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diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/1-Common_Electronic_Materials_and_Properties.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/1-Common_Electronic_Materials_and_Properties.ipynb
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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 1: Common Electronic Materials and Properties"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.10: Force_on_Electorn.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"B = 2*10^-6 //magnetic flux density\n",
+"V = 4*10^6  //electron velocity\n",
+"e= 1.6*10^-19//elcetron charge\n",
+"disp('B ='+string(B)+'ax wb/m.sq')\n",
+"disp('V ='+string(V)+'az m/s')\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+ 'C')\n",
+"disp('F = e[VxB] ='+string(e*V*B)+'ay N')//force"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.11: Force_on_Electron_due_to_field.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Hx = 1*10^-3  //magnetic field in x-axis\n",
+"Hy = 2*10^-3  //magnetic field in y-axis\n",
+"V = (4*10^6)  //electron velocity\n",
+"micro_not=(4*%pi*(10^-7)) //permitivity in vaccum\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19  //charge of electorn\n",
+"disp('H = '+string(Hx)+'ax  + '+string(Hy)+'ay A/m')\n",
+"disp('V = '+string(V)+'ay m/s')\n",
+"Bx = micro_not*Hx; By = micro_not*Hy //magnetic flux density\n",
+"disp('B = micro_not*H = '+string(Bx)+'ax + '+string(By)+'ay wb/m.sq')\n",
+"disp('F = e[VxB] = '+string(e*V*Bx)+'az N') //force on electron due to field\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : there is a misprint in the textbook for the above problem"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.12: Donor_atom_concentration.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.12\n",
+"clc\n",
+"n = 5*10^22//number of atoms in silicon/cm_cube\n",
+"donors = 10^-7 //donor atoms\n",
+"disp('n = '+string(n)+' /cm.cube')\n",
+"disp('donors = '+string(donors))\n",
+"disp('ND = '+string(n*donors)+' /cm.cube') //donor atom concentration\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.13: Free_electron_concentration.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.13\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ND =5*10^16//donor atom concentration\n",
+"disp('n = '+string(ND)+'/cm.cube') //free electrons"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.14: Hole_concentration.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.14\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ni = 1.5*10^10 //intrinsic concentration\n",
+"ND = 5*10^16 //donor atom concentration\n",
+"disp('ni ='+string(ni)+'/cm.cube')\n",
+"disp('ND = '+string(ND)+' /cm.cube')\n",
+"disp('p = (ni^2)/ND = '+string((ni^2)/ND)+'atom/cm.cube') //hole concentration"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.15: Resistivity_of_Intrinsic_semiconductor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.15\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ni = 1.52*10^10 //intrinsic concentration\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of electron\n",
+"micro_n = 1350; micro_p = 480 // charge mobility\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')\n",
+"disp('ni = pi ='+string(ni)+'/cm.cube')\n",
+"disp('micro_n = '+string(micro_n)+'cm.sq/V-s')\n",
+"disp('micro_p = '+string(micro_p)+'cm.sq/V-s')\n",
+"disp('sigma = e(micro_n*ni + micro_p*pi ) ='+string(e*(micro_n*ni + micro_p*ni))+'mho/cm') //conductivity\n",
+"disp('rho = 1/sigma ='+string(1/(e*(micro_n*ni + micro_p*ni)))+'ohm-cm') //resistivity"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.16: Mobility_and_conductivity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.16\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ni = 2.5*(10^13) //intrinsic concentration\n",
+"donor = 10^-7 //donor atoms\n",
+"ND = 4.41*(10^22)*(10^-7) //donor atom concentration\n",
+"e = 1.6*(10^-19) //electron charge\n",
+"micro_n = 3800; micro_p = 1800 //charge mobility\n",
+"disp('ni ='+string(ni)+' /cm.cube')\n",
+"disp('donor = '+string(donor))\n",
+"disp('n = ND ='+string(ND)+' /cm.cube')\n",
+"disp('p = (ni^2)/ND = '+string((ni^2)/ND)+' /cm.cube') //hole concentration\n",
+"disp('micro_n = 3800 cm.sq/V-s; micro_p = 1800 cm.sq/V-s')\n",
+"sigma = ni*e*(micro_n+micro_p) //conductivity\n",
+"disp('sigma = ni*e(micro_n + micro_p) = '+string(sigma)+'mho/cm')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.17: Carrier_concentration.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.17\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ni = 2.5*10^19 //intrinsic concentration\n",
+"NA = 10^21 //acceptor atom concentration\n",
+"disp('ni = '+string(ni)+' /m.cube')\n",
+"disp('NA = '+string(NA)+' /m.cube ')\n",
+"disp('np = (ni^2)/ NA ='+string((ni^2)/NA)+'e/m.cube') //electron concentration\n",
+"//textbook has not calcutated for hole concentration"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.18: Trivalent_Impurity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.18\n",
+"clc\n",
+"micro_p = 1800 //hole mobility\n",
+"rho_p = 1 //resistivity\n",
+"e = 1.6*10^-19 //electorn charge\n",
+"disp('micro_p ='+string(micro_p)+' cm.sq/V-s')\n",
+"disp('rho_p = '+string(rho_p)+'ohm-cm')\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')\n",
+"disp('pp = 1/(e*micro_p*rho_p) = '+string(1/(e*micro_p*rho_p))+' holes/cm.cube') //number of trivalent impurity"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.19: Pentavalent_Impurity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.19\n",
+"clc\n",
+"micro_n = 1300 //eletron mobility\n",
+"rho_n = 2 //resistivity\n",
+"e = 1.6*10^-19 //electron charge\n",
+"disp('micro_n ='+string(micro_n)+' cm.sq/V-s')\n",
+"disp('rho_n = '+string(rho_n)+'ohm-cm')\n",
+"disp('e'+string(e)+'C')\n",
+"disp('nn = 1/(e*micro_n*rho_n) = '+string(1/(e*micro_n*rho_n))+' e/cm.cube') //number of pentavalent impurity\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.1: Fusing_current.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('I = K(d^1.5)') //formula used for fusing current\n",
+"d=0.0031\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing values of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.20: carrier_concentration_and_conductivity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.20\n",
+"clc\n",
+"EGo = 1.1 //energy band gap\n",
+"micro_n = 0.13 //electron mobility\n",
+"micro_p = 0.05 //hole mobility\n",
+"N = 3*10^25 //atom concentration\n",
+"K = 1.38*10^-23 //Boltzmann constant\n",
+"T = 300 //room temperature\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19//electron charge\n",
+"disp('EGo = '+string(EGo)+'eV = '+string(EGo*e)+'J')\n",
+"disp('micro_n = '+string(micro_n)+' m.sq/V-s')\n",
+"disp('micro_p = '+string(micro_p)+'m.sq/V-s')\n",
+"disp('N = '+string(N)+' /m.cube')\n",
+"disp('T = '+string(T)+'degree_K')\n",
+"disp('K = '+string(K)+'J/K')\n",
+"disp('ni = N*exp(-(EGo/(2*T*K))) = '+string(N*exp(-(EGo*e/(2*T*K))))+' /m.cube') //intrinsic concentration\n",
+"ni = N*exp(-(EGo*e/(2*T*K)))\n",
+"disp('sigma = ni*e(micro_n+micro_p) = '+string(ni*e*(micro_n+micro_p))+'mho/m') //conductivity"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.21: Volt_Equivalent_Temperature.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.21\n",
+"clc\n",
+"K = 1.38*10^-23 //Boltzmann constant\n",
+"e = 1.6*10^-19 //electron charge\n",
+"T = 300 //room temperature\n",
+"disp('K = '+string(K)+' J/K')\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')\n",
+"disp('T = '+string(T)+'degree_K')\n",
+"disp('VT = K*T/e = '+string(K*T/e)+'V') //volt-equivalent temperature"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.2: Fusing_current.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('fusing current, I = K(d^1.5) Amp.')//formula used for fusing current\n",
+"d=0.0201\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing value of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : calculation for fusing current of Iron is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.3: Fusing_Current.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('fusing current, I = K(d^1.5) Amp.') //formula used for fusing current\n",
+"disp('(a)') \n",
+"d=0.0159\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing value of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('(b)')\n",
+"d=0.0063\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing value of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('(c)')\n",
+"d=0.0403\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing value of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('(d)')\n",
+"d=0.0452\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing value of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('(e)')\n",
+"d=0.0508\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing value of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('(f)')\n",
+"d=0.162\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'inches') //initializing value of diameter\n",
+"I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current\n",
+"disp('for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = '+string(I1)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = '+string(I2)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = '+string(I3)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = '+string(I4)+'Amp.')\n",
+"disp('for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = '+string(I5)+'Amp.')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : in part (e) ... calculation for fusing current of silver is wrong.\n",
+"// note : in part (f) ... calculation for fusing current of Iron is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.4: Resistance_of_wire.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"A=0.5189*10^-6//wire cross sectional area\n",
+"rho=1.725*10^-8//resistivity\n",
+"l=100 //wire length\n",
+"disp('A ='+string(A)+'merer square') \n",
+"disp('rho ='+string(rho)+'ohm-m')\n",
+"disp('l ='+string(l)+'m')\n",
+"disp('R = rho*l/A = '+string(rho*l/A)+'ohm') //resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.5: Resistance_of_Copper_Wire.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"A=0.2588*10^-6//wire cross-sectional area\n",
+"rho=1.725*10^-8//resistivity\n",
+"l=100 //wire length\n",
+"disp('A ='+string(A)+'merer square')\n",
+"disp('rho ='+string(rho)+'ohm-m')\n",
+"disp('l ='+string(l)+'m')\n",
+"disp('R = rho*l/A = '+string(rho*l/A)+'ohm') //resistance of wire"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.6: Resistance_of_Tungsten_Wire.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"R1 = 14//resistance at temperature T1 \n",
+"alpha=0.005\n",
+"T1=20;//initial temperature\n",
+"T2=120 //final temperature\n",
+"disp('R1 = '+string(R1)+ 'ohm; alpha = '+string(alpha)+'; T1 = '+string(T1)+'degreeC; T2 = '+string(T2)+'degreeC')\n",
+"disp('R2 = R1(1+(alpha*(T1-T2))) = '+string(R1*(1+(alpha*(T2-T1))))+'ohm') //resistance at temperature T2"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.7: Force_on_Electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//EX1.7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Ex=3;Ey=4;Ez=2//electric field\n",
+"e=1.6*10^-19 //electorn charge\n",
+"disp('E = 3ax + 4ay + 2az k V/m')\n",
+"disp('e = 1.6*10^-19 C')\n",
+"disp('F=eE = '+string(Ex*e*1000)+'ax + '+string(Ey*e*1000)+'ay + '+string(Ez*e*1000)+'az N') //force"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.8: Electric_Field_applied_on_Electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"F=0.1*10^-12//force applied\n",
+"e = 1.6*10^-19//electron charge\n",
+"disp('F= '+string(F)+'N ; e = '+string(e)+'C')\n",
+"disp('E = F/e ='+string(F/e)+'V/m')//electric field"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.9: Charge_in_Region.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex1.9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"F = 3*(10^-12) //force applied\n",
+"E = 5*(10^-6)  //electric field\n",
+"disp('F = '+string(F)+'N')\n",
+"disp('E = '+string(E)+'V/m')\n",
+"disp('Q= F/E = '+string(F/E)+'C') //chage\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/10-Feedback_Amplifier.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/10-Feedback_Amplifier.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eb3243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/10-Feedback_Amplifier.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 10: Feedback Amplifier"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.10: Voltage_and_input_and_output_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//parameters of emitter follower circuit:\n",
+"hie = 1.1*10^3//input resistance\n",
+"hfe = 80//current gain\n",
+"hoe = 2*10^-5//output conductance\n",
+"Re = 2.2*10^3//emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('hie = '+string(hie)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('hfe = '+string(hfe))\n",
+"disp('hoe = '+string(hoe)+'mho')\n",
+"disp('Re = '+string(Re)+'ohm')\n",
+"gm = hfe/hie\n",
+"Rif = hie*(1+gm*Re)//input resistance with feedback\n",
