^2))];//The number of coils needed in the economiser\n",
+"l=Ao/(n*pi*Do);//The length of one coil in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)The length of the one coil = %3.2f m\n (b) The number of coils = %3.0f  ',l,n)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/7-Steam_Turbines.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/7-Steam_Turbines.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c4daf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/7-Steam_Turbines.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1367 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 7: Steam Turbines"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.10: Workdone_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"a=20//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=30//Blade exit angle in degrees\n",
+"Vb=130//Mean blade speed in m/s\n",
+"V1=330//Velocity of steam in m/s\n",
+"f=0.8//Friction factor\n",
+"nn=0.85//Nozzle efficiency\n",
+"p1=20//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=250+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=0.07//Pressure in bar\n",
+"rf=1.06//Reheat factor\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=((V1*sind(a))/sind(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=(f*Vr1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=(Vr1*cosd(b1))+(Vr2*cosd(b2))//Vecoity in m/s\n",
+"WD=(dVw*Vb)/1000//Workdone in kJ/kg\n",
+"nb1=((2*dVw*Vb)/V1^2)*100//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"nst=(nn*nb1)//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"nin=(nst*rf)*100//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"h1=2902.3//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.5466//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2s=(s1-0.5582)/7.7198//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h2s=(163.16+x2s*2409.54)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h12=(0.7041*(h1-h2s))//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"n=ceil(h12/WD)//Number of stages\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Work done in the stage per kg of steam is %3.2f kJ/kg \n Stage efficiency is %3.1f percent \n\n (b) Number of stages are %3.0f',WD,nst,n)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.11: Power_developed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"d=800//Diameter in mm\n",
+"N=3000//Speed in rpm\n",
+"V1=300//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"a=20//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"f=0.86//Frictional factor\n",
+"T=140//Axial thrust in N\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Vb=((3.14*(d/1000)*N)/60)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=b1//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=(V1*sind(a))/sind(b1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=f*Vr1//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"w=(T/((Vr1*sind(b1))-(Vr2*sind(b2))))//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"dVw=(Vr2*cosd(b2))+(Vr1*cosd(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"P=(w*dVw*Vb*10^-3)//Power developed in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Power deveoped in the blading is %3.2f kW',P)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.12: Thrust_Power_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=15//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=300+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=10//Pressure in bar\n",
+"nn=95//Nozzle efficiency in percent\n",
+"a=20//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"x=5//The blade exit angle is 5 degrees less than the inlet angle\n",
+"f=0.9//Friction factor\n",
+"m=1350//Steam flow rate in kg/h\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3038.9//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.9224//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"t2s=250//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"h2s=2943.1//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"V1=44.72*sqrt((nn/100)*(h1-h2s))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=V1*(cosd(a)/2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=b1-x//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=((V1*sind(a))/sind(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=(f*Vr1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=(Vr1*cosd(b1))+(Vr2*cosd(b2))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVa=(Vr1*sind(b1))-(Vr2*sind(b2))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Pa=(m/3600)*dVa//Axial thrust in N\n",
+"Pt=(m/3600)*dVw//Tangential thrust in N\n",
+"WD=(Pt*Vb*10^-3)//Diagram Power in kW\n",
+"dn=((WD*1000)/((1/2)*(m/3600)*V1^2))*100//Diagram efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Axial thrust is %3.2f N \n  Tangential thrust is %3.2f N \n\n (b) Diagram Power is %3.3f kW \n\n (c) Diagram Efficiency is %3.1f percent',Pa,Pt,WD,dn)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.13: Thrust_Power_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"V1=600//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"a=16//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"Vb=120//Mean blade angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=18//Exit angle in degrees\n",
+"aa1=22//Exit angle in degrees\n",
+"b4=36//Exit angle in degrees\n",
+"m=5//Steam flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"f=0.85//Friction coefficient\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Exit angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=((V1*sind(a))/sind(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=(f*Vr1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"a1=atand((Vr2*sind(b2))/((Vr2*cosd(b2))-Vb))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"V2=((Vr2*sind(b2))/sind(a1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V3=(f*V2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw1=(Vr1*cosd(b1))+(Vr2*cosd(b2))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVa1=(V1*sind(a))-(V2*sind(a1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b3=atand((V3*sind(aa1))/((V3*cosd(aa1))-Vb))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr3=((V3*sind(aa1))/sind(b3))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr4=(f*Vr3)//velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw2=(Vr3*cosd(b3))+(Vr4*cosd(b4))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVa2=(V3*sind(aa1))-(Vr4*sind(b4))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"udVw=(dVw1+dVw2)//Total velocity in m/s\n",
+"udVa=(dVa1+dVa2)//Total velocity in m/s\n",
+"Pt=(m*udVw*10^-3)//tangential thrust in kN\n",
+"Pa=(m*udVa*10^-3)//Axial thrust in kN\n",
+"WD=(Pt*Vb)//Power developed in kW\n",
+"nd=((2*udVw*Vb)/V1^2)*100//Diagram efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the tangential thrust is %3.3f kW \n (b) Axial thrust is %3.2f kN \n (c) Power developed is %3.2f kW \n (d) Diagram efficiency is %3.2f percent',Pt,Pa,WD,nd)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.14: Workdone_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"a=17//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"Vb=125//Blade velocity in m/s\n",
+"b2=22//Blade angle n degrees\n",
+"a1=26//Blade angle n degrees\n",
+"b4=30//Blade angle n degrees\n",
+"f=0.9//Friction factor\n",
+"a2=90//Axial angle in degrees\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"dVw=1040//Velocity in m/s from Velocity triangles Fig. E.7.14\n",
+"V1=575//Velocity in m/s from Velocity triangles Fig. E.7.14\n",
+"V4=75//Velocity of steam exiting stage in m/s from Velocity triangles Fig. E.7.14\n",
+"WD=(dVw*Vb)/1000//Diagram work in kJ/kg\n",
+"nd=((WD*1000)/((1/2)*V1^2))*100//Diagram efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Absolute velocity of steam leaving the stage is %3.0f m/s \n (b) the diagram work is %3.0f kJ/kg \n (c) the diagram efficiency is %3.2f percent',V4,WD,nd)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.15: Power_output_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=35//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=350+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=0.07//Pressure in bar\n",
