Merge pull request #1 from prashantsinalkar/masterHEADmaster

Initial commit

13 files changed, 2722 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/10-Optical_amplifiers.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/10-Optical_amplifiers.ipynb
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/10-Optical_amplifiers.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 10: Optical amplifiers"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.1: refractive_index_and_spectral_bandwidth.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 10.1;refractive index and bandwidth\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"lamda=1.55*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"del_lamda=1*10^-9;// in m\n",
+"L=320*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"n=(lamda)^2/(2*del_lamda*L);\n",
+"Gs=10^(5/10);// 5 dB is equivalent to 3.16\n",
+"R1=30/100;\n",
+"R2=R1;\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m/s\n",
+"del_v=(c/(%pi*n*L))*asin((1-(Gs*sqrt(R1*R2)))/(sqrt(4*Gs*sqrt(R1*R2))));\n",
+"disp(n,'refrative index is')\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp(del_v*10^-9,'spectral bandwidth in GHz is')\n",
+"//bandwidth is calculated wrong in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.2: small_signal_gain_and_maximum_possible_achievable_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 10.2;small-signal gain of EDFA and maximum pssible achievable gain\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"ts=0.80;//\n",
+"sa=4.6444*10^-25;//in m^2\n",
+"n12=6*10^24;//m^-3\n",
+"se=4.644*10^-25;//m^2\n",
+"n21=0.70;//\n",
+"l=7;//in meter\n",
+"x=((sa*n12*l*(((se/sa)+1)*n21-1)));//\n",
+"G=ts*exp(x);//\n",
+"Gdb=10*log10(G);//\n",
+"Gmax=exp(se*n12*l);//\n",
+"Gmaxdb=10*log10(Gmax);//\n",
+"disp(Gdb,'small signal gain of EDFA in dB is')\n",
+"disp(Gmaxdb,'maximum possible achievable gain in dB is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.3: output_signal_power_and_overall_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 10.3;output signal power and overall gain\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"psin=1*10^-6;//in watts\n",
+"ppin=1;//in watts\n",
+"gr=5*10^-14;//mW^-1\n",
+"ap1=60*10^-12;//m^2\n",
+"l=2000;//meter\n",
+"asdb=0.15;//dB/km\n",
+"as=3.39*10^-5;//m^-1\n",
+"apdb=0.20;//db/km\n",
+"ap=4.50*10^-5;//m^-1\n",
+"z=(1-exp(-ap*l))/ap;//\n",
+"y=(gr/ap1);//\n",
+"y1=z*y;//\n",
+"y2=y1-(as*l);//\n",
+"psl=psin*exp(y2);//\n",
+"disp(psl*10^6,'output signal power for forward pumping in micro Watt is')\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"y1=z*y;//\n",
+"y2=y1-(as*l);//\n",
+"psl=psin*exp(y2);//\n",
+"gfra=psl/(psin);//\n",
+"Gdb=10*log10(gfra);//\n",
+"disp(Gdb,'overall gain in dB is')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/11-Wavelength_division_multiplexing.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/11-Wavelength_division_multiplexing.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c741c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/11-Wavelength_division_multiplexing.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 11: Wavelength division multiplexing"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.1: interaction_length.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 11.1:interaction length \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"po=1;//assume\n",
+"p1=po/2;//\n",
+"p2=p1;//\n",
+"kl=asin(sqrt(p1));//in degree\n",
+"disp(kl,'interaction length is')\n",
+"//answer is in the form of pi in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.2: position_of_the_output_ports.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 11.2:position \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"a=8.2;//in micro meter\n",
+"n1=1.45;//\n",
+"n2=1.446;//\n",
+"h1=1.31;//in micro meter\n",
+"h2=1.55;///in micro meter\n",
+"v1=((2*%pi*a*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2))/h1);//\n",
+"v2=((2*%pi*a*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2))/h2);//\n",
+"db=2.439;//\n",
+"del=5.5096*10^-3;//\n",
+"k1=1.0483;//mm^-1;//\n",
+"k2=1.2839///m^-1\n",
+"l1=((%pi)/(4*k1));//in mm\n",
+"l2=((%pi)/(4*k2));//in mm\n",
+"disp('output port positioned at '+string(l2)+' mm with respect to the input port will gather signals at h1=1310nm')\n",
+"disp('output port positioned at '+string(l1)+' mm with respect to the input port will gather signals at h1=1550nm')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.4: order.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 11.4: ARRAYED GUIDE\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"c=3*10^8;\n",
+"lamda_c=1.55*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"vc=c/lamda_c;\n",
+"n=16;// number of channel\n",
+"f=100*10^9;// in Hz\n",
+"delV_FSR=n*f;\n",
+"m=round(vc/delV_FSR);\n",
+"disp(m,'required order of the arrayed waveguide, = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/12-Fiber_optic_communication_system.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/12-Fiber_optic_communication_system.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0f8277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/12-Fiber_optic_communication_system.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 12: Fiber optic communication system"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.1: maximum_possible_link_length_and_total_rise_time.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 12.1: link length and reise time\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"af=2.5;//dB/km\n",
+"ac=0.5;//dB/splice\n",
+"nc=1;//\n",
+"lc=1;//dB\n",
+"ncc=2;//\n",
+"plx=-10;//dBm\n",
+"prx=-42;//dBm\n",
+"Ms=6;//dB\n",
+"L=((plx-prx-Ms-(lc*ncc))/(af+ac));//\n",
+"TTX=12;//NS\n",
+"TRX=11;//NS\n",
+"NS1=3;//NS/KM\n",
+"NS2=1;//NS/KM\n",
+"tmat=(NS1*L);//ns\n",
+"tint=(NS2*L);//ns\n",
+"tsys=sqrt((TTX^2+tmat^2+tint^2+TRX^2));//ns\n",
+"disp(L,'maximum possible link length in km is')\n",
+"disp(round(tsys),'total rise time of the system in ns is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.2: link_length_and_bandwidth.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 12.2: link length and bandwidth\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"af=3;//dB/km\n",
+"ac=0.5;//dB/splice\n",
+"nc=1;//\n",
+"lc=1;//dB\n",
+"ncc=1.5;//\n",
+"plx=0;//dBm\n",
+"prx=-25;//dBm\n",
+"Ms=7;//dB\n",
