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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 10: Statistical Physics"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.1: Population_of_excited_states_with_respect_to_ground_states_in_Hydrogen.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.1: Pg 340 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"E1 = -13.6;    // Energy of ground state, eV\n",
+"E2 = -3.40;    // Energy of first excited state, eV\n",
+"E3 = -1.51;   // Energy of second excited state, eV\n",
+"g1 = 2;   // Degeneracy for ground state\n",
+"g2 = 8;   // Degeneracy for first excited state\n",
+"g3 = 18;    // Degeneracy for second excited state\n",
+"kB = 8.617e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"Ta = 300;   // Temperature, K\n",
+"// As n_2/n_1 = (g_2*A*e^(-E_2/(k_B*T)))/(g_1*A*e^(-E_1/(k_B*T))), on simplifying we get\n",
+"N21 = (g2/g1)*exp((E1 - E2)/(kB*Ta));    // The population of first excited state w.r.t ground state\n",
+"printf('\nThe population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at %3d K = %1d', Ta, N21);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"Tb = 20000;  // Temperature, K\n",
+"n21 = (g2/g1)*exp((E1 - E2)/(kB*Tb));   // The population of first excited state w.r.t ground state\n",
+"n31 = (g3/g1)*exp((E1 - E3)/(kB*Tb));    // The population of second excited state w.r.t ground state\n",
+"printf('\nThe population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at %4d K = %6.4f', Tb, n21);\n",
+"printf('\nThe population of second excited state w.r.t ground state at %4d K = %6.4f', Tb, n31);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"E_strength = (g3/g2)*exp((E2 - E3)/(kB*Tb));   // Emission strength\n",
+"printf('\nEmission strength of spectral lines = %3.2f', E_strength);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at 300 K = 0\n",
+"// The population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at 20000 K = 0.0108\n",
+"// The population of second excited state w.r.t ground state at 20000 K = 0.0081\n",
+"// Emission strength of spectral lines = 0.75 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.2: Validity_of_Maxwell_Boltzmann_Statistics.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.2: Pg 345 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"N = 6.02e+23;    // Number of molecules at STP\n",
+"m = 3.34e-27;   // Mass of H-molecule, kg\n",
+"h_cross = 1.055e-34;   // Reduced Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"V = 22.4e-03;     // Volume occupied by molecules at STP, m^3\n",
+"T = 273;    // Absolute temperature, K\n",
+"k_B = 13.8e-24;    // Boltzmann constant, J/K\n",
+"x_H = N/V*h_cross^3/(8*(m*k_B*T)^(3/2));    // Particle concentration at STP\n",
+"printf('\nx_H = %4.2e', x_H);\n",
+"if (x_H < 1)\n",
+"printf('\nThe criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics is satisfied in hydrogen.');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"d_Ag = 10.5;   // Density of silver, g/m^3\n",
+"M_Ag = 107.9;   // Molar weight of silver, g\n",
+"NV_Ag = (d_Ag/M_Ag)*(6.02e+023)*1e+06;    // Density of free electrons in silver, electrons/m^3\n",
+"me = 9.109e-031;    // Mass of an electron, kg\n",
+"T = 300;    // Room temperature, K\n",
+"x_Ag = ((NV_Ag)*h_cross^3)/(8*(me*k_B*T)^(3/2));   // Particle concentration at STP\n",
+"printf('\nx_Ag = %4.2f', x_Ag);\n",
+"if (x_Ag > 1)\n",
+"printf('\nThe criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics does not hold for electrons in silver');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// x_H = 8.84e-08\n",
+"// The criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics is satisfied in hydrogen.\n",
+"// x_Ag = 37.13\n",
+"// The criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics does not hold for electrons in silver "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.3: Photons_in_a_box.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.3: Pg 352 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"I = integrate('z^2/(exp(z)-1)', 'z', 0, 100); // Integral value\n",
+"k_B = 8.62e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"T = 3000;    // Temperature, K\n",
+"h = 4.136e-15;    // Plank's constant, eV\n",
+"c = 3e+10;    // Velocity of light, cm/s\n",
+"N_V = 8*%pi*((k_B*T)/(h*c))^3*I;    // Number of photons/cc\n",
+"printf('\nThe density of photons inside the cavity = %4.2fe+11 photons/cc', N_V*1e-11);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The density of photons inside the cavity = 5.47e+11 photons/cc"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.4: Specific_Heat_of_Diamond.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.4: Pg 356 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"k_B = 8.62e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"T_E = 1300;    // Temperature, K\n",
+"h_cross = 6.58e-16;   // Reduced plank's constant, eV-s\n",
+"omega = (k_B*T_E)/h_cross;    // Frequency of vibration of carbon atom in diamond, Hz\n",
+"spacing = (h_cross*omega);   // Spacing between adjacent oscillator energy level, eV\n",
+"printf('\nFrequency of vibration of carbon atom in diamond = %4.2e Hz', omega);\n",
+"printf('\nSpacing between adjacent oscillator energy level = %5.3f eV', spacing);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"T_R = 300;    // Room temperature, K\n",
+"p = exp((h_cross*omega)/(k_B*T_R));  // For simplication\n",
+"E_R = (h_cross*omega)/(p-1);   // Average energy of oscillator at room temperature, eV\n",
+"T = 1500;   // Temperature, K\n",
+"q = exp((h_cross*omega)/(k_B*T));    // For simplication\n",
+"E_bar = (h_cross*omega)/(q-1);    // Average energy at 1500 K, eV\n",
+"printf('\nAverage energy of oscillator at room temperature = %7.5f eV', E_R);\n",
+"printf('\nAverage oscillator energy at %4d K = %7.5f eV', T, E_bar);\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Frequency of vibration of carbon atom in diamond = 1.70e+14 Hz\n",
+"// Spacing between adjacent oscillator energy level = 0.112 eV\n",
+"// Average energy of oscillator at room temperature = 0.00149 eV\n",
+"// Average oscillator energy at 1500 K = 0.0813 eV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.5: Fermi_Energy_of_Gold.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.5: Pg 360 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"h = 6.625e-34;   // Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"m_e = 9.11e-31;   // Mass of electron, kg\n",
+"density = 19.32/(1e-02)^3;   // Density of gold, g/m^3\n",
+"weight = 197;     // Molar weight, g/mol\n",
+"N_V = (density/weight)*6.02e+23;   // Number of electrons per mole\n",
+"E_F = (h^2/(2*m_e*1.6e-19))*((3*(N_V))/(8*%pi))^(2/3);   // Fermi energy of Gold at 0 K\n",
+"printf('\nFermi energy of Gold at 0 K = %4.2f eV', E_F); \n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"v_F = sqrt((2*E_F*1.6e-19)/m_e);   // Fermi speed of Gold at 0 K\n",
+"printf('\nFermi speed of Gold at 0 K = %4.2fe+06 m/s', v_F*1e-06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"k_B = 8.62e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"T_F = (E_F)/(k_B);    // Fermi temperature for Gold at 0 K, K\n",
+"printf('\nFermi temperature for Gold at 0 K = %5d K', T_F);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Fermi energy of Gold at 0 K = 5.53 eV\n",
+"// Fermi speed of Gold at 0 K = 1.39fe+06 m/s\n",
+"// Fermi temperature for Gold at 0 K = 64201 K"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}