+"x=1/4//Fraction of drop in isentropic enthalpy\n",
+"a=20//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"nn=88//Nozzle efficiency in percent\n",
+"y=0.2//Velocity ratio\n",
+"b2=30//Exit blade angle in degrees\n",
+"b4=30//Exit blade angle in degrees\n",
+"f=0.9//Friction coefficienct\n",
+"in=75//Internal efficiency of the turbine in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3106.4//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=6.6643//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2s=(s1-0.5582)/7.7198//dryness fraction\n",
+"h2s=(163.16+x2s*2409.54)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"dh=(h1-h2s)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h13s=x*dh//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h13=(nn/100)*h13s//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"V1=(44.72*sqrt(h13))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=(y*V1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=((V1*sind(a))/sind(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=(f*Vr1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw1=(Vr1*cosd(b1))+(Vr2*cosd(b2))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V2=sqrt((Vr2*sind(b2))^2+((Vr2*cosd(b2))-Vb)^2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V3=f*V2//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b3=atand((V3*sind(b2))/((V3*cosd(b2))-Vb))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr3=((V3*sind(b2))/sind(b3))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr4=f*Vr3//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw2=(Vr3*cosd(b3))+(Vr4*cosd(b4))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=(dVw1+dVw2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"nb1=((2*dVw*Vb)/V1^2)*100//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"ns=(nn*nb1)/100//Efficiency in percent\n",
+"ht=(in/100)*dh//Total change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hc=(ns/100)*h13s//Total change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"pp=(hc/ht)*100//Percentage of enthalpy\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Efficiency of first stage is %3.2f percent \n Percentage of the total power developed by the turbine is %3.2f percent',ns,pp)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.16: Power_developed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"R=50//Percentage of reaction\n",
+"b1=35//Angle in degrees\n",
+"q=b1//Angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=20//Angle in degrees\n",
+"a=b2//Angle in degrees\n",
+"N=1500//Speed in rpm\n",
+"d=0.67//Mean diameter in m\n",
+"p=1.5//Pressure in bar\n",
+"x=0.96//Dryness fraction\n",
+"w=3.6//Flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"Vb=(3.14*d*N)/60//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V1=(Vb*(sind(180-b1)/sind(b1-b2)))//Veocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr1=(Vb*(sind(b2)/sind(b1-b2)))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=(V1*cosd(a))+(Vr1*cosd(q))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"v1=(0.001052+x*1.15937)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"hb=((w*v1)/(3.14*d*V1*sind(a)))*1000//Required height in mm\n",
+"P=(w*dVw*Vb)/1000//Power developed in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the required height of blading is %3.1f mm \n (b) the power developed by the ring is %3.3f kW',hb,P)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.17: Power_developed.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"N=400//Speed in rpm\n",
+"P=5//Power in MW\n",
+"m=6//Flow rate in kg/kWh\n",
+"b2=20//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"a=b2//Angle in degrees\n",
+"x=1.35//Velocity ratio\n",
+"p=1.2//Pressure in bar\n",
+"x1=0.95//Steam quality \n",
+"Dh=12//Ratio of Dm and hb\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"w=(m*P*1000)/3600//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"v1=(0.0010468+x1*1.454)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"hb=((w*v1)/(Dh*3.14*x*((Dh*N)/60)*3.14*sind(a)))^(1/3)*1000//Blade height in mm\n",
+"Vb=((3.14*Dh*(hb/1000)*N)/60)//velocity in m/s\n",
+"V1=(x*Vb)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=((2*V1*cosd(a))-Vb)//velocity in m/s\n",
+"WD=(w*dVw*Vb*10^-3)//Diagram power in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a)Blade height is %3.0f mm \n (b) the diagram power is %3.2f kW',hb,WD)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.18: Diagram_power.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"N=3000//Speed in rpm\n",
+"Vb=100//Mean blade speed in m/s\n",
+"x=0.56//Velocity ratio\n",
+"a=20//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=a//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"v=0.65//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"h=25//Mean height in mm\n",
+"n=5//Number of pairs of blades\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"V1=(Vb/x)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=V1//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Dm=(Vb*60)/(3.14*N)//Diameter in m\n",
+"w=((3.14*Dm*h*V1*sind(a))/v)/1000//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"ws=(w*3600)//Mass flow rate in kg/hr\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Blade angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=((V1*sind(a))/sind(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dhmb=(1/2)*(Vr2^2-Vr1^2)/1000//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"dsta=(2*dhmb)//Change in enthalpy of stage in kJ/kg\n",
+"dsta5=(n*dsta)//Total Change in enthalpy of stage in kJ/kg\n",
+"Dp=(w*dsta5)//Diagram power in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Mass flow rate of steam is %3.3f kg/s \n Useful enthalpy drop is %3.2f kJ/kg \n The diagram power is %3.1f kW',w,dsta5,Dp)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.19: Number_of_impulse_stages.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=8//Power in MW\n",
+"N=5000//Speed in rpm\n",
+"p=40//pressure in bar\n",
+"T=500//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"p2=0.1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"in=0.85//Internal efficiency of turbine\n",
+"nm=0.96//Mechanical efficiency\n",
+"nn=0.92//Nozzle efficiency\n",
+"a=15//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"Vb=300//Blade velocity in m/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"V1=(2*Vb)/cosd(a)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dh=((V1/44.72)^2/nn)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h1=3445.3//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=7.0901//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2=(s2-0.6493)/7.5009//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h2s=(191.83+x2*2392.8)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h12s=(h1-h2s)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"n=(h12s/dh)//Number of stages\n",
+"w=((P*1000)/(in*nm))/h12s//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"h13=(nn*dh)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=h1-h13//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"v3=0.17//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"A=(w*v3)/V1//Area in m^2\n",
+"hm=(A/(((Vb*60)/N)*sind(a)))*1000//Height in mm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the number of impulse stages are%3.0f \n (b) the nozzle height is %3.1f mm',n,hm)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.1: Maximum_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=10//Initial pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=300+273//Initial temperature in K\n",
+"p2=2//Final pressure in bar\n",
+"m=1//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"px=(0.546*p1)//Critical pressure in bar\n",
+"ho=3052.2//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"so=7.1229//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"sx=so//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"hx=2905.9//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"vx=0.4125//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Vx=(44.72*sqrt(ho-hx))//Critical velocity in m/s\n",