+"L=((plx-prx-Ms-(lc*ncc))/(af+ac));//\n",
+"TTX=12;//NS\n",
+"TRX=11;//NS\n",
+"NS1=3;//NS/KM\n",
+"NS2=1;//NS/KM\n",
+"tmat=(NS1*L);//ns\n",
+"tint=(NS2*L);//ns\n",
+"tsys=sqrt((TTX^2+tmat^2+tint^2+TRX^2));//ns\n",
+"disp(L,'maximum possible link length in km is')\n",
+"format('v',3)\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"af=3;//dB/km\n",
+"ac=0.5;//dB/splice\n",
+"nc=1;//\n",
+"lc=1;//dB\n",
+"ncc=1.5;//\n",
+"plx=-0;//dBm\n",
+"prx=-25;//dBm\n",
+"Ms=7;//dB\n",
+"L=((plx-prx-Ms-(lc*ncc))/(af+ac));//\n",
+"TTX=1;//NS\n",
+"TRX=5;//NS\n",
+"NS1=9;//NS/KM\n",
+"NS2=2;//NS/KM\n",
+"tf=((NS1*L)^2+(NS2*L)^2);//\n",
+"tsys=sqrt((TTX^2+tf+TRX^2));//ns\n",
+"df=0.35/(tsys*10^-3);//\n",
+"disp(round(df),'system bandwidth in MHz iz')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.3: number_of_subscribers.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 12.3;no. of subscribers\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"pt=1;//mW\n",
+"pn=-40;//dBm\n",
+"pn1=10^(pn/10);//\n",
+"c=0.05;//\n",
+"d=0.11;//\n",
+"x=((pn1)/(pt*c));//\n",
+"y=((log10(x))/(log10((1-d)*(1-c))));//\n",
+"n=y+1;//\n",
+"disp(round(n),'no. of subscribers are')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.4: total_power.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 12.4: Total power\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"L_eff=20;// in km\n",
+"del_lamdaC=125;// in nm\n",
+"gR=6*10^-14;// m/W\n",
+"A_eff=55*10^-12;// in m^2;\n",
+"del_lamdaS=0.8;// in nm\n",
+"N=32;// number of channels\n",
+"F=0.1;//  constant\n",
+"P_tot=(4*F*del_lamdaC*A_eff)/(gR*del_lamdaS*L_eff*(N-1));\n",
+"disp(P_tot,'Total power,P_tot(mW) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.5: SBS_threshold_power.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 12.5: SBS threshold power\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"gb=4*10^-11;// in m/W\n",
+"A_eff=55*10^-12;// in m^2\n",
+"L_eff=20;// in km\n",
+"lamda_p=1.55;// micro-m\n",
+"n=1.46;// constant\n",
+"Va=5960;// for the silica fiber in m-s^-1\n",
+"Vb=(2*n*Va)/lamda_p;\n",
+"del_v=100*10^6;// in Hz\n",
+"del_Vb=20*10^6;// in Hz\n",
+"b1=1;\n",
+"b2=2;\n",
+"P_th=((21*b1*A_eff)/(gb*L_eff))*(1+(del_v/del_Vb))\n",
+"P_th1=((21*b2*A_eff)/(gb*L_eff))*(1+(del_v/del_Vb))\n",
+"disp(P_th,'SBS threshold power for the worst case in mW')\n",
+"disp(P_th1,'SBS threshold power for the best possible case in mW')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/13-Fiber_optic_sensors.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/13-Fiber_optic_sensors.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e20757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/13-Fiber_optic_sensors.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 13: Fiber optic sensors"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.1: plot_the_graph.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 13.1: plot\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"lod=[0;20;40;60;80;100;160];//in micro meter\n",
+"slong=[1.0;0.95;0.92;0.89;0.86;0.83;0.80];//\n",
+"lad=[0;10;20;30;40;50;60;70;80;90;100];//in micro meter\n",
+"slat=[0;0.1;0.2;0.3;0.4;0.5;0.6;0.7;0.8;0.9;1.0];//\n",
+"add=[0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10];//\n",
+"sang=[0;0.5;0.6;0.7;0.8;0.9;1.0;1.1;.12];//\n",
+"t=0:20:200;\n",
+"s1=1.0:-0.03:0.7;//\n",
+"subplot(131)\n",
+"plot(t,s1);//\n",
+"xtitle('Variation of Slong as a function of Δ x (with Δy=0 and Δθ=0) ')\n",
+"xlabel('Longitudinal displacement Δ x (micro meter)')\n",
+"ylabel('Slong (normalised)')\n",
+"t1=0:10:100;\n",
+"s2=1:-0.1:0;//\n",
+"subplot(132)\n",
+"plot(t1,s2);//\n",
+"xtitle('Variation of Slat as a function of Δ y (with Δx=0 and Δθ=0) ')\n",
+"xlabel('Lateral displacement Δ y (micro meter)')\n",
+"ylabel('Slat (normalised)')\n",
+"t2=0:1:10;\n",
+"s3=1.0:-0.03:0.7;//\n",
+"subplot(133)\n",
+"plot(t2,s3);//\n",
+"xtitle('Variation of Sang as a function of Δ θ (with Δx=0 and Δy=0) ')\n",
+"xlabel('Angular displacement Δ θ (deg)')\n",
+"ylabel('Sang (normalised)')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.2: phase_change_per_unit_length.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 13.2: phase change\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"n=1.45;// index of core\n",
+"a=10^-5;// in C^-1\n",
+"b=5.1*10^-7;// in C^-1\n",
+"lamda=.633*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"// formula:- (1/L)*(del_fi/del_T)=((2*PI)/lamda)[(n/L)*(del_L/del_T)+(del_n/del_T)]\n",
+"//let we assume a=del_n/del_T, b=(1/L)*(del_L/del_T), c=(1/L)*(del_fi/del_T)\n",
+"c=((2*%pi)/lamda)*((n*b)+a);\n",
+"disp(c,'phase change,(rad/m°C) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.3: phase_shift.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 13.3: phase shift\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('e',9)\n",
+"L=500;// in m\n",
+"D=0.1;//in m\n",
+"ohm=7.3*10^-5;// in rad s^-1\n",
+"lamda=0.85*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m/s\n",
+"del_fi=(2*%pi*L*D*ohm)/(c*lamda);\n",
+"disp(del_fi,'phase shift,del_fi(rad) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/14-Laser_based_systems.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/14-Laser_based_systems.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c6a3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/14-Laser_based_systems.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 14: Laser based systems"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.1: energy_and_threshold_electrical_energy.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 14.1: energy and threshold electrical energy\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"no=1.9*10^19;//cm^-3;//\n",
+"hc=6.6*10^-34;//\n",
+"v=5.45*10^14;//Hz\n",
+"av=2;//\n",
+"nv=1;//\n",
+"n2=no/2;//\n",
+"eng=((n2*hc*v)/(av*nv));// J cm^-2\n",
+"disp(eng,'energy in J cm^-2 is')\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"oe=0.50;//\n",
+"mr=0.15;//\n",
+"lr=0.20;//\n",
+"teng=eng/(oe*mr*lr);//\n",
+"disp(teng,'threshold energy in J cm^-2 is')\n",
+"//electrical energy is calculated wrong in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.3: maximum_power_emerging.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 14.3: output power\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"h=0.6943*10^-6;//\n",
+"lm=10;//in cm\n",
+"r1=1.0;//\n",
+"r2=0.8;//\n",