+"disp('Rif = hie*(1+gm*Re) = '+string(Rif)+'ohm')\n",
+"Rof = hie/(1+hfe)//output resistance with feedback\n",
+"disp('Rof = hie/(1+hfe) = '+string(Rof)+'ohm')\n",
+"Avf = gm*Re/(1+gm*Re)//voltage gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('Avf = gm*Re/(1+gm*Re) = '+string(Avf))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.1: Close_loop_gai.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av = 80//voltage gain\n",
+"beta = 0.001//feedback ratio\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))\n",
+"Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av)//gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av) = '+string(Avf))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.2: Close_loop_gain_and_bandwidth.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av = 50//voltage gain\n",
+"beta = 0.01//feedback ratio\n",
+"BW = 100*10^3//bandwidth\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))\n",
+"disp('Bandwidth = '+string(BW)+'Hz')\n",
+"Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av)//gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av) = '+string(Avf))\n",
+"BWf = BW*(1+beta*Av)//bandwidth with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('(B.W)f = '+string(BWf)+'Hz')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : using variable 'BW' instad of 'B.W' ... as, if using B.W the software takes it as a function.\n",
+"// similarly using 'BWf' instead of (B.W)f."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.3: Feedback_with_reduced_distortio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av = 200// voltage gain\n",
+"D = 0.05// harmonic distortion in amplifier\n",
+"Df = 0.02//final reduced distortion\n",
+"beta = (D/Df-1)/Av//feedback gain\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))\n",
+"disp('D = '+string(D))\n",
+"disp('Df = '+string(Df))\n",
+"disp('beta = (D/Df - 1)/Av = '+string(beta))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta*100)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.4: Change_in_close_loop_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av1 = 100//initial voltage gain\n",
+"beta = 0.001//feedback ratio\n",
+"disp('Av1 = '+string(Av1))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))\n",
+"Af1 = Av1/(1+beta*Av1)//initial gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('Af1 = Av1/(1+beta*Av1) = '+string(Af1))\n",
+"\n",
+"Av2 = 150//final voltage gain\n",
+"beta = 0.001//feedback ratio\n",
+"disp('Av2 = '+string(Av2))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))\n",
+"Af2 = Av2/(1+beta*Av2)//final gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('Af2 = Av2/(1+beta*Av2) = '+string(Af2))\n",
+"\n",
+"change_in_gain = Af2 - Af1//required change in gain\n",
+"disp('change in gain required = Af2 - Af1 = '+string(change_in_gain))\n",
+"delta_Avf = change_in_gain/Af1\n",
+"disp('delta_Avf = Af2-Af1/Af1 = '+string(delta_Avf)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.5: Open_loop_gain_and_feedback_ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av = 40//voltage gain in decibles\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av)+'dB')\n",
+"Av = 10^(Av/20)//voltage gain in V/V\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))\n",
+"Avf = 20//voltage gain with negative feedback in decibles\n",
+"disp('Avf = '+string(Avf)+'dB')\n",
+"Avf = 10^(Avf/20)//voltage gain with negative feedback in V/V\n",
+"disp('Avf = '+string(Avf))\n",
+"beta = ((Av/Avf)-1)/Av//feedback ratio\n",
+"disp('beta = (Av/Avf - 1)/Av = '+string(beta))\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note: solution in the textbook for the above problem is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.6: Close_loop_and_bandwidth.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av = 100//voltage gain\n",
+"beta = 0.05//feedback ratio\n",
+"BW = 400*10^3 //bandwidth\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))\n",
+"disp('B.W. = '+string(BW)+'Hz')\n",
+"Af = Av/(1+beta*Av)//gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('Af = Av/(1+beta*Av) = '+string(Af))\n",
+"BWf = BW*(1+beta*Av)//bandwidth with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('(B.W)f = '+string(BWf)+'Hz')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : using variable 'BW' instad of 'B.W' ... as, if using B.W the software takes it as a function.\n",
+"// similarly using 'BWf' instead of (B.W)f."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.7: Voltage_gain_and_feedback_ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Po = 100//output power\n",
+"RL = 10//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Po = '+string(Po)+'W')\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')\n",
+"vo = (RL*Po)^0.5//output voltage\n",
+"vi = 2//input voltage\n",
+"disp('vo = (Rl*Po)^0.5 = '+string(vo)+'V')\n",
+"disp('vi = '+string(vi)+'V')\n",
+"Av = vo/vi//voltage gain\n",
+"disp('Av = vo/vi = '+string(Av))\n",
+"D = 0.04// harmonic distortion in amplifier\n",
+"Df = 0.0002//distortion after feedback\n",
+"beta = (D/Df-1)/Av//feedback gain\n",
+"disp('D = '+string(D))\n",
+"disp('Df = '+string(Df))\n",
+"disp('beta = (D/Df - 1)/Av = '+string(beta))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.8: Feedback_ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"BW = 500*10^3//bandwidth\n",
+"A = 200//gain of amplifier\n",
+"BWf = 2*10^6//bandwidth with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('B.W = '+string(BW)+'HZ')\n",
+"disp('A = '+string(A))\n",
+"disp('(B.W)f = '+string(BWf)+'Hz')\n",
+"beta = ((BWf/BW)-1)/A//feedback ratio\n",
+"disp('beta = ((B.W)f/B.W - 1)/A = '+string(beta))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta*100)+'%')\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : using variable 'BW' instad of 'B.W' ... as, if using B.W the software takes it as a function.\n",
+"// similarly using 'BWf' instead of (B.W)f."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.9: Gain_and_3dB_frequency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex10_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"A = 150//gain of amplifier\n",
+"beta = 0.05//feedback ratio\n",
+"disp('A = '+string(A))\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))\n",
+"Af = A/(1+beta*A)//gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('Af = A/(1+beta*A) = '+string(Af))\n",
+"fL = 20*10^3//lower 3dB frequency\n",
+"fU = 160*10^3//upper 3dB frequency\n",
+"disp('fL = '+string(fL)+'Hz')\n",
+"disp('fU = '+string(fU)+'Hz')\n",
+"fLf = fL/(1+beta*A)//lower 3dB gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('fLf = fL/(1+beta*A) = '+string(fLf)+'Hz')\n",
+"fUf = fU*(1+beta*A)//upper 3dB gain with negative feedback\n",
+"disp('fUf = fU*(1+beta*A) = '+string(fUf)+'Hz')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/11-Power_Amplifiers.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/11-Power_Amplifiers.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87f0cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/11-Power_Amplifiers.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 11: Power Amplifiers"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.10: Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 18//collector voltage\n",
+"Vp = 15//output peak voltage\n",
+"RL = 12//load resistnce\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')\n",
+"Ip = Vp/RL//output peak current\n",
+"Idc = (2/%pi)*Ip//input direct current\n",
+"disp('Ip = Vp/RL = '+string(Ip)+'A')\n",
+"disp('Idc = (2/%pi)*Ip = '+string(Idc)+'A')\n",
+"Pi_dc = VCC*Idc//input power\n",
+"disp('Pi_dc = VCC*Idc = '+string(Pi_dc)+'W')\n",
+"Po_ac = (Vp^2)/(2*RL)//output power\n",
+"disp('Po_ac = (Vp^2)/(2*RL) = '+string(Po_ac)+'W')\n",
+"eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency\n",
+"disp('eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = '+string(eta*100)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.11: Voltage_Gai.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vop_p = 7//peak to peap output voltage\n",
+"Vip_p = 100*10^-3//peak to peap input voltage\n",
+"Av = Vop_p/Vip_p\n",
+"disp('Av = output voltage/input voltage')\n",
+"disp('   = '+string(Av))//voltage gain"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.12: Power_Gai.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_12\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Ai = 50//current gain\n",
+"Av = 70//voltage gain\n",
+"disp('Ai = '+string(Ai))\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))\n",
+"Ap = Ai*Av//power gain\n",
+"disp('Ap = Ai*Av = '+string(Ap))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.13: Power_Dissipated_At_Collector_Junction.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_13\n",
+"clc\n",
+"vc = 9//collector voltage\n",
+"ic = 3*10^-3//collector current\n",
+"Pd = vc*ic//power dissipated at collector junction\n",
+"disp('vc = '+string(vc)+'V')\n",
+"disp('ic = '+string(ic)+'A')\n",
+"disp('Pd = vc*ic = '+string(Pd)+'W')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.14: Power_Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_14\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Pac = 3.2*10^-3//output power\n",
+"Pd = 27*10^-3//power dissipated collector junction\n",
+"P_eta = Pac/Pd//power efficiency\n",
+"disp('Pac = '+string(Pac)+'W')\n",
+"disp('Pd = '+string(Pd)+'W')\n",
+"disp('P_eta = Pac/Pd = '+string(P_eta*100)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.1: Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 20//collector voltage\n",
+"RL = 12//load resistance\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')\n",
+"Pi_dc = (VCC^2)/(2*RL)//input power\n",
+"disp('Pi(dc) = (VCC^2)/(2*RL) = '+string(Pi_dc)+'W')\n",
+"Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(8*RL)//output power\n",
+"disp('Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(8*RL) = '+string(Po_ac)+'W')\n",
+"eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency\n",
+"disp('eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = '+string(eta*100)+'%')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : has modifed variables:\n",
+"//        using Po_ac instead of Po(ac)\n",
+"//        and   Pi_dc instead of Pi(dc).\n",
+"\n",
+"// note: there is a misprinting in the above problem given in the textbook \n",
+"//       author want to ask for efficiency instead of frequency."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.2: Power_Losses.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Po_ac = 64//output power\n",
+"eta = 0.3//efficiency\n",
+"Pi_dc = Po_ac/eta//input power\n",
+"disp('Po_ac = '+string(Po_ac)+'W')\n",
+"disp('eta = '+string(eta))\n",
+"disp('Pi_dc = Po_ac/eta = '+string(Pi_dc)+'W')\n",
+"power_losses = Pi_dc - Po_ac//power losses\n",
+"disp('Power losses = Pi_dc - Po_ac = '+string(power_losses)+'W')\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : has modifed variables:\n",
+"//        using Po_ac instead of Po(ac)\n",
+"//        and   Pi_dc instead of Pi(dc)."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.3: Second_Harmonic_Distortion.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCEmax = 18// highest value for collector emitter voltage\n",
+"VCEmin = 2// lowest value for collector emitter voltage\n",
+"VQ = 9//operating point voltage\n",
+"disp('VCEmin = '+string(VCEmin)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VCEmax = '+string(VCEmax)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VQ = '+string(VQ)+'V')\n",
+"D2 = [(1/2)*(VCEmax + VCEmin) - VQ]/(VCEmax - VCEmin)*100//second harmonic distortion\n",
+"disp('D2 = [(1/2)*(VCEmax + VCEmin) - VQ]/(VCEmax - VCEmin)*100')\n",
+"disp('   ='+string(D2)+'%')\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : for above problem there is a misprint for the formula given in solution in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.4: Total_Harmonic_Distortion.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//according to the given eqution for output current, we have:\n",
+"I1 = 5.0\n",
+"I2 = 0.9\n",
+"I3 = 0.6\n",
+"I4 = 0.3\n",
+"I5 = 0.01\n",
+"D2 = I2/I1// second harmonic distortion\n",
+"D3 = I3/I1//third harmonic distortion\n",
+"D4 = I4/I1//fourth harmonic distortion\n",
+"D5 = I5/I1//fifth harmonic distortion\n",
+"disp('I1 = '+string(I1)+'A')\n",
+"disp('I2 = '+string(I2)+'A')\n",
+"disp('I3 = '+string(I3)+'A')\n",
+"disp('I4 = '+string(I4)+'A')\n",
+"disp('I5 = '+string(I5)+'A')\n",
+"disp('D2 = I2/I1 = '+string(D2))\n",
+"disp('D3 = I3/I1 = '+string(D3))\n",
+"disp('D4 = I4/I1 = '+string(D4))\n",
+"disp('D5 = I5/I1 = '+string(D5))\n",
+"D = [(D2^2)+(D3^2)+(D4^2)+(D5^2)]^(1/2)//total harmonic distortion\n",
+"disp('D = [(D2^2)+(D3^2)+(D4^2)+(D5^2)]^(1/2) = '+string(D*100)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.5: Amplifier_Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 9//collector voltage\n",
+"Vp = 5//output peak voltage\n",
+"VQ = VCC//operating point\n",
+"VCEmax = VQ + Vp// maximum value of collector emitter voltage\n",