+"Ax=(vx/Vx)*10^4//Minimum area of the nozzle in sq.cm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Minimum area of the nozzles is %3.3f sq.cm',Ax)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.20: Height_of_blades.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p=1.5//Pressure in bar\n",
+"x1=0.9//Dryness fraction\n",
+"m=7//Steam flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"N=3000//Turbine speed in rpm\n",
+"x=0.7//Velocity ratio\n",
+"y=0.75//Velocity ratio\n",
+"a=20//Exit angle in degrees\n",
+"b2=a//Angle in degrees\n",
+"hx=1/10//Fraction of height\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"v=0.001052+x1*1.15937//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Dm=((m*v*60)/(3.14*hx*y*3.14*N))^(1/3)//Diameter in m\n",
+"hb=Dm*1000*hx//Height in mm\n",
+"Vb=(3.14*Dm*N)/60//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=((2*x*Vb*cosd(a)/sind(a))-Vb)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"P=(m*dVw*Vb)/1000//Power developed in kW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Height of the moving blades at exit is %3.1f mm \n Power developed in the blade row is %3.2f kW',hb,P)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.21: Mean_diamter_of_wheel.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p=40//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T=500//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"p1=0.1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"a=16//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"N=3000//Speed in rpm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3445.3//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=7.0901//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2s=(s2-0.6493)/7.5009//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h2s=(191.83+x2s*2392.8)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"V1=44.72*sqrt(h1-h2s)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=V1*(cosd(a)/2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Dm=(Vb*60)/(3.14*N)//Diameter in m\n",
+"V2=44.72*sqrt((h1-h2s)/2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb2=V2*cosd(a)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Dm2=(Vb2*60)/(3.14*N)//Diameter in m\n",
+"V3=44.72*sqrt((h1-h2s)/4)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb3=V3*(cosd(a)/2)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Dm3=(Vb3*60)/(3.14*N)//Diameter in m\n",
+"V4=44.72*sqrt(h1-h2s)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb4=V4*(cosd(a)/4)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Dm4=(Vb4*60)/(3.14*N)//Diameter in m\n",
+"V5=44.72*sqrt((h1-h2s)/(2*4))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb5=V5*cosd(a)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Dm5=(Vb5*60)/(3.14*N)//Diameter in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The mean diameter of the wheel if the turbine were of \n (a) single impulse stage is %3.2f m \n (b) single 50 percent reaction stage is %3.1f m \n (c) four pressure (or Rateau) stages is %3.2f m \n (d) one two-row Curtis stage is %3.3f m \n (e) four stage 50 percent reaction stages is %3.2f m',Dm,Dm2,Dm3,Dm4,Dm5)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.22: Number_of_stages.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p=150//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T=600//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"Vb=300//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"nn=95//Nozzle efficiency in percent\n",
+"a=15//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"a1=25//Angle in degrees\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3582.3//Enthalpy in kJ/Kg\n",
+"s1=6.6776//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"s2=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2s=(s2-0.6493)/7.5009//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h2s=(191.83+x2s*2392.8)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h12s=(h1-h2s)//Difference in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"V1=(Vb*2)/cosd(a)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dhs=(V1/44.72)^2/(nn/100)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"n1=ceil(h12s/dhs)//Number of stages\n",
+"V2=(Vb/cosd(a1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dhs2=(V2/44.72)^2/(nn/(2*100))//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"n2=h12s/dhs2//Number of stages\n",
+"V3=(Vb*4)/cosd(a)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dhs3=(V3/44.72)^2/(nn/100)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"dhhs3=(h12s-dhs3)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"n3=dhhs3/dhs//Number of stages\n",
+"n4=dhhs3/dhs2//Number of stages\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Number of stages required in \n (a) all simple impulse stages are %3.0f \n (b) all 50 percent reaction stages are %3.0f \n (c) a 2-row Cutris stage follwed by simple impulse stages are %3.0f \n (d) a 2-row Cutris stage followed by 50 percent reaction stages are %3.0f',n1,n2,n3,n4)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.23: Interstage_pressures.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=20//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T=400//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"p2=0.1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"n=4//Number of stages\n",
+"ns=75//Stage efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h16s=(3250-2282)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h12s=(h16s/n)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"p=[8,2.6,0.6]//pressures in bar from Mollier chart\n",
+"h12=(ns/100)*h12s//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h23s=(3060-2800)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h23=(ns/100)*h23s//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h34s=(2870-2605)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h34=(ns/100)*h34s//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h45s=(2680-2410)//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h45=(ns/100)*h45s//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=2470//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"rf=(h12s+h23s+h34s+h45s)/h16s//Reheat factor\n",
+"nth=((h12+h23+h34+h45)/h16s)*100//Internal efficiency in percent\n",
+"nin=(ns*rf)//Internal efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The interstage pressures are %i bar, %3.1f bar, %3.1f bar \n The reheat factor is %3.3f \n The turbine internal efficiency is %3.1f percent',p(1),p(2),p(3),rf,nin)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.25: Mean_blade_diameter.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"n=20//Number of stages\n",
+"P=12//Power in MW\n",
+"p=15//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T=350//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"p1=0.14//Pressure in bar\n",
+"ns=75//Stage efficiency in percent\n",
+"rf=1.04//Reheat factor\n",
+"p2=1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"a=20//Angle in degrees\n",
+"v=0.7//Velocity ratio\n",
+"h=1/12//Blade height in terms of mean blade diameter\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"nint=(ns/100)*rf//Internal efficiency \n",
+"dhs=855//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"dha=ceil(nint*dhs)//Actual enthalpy change in kJ/kg\n",
+"w=(P*1000)/dha//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"Vb=(sqrt((dha/n)/((((2/v)*cosd(a))-1)*10^-3)))//Velocity in m/s//\n",
+"vg=1.694//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Dm=sqrt((w*vg)/(3.14*h*(Vb/v)*sind(a)))//Diameter in m\n",
+"N=((Vb*60)/(3.14*Dm))//Speed in rpm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) the flow rate of steam required is %3.2f kg/s \n (b) the mean blade diameter is %3.3f m \n (c) the speed of the rotor is %3.0f rpm',w,Dm,N)\n",