+"t1=0.98;//\n",
+"as=1;//cm^2;//\n",
+"Ls=2;//cm\n",
+"gth=((1/(2*lm))*log((1/(r1*r2*(t1)^8))))+(as*Ls)/lm;//\n",
+"sg=1.5*10^-20;//\n",
+"ndth=gth/sg;//cm^-3;//\n",
+"nth=ndth*as*lm;//atoms\n",
+"ni=5*nth;//atoms\n",
+"ng=1.78;//\n",
+"ns=2.7;//\n",
+"lair=2;//\n",
+"c=3*10^10;//\n",
+"trt=((2*ng*lm)/c)+((2*ns*Ls)/c)+((2*lair)/c);//seconds\n",
+"npmax=((ni-nth)/2)-(nth/2)*log(ni/nth);//photons\n",
+"L=14;//cm\n",
+"at=((as*Ls)/L)+((1/(2*L))*log(1/(r1*t1^8)));//\n",
+"aext=((1/(2*L))*log(1/r2));//\n",
+"tp=((trt)/(1-(r1*r2*t1^8*exp(-2*as*Ls))));//seconds\n",
+"hc=6.6*10^-34;//\n",
+"pmax=((aext/at)*hc*c*npmax)/(h*tp);//in watts\n",
+"disp(pmax*10^-6,'maximum power in MW is')\n",
+"//answer is wrong in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.4: pulse_width_and_spatial_length.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 14.4: pulse width and spatial length \n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"del_v=1.5*10^9;// in Hz\n",
+"tau_p=1/del_v;\n",
+"C=3*10^8;// constant\n",
+"disp(tau_p*10^9,'pulse width,del_v(ns) = ')\n",
+"Lp=C*tau_p;\n",
+"disp(Lp*10^2,'spatial length,Lp(cm) = ')\n",
+"//spatial length is calculated wrong in the textbook\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"del_v=6*10^10;// in Hz\n",
+"tau_p=1/del_v;\n",
+"C=3*10^8;// constant\n",
+"disp(tau_p*10^12,'pulse width,del_v(ps) = ')\n",
+"Lp=C*tau_p*10^3;\n",
+"disp(Lp,'spatial length,Lp(mm) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.5: time_difference.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 14.5: time difference\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"n=1.33;//\n",
+"x=2;//\n",
+"l=50;//m\n",
+"c=3*10^8;//m/s\n",
+"dt=((n*x*l)/c);//s\n",
+"disp(dt*10^6,'time difference is,(micro-seconds)=')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/2-Ray_propagation_in_optical_fibers.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/2-Ray_propagation_in_optical_fibers.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f0b547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/2-Ray_propagation_in_optical_fibers.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 2: Ray propagation in optical fibers"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.1: NA_angles_and_pulse_broadning.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 2.1 // NA ,angles and pulse broadning\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',9 )\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"n1=1.5;//core refrative index\n",
+"n2=1.48;//claddin refractive index\n",
+"a=100/2;//radius in micro meter\n",
+"na=1;//air refrative index\n",
+"NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2);//numerical aperture\n",
+"disp(NA,'numerical aperture is')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"am=(asind(NA));//\n",
+"tm=asind(NA/n1);//\n",
+"tc=asind(n2/n1);//\n",
+"disp(am,'angle in degree is (αm)')\n",
+"disp(tm,'angle in degree is (Om)')\n",
+"disp(tc,'angle in degree is(Φc)')\n",
+"disp('part (c)')\n",
+"c=3*10^8;//speed of light in m/s\n",
+"dtl=((n1/n2)*(n1-n2)/c);//pulse broadning per unit length\n",
+"disp(dtl,'pulse broadning per unit length in sm^-1')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.2: number_of_reflections.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 2.2 // minimum and maximum number of reflections\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"n1=1.5;//core refrative index\n",
+"n2=1.48;//claddin refractive index\n",
+"a=100/2;//radius in micro meter\n",
+"na=1;//air refrative index\n",
+"NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2);//numerical aperture\n",
+"am=(asind(NA));//\n",
+"tm=asind(NA/n1);//\n",
+"tc=asind(n2/n1);//\n",
+"L=((a*10^-6)/(tand(tm)));//length in meter\n",
+"x=(1/(2*L));//maximum number of reflections per meter\n",
+"disp('all other rays will suffer reflections between these two extremes of '+string(0)+' and '+string(x)+' m^-1')\n",
+"//answer is wrong in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.3: pulse_broadning.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 2.3 // pulse broadning\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"h=0.85;//WAVELENGTH IN MICRO METER\n",
+"y=0.035;//spectral width\n",
+"c=0.021;//constant\n",
+"cl=3;//speed of light in m/s\n",
+"dtl=(y/cl)*c;//\n",
+"disp(dtl*10^4,'pulse broadning  in ns km^-1')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.4: pulse_broadning.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 2.4 // pulse broadning\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"h=850;//WAVELENGTH IN NANO METER\n",
+"l=80;//fiber length in Km\n",
+"dh=30;//in Nano Meter\n",
+"m1=105.5;//material dispersion for h=850nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"m2=2.8;//material dispersion for h=1300nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"t=m1*l*dh*10^-3;//material dispersion in ns when h=850nm\n",
+"disp(t,'material dispersion in ns when h=850nm')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"h=1300;//WAVELENGTH IN NANO METER\n",
+"l=80;//fiber length in Km\n",
+"dh=30;//in Nano Meter\n",
+"m1=105.5;//material dispersion for h=850nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"m2=2.8;//material dispersion for h=1300nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"t=m2*l*dh*10^-3;//material dispersion in ns when h=850nm\n",
+"disp(t,'material dispersion in ns when h=1300nm')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.5: pulse_broadning.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 2.5; pulse broadning\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"h=850;//WAVELENGTH IN NANO METER\n",
+"l=80;//fiber length in Km\n",
+"dh=2;//in Nano Meter\n",
+"m1=105.5;//material dispersion for h=850nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"m2=2.8;//material dispersion for h=1300nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"t=m1*l*dh*10^-3;//material dispersion in ns when h=850nm\n",
+"disp(t,'material dispersion in ns when h=850nm')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"h=1300;//WAVELENGTH IN NANO METER\n",
+"l=80;//fiber length in Km\n",
+"dh=2;//in Nano Meter\n",
+"m1=105.5;//material dispersion for h=850nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"m2=2.8;//material dispersion for h=1300nm in ps/nm-Km\n",
+"t=m2*l*dh*10^-3;//material dispersion in ns when h=850nm\n",