+"VCEmin = VQ - Vp// minimum value of collector emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VQ = VCC = '+string(VQ)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VCEmax = VQ + Vp = '+string(VCEmax)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VCEmin = VQ - Vp = '+string(VCEmin)+'V')\n",
+"eta = 50*[(VCEmax - VCEmin)/(VCEmax + VCEmin)]//amplifier efficiency\n",
+"disp('eta = 50*[(VCEmax - VCEmin)/(VCEmax + VCEmin)] = '+string(eta)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.6: Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 20//collector voltage\n",
+"RL = 10//load resistance\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')\n",
+"Pi_dc = (VCC^2)/(RL)//input power\n",
+"disp('Pi(dc) = (VCC^2)/(RL) = '+string(Pi_dc)+'W')\n",
+"Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(2*RL)//output power\n",
+"disp('Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(2*RL) = '+string(Po_ac)+'W')\n",
+"eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency\n",
+"disp('eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = '+string(eta*100)+'%')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : has modifed variables:\n",
+"//        using Po_ac instead of Po(ac)\n",
+"//        and   Pi_dc instead of Pi(dc).\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.7: Turns_Ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RL = 3.6*10^3//output impedence of power amplifier\n",
+"RL_dash = 4//resistance of speaker\n",
+"n = (RL/RL_dash)^.5//turns ratio\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm') \n",
+"disp('RL_dash = '+string(RL_dash)+'ohm') \n",
+"disp('n = RL/RL_dash = '+string(n)) \n",
+"disp('turn ratio = '+string((numer(n)))+': '+string(denom(n)))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.8: Amplifier_Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 15//collector voltage\n",
+"Vp = 12//output peak voltage\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')\n",
+"eta = 78.5*(Vp/VCC)//amplifier efficiency\n",
+"disp('eta = 78.5*(Vp/VCC) = '+string(eta)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.9: Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex11_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 25//collector voltage\n",
+"Vi = 9//inout rms voltage\n",
+"RL = 10//load resistnce\n",
+"Vi_peak = 1.414*Vi//input peak voltage\n",
+"Vo = Vi_peak//output peak voltage\n",
+"Po_ac = (Vo^2)/(2*RL)//output power\n",
+"Io = Vo/RL//output current\n",
+"IC = (2/%pi)*Io//collector current\n",
+"Pi_dc = VCC*IC//input power\n",
+"eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')\n",
+"disp('Vi = '+string(Vi)+'V')\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('Vi_peak = (2^2)Vi = '+string(Vi_peak)+'V')\n",
+"disp('Vo = Vi_peak = '+string(Vo)+'V')\n",
+"disp('Po_ac = (Vo^2)/(2*RL) = '+string(Po_ac)+'W')\n",
+"disp('Io = Vo/RL = '+string(Io)+'A')\n",
+"disp('IC = (2/%pi)*Io = '+string(IC)+'A')\n",
+"disp('Pi_dc = VCC*IC = '+string(Pi_dc)+'W')\n",
+"disp('eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = '+string(eta*100)+'%')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/13-Oscillators.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/13-Oscillators.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f45558f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/13-Oscillators.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 13: Oscillators"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.1: Feedback_fraction_to_obtain_sustained_oscillator.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex13_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"A = 100//amplification gain\n",
+"A_Beta = 1//for sustain oscillation \n",
+"Beta = A_Beta/A//feeback ratio\n",
+"disp('A = '+string(A))\n",
+"disp('A_Beta = '+string(A_Beta))\n",
+"disp('Beta = '+string(Beta))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.2: Frequency_of_RC_phase_oscillator.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex13_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Rf = 0.5*10^6//feeback resistance\n",
+"Cf = 100*10^-12//capacitance across feedback\n",
+"Rc = 0.5*10^6//critical resistance\n",
+"f0 = 1/[2*%pi*Rf*Cf*(6+4*(Rc/Rf))^(1/2)]//frequency of oscillation\n",
+"disp('Rf = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('Cf = '+string(Cf)+'F')\n",
+"disp('Rc = '+string(Rc)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('f0 = 1/[2*pi*Rf*Cf*(6+4*(Rc/Rf))^(1/2)] = '+string(f0)+'Hz')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.3: Frequency_of_Wein_Bridge_oscillator.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex13_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Rf = 1.5*10^6//feeback resistance\n",
+"Cf = 1*10^-9//capacitance across feedback\n",
+"f0 = 1/(2*%pi*Rf*Cf)//frequency of oscillation\n",
+"disp('Rf = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('Cf = '+string(Cf)+'F')\n",
+"disp('f0 = 1/(2*pi*Rf*Cf) = '+string(f0)+'Hz')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.4: Feedback_fractor_and_frequency_of_Colpitts_oscillator.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex13_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C1 = 1*10^-9//capacitance of capacitor 1\n",
+"C2 = 10*10^-9//capacitance of capacitor 2\n",
+"L = 110*10^-6//inductance of inductor\n",
+"beta = C1/C2//feedback factor\n",
+"f0 = ((C1+C2)/(C1*C2*L))^.5/(2*%pi)//operating frequency\n",
+"disp('C1 = '+string(C1)+'F')\n",
+"disp('C2 = '+string(C2)+'F')\n",
+"disp('L = '+string(L)+'H')\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))\n",
+"disp('f0 = ((C1+C2)/(C1*C2*L))^.5/(2*pi) = '+string(f0)+'Hz')\n",
+"\n",
+"//note : unit given for inductance 'L' is wrong in the textook for the above question."
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/14-Operational_Amplifier_and_Applications.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/14-Operational_Amplifier_and_Applications.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe74194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/14-Operational_Amplifier_and_Applications.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 14: Operational Amplifier and Applications"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.1: Common_Mode_Rejection_Ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex14_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Ad = 100//differential gain\n",
+"Ac = 0.01//common mode gain\n",
+"CMRR = Ad/Ac//Common Mode Rejection Ratio\n",
+"CMRR_dB = 20*log10(CMRR)//Common Mode Rejection Ratio in decibles\n",
+"disp('Ad = '+string(Ad))\n",
+"disp('Ac = '+string(Ac))\n",
+"disp('CMRR = Ad/Ac = '+string(CMRR))\n",
+"disp('CMRR = '+string(CMRR_dB)+'dB')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.2: Common_Mode_Rejection_Ratio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex14_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"CMRR_dB = 100//Common Mode Rejection Ratio in decibles\n",
+"CMRR = 10^(100/20)//CMRR as a ratio\n",
+"disp('CMRR = '+string(CMRR_dB)+'dB')\n",
+"disp('CMRR = 10^(100/20) = '+string(CMRR))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.3: Output_Voltage_Of_Op_amp_Adder_Circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex14_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Rf = 10*10^3//feedback resistance\n",
+"R1 = 10*10^3//resistance 1\n",
+"R2 = 2*10^3//resistance 2\n",
+"v1 = 10//input voltage across resistance 1\n",
+"v2 = 4//input voltage across resistance 2\n",
+"//note: according to the given fig. in the textbook for the question we have:\n",
+"\n",
+"vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2))//output voltage of adder circuit\n",
+"disp('Rf = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('R1 = '+string(R1)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('R2 = '+string(R2)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('v1 = '+string(v1)+'V')\n",
+"disp('v2 = '+string(v2)+'V')\n",
+"disp('vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2)) = '+string(vo)+'V')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.4: Output_Voltage_Of_Op_amp_Adder_Circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex14_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Rf = 1*10^3//feedback resistance\n",
+"R1 = 1*10^3//resistance 1\n",
+"R2 = 1*10^3//resistance 2\n",
+"R3 = 1*10^3//resistance 3\n",
+"v1 = 2//input voltage 1\n",
+"v2 = 1//input voltage 2\n",
+"v3 = 3//input voltage 3\n",
+"vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2)+(v3/R3))//output voltage of adder circuit\n",
+"disp('Rf = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('R1 = '+string(R1)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('R2 = '+string(R2)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('R3 = '+string(R3)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('v1 = '+string(v1)+'V')\n",
+"disp('v2 = '+string(v2)+'V')\n",
+"disp('v3 = '+string(v3)+'V')\n",
+"disp('vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2)+(v3/R3)) = '+string(vo)+'V')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.7: Designing_a_close_loop_op_amp.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex14_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Af = -20//closed loop gain of op-amp\n",
+"R = 10*10^3//output resistance\n",
+"Rf = -Af*R//feedback resistance\n",
+"disp('Af = '+string(Af))\n",
+"disp('R = '+string(R)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('Rf = -Af/R = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/2-Passive_Component_and_DC_Sources_and_Circuit_Theorems_and_Basic_Meters.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/2-Passive_Component_and_DC_Sources_and_Circuit_Theorems_and_Basic_Meters.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..607a4fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/2-Passive_Component_and_DC_Sources_and_Circuit_Theorems_and_Basic_Meters.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,642 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 2: Passive Component and DC Sources and Circuit Theorems and Basic Meters"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.10: Energy_Stored_in_Capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C = 10*10^-6\n",
+"V = 100\n",
+"W = C*(V^2)/2\n",
+"disp('C = '+string(C)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('V = '+string(V)+'V')//voltage\n",
+"disp('W = C*(V^2)/2 = '+string(W)+'Joules')//calculating for energy stored"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.11: Instantanous_Current_in_capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C = 10*10^-6\n",
+"delta_V = 100\n",
+"delta_t = 10\n",
+"ic = C*delta_V/delta_t\n",
+"disp('C = '+string(C)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('delta_V = '+string(delta_V)+'V')//change in voltage\n",
+"disp('delta_t = '+string(delta_t)+'sec')//change in time\n",
+"disp('ic = C*(delta delta_V/delta_t) = '+string(ic)+'A')//calculation for instantaneous current"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.12: Rate_of_Current.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_12\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Ii = 10\n",
+"If = 15\n",
+"delta_t = 2\n",
+"dI = Ii - If\n",
+"disp('Ii = '+string(Ii)+'A')//initial current\n",
+"disp('If = '+string(If)+'A')//final current\n",
+"disp('delta_t = '+string(delta_t)+'sec')//time taken to change current\n",
+"disp('dI/dt = '+string(abs(dI)/delta_t)+'Amp/sec.')//calculation for rate of change of current\n",
+"//wronge answer given in the textbook i.e. 0.5 Amp/sec."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.13: Inductance_Value.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_13\n",
+"clc\n",
+"r = 5.0//rate of current change\n",
+"vL = 50//induced voltage\n",
+"L = vL/(r)\n",
+"disp('diL/dt = '+string(r)+'A/s')//rate of current change \n",
+"disp('vL = '+string(vL)+'V')\n",
+"disp('vL = L*(diL/dt)') \n",
+"disp('L = vL/(diL/dt) = '+string(L)+' Henry')//calculation for inductane"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.14: Energy_in_Inductor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_14\n",
+"clc\n",
+"I = 5\n",
+"L = 5\n",
+"WL = L*(I^2)/2\n",
+"disp('I = '+string(I)+'A')//current flow\n",
+"disp('L = '+string(L)+'H')//inductance\n",
+"disp('WL= '+string(WL)+'joules')//energy stored"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.15: Coupling_Coefficient.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_15\n",
+"clc\n",
+"flux1 = 100*10^-6\n",
+"flux2 = 50*10^-6\n",
+"flux12 = flux1 - flux2\n",
+"disp('flux1 = '+string(flux1)+'Wb')//flux of coil 1\n",
+"disp('flux2 = '+string(flux2)+'Wb')//flux of coil 2\n",
+"disp('K = flux linkage between coil 1 and coil 2/flux of coil 1')//coefficient of coupling\n",
+"disp('  = '+string(flux12/flux1))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.16: Mutual_Inductance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_16\n",
+"clc\n",
+"L1 = 100*10^-3\n",
+"L2 = 50*10^-3\n",
+"K = 0.3\n",
+"M = K*(L1*L2)^0.5\n",
+"disp('L1 = '+string(L1)+'H')//inductance of coil 1\n",
+"disp('L2 = '+string(L2)+'H')//inductance of coil 2\n",
+"disp('K = '+string(K))//coefficient of coupling\n",
+"disp('M = K*(L1*L2)^0.5')\n",