+"//In textbook, Vb is given wrong as 141.4 m/s instead of 140.6 m/s. Hence the answers are different."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.26: Height_of_blades.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"V1=600//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vb=120//Mean blade velocity in m/s\n",
+"a=16//Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+"b=[18,21,35]//Exit angles in degrees\n",
+"m=5//Steam flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"h=25//Nozzle height in mm\n",
+"v=0.375//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"p=25//Pitch in mm\n",
+"t=0.5//Thickness in mm\n",
+"kb=0.9//Constant\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"l=((m*v)/(sind(a)*V1*(h/1000)*kb))//Length of the nozzle arc in m //Length of the nozzle arc is calculated wrong as 0.454m instead of 0.5 m\n",
+"b1= atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr1=((V1*sind(a))/sind(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr2=kb*Vr1//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V2=sqrt(Vr2^2+Vb^2-2*Vr2*Vb*cosd(b(1)))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V3=291//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"b3=atand((V3*sind(b(2)))/((V3*cosd(b(2)))-Vb))//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Vr3=((V3*sind(b(2)))/sind(b3))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vr4=(Vr3*kb)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"hb1=((m*v*(h/1000))/(l*((p/1000)*sind(b(1))-(t/1000))*Vr2))*1000//Height in mm\n",
+"hn=((m*v*(h/1000))/(l*((p/1000)*sind(b(2))-(t/1000))*V3))*1000//Height in mm\n",
+"hb2=((m*v*(h/1000))/(l*((h/1000)*sind(b(3))-(t/1000))*Vr4))*1000//Height in mm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Blade heights at the exit of each row: \n First row of moving blades is %3.1f mm \n Fixed row of guide blades is %3.1f mm \n Second row of moving blades is %3.1f mm',hb1,hn,hb2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.27: Intercasting_steam_condition.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=200//Power in MW\n",
+"p=180//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T=550//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"P1=600//Power in MW\n",
+"p1=300//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=580//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"nt=90//Turbine efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"h1=3430//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2s=3040//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h12s=(h1-h2s)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h12=(nt/100)*h12s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2=3070//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"v2=0.06//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"h4=3560//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3s=2000//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h13s=(h1-h3s)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h13=(nt/100)*h13s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"w=(P*10^3)/h13//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"Vbm=350//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"N=3000//Speed in rpm\n",
+"a=25//Angle in degrees\n",
+"Dm=(Vbm*60)/(3.14*N)//Diameter in m\n",
+"hD=0.3//Assuming (hb/Dm)max \n",
+"hb=(hD*Dm)//Height in m\n",
+"Ab=(3.14*Dm*hb*0.9*sind(a))//Flow area in m^2\n",
+"V1=(Vbm/cosd(a))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vo=(Ab*V1)//Volume flow rate in m^3/s\n",
+"v=(Vo/w)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"h5s=2456//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"p5=0.36//Pressure in bar\n",
+"h45s=(h4-h5s)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h45=(nt/100)*h45s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h5=h4-h45//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x5=0.952//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h56s=(h5-2340)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h56=(nt/100)*h56s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h6=h5-h56//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"v6=18//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"mm=(Vo/v6)//Maximum mass flow that one stage can accommodate in kg/s\n",
+"np=(w/mm)//Number of parallel exhausts\n",
+"rp=(p1/4)//Reheat pressure in bar\n",
+"xh1=3410//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh2s=3015//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh12s=xh1-xh2s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh12=(nt/100)*xh12s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xv2=0.035//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"xh4=3060//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh3s=1960//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh13s=xh1-xh3s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh3=(xh1-xh13s)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xw=(P1*10^3)/xh13s//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"xvm=(Vo/xw)//Maximum specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Vf=(xw*xv2)//Volume flow rate in m^3/s\n",
+"xh5s=2300//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh45s=xh4-xh5s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh45=(nt/100)*xh45s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh5=xh4-xh45s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xv5=1.25//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"xx5=0.86//Dryness fraction\n",
+"xh6s=2050//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh56s=xh5-xh6s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh56=(nt/100)*xh56s//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xh6=(xh5-xh56)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xv6=12//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"xx6=0.792//Dryness fraction\n",
+"xmm=(Vo/xv6)//Maximum mass flow in kJ/kg\n",
+"xnp=ceil(xw/xmm)//Number of parallel exhausts\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Number of parallel exhausts in : \n (a)condition a are %i \n (b)condition b are %i',np,xnp) "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.28: Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=100//Power in MW\n",
+"T=550//temperature in degree C\n",
+"p=0.1//Pressure in bar\n",
+"m=500000//Mass flow rate in kg/h at rated load\n",
+"mo=25000//Mass flow rate in kg/h at zero load\n",
+"x=[1/4,1/2,3/4,1]//Fraction of load\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"b=(m-mo)/(P*10^3)//Steam rate in kg/kWh\n",
+"y1=(x(1)*(P*10^3))//For one-fourth load\n",
+"s1=(mo/y1)+b//Steam rate in kg/kWh\n",
+"y2=(x(2)*(P*10^3))//For one-fourth load\n",
+"s2=(mo/y2)+b//Steam rate in kg/kWh\n",
+"y3=(x(3)*(P*10^3))//For one-fourth load\n",
+"s3=(mo/y3)+b//Steam rate in kg/kWh\n",
+"y4=(x(4)*(P*10^3))//For one-fourth load\n",
+"s4=(mo/y4)+b//Steam rate in kg/kWh\n",
+"h1=3511//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"xs1=6.8142//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"xs2=xs1//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x2s=(xs2-0.6493)/7.5009//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h2s=191.83+x2s*2392.8//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"nR=((h1-h2s)/(h1-191.83))*100//Rankine efficiency in percent\n",
+"nac=((P*10^3*3600)/(m*(h1-191.83)))*100//Actual efficiency in percent\n",
+"nTG=((P*10^3*3600)/(m*(h1-h2s)))*100//Turbogenerator efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Steam rate at: \n One-fourth load is %3.2f kg/kWh \n Half load is %3.2f kg/kWh \n Three-fourth load is %3.2f kg/kWh \n Full load is %3.1f kg/kWh \n\n (b) Rankine cycle efficiency is %3.1f percent \n (c) Actual efficiency at full load is %3.1f percent \n (d) The turbogenerator efficiency at full load is %3.1f percent',s1,s2,s3,s4,nR,nac,nTG)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.2: Minimum_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=10//Initial pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=300+273//Initial temperature in K\n",
+"p2=1//Final pressure in bar\n",
