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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 2: Molecular Diffusion In Fluids"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.1: Steady_State_equimolal_counterdiffusion.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Illustration 2.1\n",
+"// Page: 30\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('Illustration 2.1 - Page 30\n\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// solution\n",
+"\n",
+"//***Data***//\n",
+"// a = O2 & b = CO\n",
+"Dab = 1.87*10^(-5);//[square m/s]\n",
+"Pt = 10^5;//[N/square m]\n",
+"z = 0.002;//[m]\n",
+"R = 8314;//[Nm/kmol]\n",
+"T = 273;//[K]\n",
+"Pa1 = 13*10^(3);//[N/square m]\n",
+"Pb1 = 10^(5)-13*10^(3);//[N/square m]\n",
+"Pa2 = 6500;//[N/square m]\n",
+"Pb2 = 10^(5)-6500;//[N/square m]\n",
+"//********//\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculation from Eqn. 2.30\n",
+"Pbm = (Pb1-Pb2)/log(Pb1/Pb2);//[N/square m]\n",
+"Na = Dab*Pt*(Pa1-Pa2)/(R*T*z*Pbm);//[kmol/square m.s]\n",
+"printf('Rate of diffusion of oxygen is %e kmol/square m.sec',Na);"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.2: Steady_state_diffusion_in_multicomponent_mixtures.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Illustration2.2\n",
+"// Page: 30\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('Illustration 2.2 - Page: 30\n\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// solution\n",
+"\n",
+"//***Data***//\n",
+"Pt = 10^5;//[N/square m]\n",
+"z = 0.002;//[m]\n",
+"R = 8314;//[Nm/kmol]\n",
+"T = 273;//[K]\n",
+"//a = O2 b = CH4 c = H2\n",
+"Pa1 = 13*10^(3);//[N/square m]\n",
+"Pb1 = 10^(5)-13*10^(3);//[N/square m]\n",
+"Pa2 = 6500;//[N/square m]\n",
+"Pb2 = 10^(5)-6500;//[N/square m]\n",
+"Dac = 6.99*10^(-5);//[N/square m]\n",
+"Dab = 1.86*10^(-5);//[N/square m]\n",
+"//*******//\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculation from Eqn. 2.30\n",
+"Pbm = (Pb1-Pb2)/log(Pb1/Pb2);//[N/square m]\n",
+"Yb_prime = 2/(2+1);\n",
+"Yc_prime = 1-Yb_prime;\n",
+"Dam = 1/((Yb_prime/Dab)+(Yc_prime/Dac));//[square m.s]\n",
+"Na = Dam*(Pa1-Pa2)*Pt/(R*T*z*Pbm);//[kmol/square m.s]\n",
+"printf('Rate of diffusion is %e kmol/square m.sec',Na);"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.3: Diffusivity_of_gases.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Illustration2.3\n",
+"// Page: 32\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('Illustration 2.3 - Page: 32\n\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// solution\n",
+"\n",
+"//***Data***//\n",
+"// a = C2H5OH b = air\n",
+"Pt = 101.3*10^(3);//[N/square m]\n",
+"T = 273;//[K]\n",
+"//********//\n",
+"\n",
+"Ma = 46.07;// [kg/kmol]\n",
+"Mb = 29;// [kg/kmol]\n",
+"//For air from Table 2.2 (Pg 33)\n",
+"Eb_by_k = 78.6;// [K]\n",
+"rb = 0.3711; // [nm]\n",
+"// For C2H5OH using Eqn. 2.38 & 2.39\n",
+"// From Table 2.3\n",
+"Va = (2*0.0148)+(6*0.0037)+(0.0074);// [cubic m/kmol]\n",
+"Tba = 351.4;// [K]\n",
+"ra = 1.18*(Va^(1/3));//[nm]\n",
+"Ea_by_k = 1.21*Tba;// [K]\n",
+"rab = (ra+rb)/2;// [nm]\n",
+"Eab_by_k = sqrt(Ea_by_k*Eb_by_k);// [K]\n",
+"Collision_value = T/Eab_by_k;\n",
+"//From Fig. 2.5 (Page: 32) f(collision value)\n",
+"Collision_func = 0.595;\n",