+"disp('M = '+string(M)+'H')//mutual inductance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.17: Series_Inductance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_17\n",
+"clc\n",
+"L1 = 10*10^-3\n",
+"L2 = 15*10^-3\n",
+"LT = L1 + L2\n",
+"disp('L1 = '+string(L1)+'H')//inductance of coil 1\n",
+"disp('L2 = '+string(L2)+'H')//inductance of coil 2\n",
+"disp('LT = L1+L2 = '+string(LT)+'H')//series inductance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.18: Parallel_Inductance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_18\n",
+"clc\n",
+"L1 = 1*10^-3\n",
+"L2 = 5*10^-3\n",
+"LT = (L1*L2)/(L1+L2)\n",
+"disp('L1 = '+string(L1)+'H')//inductance of coil 1\n",
+"disp('L2 = '+string(L2)+'H')//inductance of coil 2\n",
+"disp('1/LT = 1/L1 + 1/L2')\n",
+"disp('LT = (L1*L2)/(L1+L2) = '+string(LT)+'H')//parallel inductance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.19: Source_Resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_19\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VNL = 50\n",
+"VL = 40\n",
+"IL = 4\n",
+"Rs = (VNL - VL)/IL\n",
+"disp('VNL  = '+string(VNL)+'V')//no load voltage\n",
+"disp('VL  = '+string(VL)+'V')//load voltage\n",
+"disp('IL  = '+string(IL)+'A')//load current\n",
+"disp('Rs = (VNL - VL)/IL = '+string(Rs)+'ohm')//source resistane"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.1: Capacitance_of_capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Q = 2*10^-6; V = 10 \n",
+"disp('Q = '+string(Q)+'C')// charge\n",
+"disp('V = '+string(V)+'V') //voltage\n",
+"disp('C = Q/V = '+string(Q/V)+'F')//calculation for capacitance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.20: Series_Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_20\n",
+"clc\n",
+"V = 2.5\n",
+"disp('V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = '+string(V)+'V')//four batteries of equal voltage connected in series\n",
+"disp('VT = V1+V2+V3+V4 = '+string(V+V+V+V)+'V')//resultant voltage(series voltage)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.21: Net_Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_20\n",
+"clc\n",
+"V = 2\n",
+"disp('V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = '+string(V)+'V')//four batteries of equal voltage connected in series\n",
+"disp('VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = '+string(V)+'V')//parallel voltage"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.22: Thevenin_Equivalent_Circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_22\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//considering the fig. 2.17 given in the question \n",
+"R1 = 1\n",
+"R2 = 3\n",
+"R3 = 2\n",
+"V = 20\n",
+"disp('R1 ='+string(R1)+'ohm')//value of resitance R1\n",
+"disp('R2 ='+string(R2)+'ohm')//value of resitance R2\n",
+"disp('R3 ='+string(R3)+'ohm')//value of resitance R3(across A and B terminals, \n",
+"                            //across which thevenin equivalate circuit is need to determine)\n",
+"disp('V ='+string(V)+'V')//value of D.C. voltage applied\n",
+"\n",
+"//TO FIND THEVENIN'S RESISTANCE (RTH),.. \n",
+"//CONSIDERING FIG 2.17\n",
+"// WE REMOVE THE RESISTANCE (R1) ACROSS LOAD TERMINAL AB I.E. \n",
+"//AND ALSO WE SHORT THE VOLTAGE SOURCE\n",
+"//NOW ACCORDING TO MODIFIED CIRCUIT\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('1/RTH = 1/R3 + 1/R2 = '+string(1/((1/R3)+(1/R2)))+'ohm')//R1 and R2 are in parallel\n",
+"\n",
+"//TO FIND THEVENIN VOLTAGE (VTH),.. \n",
+"//CONSIDERING FIG 2.17\n",
+"//WE DISCONNECT LOAD RESISTANCE (R1) AND MADE  TERMINAL AB OPEN CIRCUIT\n",
+"//ACCORDING TO MODIFIED CIRCUIT\n",
+"\n",
+"//applying KVL in the loop, to find the amount of current flowing in circuit\n",
+"//taking current as 'I' amperes\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('V = (R3*I)+(R2*I)')\n",
+"I = V/(R2+R3)\n",
+"disp('or, I = V/(R2+R3) = '+string(I)+'amperes')\n",
+"//Voltage drop across R2 resistance = Thevenin voltage\n",
+"//thus, voltage across AB i.e., thevenin voltage, is given as\n",
+"disp('VTH = R2*I = '+string(R2*I)+'V')\n",
+"\n",
+"//  NOTE :  Notations used in the program are as mentioned in the main fig. 2.17\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.2: Charge_stored_in_Capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C= 10*10^-6\n",
+"V = 10\n",
+"disp('C ='+string(C)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('V = '+string(V)+'V')//voltage\n",
+"disp('Q = C*V = '+string(C*V)+'C')//calculation for charge"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.3: Capacitance_of_capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Q = 5*10^-12\n",
+"V = 50\n",
+"disp('Q = '+string(Q)+'C')//charge\n",
+"disp('V = '+string(V)+'V')//voltage\n",
+"disp('C = Q/V = '+string(Q/V)+'F')//calculation for capacitance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.4: Charge_stored_in_Capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"I = 10*10^-6\n",
+"t= 10\n",
+"disp('I = '+string(I)+'A')//current\n",
+"disp('t = '+string(t)+'seconds')//time\n",
+"disp('Q = I*t = '+string(I*t)+'C')//calculation for charge"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.5: Charge_stored_and_voltage_across_capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C = 2.0*10^-6\n",
+"t= 2\n",
+"I = 10*10^-6\n",
+"Q = I*t\n",
+"disp('C = '+string(C)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('t = '+string(t)+'seconds')//time\n",
+"disp('I = '+string(I)+'A')//current\n",
+"disp('Q = I*t = '+string(Q)+'C')//calculation for charge\n",
+"disp('V = Q/C = '+string(Q/C)+'V')//calculation for voltage"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.6: Reactance_of_Capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C = 12* 10^ -6\n",
+"f = 1.0*10^3\n",
+"Xc = 1/(2*%pi*f*C)\n",
+"disp('C = '+string(C)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('at... f = '+string(f)+'Hz')//frequency\n",
+"disp('Xc = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = '+string(1/(2*%pi*f*C))+'ohm')//calculation for capacitive reactance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.7: Reactance_of_Capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C = 0.2*10^-6\n",
+"f1 = 1.0*10^3\n",
+"f2 = 50\n",
+"disp('C = '+string(C)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('at... f = '+string(f1)+'Hz')//frequency\n",
+"disp('Xc = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = '+string(1/(2*%pi*f1*C))+'ohm')//calculation for capacitive reactance\n",
+"disp('at... f = '+string(f2)+'Hz')//frequency\n",
+"disp('Xc = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = '+string(1/(2*%pi*f2*C))+'ohm')//calculation for capacitive reactance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.8: Series_Capacitance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C1 = 0.5*10^-6\n",
+"C2 = 0.5*10^-6\n",
+"CT = (C1*C2)/(C1+C2)\n",
+"disp('C1 = '+string(C1)+'F')//capacitance 1\n",
+"disp('C1 = '+string(C1)+'F')//capacitance 2\n",
+"disp('1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 = (C1*C2)/(C1+C2) = '+string(C1*C2/(C1+C2))+'F')//series capacitance\n",
+"// proper ans. = 0.25*10^-6F"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.9: Parallel_Capacitance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex2_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C1 = 0.2*10^-12\n",
+"C2 = 0.6*10^-12\n",
+"C3 = 1.0*10^-12\n",
+"disp('C1 = '+string(C1)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('C2 = '+string(C2)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('C3 = '+string(C3)+'F')//capacitance\n",
+"disp('CT = C1+C2+C3 = '+string(C1+C2+C3)+'F')//parallel capacitance"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/3-Electrodynamics_and_CRO.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/3-Electrodynamics_and_CRO.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f4784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/3-Electrodynamics_and_CRO.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 3: Electrodynamics and CRO"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.10: Deflection_Sensitivity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"l = .03\n",
+"d = 0.01\n",
+"L = 0.18\n",
+"Va = 1000\n",
+"disp('l = '+string(l)+'m')//lenght of deflection plate\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'m')//plate separation\n",
+"disp('L = '+string(L)+'m')//distance of screen from plate\n",
+"disp('Va = '+string(Va)+'V')//anode voltage\n",
+"SE = (l*L)/(2*d*Va)\n",
+"disp('SE = (l*L)/(2*d*Va) = '+string(SE)+'m/V')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.11: force_on_current_element.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('fm = BIL')//formula used for finding FORCE ON CURRENT ELEMENT\n",
+"B = 2.0\n",
+"IL = 10*10^-3\n",
+"fm = B*IL\n",
+"disp('B = '+string(B)+'Wb/m-sq')//magnetic field\n",
+"disp('IL = '+string(IL)+'A-m')//current element\n",
+"disp('fm ='+string(fm)+'Newton')//answer displayed"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.12: Velocity_of_electron_and_kinetic_energy.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_12\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('v = (2*e*Va/m)^.5')//formula used to calculate velocity of electrons\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"m = 9.1*10^-31\n",
+"Va = 3.0*10^3\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//electron charge\n",
+"disp('m = '+string(m)+'Kg')//mass of electron\n",
+"disp('Va = '+string(Va)+'V')//potential difference = anode voltage\n",
+"v = abs((2*e*Va/m))^.5\n",
+"disp('v = '+string(v)+'m/s')\n",
+"W = e*Va//kinetic energy\n",
+"disp('W = e*Va = '+string(W)+'joules')//Kinetic energy"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.13: Deflection_of_electron_beam.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_13\n",
+"clc\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"m = 9.1*10^-31\n",
+"Va = 400\n",
+"v = (abs(2*e*Va/m))^.5\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//electron charge\n",
+"disp('m = '+string(m)+'Kg')//mass of electron\n",
+"disp('Va = '+string(Va)+'V')//anode voltage\n",
+"disp('v = (2*e*Va/m)^.5 = '+string(v)+'m/s')//formula used to calculate velocity of electrons\n",
+"//as electron traces a circular path, radius of circular path\n",
+"H = 47.75\n",
+"micro_not = 4*%pi*10^-7\n",
+"B = H*micro_not\n",
+"disp('B = '+string(B)+'Wb/m-sq')\n",
+"r = (v/(e/m)/B)\n",
+"disp('r = (v/(e/m))/B = '+string(r)+'m')\n",
+"\n",
+"//  NOTE : Question is incompletely solved in the textbook"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.14: Deflection_sensitivity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_14\n",
+"clc\n",
+"l = 22\n",
+"d = 1.5\n",
+"Va = 625\n",
+"e = 1.6*10^-19\n",
+"m = 9.1*10^-31\n",
+"disp('l = '+string(l)+'cm')//distance from location of magnetic field\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'cm')//length over which magnetic field is present\n",
+"disp('Va = '+string(Va)+'V')//voltage applied to anode\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//electron charge\n",
+"disp('m = '+string(m)+'Kg')//mass of electron\n",
+"SH = l*10^-2*d*10^-2*(e/(2*m*Va))^.5\n",
+"disp('SH = D/B = l*d*(e/(2*m*Va))^.5 = '+string(SH)+'m/tesla')//magnetic deflection sensitivity in terms of meter and tesla\n",
+"// as B = micro_not*H\n",
+"micro_not = 4*%pi*10^-7\n",
+"disp('SH = D/H = micro_not*l*d*(e/(2*m*Va))^.5 = '+string(SH*micro_not)+'m-sq/Amp.')//magnetic deflection sensitivity in terms of meter and amperes"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.15: Electric_field_and_velocity_and_deflection_sensitivity.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_15\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vd = 50\n",
+"d = 1\n",
+"disp('(a)')\n",
+"disp('Vd = '+string(Vd)+'V')//voltage applied to deflection plates\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'cm')//plate separation\n",
+"E = Vd/d/10^-2\n",
+"disp('E = Vd/d = '+string(E)+'V/m')//electric field produced\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('(b)')\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"m = 9.1*10^-31\n",
+"Va = 500\n",
+"v = abs((2*e*Va/m))^.5\n",
+"disp('v = (2*e*Va/m)^.5')// formula for Velocity OF Electron\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//electron charge\n",
+"disp('m = '+string(m)+'Kg')//mass of electron\n",
+"disp('Va = '+string(Va)+'V')//voltage applied at anode\n",
+"disp('v = '+string(v)+'m/s')\n",
+"\n",
+"disp('(c)')\n",
+"l = 2\n",
+"L = 30\n",
+"Va = 500\n",
+"SE = l*L/2/Va/d*10\n",
+"disp('l = '+string(l)+'cm')//length of deflection plate\n",
+"disp('L = '+string(L)+'cm')//distance between plates and screen\n",
+"disp('d = '+string(d)+'cm')//plate separation\n",
+"disp('Va = '+string(Va)+'V')//anode voltage\n",
+"disp('SE = (l*L)/(2*Va*d) = '+string(SE)+'mm/volts')//Electrostatic deflection sensitivity"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.16: Phase_difference_using_Lissajous_pattern.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_16\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//considering Lissajous pattern given in question\n",
+"y1 = 0\n",
+"y2 = 5\n",
+"phi = asind(y1/y2)\n",