+"x=0.15//Friction loss of the isentropic enthalpy drop\n",
+"ms=1//Steam flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"d=25//Exit diameter of the nozzles in mm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"px=(0.546*p1)//Critical pressure in bar\n",
+"h1=3052.2//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s1=7.1276//Entropy in kJ/kg\n",
+"s2s=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2s=2916.2//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"Vx=(44.72*sqrt(h1-h2s))//Critical velocity in m/s\n",
+"h3s=2605//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"V1=(44.72*sqrt((h1-h2s)+(0.85*(h2s-h3s))))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"s3s=s1//Entropy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x3s=(s3s-1.3025)/6.0579//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h3s=(417.46+(x3s*2258.01))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h2s3=((1-x)*(h2s-h3s))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h3=h2s-h2s3//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x3=(h3-417.46)/2258.01//Dryness fraction\n",
+"v3=(0.001043+(x3*1.694))//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"v2s=0.416//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"vx=v2s//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Ax=(ms/Vx)*vx*10^4//Minimum area in cm^2\n",
+"A1=(ms*v3)/V1*10^4//Area in cm^2\n",
+"n=(A1*4)/(3.14*(d/10)^2)//Number of nozzles\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Minimum area of the nozzles is %3.2f cm^2 \n the number of nozzles are %3.0f',Ax,n)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.3: Throat_and_exit_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=7.8//Pressure in bar\n",
+"t1=180+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=1.03//pressure in bar\n",
+"m=3.6//flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+"g=1.4//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"R=287//Characteristic gas constant in J/kg.K\n",
+"cp=1.005//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"pxpo=(2/(g+1))^(g/(g-1))//Ratio of pressure\n",
+"px=pxpo*p1//Critical pressure in bar\n",
+"txto=(2/(g+1))//Ratio of temperatures\n",
+"tx=t1*txto//Critical temperature in K\n",
+"vx=(R*tx)/(px*10^5)//Critical specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Vx=sqrt(g*R*tx)//Critical velocity in m/s\n",
+"Ax=((m*vx)/Vx)*10^6//Critical area in mm^2\n",
+"tot1=(p1/p2)^((g-1)/g)//Ratio of temperatures\n",
+"t1i=t1/tot1//Temperature in K\n",
+"v1=(R*t1i)/(p2*10^5)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"V1=44.72*sqrt(cp*(t1-t1i))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"A1=((m*v1)/V1)*10^6//Area in mm^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Area of throat is %3.0f mm^2 \n Exit area is %i mm^2',Ax,A1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.4: Throat_and_exit_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=3.8//pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=450+273//Tempereture in K\n",
+"p2=1//pressure in bar\n",
+"m=16//Flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"Cd=0.98//coefficient of discharge\n",
+"nv=0.93//nozzile effeciency\n",
+"cp=1.11//Specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"g=1.333//Ratio of specific heats\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"pxpo=(2/(g+1))^(g/(g-1))//Pressure ratio\n",
+"px=pxpo*p1//Critical pressure in bar\n",
+"TxTo=2/(g+1)//Temperature ratio\n",
+"Tx=T1*TxTo//Critical temperature in K\n",
+"Vx=44.72*sqrt(cp*(T1-Tx))//critical velocity in m/s\n",
+"R=(cp*(g-1)*1000)/g//Characteristic gas constant in J/kg.K\n",
+"vx=(R*Tx)/(px*10^5)//Critical specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"ws=(m/Cd)//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"Ax=(ws*vx)/Vx//Critical area in m^2\n",
+"T1sTo=(p2/p1)^((g-1)/g)//Temperature ratio\n",
+"T1s=T1*T1sTo//Temperature in K\n",
+"T1i=(T1-(nv*(T1-T1s)))//Temperature in K\n",
+"v1=(R*T1i)/(p2*10^5)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"V1=44.72*sqrt(cp*(T1-T1i))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"A1=(ws*v1)/V1//Area in m^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Throat raea is %3.4f m^2 \n Exit arae is %3.4f m^2',Ax,A1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.5: Throat_and_exit_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=20//pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=300+273//Tempereture in K\n",
+"p2=3//pressure in bar\n",
+"m=0.3//Flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"n=1.3//Adiabatic constant\n",
+"Cd=0.98//Coefficient of discharge\n",
+"Cv=0.92//Coefficient of velocity\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"vo=0.1255//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"px=(0.546*p1)//Critical pressure in bar\n",
+"vx=(p1/px)^(1/n)*vo//Critical specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Vx=sqrt(n*px*10^5*vx)//Critical velocity in m/s\n",
+"Ax=((m*vx)/Vx)*10^6//Critical area in m^2\n",
+"v1vo=(p1/p2)^(1/n)//Ratio of specific volumes\n",
+"v1=(vo*v1vo)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"V1=sqrt(2*((n/(n-1))*10^5*((p1*vo)-(p2*v1))))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"A1=((m*v1)/V1)*10^6//Area in mm^2\n",
+"ho=3050//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hx=2920//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h1s=2650//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"ws=(m/Cd)//Flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"Vsx=44.72*sqrt(ho-hx)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"V1s=44.72*sqrt(ho-h1s)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Vo1=(V1s*Cv)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"hoh1=(V1/44.72)^2//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"h1=ho-hoh1//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"x1=(h1-561.47)/2163.8//Dryness fraction\n",
+"vo1=(0.001073+(x1*0.6047))//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Ao1=((ws*vo1)/Vo1)*10^6//Exit nozzle area in mm^2\n",
+"Vox=(Vsx*Cv)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"hohx=(Vox/44.72)^2//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hox=(ho-hohx)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"vox=0.22//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"Aox=((ws*vox)/Vox)*10^6//Critical area in m^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Area of throat is %3.1f mm^2 \n Exit area is %3.1f mm^2 \n\n (b) Area of throat is %3.1f mm^2 \n Exit area is %3.1f mm^2',Ax,A1,Aox,Ao1)\n",
+"//In textbook, Ao1 is given wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.6: Mass_flow_rate.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=5//Pressure of steam in bar\n",
+"V=100//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"p2=1.5//Exit pressure in bar\n",
+"At=1280//Throat area in mm^2\n",
+"Ae=1600//Exit area in mm^2\n",
+"rp=0.58//Critical pressure ratio\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"ho=2749//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"so=6.822//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"px=(rp*p1)//Critical pressure in bar\n",
+"sx=so//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"xx=(sx-1.660)/5.344//Dryness fraction\n",
+"hx=(556+(xx*2168))//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"Vx=sqrt(((ho+((V^2*10^-3))/2)-hx)*(2/10^-3))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"vx=(xx*0.6253)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"w=(At*10^-6*Vx)/vx//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"s1s=sx//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x1s=(so-1.434)/5.789//Dryness fraction\n",
+"h1s=(467+x1s*2226)//ENthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"z=((Vx^2*10^-3)/2)-hx//z value\n",
+"//By iteratio scheme\n",
+"x1=0.932//Dryness fraction\n",
