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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 13: Integrated Circuit Timer"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.10: Resistor_required.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.10\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 10;// in µF\n",
+"C = C*10^-6;// in F\n",
+"T_ON = 5;// in sec\n",
+"R = T_ON/(1.1*C);// in ohm\n",
+"disp(R,'The resistor value in  ohm is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.11: Resistor_required.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// EXa 13.11\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 10;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"T_off = 1;// in sec\n",
+"//Formula T_off= 0.693*R2*C\n",
+"R2 = T_off/(0.693*C);// in ohm\n",
+"disp(R2,'The value of R2 in Ω is');\n",
+"T_on = 3;// in sec\n",
+"// Formula T_on= 0.693*(R1+R2)*C\n",
+"R1 =T_on/(C*0.693)-R2;// in ohm\n",
+"disp(R1,'The value of R1 in Ω is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.12: Value_of_RLED.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.12\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 0.22;// in µF\n",
+"C=C*10^-6;// in F\n",
+"T_on = 10;// in ms\n",
+"T_on = T_on * 10^-3;// in s\n",
+"V_CC = 15;// in V\n",
+"V_BE = 0.7;// in V\n",
+"V_EC = 0.2;// in V\n",
+"V_LED= 1.4;// in V\n",
+"I_LED= 20*10^-3;// in A\n",
+"R = T_on/(C*1.1);// in ohm\n",
+"R = R *10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp('Values for first circuit : ')\n",
+"disp(R,'The value of R in kΩ is');\n",
+"V_o = V_CC-(2*V_BE) - V_EC;// in V\n",
+"disp(V_o,'The output voltage in V is');\n",
+"R_LED = (V_o - V_LED)/(I_LED);// in ohm \n",
+"disp(R_LED,'The value of R_LED in Ω is : ')\n",
+"// Part (ii)\n",
+"f= 1*10^3;// in Hz\n",
+"C=0.01*10^-6;// in F\n",
+"D= 95/100;// duty cycle\n",
+"// Formula f= 1.44/((R1+2*R2)*C)\n",
+"// R1+2*R2= 1.44/(f*C)                  (i)\n",
+"// D= (R1+R2)/(R1+2*R2) or\n",
+"// R2= (1-D)/(2*D-1)*R1           (ii)\n",
+"// From eq (i) and (ii)\n",
+"R1= 1.44/(f*C*(1+2*((1-D)/(2*D-1))));// in ohm\n",
+"R2=  (1-D)/(2*D-1)*R1;// in ohm\n",
+"disp('Values for second circuit : ')\n",
+"disp(R1*10^-3,'The value of R1 in kΩ is : ');\n",
+"disp(R2*10^-3,'The value of R2 in kΩ is : ');\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.13: Resistor_required.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.13\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"T = 5;// in msec\n",
+"T = T * 10^-3;// in sec\n",
+"C = 0.1;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"R = T/(C*1.1);// in ohm\n",
+"R = R * 10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp(R,'The resistor in kΩ is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.14: A_555_based_square_wave_generator.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.14\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"f = 1;// in kHz\n",
+"f = f * 10^3;// in Hz\n",
+"T = 1/f;// in s\n",
+"T = T * 10^3;// in msec\n",
+"T_d = T/2;// in msec\n",
+"T_d = T_d * 10^-3;// in sec\n",
+"C = 0.1;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"R2 = T_d/(0.69*C);// in ohm\n",
+"R2 = R2 * 10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp(C*10^6,'The value of C in µF is : ')\n",
+"disp(R2,'The value of R2 in kΩ is');\n",
+"disp('The value of R1 will be 100 Ω +10 kΩ pot');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.15: A_555_timer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.15\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"f = 800;// in Hz\n",
+"D = 0.6;\n",
+"C = 0.1;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"// Formula f= 1.44/((R_A+2*R_B)*C)\n",
+"// R_A+2*R_B= 1.44/(f*C)                  (i)\n",
+"// D= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B) or\n",
+"// R_B= (1-D)/(2*D-1)*R_A           (ii)\n",
+"// From eq (i) and (ii)\n",
+"R_A= 1.44/(f*C*(1+2*((1-D)/(2*D-1))));// in ohm\n",
+"R_B=  (1-D)/(2*D-1)*R_A;// in ohm\n",
+"disp(R_A*10^-3,'The value of R_A in kΩ is : ');\n",
+"disp(R_B*10^-3,'The value of R_B in kΩ is : ');\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.16: A_555_timer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.16\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"f = 700;// in Hz\n",
+"D = 0.5;\n",
+"C = 0.1;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"// Formula f= 1.44/((R_A+2*R_B)*C)\n",
+"// R_A+2*R_B= 1.44/(f*C)                  (i)\n",
+"// D= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B) or\n",
+"// R_A+R_B=D*1.44/(f*C)\n",
+"// From eq (i) and (ii)\n",
+"R_B=round(1.44/(f*C))*(1-D);\n",
+"R_A= round(D*1.44/(f*C))-R_B;\n",
+"//R_A= 1.44/(f*C*(1+2*((1-D)/(2*D-1))));// in ohm\n",
+"//R_B=  (1-D)/(2*D-1)*R_A;// in ohm\n",
+"disp(round(R_A),'The value of R_A in Ω is : ');\n",
+"disp((R_B*10^-3),'The value of R_B in kΩ is : ');\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.17: Output_pulse_width.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.17\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"R_A = 20;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"C = 0.1;// in µF\n",
+"C = C*10^-6;// in F\n",
+"pulse_width = 1.1*R_A*C;// in s\n",
+"disp(pulse_width*10^3,'The output pulse width in ms is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.18: Relationship_between_tp_and_T.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.18\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"n=4;\n",
+"// t_p= X*T, where\n",
+"X= [0.2+(n-1)];// (assumed)\n",
+"disp('The relation between t_p and T is :')\n",
+"disp('t_p = '+string(X)+'*T');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.19: Value_of_RA.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.19\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 0.02;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"f=2*10^3;//frequency in Hz\n",
+"T = 1/f;// in sec\n",
+"n = 5;\n",
+"t_p = (0.2+(n-1))*T;// in sec\n",
+"R_A = t_p/(1.1*C);// in ohm\n",