+"disp('y1 = '+string(y1)+'cm')//minor axis\n",
+"disp('y2 = '+string(y2)+'cm')//major axis\n",
+"disp('phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = '+string(phi)+'degree')//phase difference"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.17: Phase_difference_using_Lissajous_pattern.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_17\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//considering Lissajous pattern given in question\n",
+"y1 = 4\n",
+"y2 = 5\n",
+"phi = asind(y1/y2)\n",
+"disp('y1 = '+string(y1)+'unit')//minor axis\n",
+"disp('y2 = '+string(y2)+'unit')//major axis\n",
+"disp('phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = '+string(phi)+'degree')//phase difference"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.18: Phase_difference_using_Lissajous_pattern.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_16\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//considering Lissajous pattern given in question\n",
+"y1 = 4\n",
+"y2 = 4\n",
+"phi = asind(y1/y2)\n",
+"disp('y1 = '+string(y1)+'cm')//minor axis\n",
+"disp('y2 = '+string(y2)+'cm')//major axis\n",
+"disp('phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = '+string(phi)+'degree')//phase difference"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.19: Phase_difference_using_Lissajous_pattern.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_16\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//considering Lissajous pattern given in question\n",
+"y1 = 2\n",
+"y2 = 6\n",
+"phi = asind(y1/y2)\n",
+"disp('y1 = '+string(y1)+'cm')//minor axis\n",
+"disp('y2 = '+string(y2)+'cm')//major axis\n",
+"disp('phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = '+string(phi)+'degree')//phase difference\n",
+"disp('OR')\n",
+"phi = 180 - phi\n",
+"disp('phi = '+string(phi)+'degree')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.1: Force_on_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"E = 20*10^3\n",
+"e = -(1.6*10^-19)\n",
+"F = e*E\n",
+"disp('E = '+string(E)+'ax V/m')//initializing electic field\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//intializing electron charge\n",
+"disp('F = eE = '+string(F)+'ax N')//calculation for force on electron due to electric field\n",
+"\n",
+"//  NOTE : answer provided in the textbook is wrong Correct answer is, -3.2*10^16ax N"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.2: Force_on_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"E = 50*10^3\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"N = 10^6\n",
+"F = N*e*E\n",
+"disp('E = '+string(E)+'az V/m')//value of Electric field applied\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//value of eletron charge\n",
+"disp('N = '+string(N))//total number of charge\n",
+"disp('F = NeE = '+string(F)+'az N')//force on electron"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.3: Force_on_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"v = 5*10^6\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"B = 20*10^-6\n",
+"F = e*v*B\n",
+"disp('v = '+string(v)+'m/s')//velocity of electron\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//charge of electron\n",
+"disp('B = '+string(B)+'Wb/m-sq')//magnetic field\n",
+"disp('F = e(VxB) = e*v*B = '+string(F)+'N')//force on the electron due to field\n",
+"\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.4: Force_on_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Bx = 40*10^-6\n",
+"By = 10*10^-6\n",
+"N = 10^6\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"v = 8*10^6\n",
+"disp('B = '+string(Bx)+'ax + '+string(By)+'ay Wb/m-sq')//magnetic field\n",
+"disp('N = '+string(N))//number of electrons\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//electron charge\n",
+"disp('v = '+string(v)+'ax m/s')//velocity of electron\n",
+"disp('F = Q(VxB) = '+string(e*N*v*By)+' az N')//force on electron\n",
+"//as we are taking curl of V and B,.. thus Vx X Bx = 0\n",
+"//force will be only due to V x By."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.5: Current_density.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"n = 10^6\n",
+"v = 5*10^6\n",
+"J = n*e*v\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//charge of electrons\n",
+"disp('n = '+string(n)+' /m-cube')//electron density\n",
+"disp('v = '+string(v)+'m/s')//electron velocity\n",
+"disp('J = nev = '+string(abs(J))+'A/m-sq')//current density"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.6: Current_density.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"v = 2*10^7\n",
+"e = -1.6*10^-19\n",
+"n = 10^8\n",
+"J = n*e*v\n",
+"disp('v = '+string(v)+'m/s')//velocity of electron\n",
+"disp('e = '+string(e)+'C')//electron charge\n",
+"disp('n = '+string(n)+' /m-cube')//electron density\n",
+"disp('J = nev = '+string(abs(J))+'A/m-sq')//current density\n",
+"\n",
+"//note: formula for current density in the solution in the textbook is misprinted \n",
+"//      also the answer is provide in the textbook for above problem is misprinted."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.7: Frequeny_of_Signal.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"l = 4//cycle length\n",
+"t = 10*10^-6//scale setting\n",
+"T = l*t//time period for full cycle\n",
+"disp('T = '+string(T)+' s')\n",
+"disp('Frequency = 1/T = '+string(1/T)+'Hz')//frequency of the signal"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.8: RMS_voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vpp = 4.2*10*10^-3//peak to peak voltage of sinusoidal signal  //notation not used in textbook\n",
+"Vm = Vpp/2//maximum positive voltage\n",
+"Vrms = Vm/(2^.5)//root mean square value of voltage\n",
+"disp('Vm = '+string(Vm)+'V')\n",
+"disp('Vrms = Vm/(2^.5) = '+string(Vrms)+'V')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.9: Current_in_100_ohm_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex3_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"V = 4.5*10^-3//applied dc voltage\n",
+"r = 100// given resistance\n",
+"I = V/r//flow of current\n",
+"disp('DC voltage = '+string(V)+'V')\n",
+"disp('The current in 100 ohm = '+string(I)+'A')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/4-Diode_Characteristics_and_Applications.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/4-Diode_Characteristics_and_Applications.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd1b540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/4-Diode_Characteristics_and_Applications.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 4: Diode Characteristics and Applications"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.1: Current_in_silicon_diode.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex4_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Irs = 0.2*10^-6\n",
+"Vf = 0.1\n",
+"VT = 26*10^-3\n",
+"eta = 1//for germanium\n",
+"I = Irs*(exp(Vf/eta/VT)-1)\n",
+"disp('Irs = '+string(Irs)+'A')//reverse saturation current\n",
+"disp('Vf = '+string(Vf)+'V')//applied voltage\n",
+"disp('VT = '+string(VT)+'V')//voltage at room temperature\n",
+"disp('eta = '+string(eta))\n",
+"disp('I = Irs*(exp(Vf/eta/VT)-1)')//current at room temperature\n",
+"disp('I = '+string(I)+'A')\n",
+"\n",
+"//current in silicon:\n",
+"eta = 2//for silicon\n",
+"disp('eta = '+string(eta))\n",
+"I = Irs*(exp(Vf/eta/VT)-1)\n",
+"disp('I = '+string(I)+'A')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note: incomplete solution in textbook for above question."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.2: Voltage_in_silicon_diode.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex4_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Irs = 2.0*10^-6\n",
+"I = 10*10^-3\n",
+"VT = 26*10^-3\n",
+"eta = 2//for silicon\n",
+"disp('Irs = '+string(Irs)+'A')//reverse saturation current\n",
+"disp('I = '+string(I)+'A')//forward current\n",
+"disp('VT = '+string(VT)+'V')//voltage at room temperature\n",
+"disp('eta = '+string(eta))\n",
+"Vf = eta*VT*log((I/Irs)+1)//voltage produced\n",
+"disp('Vf = eta*VT*log((I/Irs)+1) = '+string(Vf)+'V')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.3: Dynamic_resistance_of_diode.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex4_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"If = 3*10^-3//forward current\n",
+"eta = 1//for germanium\n",
+"T = 300//room temperature\n",
+"VT = T/11600//voltage at room temperature\n",
+"disp('If = '+string(If)+'A')\n",
+"disp('eta = '+string(eta))\n",
+"disp('T = '+string(T)+'degreeK')\n",
+"disp('VT = '+string(VT)+'V')\n",
+"Rdf = (eta*VT/If)//dynamic resistance at room temprature\n",
+"disp('Rdf = (eta*VT/If) = '+string(Rdf)+'ohm')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.4: Transition_Capacitance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex4_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"A = 4*10^-6\n",
+"W = 1.5*10^-6\n",
+"apsilent_r = 16//for germanium\n",
+"apsilent_not = 8.85*10^-12//permitivity in vaccum\n",
+"disp('A = '+string(A)+'m_sq')//cross sectional are\n",
+"disp('W = '+string(W)+'m')//width of depletion layer\n",
+"disp('apsient_r = '+string(apsilent_r))//relative permittivity\n",
+"disp('CT = apsilent*A/W')//transition capacitance\n",
+"disp('   = '+string(apsilent_r*apsilent_not*A/W)+'F')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note: units given in textbook in the solution for cross sectional area and width are misprinted."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.5: Diffusion_Capacitance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex4_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"I = 10*10^-3\n",
+"eta = 1//for germanium\n",
+"VT = 26*10^-3\n",
+"tawo = 6*10^-3\n",
+"CD = I*tawo/eta/VT\n",
+"disp('I = '+string(I)+'A')//forward current\n",
+"disp('eta = '+string(eta))\n",
+"disp('VT = '+string(VT)+'V')//voltagr at room temperature\n",
+"disp('tawo = '+string(tawo)+'sec')//mean lifetime\n",
+"disp('CD = I*tao/eta/VT = '+string(CD)+'F')//"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/5-Rectifier_and_DC_Power_Supplies.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/5-Rectifier_and_DC_Power_Supplies.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5d3f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/5-Rectifier_and_DC_Power_Supplies.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 5: Rectifier and DC Power Supplies"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.11: Half_wave_rectificatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Rf = 10\n",
+"RL = 150\n",
+"eta_r = 40.6/(1+Rf/RL)\n",
+"disp('Rf = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')//forward resistance\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('eta_r = 40.6/(1+Rf/RL) = '+string(eta_r)+'%')//rectification efficiency"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.12: Full_wave_rectificatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_12\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Rf = 12.5\n",
+"RL = 100\n",
+"eta_r = 80.1/(1+Rf/RL)\n",
+"disp('Rf = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')//forward resistance\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('eta_r = 80.1/(1+Rf/RL) = '+string(eta_r)+'%')//rectification efficiency"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.13: Bridge_Rectifier.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_13\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vdc = 32\n",
+"Vm = %pi*Vdc/2\n",
+"Vrms = Vm/(2^.5)\n",
+"PIV = Vm\n",
+"disp('Vdc = '+string(Vdc)+'V')//D.C. voltage\n",
+"disp('Vm = pi*Vdc/2 = '+string(Vm)+'V')//peak voltage\n",
+"disp('Vrms = Vm/(2^.5) = '+string(Vrms)+'V')//rms voltage\n",
+"disp('PIV = '+string(PIV)+'V')//peak inverse voltage\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : value calculated for Vrms in the textbook is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.14: Ripple_Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_14\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C = 10*10^-3\n",
+"f = 50\n",
+"Idc = 200*10^-3\n",
+"Vr = Idc/(2*f*C)\n",
+"disp('C = '+string(C)+'F')//circuit capacitance\n",
+"disp('f = '+string(f)+'Hz')//operating frequency\n",
+"disp('Idc = '+string(Idc)+'A')//D.C. current\n",
+"disp('Vr = Idc/(2*f*C) = '+string(Vr)+'V')//ripple voltage"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.15: Ripple_factor_and_DC_current_and_load_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_15\n",
+"clc\n",
+"C = 600*10^-6\n",
+"T = 20*10^-3\n",
+"Vr = 1.2\n",
+"Vdc = 9\n",
+"Vac =Vr/(2*(3^.5))\n",
+"r = Vac/Vdc\n",
+"Idc = (Vr*C)/(T/2)\n",
+"RL = Vdc/Idc\n",
+"disp('C = '+string(C)+'F')//rectifier capacitance\n",
+"disp('T = '+string(T)+'s')//time\n",
+"disp('Vr = '+string(Vr)+'V')//ripple voltage\n",
+"disp('Vdc = '+string(Vdc)+'V')//D.C. voltage\n",
+"disp('Vac = '+string(Vac)+'V')//A.C. voltage\n",
+"disp('r = '+string(r))//ripple factor\n",
+"disp('Idc = '+string(Idc)+'A')//D.C. current\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.16: Design_pi_section_full_wave_filter.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_16\n",
+"clc\n",
+"L = 1// assuming inductance\n",