+"v1=1.080//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"h1=2542//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"V1=652.2//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"nn=((hx-h1)/(hx-h1s))//Nozzle efficiency\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Mass flow rate is %3.3f kg/s \n Nozzle efficiency is %3.3f',w,nn)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.7: Exit_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=5//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=200+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"p2=2//Pressure in bar\n",
+"m=0.3//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"n=1.3//Adiabatic index\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"vo=0.4249//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"ho=2855.4//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"so=7.0592//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x1=0.972//Dryness fraction \n",
+"h1=(504.7+x1*2201.9)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"v1=x1*0.8857//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"V1=44.72*sqrt(ho-h1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"A1=((m*v1)/V1)*10^6//Area in mm^2\n",
+"rp=(p1/p2)^(1/n)//Specific volume ratio\n",
+"vR=(vo*rp)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"VR=sqrt(2*((n/(n-1))*(p1*vo-p2*vR)*10^5))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"AR=((m*vR)/VR)*10^6//Area in mm^2\n",
+"TR=T1/(p1/p2)^((n-1)/n)//Temperature in K\n",
+"tR=(TR-273)//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"ts=120.23//Saturation temperature at pressure p1 in degree C\n",
+"ds=ts-tR//Degree of subcooling in degree C\n",
+"ps=1.4327//Saturation pressure at tR in bar\n",
+"dsu=(p2/ps)//Degree of supersaturation\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) Exit area when the flow is in equilibrium throughout is %3.0f mm^2 \n (b) Exit area when the flow is supersaturated is %3.1f mm^2 \n (i) The degree of supercooling is %3.2f degree C \n (ii) The degree of supersaturation is %3.3f',A1,AR,ds,dsu)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.8: Exit_area.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p1=5//Pressure in bar\n",
+"T1=200//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"p2=2//Pressure in bar\n",
+"m=0.3//Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+"n=1.3//Adiabatic index\n",
+"nn=0.92//Nozzle efficiency\n",
+"cp=1.925//mean specific heat in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x=[2.308,1943]//pv*10^3 = 2.308(h-1943)\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"vo=0.4249//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"ho=2855.4//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"so=7.0592//Entropy in kJ/kg.K\n",
+"x1=0.972//Dryness fraction \n",
+"h1=(504.7+x1*2201.9)//Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"v1=x1*0.8857//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"V1=44.72*sqrt(ho-h1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"h=ho-h1//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"hoq=nn*h//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"VQ=44.72*sqrt(hoq)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"toq=(hoq/cp)//Temperature difference in degree C\n",
+"tQ=(T1-toq)//Temperature in degree C\n",
+"TQ=tQ+273//Temperature in K\n",
+"vQ=((p1*100*vo)/(T1+273))*(TQ/T1)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"A1=((m*vQ)/VQ)*10^6//Area in mm^2\n",
+"vQ=(x(1)*(ho-hoq-x(2)))/(10^3*p2)//Specific volume in m^3/kg\n",
+"A11=((m*vQ)/VQ)*10^6//Area in mm^2\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Exit area is %3.1f mm^2 which upon checking is %3.0f mm^2',A1,A11)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.9: Force_Thrust_and_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"V1=1000//Speed in m/s\n",
+"Vb=400//Peripheral velocity in m/s\n",
+"a=20//Nozzle angle in degree\n",
+"m=0.75//Mass flow in kg/s\n",
+"f=80//Percentage reduction of relative velocity\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"b1=atand((V1*sind(a))/((V1*cosd(a))-Vb))//Blade angle in degree\n",
+"V=342//Velocity from E7.9 in m/s\n",
+"Vr1=V/sind(b1)//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"dVw=(2*Vr1*cosd(b1))//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Pt=(m*dVw)//Tangential thrust in N\n",
+"WD=(Pt*Vb)/1000//Diagram power in kW\n",
+"nD=(WD/(0.5*m*V1^2*10^-3))*100//Diagram efficiency in percent\n",
+"Pa=0//Axial thrust in N\n",
+"Vr2=(f/100)*Vr1//Velocity in m/s\n",
+"Pa2=m*sind(b1)*(Vr1-Vr2)//Axial thrust in N\n",
+"WD2=(m*(Vr1+Vr2)*cosd(b1)*Vb)/1000//Diagram power in kW\n",
+"nD2=(WD2/(0.5*m*V1^2*10^-3))*100//Diagram efficiency in percent\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('Blade Angle is %3.2f degrees \n\n Neglecting the friction effects \n Tangential force is %3.2f N \n Axial thrust is %i N \n Diagram efficiency is %3.1f percent \n\n Considering the friction effects \n Axial thrust is %3.1f N \n Diagram Power is %3.2f kW \n Diagram efficiency is %3.2f percent',b1,Pt,Pa,nD,Pa2,WD2,nD2)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/8-Condenser_Feedwater_and_Circulating_water_systems.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/8-Condenser_Feedwater_and_Circulating_water_systems.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4295efb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/8-Condenser_Feedwater_and_Circulating_water_systems.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: Condenser Feedwater and Circulating water systems"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1: Rate_of_flow.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"ws=250;//The amount of steam received by the surface condenser in t/h\n",
+"tsat=40;//The saturated temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"m=12;//The amount of moisture present in the steam in percentage\n",
+"tc1=32;//The inlet temperature of cooling water in degree centigrade\n",
+"tc2=38;//The outlet temperature of cooling water in degree centigrade\n",
+"p=0.078;//The pressure inside the condenser in bar\n",
+"V=1.8;//velocity of circulating water in m/s\n",
+"do=0.0254;//The outer diameter of the condenser tubes in m\n",
+"T=0.00125;//The thickness of the condenser tubes in m\n",
+"pi=3.141;//Mathematical constant of pi\n",
+"U=2.6;//The overall heat transfer coefficient in kW/m^2K\n",
+"Cpc=4.187;//The specific heat of water in kJ/kgK\n",
+"R=0.287;//Real gas constant in kJ/kgK\n",
+"P=1000;//The density of water in kg/m^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"x2=0.88;//The quality of the steam\n",
+"hfg=2407;//The enthalpy of evaporation at 40 degreeC in kJ/kg\n",
+"h=x2*hfg;//The change in enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+"di=do-(2*T);//The inner diameter of the condenser tubes in m\n",
+"wc=[[(ws*1000)/3600]*h]/(Cpc*(tc2-tc1));//Mass flow rate of water in kg/s\n",
+"psat=0.07375;//The saturated pressure at 40 degree centigrade in bar\n",
+"pair=(p-psat)*100;//The pressure of air in kPa\n",
+"vf=0.001008;//Specific volume of saturated liquid in m^3/kg\n",
+"vfg=19.544;//Specific volume of vapour in m^3/kg\n",
+"v2=vf+(x2*vfg);//Specific volume at 40 degree centigrade in m^3/kg\n",
+"wair=[pair*[(ws*1000)/3600]*v2]/(R*(tsat+273));//Mass flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+"t1m=(8-2)/log(8/2);//The mean temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"Ao=[[(ws*1000)/3600]*h]/(U*t1m);//The area of the tubes in m^2\n",
+"n=(wc*(4/pi)*(1/di^2)*(1/(P*V)));//The number of tubes\n",
+"l=Ao/(pi*do*n);//Yhe  length of tubes in m\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The rate of flow of cooling water = %3.1f kg/s \n (b) The rate of air leakage into the condenser shell = %3.3f kg/s \n (c) The length of tubes = %3.2f m \n (d) The number of tubes = %3.0f ',wc,wair,l,n)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2: Rate_of_flow.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"ws=20;//The amount of dry saturated steam received by a surface condencer in t/h\n",
+"tsh=40;//The temperature of dry saturated steam in degree centigrade \n",
+"wa=(0.35/1000);//The mass flow rate of air per 1000 kg of steam in kg\n",