+"Dab = (10^(-4)*(1.084-(0.249*sqrt((1/Ma)+(1/Mb))))*T^(3/2)*sqrt((1/Ma)+(1/Mb)))/(Pt*(rab^2)*Collision_func);//[square m/s]\n",
+"printf('The diffusivity of ethanol through air at 1 atm. & 0C is %e square m/s\n',Dab);\n",
+"printf('The observed value (Table 2.1) is 1.02*10^(-5) square m/s')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.4: Molecular_Diffusion_in_Liquids.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Illustration 2.4\n",
+"// Page: 34\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('Illustration 2.4 - Page: 34\n\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// solution\n",
+"\n",
+"//***Data****//\n",
+"// a = acetic acid b = H2O\n",
+"z = 0.001;// [m]\n",
+"Dab = 0.95*10^(-9);//[square m/s]\n",
+"//************//\n",
+"\n",
+"Ma = 60.03;// [kg/kmol]\n",
+"Mb = 18.02;// [kg/kmol]\n",
+"//At 17 C & 9% solution\n",
+"density1 = 1012; //[kg/cubic m]\n",
+"Xa1 = (0.09/Ma)/((0.09/Ma)+(0.91/Mb));\n",
+"Xb1 = 1-Xa1;\n",
+"M1 = 1/((0.09/Ma)+(0.91/Mb));// [kg/kmol]\n",
+"//At 17 C & 3% solution\n",
+"density2 = 1003.2; //[kg/cubic m]\n",
+"Xa2 = (0.03/Ma)/((0.03/Ma)+(0.97/Mb));\n",
+"Xb2 = 1-Xa2;\n",
+"M2 = 1/((0.03/Ma)+(0.97/Mb));// [kg/kmol]\n",
+"avg_density_by_M = ((density1/M1)+(density2/M2))/2;//[kmol/cubic m]\n",
+"// From Eqn. 2.42\n",
+"Xbm = (Xb2-Xb1)/log(Xb2/Xb1);\n",
+"// From Eqn. 2.41\n",
+"Na = Dab*(avg_density_by_M)*(Xa1-Xa2)/(Xbm*z); //[square m/s]\n",
+"printf('The rate of diffusion is %e square m/s',Na);"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.5: Diffusivity_of_Liquids.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Illustration 2.5\n",
+"// Page: 37\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('Illustration 2.5 - Page: 37\n\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// solution\n",
+"\n",
+"//***Data****//\n",
+"// a = mannitol b = H2O\n",
+"T = 293; // [K]\n",
+"//*****//\n",
+"\n",
+"Mb = 18.02;// [kg/kmol]\n",
+"// From Table 2.3 (Pg 33)\n",
+"Va = (0.0148*6)+(0.0037*14)+(0.0074*6); // [cubic m/kmol]\n",
+"viscosity = 0.001005; // [kg/m.s]\n",
+"association_factor = 2.26; // [water as a solvent]\n",
+"Dab = (117.3*10^(-18))*((association_factor*Mb)^0.5)*T/(viscosity*Va^0.6); // [square m/s]\n",
+"printf('Diffusivity of mannitol is %e square m/s\n',Dab);\n",
+"printf('Observed value is 0.56*10^(-9) square m/s');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.6: Diffusivity_of_Liquids.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clear;\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Illustration 2.6\n",
+"// Page: 37\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('Illustration 2.6 - Page 37\n\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// solution\n",
+"\n",
+"//****Data****//\n",
+"T2 = 70+273;// [K]\n",
+"//**********//\n",
+"\n",
+"// a = mannitol b = H2O\n",
+"// From Illustration 2.5 at 20 C\n",
+"viscosity1 = 1.005*10^(-3); // [kg/m.s]\n",
+"Dab1 = 0.56*10^(-9); //[m^2/s]\n",
+"T1 = 273+20;// [K]\n",
+"// At 70 C\n",
+"viscosity2 = 0.4061*10^(-3); // kg/m.s\n",
+"// Eqn. 2.44 indicates Dab*viscocity/T  =  constnt\n",
+"Dab2 = Dab1*(T2)*(viscosity1)/(T1*viscosity2);// [square m/s]\n",
+"printf('Diffusivity of mannitol at 70 OC is %e square/s\n',Dab2);\n",
+"printf('Observed value at 70 OC is 1.56*10^(-9) square m/s');"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}