+"f = 50//operating frequency\n",
+"XL = 2*%pi*f*L//inductance\n",
+"RL = 100//assuming load resistance\n",
+"r = .01//ripple factor\n",
+"\n",
+"//let, capacitances C1 = C2 = C\n",
+"//that implies XC1 = XC2 = XC\n",
+"disp('XL = 2*%pi*f*L = '+string(XL)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('r = '+string(r))\n",
+"XC = ((r*8*XL*RL)/(2^.5))^.5//capacitive resistance\n",
+"disp('XC = ((r*8*XL*RL)/(2^.5))^.5 = '+string(XC)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('XC = 1/wC = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = '+string(XC))\n",
+"C = 1/(2*%pi*f*XC)//capacitance\n",
+"disp('C = 1/(2*pi*f*XC) = '+string(C)+'F')\n",
+"// thus, design parameters are : \n",
+"disp('design parameters:')\n",
+"disp('C1 = C2 = '+string(C)+'F')\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('L = '+string(L)+'H')\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// Note : the calculations done in the textbook for the given problem is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.17: DC_voltage_and_current_and_Resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_17\n",
+"clc\n",
+"f =50\n",
+"disp('vi = 16 sin(wt)')\n",
+"Vdc = 16\n",
+"RL = 100\n",
+"C1 = 2*10^-3\n",
+"C2 = 2*10^-3\n",
+"L = 1.0\n",
+"Idc = Vdc/RL\n",
+"XC1 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C1)\n",
+"XC2 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C2)\n",
+"XL = 2*%pi*f*L\n",
+"r = ((2^.5)*XC1*XC2)/(8*XL*RL)\n",
+"disp('L = '+string(L)+'H')//inductance\n",
+"disp('C1 = '+string(C1)+'F')//capacitance 1\n",
+"disp('C2 = '+string(C2)+'F')//capacitance 2\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('f = '+string(f)+'Hz')//operating frequency\n",
+"disp('Vdc = '+string(Vdc)+'V')//d.c. voltage\n",
+"disp('Idc = Vdc/RL = '+string(Idc)+'A')//d.c. current\n",
+"disp('XL = 2*%pi*f*L = '+string(XL)+'ohm')//inductive resistance\n",
+"disp('XC1 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C1) = '+string(XC1)+'ohm')//capacitive resistance due to capacitance 1\n",
+"disp('XC2 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C2) = '+string(XC2)+'ohm')//capacitive resistance due to capacitance 2\n",
+"disp('r = ((2^.5)*XC1*XC2)/(8*XL*RL) = '+string(r))//ripple factor\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.1: Current_and_ripple_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vm = 24\n",
+"RL = 1.8*10^3\n",
+"Im = Vm/RL\n",
+"Irms = Im/2\n",
+"Idc = Im/(%pi)\n",
+"r = ((Irms/Idc)^2 - 1)^.5\n",
+"disp('Vm = '+string(Vm)+'V')//applied voltage to half wave rectifier\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Im = Vm/RL = '+string(Im)+'A')//peak current\n",
+"disp('Irms = Im/2 = '+string(Irms)+'A')//rms current\n",
+"disp('Idc = Im/pi = '+string(Idc)+'A')//D.C. current\n",
+"disp('r ((Irms/Idc)^2 - 1)^.5 = '+string(r))//ripple factor"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.2: DC_and_peak_voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_2\n",
+"clc \n",
+"Vm = 18\n",
+"\n",
+"//in half wave circuit\n",
+"Vdc = Vm/%pi\n",
+"PIV = Vm\n",
+"disp('Vm = '+string(Vm)+'V')//peak voltage to rectifier\n",
+"disp('Vdc = Vm/pi = '+string(Vdc)+'V')//D.C. voltage\n",
+"disp('PIV = Vm = '+string(PIV)+'V')//peak inverse voltage\n",
+"\n",
+"//in full wave circuit\n",
+"Vdc = (2*Vm/%pi)\n",
+"PIV = 2*Vm\n",
+"disp('Vdc = 2*Vm/pi = '+string(Vdc)+'V')//D.C. voltage\n",
+"disp('PIV = 2*Vm = '+string(PIV)+'V')//peak inverse voltage for center trapped\n",
+"\n",
+"//in full wave Bridge rectifier\n",
+"disp('PIV = Vm = '+string(Vm)+'V')//peak inverse voltage"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.3: Current_and_Voltage_and_Ripple_Factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vm = 12\n",
+"RL = 1.5*10^3\n",
+"Im = Vm/RL\n",
+"Irms = Im/(2^.5)\n",
+"Idc = (2*Im/%pi)\n",
+"r =(((Irms/Idc)^2)-1)^.5\n",
+"disp('Vm = '+string(Vm)+'V')//peak voltage to full rectifier\n",
+"disp('Im = Vm/RL = '+string(Im)+'A')//peak current\n",
+"disp('Irms = Im/(2^0.5) = '+string(Irms)+'A')//rms current\n",
+"disp('Idc = (2*Im/pi) = '+string(Idc)+'A')//D.C. current\n",
+"disp('r = (((Irms/Idc)^2)-1)^0.5 = '+string(r))//ripple factor"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.4: Power_and_Rectification_Efficiency.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Idc = 10*10^-3\n",
+"Irms = 14*10^-3\n",
+"RL = 1*10^3\n",
+"Pdc = (Idc^2)*RL\n",
+"Pac = (Irms^2)*RL\n",
+"disp('Idc = '+string(Idc)+'A')//D.C. current\n",
+"disp('Irms = '+string(Irms)+'A')//rms current\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Pdc = (Idc^2)*RL = '+string(Pdc)+'W')//D.C. power \n",
+"disp('Pac = (Irms^2)*RL = '+string(Pac)+'W')//A.C. power\n",
+"disp('eta_r = Pdc/Pac = '+string(Pdc/Pac*100)+'%')//Rectification efficiency\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.5: Voltage_and_Current_and_Power_and_percentage_regulation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('v = 12 sin(wt)')\n",
+"Vm = 12\n",
+"RL = 1*10^3\n",
+"Rf = 10\n",
+"Im = Vm/(RL+Rf)\n",
+"Idc =Im/%pi\n",
+"Vdc = Idc*RL\n",
+"Irms = Im/2\n",
+"Pi = (Irms^2)*(RL+Rf)\n",
+"VNL = Vm/%pi\n",
+"VL = Idc*RL\n",
+"Regulation = (VNL - VL)/VL\n",
+"disp('Vm = '+string(Vm)+'V')//amplitude of applied signal\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Rf = '+string(Rf)+'ohm')//forward resistance\n",
+"disp('Im = Vm/(RL+Rf) = '+string(Im)+'A')//peak current\n",
+"disp('Idc = Im/pi = '+string(Idc)+'A')//D.C. current\n",
+"disp('Vdc = Idc*RL = '+string(Vdc)+'V')//D.C, voltage\n",
+"disp('Pi = (Irms^2)*(RL+Rf)')\n",
+"disp('Irms = Im/2 = '+string(Irms)+'A')//rms current\n",
+"disp('Pi = '+string(Pi)+'W')//input power\n",
+"disp('%Regulation = (VNL - VL)/VL')\n",
+"disp('VNL = Vm/pi = '+string(VNL)+'V')//non load voltage\n",
+"disp('VL = Idc*RL = '+string(VL)+'')//load voltage\n",
+"disp('%Regulation = '+string(Regulation*100)+'%')//percentage regulation\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//   NOTE : THE POWER CALCULATED IN THE TEXTBOOK IS WRONG."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.6: Peak_Inverse_Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex5_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vdc = 15\n",
+"disp('Vdc = '+string(Vdc)+'V')//applied D.C. voltage\n",
+"//Half Wave Rectifier\n",
+"Vm = %pi*Vdc\n",
+"PIV = Vm\n",
+"disp('Vm = Vdc*pi = '+string(Vm)+'V')//D.C. voltage for half wave rectifier\n",
+"disp('PIV = Vm = '+string(PIV)+'V')//peak inverse voltage for half wave rectifier\n",
+"//Full Wave Rectifier\n",
+"Vm = %pi*Vdc/2\n",
+"PIV = 2*Vm\n",
+"disp('Vm = Vdc*pi/2 = '+string(Vm)+'V')//D.C. voltage for full wave rectifier\n",
+"disp('PIV = 2*Vm = '+string(PIV)+'V')//peak inverse voltage for full wave rectifier\n",
+"//Bridge Rectifier\n",
+"Vm = %pi*Vdc/2\n",
+"PIV = Vm\n",
+"disp('Vm = Vdc*pi/2 = '+string(Vm)+'V')//D.C. voltage for bridge rectifier\n",
+"disp('PIV = Vm = '+string(PIV)+'V')//peak inverse voltage for bridge rectifier"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/6-Transistor_Characteristics_And_Applications.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/6-Transistor_Characteristics_And_Applications.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6271b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/6-Transistor_Characteristics_And_Applications.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 6: Transistor Characteristics And Applications"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.10: common_emitter_current_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ic = 2.5*10^-3\n",
+"ib = 50*10^-6\n",
+"disp('ib = '+string(ib)+'A')//base current\n",
+"disp('ic = '+string(ic)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"beta = ic/ib\n",
+"disp('beta = ic/ib = '+string(beta))//current gain "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.11: common_base_current_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ic = 3*10^-3\n",
+"ib = 3.08*10^-3\n",
+"disp('ib = '+string(ib)+'A')//base current\n",
+"disp('ic = '+string(ic)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"alpha = ic/ib\n",
+"disp('alpha = ie/ib = ic/ib = '+string(alpha))//current gain, assuming ie = ic "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.12: peak_to_peak_collector_voltage_and_current.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_12\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//given, collector voltage swings between 11V to 4V\n",
+"//thus,\n",
+"vc = 11-4\n",
+"disp('vc = 11 - 4 = '+string(vc)+'V')//PEAK-to-PEAK collector voltage\n",
+"//given, collector current swings between 5mA to 1.4mA\n",
+"//thus,\n",
+"ic = (5 - 1.4)*10^-3\n",
+"disp('ic = 5m - 1.4m = '+string(ic)+'A')//PEAK-to-PEAK collector current"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.13: Current_gain_in_CE_amplifier.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_13\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ic = 4*10^-3\n",
+"ib = 80*10^-6\n",
+"disp('ib = '+string(ib)+'A')//base current\n",
+"disp('ic = '+string(ic)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"Ai = ic/ib\n",
+"disp('Ai = ic/ib = '+string(Ai))//current gain in CE amplifier"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.1: current_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"IB = 40*10^-6\n",
+"IC = 3*10^-3\n",
+"beta = IC/IB\n",
+"alpha = beta/(1+beta)\n",
+"disp('IB = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current \n",
+"disp('IC = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"disp('beta = IC/IB = '+string(beta))//current gain in CE configuration\n",
+"disp('alpha = beta/(1+beta) = '+string(alpha))//current gain in CB configuration"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.2: Transistor_current_and_current_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"IE = 1.2*10^-3\n",
+"beta = 60\n",
+"alpha = beta/(1+beta)\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain in CE configuration\n",
+"disp('alpha = beta/(1+beta) = '+string(alpha))//current gain in CB configuraion\n",
+"disp('IE = '+string(IE)+'A')//emitter current\n",
+"IB = IE/(beta+1)\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IB = IE/(beta+1) = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"disp('IC = beta*IB = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.3: Unknown_Resistance_in_transistor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"alpha = 0.98\n",
+"VBE = 0.7\n",
+"IE = -2*10^-3\n",
+"Re = 100\n",
+"RL = 3.3*10^3\n",
+"disp('alpha = '+string(alpha))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//voltage across base-emitter\n",
+"disp('IE = '+string(IE)+'A')//emitter current\n",
+"disp('Re = '+string(Re)+'ohm')//emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"//now according to circuit given for the question in the textbook\n",
+"IC = -alpha * IE\n",
+"disp('IC = -alpha*IE = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"IB = -IC - IE\n",
+"disp('IB = -IC - IE = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"VBN = VBE+(abs(IE)*Re)\n",
+"disp('VBN = VBE+(IE*Re) = '+string(VBN)+'V')//voltage across base and ground(N)\n",
+"//ASSUMING... value for R1 = 30*10^3 ohm\n",
+"R1 = 30*10^3\n",
+"disp('R1 = '+string(R1)+'ohm')//resistancfe R1 as given in circuit\n",
+"I = VBN/R1\n",
+"disp('I = VBN/R1 = '+string(I)+'A')//current across resistance R1\n",
+"//ASSUMING... VCC = 9V\n",
+"VCC = 9//collector voltage\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')\n",
+"VCN = VCC - (RL*(IC+I+IB))\n",
+"disp('VCN = VCC - RL*(IC+I+IB)) = '+string(VCN)+'V')//voltage across collector and ground(N)\n",
+"// according to the given diagram for the question in the textbook, unknown resistance is,\n",
+"R = (VCN - VBN)/(I+IB)\n",
+"disp('R = (VCN - VBN)/(I+IB) = '+string(R)+'ohm')//unknown resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.4: transistor_current_and_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RC = 2.3*10^3\n",
+"Re = 1*10^3\n",
+"VCC = 12\n",
+"VCE = 5\n",
+"VBE = 0.7\n",
+"beta = 50\n",
+"disp('RC = '+string(RC)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"disp('Re = '+string(Re)+'ohm')//emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//supply voltage\n",
+"disp('VCE = '+string(VCE)+'V')//voltage across collector and emitter\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//voltage across base and emitter\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"// according to the given circuit, we have\n",
+"IB = (VCC - VCE)/((beta+1)*[RC+Re])\n",
+"disp('IB = (VCC - VCE)/((beta+1)*[RC+Re]) = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IC = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"//from the circuit we have,\n",
+"Rt = (VCE-VBE)/IB\n",
+"disp('Rt = (VCE - VBE)/IB = '+string(Rt)+'ohm')//resistance Rt as given in circuit"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.5: Base_curre3nt_and_collector_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VBB = 1\n",
+"VCC = 12\n",
+"IC = 12*10^-3\n",
+"VCE = 4\n",
+"beta = 80\n",
+"VBE = 0.7\n",
