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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 1: ultrasonics"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.10: To_find_depth_of_sea.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 10 , pg 24\n",
+"v=1440      //velocity of ultrasonic waves(in m/s)\n",
+"t=0.83      //time lapsed(in sec)\n",
+"d=(v*t)     //distance travelled by sound\n",
+"d1=d/2      //depth of submarine\n",
+"disp (d, ' the velocity of ultrasonic waves ( in m) is ' )\n",
+"disp (d1, ' the depth of submarine ( in m) is ' )\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.11: To_calculate_reverberation_time.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 11 , pg 24\n",
+"aS=1050//total absorption inside hall(in Sabine)\n",
+"//a=average absorption coefficient   ,    S=area of interior surface\n",
+"V=9000//volume of hall(in m^3)\n",
+"T=(0.165*V)/aS//reverberation time\n",
+"printf('Reverberation time of hall\n')\n",
+"printf('T=%.4f sec',T)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.12: To_find_area_of_interior_surface.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 12 , pg 25\n",
+"V=13500//volume(in m^3)\n",
+"T=1.2//reverberation time(in sec)\n",
+"a=0.65//average absorption coefficient(in Sabine/m^2)\n",
+"S=(0.165*V)/(a*T)//area of interior surface\n",
+"printf('Area of interior surface\n')\n",
+"printf('S=%.1f m^2',S)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.13: To_find_reverberation_time.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 13 , pg 25\n",
+"V=15000//volume(in m^3)\n",
+"T1=1.3//initial reverberation time(in sec)\n",
+"aS=(0.165*V)/T1  //total absorption of hall (in Sabine)\n",
+"T2=(0.165*V)/(aS+300)//revrberation time of hall after adding 300 chairs each having absorption of 1 Sabine\n",
+"printf('Reverberation time of hall after adding 300 chairs\n')\n",
+"printf('T2=%.3f sec',T2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.14: To_find_depth_of_submarine.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 14 , pg 26\n",
+"v=1440      //velocity of ultrasonic waves(in m/s)\n",
+"t=0.5      //time lapsed(in sec)\n",
+"d=(v*t)     //distance travelled by ultrasonic waves\n",
+"d1=d/2      //depth of submarine\n",
+"disp (d, ' the velocity of ultrasonic waves ( in m) is ' )\n",
+"disp (d1, ' the depth of submarine ( in m) is ' )\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.15: To_find_frequency_of_waves.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 15 , pg 26\n",
+"lam=2*0.4*10^-3 //distance between 2 antinodes is  lam/2 (in m)\n",
+"n=1.5*10^6 //frequency of crystal(in Hz)\n",
+"v=n*lam //velocity\n",
+"printf('velocity of waves in sea water\n')\n",
+"printf('v=%.1f m/s',v)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.16: To_evaluate_natural_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 16 , pg 26\n",
+"l=40*10^-3//length(in m)\n",
+"E=11.5*10^10//youngs modulus(in N/m^2)\n",
+"d=7250//density(in kg/m^3)\n",
+"p=1//fundamental mode\n",
+"n= p*sqrt(E/d)/(2*l)  //natural frequency\n",
+"printf('Fundamental  frequency of quartz crystal\n')\n",
+"printf('n=%.2f  KHz',n*10^-3)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.1: To_find_depth_of_submerged_submarine.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 1 , pg 20\n",
+"v=1440      //velocity of ultrasonic waves(in m/s)\n",
+"t=0.33      //time lapsed(in sec)\n",
+"d=(v*t)     //distance travelled by ultrasonic waves\n",
+"d1=d/2      //depth of submarine\n",
+"disp (d, ' the velocity of ultrasonic waves ( in m) is ' )\n",
+"disp (d1, ' the depth of submarine ( in m) is ' )\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.2: To_calculate_the_natural_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 2 , pg 21\n",
+"d=7.25*10^3     //density(in kg/m^3)\n",
+"E=115*10^9     //youngs modulus(in N/m^2)\n",
+"l=40*10^-3     //length of rod(in m)\n",
+"n=sqrt(E/d)/(2*l)       //natural frequency of rod\n",
+"disp (n*10^-3, 'the natural frequency of rod (in kHz) is ')\n",
+"printf('yes,the rod can be used for producing  ultrasonic waves because its frequency lies in the ultrasonic  range')\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.3: To_calculate_the_natural_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 3 , pg 21\n",
+"l=10^-3//length(in m)\n",
+"E=7.9*10^10//youngs modulus(in N/m^2)\n",
+"d=2650//density(in kg/m^3)\n",
+"p=1//fundamental mode\n",
+"n= p*sqrt(E/d)/(2*l)  //natural frequency\n",
+"printf('Fundamental  frequency of quartz crystal\n')\n",
+"printf('n=%.2f Hz',n)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.4: compute_the_velocity_of_waves.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 4 , pg 22\n",
+"lam=2*0.55*10^-3 //distance between 2 antinodes is  lam/2 (in m)\n",
+"n=1.45*10^6 //frequency of crystal(in Hz) (given)            they have taken n=1.5 Hz in calculation\n",
+"v=n*lam //velocity\n",
+"printf('velocity of waves in sea water\n')\n",
+"printf('v=%.1f m/s',v)\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//sum is solved using n=1.5 Hz while the frequency given is n=1.45 Hz "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.5: To_calculate_the_natural_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 5 , pg 22\n",
+"l=50*10^-3//length of rod(in m)\n",
+"d=7250//density(in  kg/m^3)\n",
+"E=11.5*10^10//youngs modulus(in N/m^2)\n",
+"n=sqrt(E/d)/(2*l)//natural frequency\n",
+"printf('Natural frequency of rod\n')\n",
+"printf('n=%.2f KHz',n*10^-3)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.6: To_calculate_the_natural_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 6 , pg 23\n",
+"l=2*10^-3//length(in m)\n",
+"d=2650//density(in kg/m^3)\n",
+"E=7.9*10^10//youngs modulus(in N/m^2)\n",
+"p=1\n",
+"n=(p*sqrt(E/d))/(2*l)//natural frequency\n",
+"printf('frequency of crystal\n')\n",
+"printf('n=%.3f MHz',n*10^-6)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.7: To_calculate_the_natural_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 7 , pg 23\n",
+"l=3*10^-3//length(in m)\n",
+"d=2500//density(in kg/m^3)\n",
+"E=8*10^10//youngs modulus(in N/m^2)\n",
+"p=1\n",
+"n=(p*sqrt(E/d))/(2*l)//natural frequency\n",
+"printf('frequency of ultrasound\n')\n",
+"printf('n=%.3f KHz',n*10^-3)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.8: To_calculate_the_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 8 , pg 23\n",
+"l=1.5*10^-3//length(in m)\n",
+"d=2650//density(in kg/m^3)\n",
+"E=7.9*10^10//youngs modulus(in N/m^2)\n",
+"p=1\n",
+"n=(p*sqrt(E/d))/(2*l)//natural frequency\n",
+"printf('frequency of crystal\n')\n",
+"printf('n=%.3f MHz',n*10^-6)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.9: To_find_depth_of_sea.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// chapter 1 , Example1 9 , pg 24\n",
+"v=1440      //velocity of ultrasonic waves(in m/s)\n",
+"t=0.95      //time lapsed(in sec)\n",
+"d=(v*t)     //distance travelled by ultrasonic waves\n",
+"d1=d/2      //depth of sea\n",
+"disp (d1, ' the depth of sea ( in m) is ' )\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}