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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: HYDRAULIC VALVES"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1_a: determine_cracking_and_full_flow_pressure.sci"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Aim:Refer Example 8-1 for Problem Description \n",
+"// Given:\n",
+"// area of relief valve:\n",
+"A=0.75; //in^2\n",
+"// spring constant:\n",
+"k=2500; //lb/in\n",
+"// initial compressed length of spring:\n",
+"S=0.20; //in\n",
+"// poppet displacement to pass full pump flow:\n",
+"L=0.10; //in"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1_b: SOLUTION_cracking_and_full_flow_pressure.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_1_soln.sce')\n",
+"filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_1_data.sci'\n",
+"exec(filename)\n",
+"// Solution:\n",
+"// spring force excerted on poppet when it is fully closed,\n",
+"F=k*S; //lb\n",
+"// Cracking pressure,\n",
+"p_crack=F/A; //psi\n",
+"// spring force when poppet moves 0.10 in from its fully closed position,\n",
+"F_new=k*(L+S); //lb\n",
+"// Full pump flow pressure,\n",
+"p_ful_pump_flow=F_new/A; //psi\n",
+"  \n",
+"// Results:\n",
+"printf('\n  Results:  ')   \n",
+"printf('\n The Cracking pressure is %.0f psi.',p_crack)\n",
+"printf('\n The Full pump flow pressure  is %.0f psi.',p_ful_pump_flow)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2_a: compute_horsepower_across_pressure_relief_valve.sci"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Aim:To compute horsepower across the pressure relief valve\n",
+"// Given:\n",
+"// pressure relief valve setting:\n",
+"p=1000; //psi\n",
+"// pump flow to the tank:\n",
+"Q=20; //gpm"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2_b: SOLUTION_horsepower_across_pressure_relief_valve.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_2_soln.sce')\n",
+"filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_2_data.sci'\n",
+"exec(filename)\n",
+"// Solution:\n",
+"// Horsepower across the valve,\n",
+"HP=((p*Q)/1714); //HP\n",
+" \n",
+"// Results:\n",
+"printf('\n  Results:  ')   \n",
+"printf('\n The Horsepower across the pressure relief valve is %.1f HP.',HP)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3_a: compute_horsepower_across_unloading_valve.sci"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Aim:To compute horsepower across the unloading valve\n",
+"// Given:\n",
+"// pump pressure during unloading:\n",
+"p=25; //psi\n",
+"// pump flow to the tank:\n",
+"Q=20; //gpm"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3_b: SOLUTION_horsepower_across_unloading_valve.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_3_soln.sce')\n",
+"filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_3_data.sci'\n",
+"exec(filename)\n",
+"// Solution:\n",
+"// Horsepower across the valve,\n",
+"HP=((p*Q)/1714); //HP\n",
+" \n",
+"// Results:\n",
+"printf('\n  Results:  ')   \n",
+"printf('\n The Horsepower across the unloading valve is %.2f HP.',HP)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4_a: find_flow_rate_through_the_orifice.sci"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Aim:To find flow-rate through given orifice\n",
+"// Given:\n",
+"// pressure drop across orifice:\n",
+"del_p=100; //psi\n",
+"// orifice diameter:\n",
+"D=1; //in\n",
+"// specific gravity of oil:\n",
+"SG_oil=0.9;\n",
+"// flow coefficient for sharp edge orifice:\n",
+"C=0.80;\n",
+" "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4_b: SOLUTION_flow_rate_through_the_orifice.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_4_soln.sce')\n",
+"filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_4_data.sci'\n",
+"exec(filename)\n",
+"// Solution:\n",
+"// flow-rate through orifice,\n",
+"Q=38.1*C*((%pi*(D^2))/4)*sqrt(del_p/SG_oil); //gpm\n",
+"// Results:\n",
+"printf('\n  Results:  ')   \n",
+"printf('\n The flow-rate through orifice is %.0f gpm.',Q)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.5_a: determine_capacity_coefficient_of_flowcontrol_valve.sci"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Aim:To determine the capacity coefficient of flow control valve \n",
+"// Given:\n",
+"// pressure drop across flow control valve:\n",
+"del_p=100; //psi\n",
+"del_p1=687; //kPa\n",
+"// flow-rate across valve:\n",
+"Q=25; //gpm\n",
+"Q1=94.8; //Lpm\n",
+"// specific gravity of oil:\n",
+"SG_oil=0.9; "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.5_b: SOLUTION_capacity_coefficient_of_flowcontrol_valve.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_5_soln.sce')\n",
+"filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_5_data.sci'\n",
+"exec(filename)\n",
+"// Solution:\n",
+"// capacity coefficient in English Units,\n",
+"Cv=Q/sqrt(del_p/SG_oil); //gpm/sqrt(psi)\n",
+"// capacity coefficient in Metric Units,\n",
+"Cv1=Q1/sqrt(del_p1/SG_oil); //Lpm/sqrt(kPA)\n",
+"// Results:\n",
+"printf('\n  Results:  ')   \n",
+"printf('\n The capacity coefficient in English unit is %.2f gpm/sqrt(psi).',Cv)\n",
+"printf('\n The capacity coefficient in Metric unit is %.2f Lpm/sqrt(kPa).',Cv1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.6_a: determine_capacity_coefficient_of_needle_valve.sci"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Aim:To determine the capacity coefficient of needle valve \n",
+"// Given:\n",
+"// Desired cylinder speed:\n",
+"v2=10; //in/s\n",
+"// Cylinder piston area:\n",
+"A1=3.14; //in^2\n",
+"// Cylinder rod area:\n",
+"Ar=0.79; //in^2\n",
+"// Cylinder load:\n",
+"F_load=1000; //lb\n",
+"// Specific gravity of oil:\n",
+"SG_oil=0.9;\n",
+"// Pressure relief valve setting:\n",
+"p1=500; //psi"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.6_b: SOLUTION_capacity_coefficient_of_needle_valve.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"pathname=get_absolute_file_path('8_6_soln.sce')\n",
+"filename=pathname+filesep()+'8_6_data.sci'\n",
+"exec(filename)\n",
+"// Solution:\n",
+"// annular area of cylinder,\n",
+"A2=A1-Ar; //in^2\n",
+"// back pressure in the rod end,\n",
+"p2=((p1*A1)-F_load)/A2; //psi\n",
+"// flow rate through needle valve based on desired cylinder speed,\n",
+"Q=(A2*v2*60)/231; //gpm\n",
+"// capacity coefficient of needle valve,\n",
+"Cv=Q/sqrt(p2/SG_oil); //gpm/sqrt(psi)\n",
+"// Results:\n",
+"printf('\n  Results:  ')   \n",
+"printf('\n The capacity coefficient of needle valve is %.2f gpm/sqrt(psi).',Cv)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}