+"disp('VBB = '+string(VBB)+'V')//base supply voltage\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('IC = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"disp('VCE = '+string(VCE)+'V')//voltage across collector and emitter\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//voltage across base and emitter\n",
+"IB = IC/beta\n",
+"disp('IB = IC/beta = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"RC = (VCC - VCE)/IC\n",
+"disp('RC = (VCC - VCE)/IC = '+string(int(RC))+'ohm')//collector resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.6: Current_gain_and_base_reistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 9\n",
+"VBB = 3\n",
+"IC = 2*10^-3\n",
+"beta = 50\n",
+"VBE = 0.7\n",
+"VCE = 4\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('VBB = '+string(VBB)+'V')//base supply voltage\n",
+"disp('IC = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//voltage across base and emitter\n",
+"disp('VCE = '+string(VCE)+'V')//voltage across collector and emitter\n",
+"IB = IC/beta\n",
+"disp('IB = IC/beta = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"RB = (VBB - VBE)/IB\n",
+"disp('RB = (VBB - VBE)/IB = '+string(RB)+'ohm')//base resistance according to the given in circuit\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note: misprint in the question, author is asking for IB instead of beta, as beta is already provided.\n",
+"// note: calculation done in the textbook for the problem is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.7: base_current_and_transistor_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 12\n",
+"VBB = 3\n",
+"IC = 12*10^-3\n",
+"VCE = 5.5\n",
+"beta = 100\n",
+"VBE = 0.7\n",
+"Re = 50\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('VBB = '+string(VBB)+'V')//base supply voltage\n",
+"disp('IC = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"disp('VCE = '+string(VCE)+'V')//voltage across collector and emitter\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//voltage across base and emitter\n",
+"disp('Re = '+string(Re)+'ohm')//emittter resistance\n",
+"IB = IC/beta\n",
+"disp('IB = IC/beta = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"//from base-emitter circuit;\n",
+"IE = IC+IB\n",
+"Rb = (VBB - VBE - (IE*Re))/IB\n",
+"disp('Rb = (VBB - VBE - IE*Re)/IB = '+string(Rb)+'ohm')//base resistance\n",
+"//from collector-emitter circuit, we have\n",
+"Rc = (VCC - VCE - (IE*Re))/(IC)\n",
+"disp('Rc = (VCC - VCE - (IE*Re))/IC = '+string(Rc)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//NOTE : in textbook the notation used for base and emitter resistance in fig. and in calculation are different\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : calculation perform in the textbook is wrong for the above problem"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.8: Base_and_current_current.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VBB = 10\n",
+"RB = 500*10^3\n",
+"VCC = 15\n",
+"RC = 1.2*10^3\n",
+"beta =100\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VBB = '+string(VBB)+'V')//base supply voltage\n",
+"disp('RB = '+string(RB)+'ohm')//resistance across base terminal\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('RC = '+string(RC)+'ohm')//resistance across collector terminal\n",
+"IB = VBB/RB\n",
+"disp('IB = VBB/RB = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IC = beta*IB = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"VCE = VCC - (IC*RC)\n",
+"disp('VCE = VCC - IC*RC = '+string(VCE)+'V')//voltage across collector and emitter\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// the answer printed in the textbook for VCE is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.9: resistance_and_conductance_calculation_of_CC_configuration.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex6_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"ic = 2*10^-3\n",
+"ie = ic// as base current is negligble\n",
+"VT = 25*10^-3\n",
+"re = VT/ie\n",
+"gm = ie/VT\n",
+"disp('ic = '+string(ic)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"disp('ie = '+string(ie)+'A')//emitter current with negligble base current\n",
+"disp('VT = '+string(VT)+'V')//voltage at room temperature\n",
+"disp('re = VT/ie = '+string(re)+'ohm')//emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('gm = ie/VT = '+string(gm)+'mho')//conductance\n",
+"rc = 100*10^3//slope of output characteristics\n",
+"disp('rc = '+string(rc)+'ohm')\n",
+"hoe = 1/rc\n",
+"disp('hoe = 1/rc = '+string(hoe)+'Mho')//output conductance"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/7-Transistor_Biasing_and_Stabilization_Techniques.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/7-Transistor_Biasing_and_Stabilization_Techniques.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3ddc6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/7-Transistor_Biasing_and_Stabilization_Techniques.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 7: Transistor Biasing and Stabilization Techniques"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.10: Stability_factor_of_self_bias_circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"delta_IC = 0.01*10^-3\n",
+"delta_beta = 5\n",
+"disp('delta_IC = '+string(delta_IC)+'A')//change of collector current\n",
+"disp('delta_beta = '+string(delta_beta)+'A')//change in current gain\n",
+"disp('S'''' = delta_IC/delta_beta = '+string(delta_IC/delta_beta))//stability"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.11: Thermal_resistance_of_transistor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"TA = 30\n",
+"TJ = 48\n",
+"PD = 4\n",
+"TR = (TJ - TA)/PD\n",
+"disp('TA = '+string(TA)+'degreeC')//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated\n",
+"disp('TJ = '+string(TJ)+'degreeC')//junction temperature\n",
+"disp('PD = '+string(PD)+'W')//dissipated power\n",
+"disp('TR = (TJ - TA)/PD = '+string(TR)+'degreeC/W')//termal resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.12: power_dissipation_of_transistor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_12\n",
+"clc\n",
+"TA = 28\n",
+"TJ = 50\n",
+"TR = 10\n",
+"PD = (TJ - TA)/TR\n",
+"disp('TA = '+string(TA)+'degreeC')//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated\n",
+"disp('TJ = '+string(TJ)+'degreeC')//junction temperature\n",
+"disp('TR = '+string(TR)+'degreeC/W')//termal resistance\n",
+"disp('PD = (TJ - TA)/TR = '+string(PD)+'W')//dissipated power"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.1: Emitter_Resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Ie = 6.0*10^-3\n",
+"Ve = 1.1\n",
+"Re = Ve/Ie\n",
+"disp('Ie = '+string(Ie)+'A')//current flowing in emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('Ve = '+string(Ve)+'V')//voltage drop across emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('Re = '+string(Re)+'ohm')//emitter resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.2: Thermal_resistance_of_transistor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"TA = 30\n",
+"TJ = 48\n",
+"PD = 4\n",
+"TR = (TJ - TA)/PD\n",
+"disp('TA = '+string(TA)+'degreeC')//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated\n",
+"disp('TJ = '+string(TJ)+'degreeC')//junction temperature\n",
+"disp('PD = '+string(PD)+'W')//dissipated power\n",
+"disp('TR = (TJ - TA)/PD = '+string(TR)+'degreeC/W')//termal resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.3: power_dissipation_of_transistor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"TA = 28\n",
+"TJ = 50\n",
+"TR = 10\n",
+"PD = (TJ - TA)/TR\n",
+"disp('TA = '+string(TA)+'degreeC')//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated\n",
+"disp('TJ = '+string(TJ)+'degreeC')//junction temperature\n",
+"disp('TR = '+string(TR)+'degreeC/W')//termal resistance\n",
+"disp('PD = (TJ - TA)/TR = '+string(PD)+'W')//dissipated power"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.4: Q_point_in_fixed_bias_circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RC = 4*10^3\n",
+"RB = 1.2*10^6\n",
+"VCC = 9\n",
+"VBE = .2\n",
+"beta = 80\n",
+"disp('RC = '+string(RC)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"disp('RB = '+string(RB)+'ohm')//base resistance\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//voltage across base and emittter\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB\n",
+"disp('IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IC = beta*IB = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"VCE = VCC - (IC*RC)\n",
+"disp('VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) = '+string(VCE)+'V')//collector-emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('The Q-point is('+string(VCE)+'V, '+string(IC)+'A)')//Q-point in fixed bias circuit"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.5: claculate_base_resistance_to_obtain_optimum_operatin_point.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VBE = 0.6\n",
+"beta = 100\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//voltage across base and emitter\n",
+"//according to given circuit;\n",
+"VCC = 12\n",
+"RC = 5*10^3\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('RC = '+string(RC)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"// optimum operating point is half of (VCC/RC)\n",
+"IC = (1/2)*(VCC/RC)\n",
+"disp('IC = VCC/(2*RC) = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current at optimum operating point\n",
+"IB = IC/beta\n",
+"disp('IB = IC/beta = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"//from the closed circuit in the given fig., we have\n",
+"disp('IB*RB = VCC - VBE')\n",
+"RB = (VCC - VBE)/IB \n",
+"disp('RB = (VCC - VBE)/IB = '+string(RB)+'ohm')//veriable resistance across base-collector as given in circuit\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.6: Q_point_for_voltage_divider_base_bias_circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RC = 2*10^3\n",
+"beta = 100\n",
+"VCC = 9\n",
+"RB = 500*10^3\n",
+"VBE = 0.6\n",
+"disp('RC = '+string(RC)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('RB = '+string(RB)+'ohm')//base resistance\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//base-emitter voltage\n",
+"IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB\n",
+"disp('IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB = '+string(IB)+'Amp')//base current\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IC = beta*IB = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"VCE = VCC - IC*RC\n",
+"disp('VCE = VCC - IC*RC = '+string(VCE)+'V')//collector-emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('operating point is('+string(VCE)+'V, '+string(IC)+'A)')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.7: Q_point_for_self_bias_circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 12\n",
+"RB = 300*10^3\n",
+"RC = 1.5*10^3\n",
+"Re = 2*10^3\n",
+"beta = 100\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('RB = '+string(RB)+'ohm')//base resistance\n",
+"disp('RC = '+string(RC)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"disp('Re = '+string(Re)+'ohm')//emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"IB = VCC/(RB + beta*Re)\n",
+"disp('IB = VCC/(RB + beta*Re) = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IC = beta*IB = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"IE = IB + IC\n",
+"disp('IE = IB + IC = '+string(IE)+'A')//emitter current\n",
+"VCE = VCC - IC*RC - IE*Re\n",
+"disp('VCE = VCC - IC*RC - IE*Re = '+string(VCE)+'V')//collector-emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('quiescent point is('+string(VCE)+'V, '+string(IC)+'A)')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.8: Operating_point_and_stability_factor_of_silicon_transistor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VCC = 9\n",
+"RC = 3*10^3\n",
+"RB = 500*10^3\n",
+"beta = 100\n",
+"VBE = 0.7\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('RC = '+string(RC)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"disp('RB = '+string(RB)+'ohm')//base resistance\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//emitter-base voltage\n",
+"//for a Fixed Bais Circuit;\n",
+"IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB\n",
+"disp('IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB  = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IC = beta*IB = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"VCE = VCC - IC*RC\n",
+"disp('VCE = VCC - IC*RC = '+string(VCE)+'V')//collector-emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('operating point is('+string(VCE)+'V, '+string(IC)+'A)')\n",
+"S = 1+beta\n",
+"disp('S = 1 + beta = '+string(S))//stability factor\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// NOTE : in the textbook author has taken beta = 100 for calculation \n",
+"//        but has mention beta = 50 in Question\n",
+"//        I am working with beta = 100."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.9: Operating_point_and_stability_factor_of_self_bias_circuit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex7_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"R1 = 80*10^3\n",
+"R2 = 25*10^3\n",
+"Re = 2*10^3\n",
+"Rc = 2*10^3\n",
+"beta = 100\n",
+"VCC = 12\n",
+"VBE = 0.7\n",
+"disp('R1 = '+string(R1)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('R2 = '+string(R2)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('Re = '+string(Re)+'ohm')//emitter resistance\n",
