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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 2: Lasers"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.1: To_calculate_relative_populatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 2 , Example2 1 , pg 52\n",
+"lam=590*10^-9//wavelength(in m)\n",
+"T=250+273  //temperature(in kelvin)   (converting celsius into kelvin)\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23//boltzman constant (in (m^2*Kg)/(s^2*k))\n",
+"h=6.625*10^-34//plancks constant(in Js)\n",
+"c=3*10^8//speed of light\n",
+"N=exp(-(h*c)/(lam*k*T)) //N=(n2/n1)=relative population of atoms in the 1st excited state  and in ground state\n",
+"//n1=number of atoms in ground state\n",
+"//n2=number of atoms in excited state\n",
+"printf('Relative population of Na atoms in the 1st excited state and in ground state\n')\n",
+"disp(N)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.2: To_calculate_ratio_of_stimulated_emission_to_spontaneous_emission.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 2 , Example2 2 , pg 53\n",
+"T=250+273 //temperature(in kelvin)   (converting celsius into kelvin)\n",
+"h=6.625*10^-34//plancks constant(in Js)\n",
+"c=3*10^8//speed of light(in m/s)\n",
+"lam=590*10^-9//wavelength(in m)\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23//boltzman constant (in (m^2*Kg)/(s^2*k))\n",
+"N=1/(exp((h*c)/(lam*k*T))-1)  //N=((n21)'/(n21))   ratio of stimulated  emission to spontaneous  emission\n",
+"printf('Ratio of stimulated  emission to spontaneous  emission is')\n",
+"disp(N)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//answer given is wrong"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.3: calculate_number_of_photons_emitted_per_minute.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 2 , Example2 3 , pg 53\n",
+"lam=632.8*10^-9//wavelength(in m)\n",
+"Em=3.147*10^-3*60//energy emitted per minute(in J/min)\n",
+"c=3*10^8//speed of light(in m/s)\n",
+"h=6.625*10^-34//plancks constant(in Js)\n",
+"n=c/lam  //frequency of emitted photons(in Hz)\n",
+"E=h*n  //energy of each photon(in J)\n",
+"N=Em/E  //number of photons emitted per minute\n",
+"printf('Number of photons emitted per minute')\n",
+"disp(N)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}