+"disp(t,'material dispersion in ns when h=1300nm')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/3-Wave_propagation_in_planar_waveguides.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/3-Wave_propagation_in_planar_waveguides.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b852d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/3-Wave_propagation_in_planar_waveguides.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 3: Wave propagation in planar waveguides"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.1: range_of_propagation_constants_and_maximum_number_of_modes.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 3.1 // range of propagation constants and maximum no. of modes\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',9)\n",
+"n1=1.5;//core refractive index\n",
+"n2=1.49;//cladding refrative index\n",
+"t=9.83;//thickness of guided layer in micro meter\n",
+"h=0.85;//wavelength in µm\n",
+"b1=((2*%pi*n1)/(h*10^-6));//phase propagation constant in m^-1\n",
+"b2=((2*%pi*n2)/(h*10^-6));//phase propagation constant in m^-1\n",
+"m=((4*t)/h)*(sqrt(n1^2-n2^2));//number of modes\n",
+"disp('range of propagation constant is '+string(b1)+' to '+string(b2)+' in m^-1')\n",
+"disp(round(m/2),'number of modes are')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.2: thickness.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 3.2 // thickness\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"n1=3.6;//core refractive index\n",
+"n2=3.56;//cladding refrative index\n",
+"h=0.85;//wavelength in µm\n",
+"a=((h/(2*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2))));//thickness in µm\n",
+"disp('thicknes of the slab should not be greater than '+string(a)+' µm')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.3: number_of_TE_modes_and_propagation_parameters.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 3.3 // no. of modes\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',10)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"n1=1.5;//core refractive index\n",
+"n2=1.48;//cladding refrative index\n",
+"t=10.11;//thickness of guided layer in micro meter\n",
+"h=1.55;//wavelength in µm\n",
+"b1=((2*%pi*n1)/(h*10^-6));//phase propagation constant in m^-1\n",
+"b2=((2*%pi*n2)/(h*10^-6));//phase propagation constant in m^-1\n",
+"m=((2*%pi*t)/h)*(sqrt(n1^2-n2^2));//number of modes\n",
+"disp(round(m/2),'number of modes are')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"n1=1.5;//core refractive index\n",
+"n2=1.48;//cladding refrative index\n",
+"t1=10.11;//thickness of guided layer in micro meter\n",
+"t=t1/2;\n",
+"h=1.55;//wavelength in µm\n",
+"b1=((2*%pi*n1)/(h*10^-6));//phase propagation constant in m^-1\n",
+"b2=((2*%pi*n2)/(h*10^-6));//phase propagation constant in m^-1\n",
+"mo=(((2*%pi*t1)/h)*(sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)))/2;//number of modes\n",
+"uma0=1.30644;// for m=0 from the curve\n",
+"uma1=2.59574;// for m=1 from the curve\n",
+"uma2=3.83747;// for m=2 from the curve\n",
+"uma3=4.9063;// for m=3 from the curve\n",
+"wma0=4.8263;// for m=0 from the curve\n",
+"wma1=4.27342;// for m=1 from the curve\n",
+"wma2=3.20529;// for m=2 from the curve\n",
+"wma3=0.963466;// for m=3 from the curve\n",
+"um0=uma0/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"um1=uma1/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"um2=uma2/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"um3=uma3/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"wm0=wma0/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"wm1=wma1/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"wm2=wma2/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"wm3=wma3/(t*10^-6);//in m^-1\n",
+"bm0=((wm0*t*10^-6)/mo)^2;//for m=0 \n",
+"bm1=((wm1*t*10^-6)/mo)^2;//for m=1\n",
+"bm2=((wm2*t*10^-6)/mo)^2;//for m=2 \n",
+"bm3=((wm3*t*10^-6)/mo)^2;//for m=3\n",
+"m0=sqrt((bm0*(b1^2-b2^2))+b2^2);//for m=0 in m^-1\n",
+"m1=sqrt((bm1*(b1^2-b2^2))+b2^2);//for m=1 in m^-1\n",
+"m2=sqrt((bm2*(b1^2-b2^2))+b2^2);//for m=2 in m^-1\n",
+"m3=sqrt((bm3*(b1^2-b2^2))+b2^2);//for m=3 in m^-1\n",
+"params = [' ' 'm' 'um[m^-1]' 'wm[m^-1]' 'bm'  ];\n",
+"m = ['0' '1' '2' '3']';\n",
+"um = ['um0' 'um1' 'um2' 'um3']';\n",
+"wm  = string([22.41 11.77 33.41 4.24]');\n",
+"bm = string([26 19 22 17]');\n",
+"params = ['m' 'um[m^-1]' 'wm[m^-1]' 'bm' 'ßm[m^-1]' ];\n",
+"city=string([0 1 2 3]');\n",
+"towns = string([um0 um1 um2 um3]');\n",
+"country = string([wm0 wm1 wm2 wm3]');\n",
+" pop  = string([bm0 bm1 bm2 bm3]');\n",
+" temp = string([m0 m1 m2 m3]');\n",
+" table = [params; [ city towns country pop temp ]]\n",
+" disp(table ,'constants are :')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.4: G_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 3.4 //G factor\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',10)\n",
+"d=0.793;//in micro meter\n",
+"v=%pi/2;//point of intersection\n",
+"ua=0.934;//\n",
+"wa=1.262;//\n",
+"Y=(wa*(1+(sind(ua))*(cosd(ua))/ua));//\n",
+"G=(1+((cosd(ua))^2)/Y)^(-1);//\n",
+"disp(G,'G factor is')\n",
+"//answer is wrong in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/4-Wave_propagation_in_cylindrical_waveguides.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/4-Wave_propagation_in_cylindrical_waveguides.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38fecf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/4-Wave_propagation_in_cylindrical_waveguides.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 4: Wave propagation in cylindrical waveguides"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.1: normalised_frequency_propagation_constants_and_phase_velocity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.1;//normalised frequency,propagation constants and phase velocity\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"n1=1.46;//core refrative index\n",
+"di=7.2;//core diameter \n",
+"n=1.46;//core refrative index\n",
+"d=1;//relative differnce\n",
+"h=1.55 ;// in micro meter\n",
+"v=((2*%pi*(di*10^-6)/2)*n*sqrt(2*(d/100)))/(h*10^-6);//normalised frequency parameter\n",
+"disp(v,'normalised frequency parameter is')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"format('e',11)\n",
+"b1=(2*%pi*n1)/(h*10^-6);// in m^-1\n",
+"n2=n1-(d/100);//cladding refrative index\n",
+"b2=(2*%pi*n2)/(h*10^-6);// in m^-1\n",
+"bo1=0.82;//\n",
+"b11=0.18;//\n",
+"B01=(b2^2+(bo1*(b1^2-b2^2)))^(1/2);//\n",