+"disp(R_A*10^-3,'The value of R_A in kΩ is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.1: Frequency_and_duty_cycle.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.1\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 0.01;// in µF\n",
+"C = C *10^-6;// in F\n",
+"R_A = 2;// in  k ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"R_B = 100;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B = R_B * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"T_HIGH = 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C;// in s\n",
+"T_HIGH = T_HIGH;// in sec\n",
+"T_LOW = 0.693*R_B*C;// in s\n",
+"T_LOW = T_LOW ;// in sec\n",
+"T = T_HIGH + T_LOW;// in sec\n",
+"f = 1/T;// in Hz\n",
+"disp(f,'Frequency in Hz is');\n",
+"D = (T_HIGH/T)*100;// in %\n",
+"disp(D,'Duty cycle in % is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.2: Positive_and_negative_pulse_width.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.2\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 1;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"R_A = 4.7;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"R_B = 1;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B = R_B * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"T_on = 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C;// in s\n",
+"T_on = T_on;// in sec\n",
+"disp(T_on * 10^3,'Positive pulse width in ms is');\n",
+"T_off = 0.693*R_B*C;// in s\n",
+"T_off = T_off;// in ms\n",
+"disp(T_off * 10^3,'Negative pulse width in ms is');\n",
+"f = 1.4/((R_A+2*R_B)*C);// in Hz\n",
+"disp(f,'Free running frequency in Hz is');\n",
+"D = ((R_A+R_B)/(R_A+(2*R_B)))*100;// in %\n",
+"disp(D,'The duty cycle in % is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.3: Resistor_required.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.3\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 0.01;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"f = 1;// in kHz\n",
+"f = f * 10^3;// in Hz\n",
+"R_A = 1.44/(2*f*C);// in ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B= R_A;// in kohm\n",
+"disp(R_A,'The value of both the resistors required in kΩ is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.4: A_555_timer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.4\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"f = 700;// in Hz\n",
+"C = 0.01;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"a = 1.44;\n",
+"R_A = a/(2*f*C);// in ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B =R_A;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp(C*10^6,'The the value of C in µF is : ')\n",
+"disp(R_A,'The value of both the resistors in kΩ is');\n",
+"disp('(Standard value of resistor is 100 kΩ)')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.5: Frequency_and_duty_cycle.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.5\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 0.01;// in µF\n",
+"C = C *10^-6;// in F\n",
+"R_A = 2;// in  k ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"R_B = 100;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B = R_B * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"T_HIGH = 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C;// in s\n",
+"T_HIGH = T_HIGH;// in sec\n",
+"T_LOW = 0.693*R_B*C;// in s\n",
+"T_LOW = T_LOW ;// in sec\n",
+"T = T_HIGH + T_LOW;// in sec\n",
+"f = 1/T;// in Hz\n",
+"disp(f,'Frequency in Hz is');\n",
+"D = (T_HIGH/T)*100;// in %\n",
+"disp(D,'Duty cycle in % is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.6: Positive_and_negative_pulse_width.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.6\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 1;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"R_A = 4.7;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"R_B = 1;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B = R_B * 10^3;// in ohm\n",
+"T_on = 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C;// in s\n",
+"T_on = T_on;// in sec\n",
+"disp(T_on * 10^3,'Positive pulse width in ms is');\n",
+"T_off = 0.693*R_B*C;// in s\n",
+"T_off = T_off;// in ms\n",
+"disp(T_off * 10^3,'Negative pulse width in ms is');\n",
+"f = 1.4/((R_A+2*R_B)*C);// in Hz\n",
+"disp(f,'Free running frequency in Hz is');\n",
+"D = ((R_A+R_B)/(R_A+(2*R_B)))*100;// in %\n",
+"disp(D,'The duty cycle in % is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.7: Value_of_resistor_required.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.7\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"C = 0.01;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"f = 1;// in kHz\n",
+"f = f* 10^3;// in Hz\n",
+"a = 1.44;\n",
+"R_A = a/(2*f*C);// in ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B = R_A;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp(R_A,'The value of both the resistors required in kΩ is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.8: A_555_timer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.8\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"f = 700;// in Hz\n",
+"C = 0.01;// in µF\n",
+"C = C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"a = 1.44;\n",
+"R_A = a/(2*f*C);// in ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"R_B =R_A;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp(C*10^6,'The the value of C in µF is : ')\n",
+"disp(R_A,'The value of both the resistors in kΩ is');\n",
+"disp('(Standard value of resistor is 100 kΩ)')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.9: A_555_timer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Exa 13.9\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"f = 800;// in Hz\n",
+"C = 0.01;// in µF\n",
+"C =C * 10^-6;// in F\n",
+"R_A = 1.44/(5*f*C);// in ohm\n",
+"R_A = R_A * 10^-3;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp(R_A,'The value of R_A in kΩ is');\n",
+"R_B = 2*R_A;// in k ohm\n",
+"disp(R_B,'The value of R_B in kΩ is ');"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}