+"tc=38;//The temperature at which condensate leaves the temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"tm=10;//The temperature at which makeup water is supplied in degree centigrade\n",
+"tc1=32;//The inlet temperature of cooling water in degree centigrade\n",
+"tc2=38;//The outlet temperature of cooling water in degree centigrade\n",
+"tas=27;//The temperature of air along with steam in degree centigrade\n",
+"psat=0.07384;//The saturated pressure at 40 degree C in bar\n",
+"vg=19.52;//The specific volume at 40 degree C in m^3/kg\n",
+"R=0.287;//Real gas constant in kJ/kgK\n",
+"Cpc=4.187;//The specific heat of water in kJ/kgK\n",
+"Cp=1.005;//The specific heat of air in kJ/kgK\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"pair=[(wa*R*(tsh+273)*1000)/vg]*10^-5;//The pressure of air in bar\n",
+"psat1=0.06624;//The saturated pressure at 38 degree C in bar\n",
+"vg1=21.63;//The specific volume at 38 degree C in m^3/kg\n",
+"pair1=psat-psat1;//The pressure of air in bar\n",
+"wa1=(ws*1000)*wa;//Mass of air removed per hour in kg/h\n",
+"V1=((wa1*R*(273+tc2)*1000))/(pair1*10^5);//Volume of air remove per hour\n",
+"ws1=V1/vg1;//The mass of steam accompanying air in kg/h\n",
+"psat2=0.03564;//The saturated pressure at 27 degree C in bar\n",
+"vg2=38.81;//The specific volume at 27 degree C in m^3/kg\n",
+"pair2=psat-psat2;//The pressure of air in bar\n",
+"V2=(wa1*R*1000*(tas+273))/(pair2*10^5);//Volume of air removed per hr in m^3/hr\n",
+"ws2=V2/vg2;//The mass of steam accompanying air in kg/h\n",
+"ws3=ws1-ws2;//Saving mass of steam by using seperate extraction in kg/hr\n",
+"Q3=[ws3*Cpc*(tc-tm)]/3600;//Saving in heat supply in the boiler in kW\n",
+"V=[(V1-V2)/V1]*100;//Percentage reduction in air ejector load in %\n",
+"hc=159.3;//Enthalpy at 38 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"hs1=2574.3;//Enthalpy at 40 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"hs2=2550.3;//Enthalpy at 27 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"Q2=[[(ws*1000)*(hs1-hc)]-[(wa1*(Cp*(tsh-tas)))]-(ws3*hs2)]/3600;//The amount of heat in kW\n",
+"wc=Q2/(Cpc*(tc2-tc1));//The mass flow rate of water in kg/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The rate of saving of condensate and the rate of saving in the heat supply in the boiler due to seperate air extraction pump = %3.3f kW \n (b) The percentage reduction in air ejector load due to this seperate air extraction method = %3.1f percent \n (c) The rate of cooling water flow = %3.0f kg/s ',Q3,V,wc)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3: Temperature_of_water.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc \n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"tw3=30;//The inlet temperature of water in degree centigrade\n",
+"wc=1.15;//Mass flow rate of cooling water in kg per kg air\n",
+"tdb1=20;//The dry bulb temperature of air in degree centigrade\n",
+"R1=60;//Relative humidity of air while entering in percentage\n",
+"tdb2=28;//The dry bulb temperature while leaving in degree centigrade\n",
+"R2=90;//Relative humidity of air while leaving in percentage\n",
+"tm=20;//The temperature of makeup water in degree centigrade\n",
+"Cpc=4.187;//The specific heat of water in kJ/kgK\n",
+"G=1;//Mass flow rate of dry air in kg/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"twb1=15.2;// from psychrometric chart The wet bulb temperature while entering in degree centigrade\n",
+"twb2=26.7;// from psychrometric chart The wet bulb temperature while leaving in degree centigrade\n",
+"h1=43;//The enthalpy from chart for dry air in kJ/kg dry air\n",
+"h2=83.5;//The enthalpy from chart in kJ/kg dry air\n",
+"W1=0.0088;//Humidity in kg water vapour/kg dry air\n",
+"W2=0.0213;//Humidity in kg water vapour/kg dry air\n",
+"hw3=125.8;//Enthalpy of water entering the tower in kJ/kg\n",
+"hw=84;//Enthalpy of makeup water in kJ/kg\n",
+"hwc=[(G/wc)*[(h2-h1)-(W2-W1)*hw]];//The change in enthalpy of water in kJ/kg\n",
+"tw4=tw3-(hwc/Cpc);//The exit temperature of water in degree centigrade\n",
+"ta=tw4-twb1;//The approach temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"tr=tw3-tw4;//The range temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"x=G*(W2-W1);//Fraction of water evaporated in kg/kg dry air\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf(' (a) The temperature of water leaving the tower = %3.1f degree centigrade \n (b) The fraction of water evaporated = %3.4f kg/kg dry air \n (c) The approach of the cooling tower = %3.1f degree centigrade \n   The Range of the cooling tower = %3.1f degree centigrade ',tw4,x,ta,tr)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4: Temperature_of_water.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"tw3=45;//The temperature of warm water in degree centigrade\n",
+"wc1=6;//The cooling water inflow in kg/s\n",
+"V=10;//volume flow of ID fan in m^3/s\n",
+"Ws=4.90;//Heat absorbed by air in kW\n",
+"ti=20;//The temperature of air entering the tower in degree centigrade\n",
+"R=60;//The relative humidity in percentage\n",
+"to=26;//The temperature of air leaving the tower in degree centigrade\n",
+"p=1.013;//The constant pressure throughout the tower in bar\n",
+"r=0.287;//Real gas constant in kJ/kgK\n",
+"Cpc=4.187;//The specific heat of water in kJ/kgK\n",
+"Cp=1.005;//The specific heat of air in kJ/kgK\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"ps=0.0234;//The pressure at 20 degreec in bar\n",
+"ps1=(R/100)*ps;//The pressure of water vapour in bar\n",
+"pa1=p-ps1;//The pressure of air in bar\n",
+"G1=(pa1)/(r*10^-3*(ti+273));//The mass flow rate of dry air in kg/s\n",
+"w1=(ps1*10^5*V)/(0.4619*10^3*(ti+273));//Mass flow rate of vopour in kg/s\n",
+"W1=w1/G1;//Moisture flow in kg vap/kg dry air\n",
+"ps2=0.0336;//The pressure at 26 degree C at exit in bar\n",
+"pw2=0.0336;//The pressure of water vapour at 26 degree C at exit in bar\n",
+"W2=(0.622)*(pw2/(1-pw2));//oisture flow in kg vap/kg dry air\n",
+"G2=G1;//The mass flow rate of dry air in kg/s\n",
+"w2=W2*G2;//Moisture flow at exit in kg/s\n",
+"wm=w2-w1;//Makeup water required in kg/s\n",
+"wc2=wc1-wm;//The cooling water outflow in kg/s\n",
+"hw3=Cpc*tw3;//The enthalpy of warm water in kJ/kg\n",
+"hg=2538.1;//The enthalpy of gas at 20 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"tsat=12;//The saturation temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"pw1=0.01404;//The pressure at 12 degree C in bar\n",
+"hw1=hg+(1.88*(ti-tsat));//The enthalpy of warm water in kJ/kg\n",
+"hw2=2548.4;//The enthalpy of evaporation at 26 degree C in kJ/kg\n",
+"hw4=[[G1*[(Cp*(to-ti))+W2*hw2-W1*hw1]-Ws]-(wc1*hw3)]/-wc2;//The enthapy of warm water at point 4 in kJ/kg\n",
+"E=hw4/Cpc;//Exit water temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The final temperature of the water = %3.2f degree centigrade \n (b)The amount of makeup water required per second = %3.4f kg/s ',E,wm)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/9-Nuclear_Power_Plants.ipynb b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/9-Nuclear_Power_Plants.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbe3452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Power_Plant_Engineering_by_P_K_Nag/9-Nuclear_Power_Plants.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 9: Nuclear Power Plants"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.10: Specific_energy_release_rate.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"f=3.5;//Mass fraction of U-235 in the fuel in percentage\n",
+"G=180;//Energy per fission in Mev\n",
+"F=10^13;//The neutron flux in neutrons/cm^2s\n",
+"sf=577;//Fission cross section of U-235 in barns\n",
+"M=1.602*10^-13;//One MeV in J\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N=2.372*(f/100)*10^22;//The fuel density for a uranium oxide fuel in nuclei/cm^3\n",
+"q=G*N*sf*10^-24*F;//The rate of energy release in MeV/cm^3s\n",
+"qg=q*M;//The rate of energy release in W/cm^3\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The specific energy release rate for a light water uranium reactor = %3.2f W/cm^3',qg)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.11: Reactor_power_level.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"P=1;//The operating power of a reactor in W\n",