+"B11=(b2^2+(b11*(b1^2-b2^2)))^(1/2);//\n",
+"disp('propogation constants are Bo1 '+string(B01)+' and B11 '+string(B11)+' ')\n",
+"//propogation constants are  calculated wrong in the text bOOK\n",
+"disp('part (c)')\n",
+"format('e',9)\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in ms^-1\n",
+"vp1=(2*%pi*c)/(h*10^-6*B01);//IN MS^-1\n",
+"vp2=(2*%pi*c)/(h*10^-6*B11);//IN MS^-1\n",
+"disp('phase velocity are (Vp)01  '+string(vp1)+' ms^-1 and (Vp)11 '+string(vp2)+' ms^-1 ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.2: frational_power_propagation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 4.2;//frational power\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"p01=0.11;//from the graph\n",
+"p11=0.347;//from the graph\n",
+"disp(p01*100,'power for LP01 mode is (%) ')\n",
+"disp(p11*100,'power for LP11 mode is (%)' )"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.3: normalised_frequency_parameters_and_number_of_modes.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 4.3:Number of the modes\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"h= 0.85;// Wavelenght in micrometers\n",
+"a= 50;// Core radius in micrometers\n",
+"NA=0.17;//\n",
+"v1=(2*%pi*a*NA)/h;\n",
+"m2= round((v1^2)/2);\n",
+"disp(m2,'Number of modes')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.4: diameter.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 4.4:core diameter\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"d=0.02;//difference\n",
+"n1=1.5;//core refrative index\n",
+"m=1000;// number of modes\n",
+"h= 1.3;// Wavelenght in micrometers\n",
+"a=((h/(%pi*n1))*(m/d)^(1/2));//core diamter in micro meter\n",
+"disp(a,'core diameter in micro meter')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.5: wavelength_and_diameter.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 4.5:core diameter\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"d=0.02;//difference\n",
+"a1=75;//in micro meter\n",
+"n1=1.45;//core refrative index\n",
+"m=700;// number of modes\n",
+"v=sqrt(4*m);//\n",
+"h=((2*%pi*(a1/2)*n1*sqrt(2*(d/100)))/v);//in micro meter\n",
+"vc=2.405*sqrt(2);//for single mode fiber\n",
+"a=((vc*h)/(%pi*n1*sqrt(2*(d/100))));//core diamter in micro meter\n",
+"disp(a,'maximum core diameter in micro meter')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/5-Single_mode_fibers.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/5-Single_mode_fibers.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6101428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/5-Single_mode_fibers.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 5: Single mode fibers"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.1: w_and_wp.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 5.1:w and wp\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"n=1.46;//core refractive index\n",
+"d=0.003;//differnce in core-cladding refrative index\n",
+"a=4;//core radius in micro meter\n",
+"h1=1.30;// inmicro meter\n",
+"h2=1.55;//in micro meter\n",
+"v1=((2*%pi*(a*10^-6))*n*sqrt(2*(d)))/(h1*10^-6);//normalised frequency parameter\n",
+"v2=((2*%pi*(a*10^-6))*n*sqrt(2*(d)))/(h2*10^-6);//normalised frequency parameter\n",
+"w1=(a*10^-6)*(0.65+((1.619)/(v1)^(3/2))+(2.879/(v1)^6));//in meter\n",
+"wp1=w1-(a*10^-6)*(0.016+((1.567)/(v1)^7));//in micro meter\n",
+"w2=(a*10^-6)*(0.65+((1.619)/(v2)^(3/2))+(2.879/(v2)^6));//in meter\n",
+"wp2=w2-(a*10^-6)*(0.016+((1.567)/(v2)^7));//in micro meter\n",
+"disp(' w is '+string(w1*10^6)+' and wp is '+string(wp1*10^6)+' in micro meter when wavelength is 1.30 micro meter')\n",
+"disp(' w is '+string(w2*10^6)+' and wp is '+string(wp2*10^6)+' in micro meter when wavelength is 1.55 micro meter')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.2: difference_between_propogation_constant_and_modal_birefringence.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 5.2;//difference between propogation constant and modal birefringence\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"bl=10;//beat length in cm\n",
+"h=1;//in micro meter\n",
+"db=((2*%pi)/(bl*10^-2));//in m^-1\n",
+"disp(db,'difference between propogation constant in m^-1')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"format('v',8)\n",
+"mb=db*((h*10^-6)/(2*%pi));//modal birefringence\n",
+"disp(mb,'modal birefringence is')\n",
+"//answer is approximately equal to the answer in the book"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.3: waveguide_dispersion_parameter.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 5.3:waveguide dispersion factor\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"n=1.45;//core refractive index\n",
+"d=0.003;//differnce in core-cladding refrative index\n",
+"n2=1.45*(1-d);//cladding refractive index\n",
+"d1=8.2;//core diameter in micro meter\n",
+"a=d1/2;//core radius in micro meter\n",
+"h1=1.30;// inmicro meter\n",
+"h2=1.55;//in micro meter\n",
+"v1=(2*%pi*a*n*sqrt(2*d))/h1;//normalised frequency parameter\n",
+"v2=((2*%pi*(a))*n*sqrt(2*(d)))/(h2);//normalised frequency parameter\n",
+"v1dv=0.080+0.549*(2.834-v1)^2;//\n",
+"v2dv=0.080+0.549*(2.834-v2)^2;//\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m/s\n",
+"dw1=-((n2*d*v1dv)/(c*h1))*10^12;//waveguide dispersion factor in ps nm^-1 km^-1\n",
+"dw2=-((n2*d*v2dv)/(c*h2))*10^12;//waveguide dispersion factor in ps nm^-1 km^-1\n",
+"disp(' waveguide dispersion factor is '+string(dw1)+'  in ps nm^-1 km^-1 at wavelength 1.3 micro meter')\n",
+"disp(' waveguide dispersion factor is '+string(dw2)+'  in ps nm^-1 km^-1 at wavelength 1.55 micro meter')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.4: diameter_of_core_and_total_dispersion.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 5.4:diameter of the core\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"c=3*10^8;//in m/s\n",
+"dm=6;//material dispersion in ps nm^-1 km^-1\n",
+"h=1.55;//in micro meter\n",
+"n1=1.45;//core refrative index\n",
+"d=0.005;//differnce\n",
+"n2=n1*(1-d);//cladding refrative index\n",
+"x=((-dm/(((-n2*d)/(c*h))*10^12))-0.080)/0.549;//\n",
+"v=-(sqrt(x)-2.834);//\n",
+"d=((v*h)/(%pi*n1*sqrt(2*d)));//diameter in micro meter\n",
+"disp(d,'diameter of the core in micro meter')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.5: splice_loss.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 5.5:splice loss\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"h1=1.30;//in micro meter\n",
+"wp1=4.6155;//in micro meter\n",
+"h2=1.55;//in micro meter\n",
+"wp2=5.355;//in micro meter\n",
+"sl1=4.34*(1/wp1)^2;//splice loss in dB\n",
+"sl2=4.34*(1/wp2)^2;//splice loss in dB\n",
+"disp(sl1,'splice loss in dB when wavelength is 1.30 micro meter')\n",
+"disp(sl2,'splice loss in dB when wavelength is 1.55 micro meter')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/6-Optical_fiber_cables_and_connections.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/6-Optical_fiber_cables_and_connections.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce55c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/6-Optical_fiber_cables_and_connections.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 6: Optical fiber cables and connections"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.1: refrative_index.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 6.1:refractive index\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"l=0.47;//in db\n",
+"nf=10^((l/-10));//\n",
+"x=poly(0,'x');\n",
+"p=1+-2.22*x+x^2;//\n",
+"y=roots(p);//\n",
+"disp(y(1,1),'refractive index is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.2: loss.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 6.2:loss\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"dya=0.1;//\n",
+"n1=1.50;//refrative index\n",
+"na=1;//\n",
+"k1=n1/n1;//\n",
+"k2=1;//\n",
+"nf=((16*(n1)^2)/((n1+1)^4));//\n",
+"nlat=(2/(3.14))*(acos(dya/2)-(dya/2)*(1-(dya/2)^2)^(1/2));//\n",
+"nt=nf*nlat;//\n",
+"lt=(-10*log10(nt));//in dB\n",
+"disp(lt,'insertion loss at the joint in dB is')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"dya=0.1;//\n",
+"n1=1.50;//refrative index\n",
+"na=1;//\n",
+"k1=n1/n1;//\n",
+"k2=1;//\n",
+"nf=((16*(n1)^2)/((n1+1)^4));//\n",
+"nlat=(2/(%pi))*(acos(dya/2)-(dya/2)*(1-(dya/2)^2)^(1/2));//\n",
+"nt=k2*nlat;//\n",
+"lt=(-10*log10(nt));//in dB\n",
+"disp(lt,'insertion loss at the joint in dB is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.3: insertion_loss_at_joint.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 6.3:loss\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"d=100;//micro meter\n",
+"dx=0;//\n",
+"dy=3;//in micro mete\n",
+"dth=3;//in degree\n",
+"dthr=dth*(%pi/180);//\n",
+"dya=0.02;//\n",
+"n1=1.48;//refrative index\n",
+"na=1;//\n",
+"k1=n1/n1;//\n",
+"k2=1;//\n",
+"nf=((16*(n1)^2)/((n1+1)^4));//\n",
+"nlat=(2/(%pi))*(acos(dy/100)-(dy/100)*(1-(dy/100)^2)^(1/2));//\n",
+"NA=n1*(sqrt(2*dya));//\n",
+"nang=((1-(na*dthr)/(%pi*NA)));//\n",
+"nt=nf*nlat*nang;//\n",
+"lt=(-10*log10(nt));//in dB\n",
+"disp(lt,'total loss in dB is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.4: insertion_loss_at_joint.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 6.4:loss\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',8)\n",
+"d1=80;//micro meter\n",
+"na1=0.25;//\n",
+"alpha1=2;//\n",
+"d2=60;//in micro meter\n",
+"na2=0.21;//\n",
+"alpha2=1.9;//\n",
+"ncd=(d2/d1)^2;//\n",
+"nna=(na2/na1)^2;//\n",
+"nalpha=((1+(2/alpha1))/(1+((2/alpha2))));//\n",
+"nt=ncd*nna*nalpha;//\n",
+"lt=(-10*log10(nt));//in dB\n",
+"disp(lt,'total loss in dB is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.5: insertion_loss_at_joint_in_the_forward_and_backward_direction.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Example 6.5:loss\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"d1=60;//micro meter\n",
+"na1=0.25;//\n",
+"alpha1=2.1;//\n",
+"d2=50;//in micro meter\n",
+"na2=0.20;//\n",
+"alpha2=1.9;//\n",
+"ncd=(d2/d1)^2;//\n",
+"nna=(na2/na1)^2;//\n",
+"nalpha1=1;//\n",
+"nalpha=((1+(2/alpha1))/(1+((2/alpha2))));//\n",
+"ncd1=1;//\n",
+"nna1=1;//\n",
+"nt=ncd*nna*nalpha1;//\n",
+"ltf=(-10*log10(nt));//in dB\n",
+"nt1=ncd1*nna1*nalpha;//\n",
+"ltb=(-10*log10(nt1));//in dB\n",
+"disp(ltf,'total loss forward direction in dB is')\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp(ltb,'total loss backward direction in dB is')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/7-Optoelectronic_Sources.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/7-Optoelectronic_Sources.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c689efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/7-Optoelectronic_Sources.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 7: Optoelectronic Sources"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.1: intrinsic_carrier_density.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 7.1: Intrinsic carrier\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',9)\n",
+"m=9.11*10^-31;// in kg\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23;// in JK^-1\n",
+"h=6.626*10^-34;// in Js\n",
+"ev=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"T=300;// in K\n",
+"me=0.07*m;// in kg\n",
+"mh=0.56*m;// in kg\n",
+"Eg=1.43*ev;// in J\n",
+"ni=2*((2*%pi*k*T)/h^2)^(3/2)*(me*mh)^(3/4)*exp(-Eg/(2*k*T));\n",
+"disp(ni,'Intrinsic carrier concentration ,ni(m^-3) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.2: diffusion_potential.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 7.2: Diffusion potential\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Na=5*10^23;// in m^-3\n",
+"Nd=5*10^21;// in m^-3\n",
+"T=300;// in K\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23;// in JK^-1\n",
+"V=(k*T)/e;\n",
+"ni=2.2*10^12;// in m^-3\n",
+"Vd=V*log((Na*Nd)/ni^2);\n",
+"disp(Vd,'Diffusion potential,Vd(V) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.3: injection_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 7.3: Injection efficiency\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"Na=10^23;// in m^-3\n",
+"Nd=10^21;// in m^-3\n",
+"T=300;// in K\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23;// in JK^-1\n",
+"mue=0.85;// in m^2V^-1s^-1\n",
+"muh=0.04;// in m^2V^-1s^-1\n",
+"De=(mue*k*T)/e;// in m^2s^-1\n",
+"Dh=(muh*k*T)/e;// in m^2s^-1\n",
+"Le=1;\n",
+"Lh=Le;\n",
+"eta_inj=1/(1+((De/Dh)*(Lh/Le)*(Nd/Na)));\n",
+"disp(eta_inj,'Injection efficiency,eta_inj = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.4: internal_and_quantum_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 7.4: Internal and quantum efficiency\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"tau_rr=1;\n",
+"tau_nr=tau_rr;\n",
+"eta_int=1/(1+(tau_rr/tau_nr));\n",
+"disp(eta_int,'Internal quantum efficiency = ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"ns=3.7;\n",