+"K=1.0015;//The effective multiplication factor of Reactor becomes suppercritical \n",
+"t=0.0001;//The average neutron life in s\n",
+"t1=1.0001;//Neutron life time in s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations \n",
+"d=(K-1)/K;//The reactivity \n",
+"Z=(d*P)/t;//The number of neutrons\n",
+"n=exp(Z)/10^6;//Neutron density * 10^6\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The reactor power level at the end of 1s is %3.3f MW',n)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.1: Mass_defect_and_binding_energy.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"mp=1.007277;//Atomic Mass of proton in amu\n",
+"mn=1.008665;//Atomic Mass of neutron in amu\n",
+"me=0.00055;//Atomic Mass of electron in amu\n",
+"mo=15.99491;//Atomic Mass of oxygen in amu\n",
+"np=8;//Number of protons in oxygen\n",
+"ne=8;//Number of electrons in oxygen\n",
+"nn=8;//Number of neutrons in oxygen\n",
+"a=931;//One amu in MeV\n",
+"No=16;//Number of nucleons in oxygen\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"m=(np*mp)+(ne*me)+(nn*mn)-mo;//The mass defect in amu\n",
+"B=m*a;//Binding energy in MeV\n",
+"Bn=B/No;//Binding energy per nucleon\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The mass defect = %3.5f amu \n The binding energy per nucleon = %3.2f MeV ',m,Bn)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.2: Decay_constant.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"amr=226.095;//Atomic mass of radium in amu\n",
+"AC=6.023*10^23;//Avogadro constant in molecules/g.mol\n",
+"h=1620;//Half life of radium in years\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"D=(0.6931/(h*365*24*3600));//The decay constant in 1/s\n",
+"Na=AC/amr;//Number of atoms per gram of radium \n",
+"Ao=D*Na;//Initial activity in dis/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"disp(D,'The decay constant (in s^-1) = ');\n",
+"disp(Ao,'The initial activity of 1 g of radium 226 in dis/s) = ');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.3: Fuel_consumption.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"F=190;//Each fission of U-235 yeilds in MeV\n",
+"a=85;//Assuming the Neutrons absorbed by U-235 cause fission in percentage\n",
+"b=15;//Non fission capture to produce an isotope U-236 in percentage\n",
+"Q=3000;//The amount of thermal power produced in MW\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"E=F*1.60*10^-13;//Each fission yields a useful energy in J\n",
+"N=1/E;//Number of fissions required \n",
+"B=[(10^6)*(N*86400)]/(a/100);//One day operation of a reactor the number of U-235 nuclei burned is in absorptions per day\n",
+"M=(B*235)/(6.023*10^23);//Mass of U-235 consumed to produce one MW power in g/day\n",
+"M1=M*3;//Mass of U-235 consumed to produce 3000 MW power in g/day\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The fuel consumed of U-235 per day = %3.1f g/day ',M1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.4: Area_required.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"sa1=10;//Cross section of nucleus in barns\n",
+"N=2200;//Neutrons in m/s\n",
+"En1=0.1;//Kinetic energy of neutrons increases in eV\n",
+"En2=0.02525;//Kinetic energy of neutron in eV\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"sa2=sa1/[(En1/En2)^0.5];//The cross section of neutrons in barns\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The cross section of neutrons = %3.2f barns ',sa2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.5: Microscopic_absorptio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"U1=99.285;//Uranium consists of U-238 in percentage \n",
+"U2=0.715;//Uranium consists of U-235 in Percentage\n",
+"E=0.025;//The energy of neutrons in eV\n",
+"sc=2.72;//Capture cross section for U-238 in barns\n",
+"sf=0;//fission cross section for U-238 in barns\n",
+"sc1=101;//Capture cross section for U-235 in barns\n",
+"sf1=579;//fission cross section for U-235 in barns\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"sa=(U1/100)*(sc+sf)+(U2/100)*(sc1+sf1);//The microscopic absorption cross section of natural uranium in barns\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The microscopic absorption cross section of natural uranium = %3.1f barns ',sa)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.6: Microscopic_absorptio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"p=1;//The density of water in g/cm^3\n",
+"sch=0.332;//The microscopic capture cross section of hydrogen in barn\n",
+"sco=0.0002;//The microscopic capture cross section of oxygen in barn\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"N=(6.023*10^23)*p/18;//Number of molecules of water per cm^3\n",
+"scw=(2*N*sch*10^-24)+(N*sco*10^-24);//The microscopic capture cross section of water in cm^-1\n",
+"\n",
+"//output\n",
+"printf('The microscopic capture cross section of water = %3.4f cm^-1 ',scw)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.7: Thermal_neutron_flux.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"m=230;//The amount of boron piece in g\n",
+"mw=10;//The molecular weight of boron \n",
+"R=9.57*10^13;//Reaction rate in cm^-3s^-1\n",
+"d=2.3;//Density of boron in g/cm^3\n",
+"sa=755;//Absorbption cross section in barns\n",
+"ss=4;//Elastic scattering cross section in barns\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"st=sa+ss;//The total cross section in barns\n",
+"N=(d*6.023*10^23)/mw;//The number density of neutrons in cm^-3\n",
+"S=N*st*10^-24;//Number density of neutrons for total in cm^-1\n",
+"F=R/S;//Neutron flux in cm^-2s^-1\n",
+"L=1/S;//Average distance a neutron travels before it is absorbed in cm\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"disp(F,'The thermal neutron flux (in cm^-2s^-1) = ');\n",
+"disp(L,'The average distance that a neutron travels before it is absorbed (in cm) = ');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.8: Number_of_collisions.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"Eni=4.8;//The energy of the newly born electron in MeV\n",
+"Enf=0.025;//The energy of the electron after slow down in eV\n",
+"A=12;//The mass number of the graphite (carbon)\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"L=1-[[(A-1)^2/(2*A)]*log((A+1)/(A-1))];//The logarithmic energy decrement\n",
+"n=(log(Eni*10^6/Enf))/L;//The number of collisions required to slowdown the neutron \n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('The logarithmic energy decrement representing the neutron energy loss per elastic collision = %3.3f \n The number of collisions necessary = %3.0f ',L,n)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.9: Rating_of_reactor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Input data\n",
+"f=100;//The reactor is fuelled of natural uranium in tonnes\n",
+"A=238.05;//The atomic mass of natural uranium \n",
+"F=10^13;//The average thermal neutron flux in neutrons/cm^2s\n",
+"A1=235.04;//The atomic mass of U-235\n",
+"sf=579;//The fission cross section of U-235 in barns\n",
+"sc=101;//The capture cross section of U-235 in barns\n",
+"E=200;//The energy released per fission in MeV\n",
+"P=0.715;//U-235 in natural uranium in percentage\n",
+"N=2200;//The average thermal neutron in m/s\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"n=[(f*1000)*6.023*10^26*(P/100)]/A;//The number of U-235 atoms in the reactor in atoms\n",
+"R=(sf*10^-24)*F*n;//The rate of fission in the reactor in fissions/s\n",
+"T=R*E*1.602*10^-19;//Thermal power of the reactor in MW\n",
+"Rr=T/f;//Rating the reactor MW/tonne\n",
+"Rc=[[(R*A1*60*60*24)]/(6.023*10^26)];//The rate of consumption of U-235 by fission in kg/day\n",
+"Rcc=Rc*1000;//The rate of consumption of U-235 by fission in g/day\n",
+"\n",
+"//Output\n",
+"printf('(a) The rating of the reactor = %3.2f MW/tonne \n (b)The rate of consumption of U-235 per day = %3.3f kg/day (or) %3.0f g/day ',Rr,Rc,Rcc)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}