+"na=1.5;\n",
+"as=0;\n",
+"eta_ext=eta_int*(1-as)*((2*na^3)/(ns*(ns+na)^2));\n",
+"disp(eta_ext,'External quantum efficiency = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.5: number_of_longitudinal_modes.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 7.5: The number of longitudinal modes excited\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('e',10)\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"lamda=632.8*10^-9;// in m\n",
+"n=1;\n",
+"L=20*10^-2;// in m\n",
+"del_lamda=((lamda)^2/(2*n*L))*10^9;\n",
+"disp(del_lamda,'The number of longitudinal modes excited,(nm) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.6: The_reduction_and_Differential_quantum_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 7.6: The reduction and Differential quantum efficiency\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"alfa_eff=1.5;// in mm^-1\n",
+"gama=0.8;\n",
+"L=0.5;// in mm\n",
+"R1=0.35;\n",
+"R2=R1;\n",
+"R2a=1.0;\n",
+"g_th1=(1/gama)*(alfa_eff+(1/(2*L))*log(1/(R1*R2)));\n",
+"g_th2=(1/gama)*(alfa_eff+(1/(2*L))*log(1/(R1*R2a)));\n",
+"del_gth=g_th1-g_th2;\n",
+"disp(del_gth,'The reduction in threshold gain ,(mm^-1) = ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"eta_D=(gama*(g_th2-alfa_eff))/(g_th2);\n",
+"disp(eta_D,'Differential quantum efficiency =  ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.7: Internal_and_external_power_efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 7.7: Internal and external power efficiency\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"as=0;//\n",
+"ns=3.7;// assuming that the example 7.4\n",
+"eta_int=0.50;// internal efficiency\n",
+"V=1.5;// in V\n",
+"I=120*10^-3;// in A\n",
+"IBYe=120*10^-3;// \n",
+"Eph=1.43;// in eV\n",
+"eta_int=0.50;// internal efficiency\n",
+"fi_int=eta_int*IBYe*Eph;\n",
+"t_power=I*V;\n",
+"P_int=fi_int/t_power;\n",
+"disp(P_int,'The internal power efficiency = ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"eta_ext=eta_int*(1-as)*2/(ns*(ns+1)^2);\n",
+"fi_ext=eta_ext*IBYe*Eph;\n",
+"t_power=I*V;\n",
+"P_ext=fi_ext/t_power;\n",
+"disp(P_ext,'The external power efficiency = ')\n",
+"disp('part (c)')\n",
+"format('e',9)\n",
+"V=1.5;// in V\n",
+"I=120*10^-3;// in A\n",
+"IBYe=120*10^-3;// \n",
+"Eph=1.43;// in eV\n",
+"n1=1.5;\n",
+"n2=1.48;\n",
+"na=n1;\n",
+"eta_ext=0.0337;\n",
+"eta_T=eta_ext*((n1^2-n2^2)/na^2);\n",
+"fi_T=eta_T*IBYe*Eph;\n",
+"t_power=I*V;\n",
+"sfpc=fi_T/t_power;\n",
+"O_loss=-10*log10(sfpc);\n",
+"disp(sfpc,'The overall source fiber power coupling efficiency  = ')\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp(O_loss,'The optical loss,(dB) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/8-Optoelectronic_Detectors.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/8-Optoelectronic_Detectors.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0ae309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/8-Optoelectronic_Detectors.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: Optoelectronic Detectors"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1: wavelength_and_optical_power_and.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 8.1: The photon energy and optical power\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"h=6.626*10^-34;// in Js\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in ms^-1\n",
+"E=1.52*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"lamda=((h*c)/E)*10^6;\n",
+"disp(lamda,'The photon energy,(micro-m) = ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"Ip=3*10^6;// in A\n",
+"E=1.52*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"eta=70/100;\n",
+"R=(eta*e)/E;\n",
+"P_in=(Ip/R)*10^-6;\n",
+"disp(P_in,'The optical power,(micro W)')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2: quantum_efficiency_maximum_possible_band_gap_energy_and_photocurrent.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 8.2: The quantum efficiency,Maximum possible band gap energy and mean output\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"e=1;// electron\n",
+"p=2;// photon\n",
+"eta=(e/p)*100;\n",
+"disp(eta,'The quantum efficiency,eta(%) = ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"h=6.626*10^-34;//in Js\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m s^-1\n",
+"lamda_c=0.85*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"Eg=((h*c)/lamda_c)/1.6*10^19;\n",
+"disp(Eg,'Maximum possible band gap energy,Eg(eV) = ')\n",
+"disp('part (c)')\n",
+"e=1;// electron\n",
+"p=2;// photon\n",
+"eta=(e/p);\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"h=6.626*10^-34;//in Js\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m s^-1\n",
+"lamda_c=0.85*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"Eg=((h*c)/lamda_c);\n",
+"P_in=10*10^-6;// in W\n",
+"Ip=((eta*e*P_in)/Eg)*10^6;\n",
+"disp(Ip,'The mean output,Ip(micro A) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3: quantum_efficiency_and_responsivity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 8.3: The quantum efficiency and The responsivity of the diode\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"e=2*10^10;// in s^-1\n",
+"p=5*10^10;// in s^-1\n",
+"eta=e/p;\n",
+"disp(eta,'The quantum efficiency  = ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"e=2*10^10;// in s^-1\n",
+"p=5*10^10;// in s^-1\n",
+"eta=e/p;\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"h=6.626*10^-34;//in Js\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m s^-1\n",
+"lamda=0.90*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"R=(eta*e*lamda)/(h*c);\n",
+"disp(R,'The responsivity of the diode,R(AW^-1) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4: multiplication_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 8.4: The multiplication\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"eta=40/100;//\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"h=6.626*10^-34;//in Js\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m s^-1\n",
+"lamda=1.3*10^-6;// in m\n",
+"P_in=0.3*10^-6;// in W\n",
+"I=6*10^-6;// in A\n",
+"M=(I*h*c)/(P_in*eta*e*lamda);\n",
+"disp(M,'The multiplication factor,M = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.5: incident_rate_of_photon.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 8.5: Photon rate\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',9)\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"M=800;\n",
+"eta=90/100;// quantum efficiency\n",
+"I=2*10^-9;// in A\n",
+"P_rate=I/(e*eta*M);\n",
+"disp(P_rate,'Photon incident rate(s^-1) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.6: gain_and_photocurrent.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 8.6: Gain and The output photocurrent\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"tf=6*10^-12;// in s\n",
+"del_f=450*10^6;// in Hz\n",
+"G=1/(2*%pi*tf*del_f);\n",
+"disp(G,'the gain = ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"format('e',10)\n",
+"tf=6*10^-12;// in s\n",
+"del_f=450*10^6;// in Hz\n",
+"G=1/(2*%pi*tf*del_f);\n",
+"eta=75/100;\n",
+"P_in=5*10^-6;// in W\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;// in J\n",
+"lamda=1.3*10^-6;\n",
+"h=6.626*10^-34;//in Js\n",
+"c=3*10^8;// in m s^-1\n",
+"I=(G*eta*P_in*e*lamda)/(h*c);\n",
+"disp(I,'The output photo-current,I(A)')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.7: EX8_7.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 8.7: rms value of shot noise ,dark noise and thermal noise current and S/N ratio\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"n=0.7;//efficiency\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;//charge\n",
+"h=1.3;//in micro meter\n",
+"hc=6.626*10^-34;//plack constant\n",
+"c=3*10^8;//m/s\n",
+"pin=500;//nW\n",
+"Ip=((n*e*h*10^-6*pin*10^-9)/(hc*c));//in amperes\n",
+"df=25;//Mhz\n",
+"f1=1;//\n",
+"is2=(2*e*Ip*df*10^6*f1);//\n",
+"is=sqrt(is2);//in amperes\n",
+"Id=5*10^-9;//amperes\n",
+"id2=(2*e*Id*df*10^6);//\n",
+"id=sqrt(id2);//in amperes\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23;//\n",
+"t=300;//in kelvin\n",
+"rl=1000;//ohms\n",
+"it2=((4*k*t*df*10^6)/rl);//\n",
+"it=sqrt(it2);//in amperes\n",
+"disp(is*10^9,'rms value of shot noise current is,(nA)=')\n",
+"disp(id*10^9,'rms value of dark current is,(nA)=')\n",
+"disp(it*10^9,'rms value of thermal noise current is,(nA)=')\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"n=0.7;//efficiency\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19;//charge\n",
+"h=1.3;//in micro meter\n",
+"hc=6.626*10^-34;//plack constant\n",
+"c=3*10^8;//m/s\n",
+"pin=500;//nW\n",
+"Ip=((n*e*h*10^-6*pin*10^-9)/(hc*c));//in amperes\n",
+"df=25;//Mhz\n",
+"f1=1;//\n",
+"is2=(2*e*Ip*df*10^6*f1);//\n",
+"is=sqrt(is2);//in amperes\n",
+"Id=5*10^-9;//amperes\n",
+"id2=(2*e*Id*df*10^6);//\n",
+"id=sqrt(id2);//in amperes\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23;//\n",
+"t=300;//in kelvin\n",
+"rl=1000;//ohms\n",
+"it2=((4*k*t*df*10^6)/rl);//\n",
+"it=sqrt(it2);//in amperes\n",
+"itt2=is2+id2+it2;//in A^2\n",
+"ip2=Ip^2;//\n",
+"sn=ip2/itt2;//\n",
+"disp(sn,'S/N ratio is')\n",
+"//S/N ratio is calculated wrong in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/9-Optoelectronic_Modulators.ipynb b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/9-Optoelectronic_Modulators.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23a4e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R_P_Khare/9-Optoelectronic_Modulators.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 9: Optoelectronic Modulators"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.1: thickness.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 9.1: The thickness\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"lamda=589.3*10^-9;// in m\n",
+"ne=1.553;\n",
+"no=1.544;\n",
+"x=(lamda/(4*(ne-no)))*10^3;\n",
+"disp(x,'The thickness of the a quarter wave plate,x(mm) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.2: thickness.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 9.2: The thickness\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"lamda=589.3*10^-9;// in m\n",
+"ne=1.486;\n",
+"no=1.658;\n",
+"x=(lamda/(2*(no-ne)))*10^3;\n",
+"disp(x,'The thickness of the a quarter wave plate,x(mm) = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.3: change_in_refrative_index_and_vpi.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 9.3:change in refractive index ,net phase shiftand Vpi\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"v=5;//kV\n",
+"l=1;//cm\n",
+"ez=(v*10^3)/(l*10^-2);//in V/m\n",
+"no=1.51;//\n",
+"r63=10.5*10^-12;//m/V\n",
+"dn=((1/2)*no^3*r63*ez);//\n",
+"h=550;//nm\n",
+"dfi=((2*%pi*dn*l*10^-2)/(h*10^-9));//\n",
+"fi=2*dfi;//\n",
+"vpi=((h*10^-9)/(2*no^3*r63))*10^-3;//kV\n",
+"disp(dfi,'change in refrative index is')\n",
+"disp(fi,'net phase shift is')\n",
+"format('v',4)\n",
+"disp(vpi,'Vpi in kV is')\n",
+"//refractive index and phase shift is in the form of pi in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.4: phase_difference_additional_phase_difference_and_Vpi.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 9.4:phase difference,additional phase difference and Vpi\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"format('v',7)\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"h=550;//nm\n",
+"l=3;//cm\n",
+"no=1.51;//\n",
+"ne=1.47;//\n",
+"dfi=((2*%pi*l*10^-2*(no-ne))/(h*10^-9));//\n",
+"disp(dfi,'phase differnce is')\n",
+"//phase difference is in the form of pi in the textbook\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"no=1.51;//\n",
+"r63=26.4*10^-12;//m/V\n",
+"V=200;//\n",
+"d=0.25;//cm\n",
+"dfi=((%pi*r63*no^3*(V)*(l*10^-2))/(h*10^-9*d*10^-2));//\n",
+"disp(dfi,'additional phase differnce is')\n",
+"//additional phase difference is in the form of pi in the textbook\n",
+"disp('part (c)')\n",
+"r63=26.4*10^-12;//m/V\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"V=200;//\n",
+"d=0.25;//cm\n",
+"dfi=((%pi*r63*no^3*(V)*(l*10^-2))/(h*10^-9*d*10^-2));//\n",
+"vpi=((h*10^-9)/(no^3*r63))*(d/l);//V\n",
+"disp(vpi,'Vpi in V is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.5: angle_and_relative_intensity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Example 9.5: angle and relative intensity\n",
+"clc;\n",
+"clear;\n",
+"close;\n",
+"//given data :\n",
+"disp('part (a)')\n",
+"format('v',5)\n",
+"m=1;\n",
+"l=633*10^-9;// in m\n",
+"f=5*10^6;// in Hz\n",
+"v=1500;//in m/s\n",
+"n=1.33;// for water\n",
+"A=v/f;\n",
+"theta=asind((l/(n*A)));\n",
+"disp(theta,'angle (degree) =  ')\n",
+"disp('part (b)')\n",
+"format('v',6)\n",
+"del_n=10^-5;\n",
+"L=1*10^-2;// in m\n",
+"lamda=633*10^-9;// in m\n",
+"eta=(%pi^2*del_n^2*L^2)/lamda^2;\n",
+"disp(eta,'The relative intensity = ')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}