+"disp('Rc = '+string(Rc)+'ohm')//collector resistance\n",
+"disp('beta = '+string(beta))//current gain\n",
+"disp('VCC = '+string(VCC)+'V')//collector supply voltage\n",
+"disp('VBE = '+string(VBE)+'V')//base-emitter voltage\n",
+"Rb = R1*R2/(R1+R2)\n",
+"disp('Rb = R1*R2/(R1+R2) = '+string(Rb)+'ohm')//base resistance\n",
+"VB = VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))\n",
+"disp('VB = VCC(R2/(R1+R2)) = '+string(VB)+'V')//base voltage\n",
+"IB = (VB - VBE)/(Rb*(1+((1+beta)*(Re/Rb))))\n",
+"disp('IB = (VB - VBE)/(Rb*(1+((1+beta)*(Re/Rb))))')\n",
+"disp('   = '+string(IB)+'A')//base current\n",
+"IC = beta*IB\n",
+"disp('IC = beta*IB = '+string(IC)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"IE = IC\n",
+"VCE = VCC - IC*Rc - IE*Re\n",
+"disp('VCE = VCC - IC*Rc - IE*Re = '+string(VCE)+'V')//collector-emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('operating point is('+string(VCE)+'V, '+string(IC)+'A)')\n",
+"S = (1+beta)*[(1+Rb/Re)/(1+beta+Rb/Re)]\n",
+"disp('S = (1+beta)*[(1+Rb/Re)*(1+beta+Rb/Re)] = '+string(S))\n",
+"disp('S'' = -(beta/Re)/(1+beta+Rb/Re) = '+string((-beta/Re)/(1+beta+Rb/Re)))"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/8-Analysis_of_transistor_Amplifier_using_Hybrid_Equivalent_Circuit.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/8-Analysis_of_transistor_Amplifier_using_Hybrid_Equivalent_Circuit.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ba078a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/8-Analysis_of_transistor_Amplifier_using_Hybrid_Equivalent_Circuit.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: Analysis of transistor Amplifier using Hybrid Equivalent Circuit"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.10: current_gain_of_CE_amplifier.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av = -200\n",
+"Ri = 10*10^3\n",
+"RL = 3*10^3\n",
+"Ai = Av*Ri/RL\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))//voltage gain\n",
+"disp('Ri = '+string(Ri)+'ohm')//input resistance\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Ai = Av*Ri/RL = '+string(Ai))//current gain\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : there are mis-printring in the textbook for the above problem regading formula and notations.\n",
+"//        answer in the textbook for above problem is wrong."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.11: Input_resistance_of_CE_amplifier.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_11\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Av = -250\n",
+"Ai = -50\n",
+"RL = 12*10^3\n",
+"disp('Av = '+string(Av))//voltage gain\n",
+"disp('Ai = '+string(Ai))//current gain\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"Ri = Ai*RL/Av\n",
+"disp('Ri = Ai*RL/Av = '+string(Ri)+'ohm')//input resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1: Calculating_h_parameters.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('(a)')\n",
+"Vce=0\n",
+"Ic=2*10^-3\n",
+"Ib=30*10^-6\n",
+"Vbe=50*10^-3\n",
+"disp('Vce = '+string(Vce)+'V')//collector-emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('Ic = '+string(Ic)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"disp('Ib = '+string(Ib)+'A')//base current\n",
+"disp('Vbe = '+string(Vbe)+'V')//base-emitter voltage\n",
+"hfe=Ic/Ib\n",
+"disp('hfe = Ic/Ib = '+string(hfe))//current gain in CE amplifier\n",
+"hie=Vbe/Ib\n",
+"disp('hie = Vbe/Ib = '+string(hie)+'ohm')//input impedance in CE amplifier\n",
+"disp('(b)')\n",
+"Ib=0\n",
+"Vce=1\n",
+"Vbe=0.3*10^-3\n",
+"Ic=0.1*10^-3\n",
+"disp('Vce = '+string(Vce)+'V')//collector-emitter voltage\n",
+"disp('Ic = '+string(Ic)+'A')//collector current\n",
+"disp('Ib = '+string(Ib)+'A')//base current\n",
+"disp('Vbe = '+string(Vbe)+'V')//base-emitter voltage\n",
+"hoe=Ic/Vce\n",
+"disp('hoe = Ic/Vce = '+string(hoe)+'mho')//output conductance in CE amplifier\n",
+"hre=Vbe/Vce\n",
+"disp('hre = Vbe/Vce = '+string(hre))//voltage gain in CE amplifier\n",
+"\n",
+"// note: textbook answers has printing mistake, regaeding hre."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2: current_gain_and_input_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RL = 8*10^3\n",
+"hie=1.0*10^3\n",
+"hre=2.5*10^-4\n",
+"hfe=50\n",
+"hoe=25*10^-6\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:\n",
+"disp('hie = '+string(hie)+'ohm')//input resistance of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hre = '+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hfe = '+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hoe = '+string(hoe)+'mho')//output conductance of CE transistor\n",
+"//calculation for current gain:\n",
+"Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))\n",
+"disp('Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = '+string(Ai))\n",
+"disp('Ai = '+string(abs(Ai)))\n",
+"//calculation for input resistance:\n",
+"Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)\n",
+"disp('Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = '+string(Ri)+'ohm')\n",
+"\n",
+"//note : answer in the textbook regarding above problem is not accuratly calculated."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3: current_and_voltage_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RL = 8*10^3\n",
+"Rs= 500\n",
+"hie=1.0*10^3\n",
+"hre=2.5*10^-4\n",
+"hfe=50\n",
+"hoe=25*10^-6\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Rs = '+string(Rs)+'ohm')//source resistance\n",
+"//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:\n",
+"disp('hie = '+string(hie)+'ohm')//input resistance of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hre = '+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hfe = '+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hoe = '+string(hoe)+'mho')//output conductance of CE transistor\n",
+"\n",
+"Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))\n",
+"disp('Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = '+string(Ai))//calculation for current gain\n",
+"\n",
+"Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)\n",
+"disp('Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = '+string(Ri)+'ohm')//calculation for input resistance\n",
+"\n",
+"Ais=(Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)\n",
+"disp('Ais = (Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)= '+string(Ais))//current gain with source resistance\n",
+"\n",
+"Avs = Ai*RL/Ri\n",
+"disp('Avs = Ai*RL/Ri = '+string(Avs))//voltage gain with source resistance\n",
+"\n",
+"//note : in the textbook above problem has given two values for hie BUT no value for hfe ... \n",
+"//       thus assuming hie=50 as hfe =50, as given in the previous example 8_2\n",
+"\n",
+"//note : answer in the textbook is not accuratly calculated."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4: current_and_voltage_gain_and_input_and_output_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RL=5*10^3\n",
+"Rs=1.2*10^3\n",
+"hre=2.5*10^-4\n",
+"hie=1.1*10^3\n",
+"hfe=100\n",
+"hoe=25*10^-6\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Rs = '+string(Rs)+'ohm')//source resistance\n",
+"//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:\n",
+"disp('hie = '+string(hie)+'ohm')//input resistance of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hre = '+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hfe = '+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hoe = '+string(hoe)+'mho')//output conductance of CE transistor\n",
+"//calculation for current gain:\n",
+"Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))\n",
+"disp('Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = '+string(abs(Ai)))\n",
+"//calculation for input resistance:\n",
+"Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)\n",
+"disp('Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = '+string(Ri)+'ohm')\n",
+"//calculation for voltage gain:\n",
+"Av = Ai*RL/Ri\n",
+"disp('Av = Ai*RL/Ri = '+string(Av))\n",
+"//calculation for output resistance:\n",
+"Go=hoe-((hre*hfe)/(hie+Rs))\n",
+"Ro = 1/Go\n",
+"disp('Ro = 1/Go')\n",
+"disp('Go = hoe-((hre*hfe)/(hie+Rs)) = '+string(Go)+'mho')\n",
+"disp('Ro = '+string(Ro)+'ohm')\n",
+"\n",
+"//note : in the textbook, above problem has given two values for 'hfe' and no value for 'hre'... \n",
+"//        thus assuming value for 'hre = 2.5*10^-4' as taken in previous example 8_2\n",
+"//        and 'hfe=100' \n",
+"\n",
+"//note : in text LOAD RESISTANCE is noted as Rc in question, but RL in solution.\n",
+"//       I have work with Load Resistance with notification RL."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.5: Amplifier_current_gain.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RL = 22*10^3\n",
+"hfb=-0.98\n",
+"hob=7.6*10^-7\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('hfb = '+string(hfb))//forward current gain in CB amplifier\n",
+"disp('hob = '+string(hob)+'mho')//output conductance in CB amplifier\n",
+"Ai = -hfb/(1+(hob*RL))\n",
+"disp('Ai = -hfb/(1+(hob*RL)) = '+string(Ai))//current gain\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.6: voltage_gain_of_CE_amplifier.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"hfb = -0.999\n",
+"hib = 50\n",
+"hob = 0.82*10^-6\n",
+"hrb = 4*10^-6\n",
+"RL = 22*10^3\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load impedence\n",
+"//h-parameters for CB transistor amplifier are as follows:\n",
+"disp('hib = '+string(hib)+'ohm')//input resistance of CB transistor\n",
+"disp('hrb = '+string(hrb))//voltage gain of CB transistor\n",
+"disp('hfb = '+string(hfb))//current gain of CB transistor\n",
+"disp('hob = '+string(hob)+'mho')//output conductance of CB transistor\n",
+"Av = -(hfb*RL)/((RL*(hib*hob-hfb*hrb))+hib)\n",
+"disp('Av = -(hfb*RL)/((RL*(hib*hob-hfb*hrb))+hib) = '+string(Av))//voltage gain\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"//note : answer provided in the textbook is not precised."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.7: current_and_voltage_gain_and_input_and_output_resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"RL = 1.2*10^3\n",
+"//assuming Rs = RL as given in problem\n",
+"Rs = RL\n",
+"//assuming values for h-parameters\n",
+"hie = 1.0*10^3\n",
+"hre=2.5*10^-4\n",
+"hfe = 50\n",
+"hoe = 25*10^-6\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"disp('Rs = RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//source resistance\n",
+"//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:\n",
+"disp('hie = '+string(hie)+'ohm')//input resistance of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hre = '+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hfe = '+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor\n",
+"disp('hoe = '+string(hoe)+'mho')//output conductance of CE transistor\n",
+"//calculation for current gain:\n",
+"Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))\n",
+"disp('Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = '+string(Ai))\n",
+"//calculation for input impedence:\n",
+"Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)\n",
+"disp('Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = '+string(Ri)+'ohm')\n",
+"//calculation for voltage gain:\n",
+"disp('Av = Ai*RL/Ri')\n",
+"Av = Ai*RL/Ri\n",
+"disp('   = '+string(Av))\n",
+"//calculation for output impedence:\n",
+"Ro = 1/((hoe - (hfe*hre)/(hie+Rs)))\n",
+"disp('Ro = 1/((hoe - (hfe*hre)/(hie+Rs)))')\n",
+"disp('     = '+string(Ro)+'ohm')\n",
+"//current gain with source impedence:\n",
+"Ais=(Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)\n",
+"disp('Ais = (Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)= '+string(Ais))\n",
+"//voltage gain with source impedence:\n",
+"Avs = Av*Ri/(Ri+Rs)\n",
+"disp('Avs = Av*Ri/(Ri+Rs) = '+string(Avs))\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// NOTE : calculation in the textbook for the above problem is wrong.\n",
+"//        while calculating Ri author has use 'hie = 1.2*10^3' instead of ASSUMED9 value i.e., 'hie = 1.0*10^3'   "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.8: load_resistance_of_CE_transistor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Ai = -60\n",
+"hfe = 100\n",
+"hoe = 10*10^-6\n",
+"disp('hfe = '+string(hfe))//forward current gain\n",
+"disp('hoe = '+string(hoe)+'A/V')//output conductance\n",
+"disp('Ai = '+string(Ai))//current gain\n",
+"disp('But, ...\n",
+"Ai = -hfe/(1+ hoe*RL)')\n",
+"RL = -(1/hoe)*(1+(hfe/Ai))\n",
+"disp('Thus,...\n",
+"RL = -(1/hoe)*(1+(hfe/Ai)) = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.9: voltage_gain_of_CE_amplifier.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex8_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Ai = -60\n",
+"Ri = 2.0*10^3\n",
+"RL = 15*10^3\n",
+"disp('Ai = '+string(Ai))//current gain\n",
+"disp('Ri = '+string(Ri)+'ohm')//input resistance\n",
+"disp('RL = '+string(RL)+'ohm')//load resistance\n",
+"Av = Ai*RL/Ri\n",
+"disp('Av = Ai*RL/Ri = '+string(Av))//voltage gain\n",
+"\n",
+"//note : in textbook,\n",
+"//       author notify LOAD RESISTANCE as 'Rc' in question BUT 'RL' in solution.\n",
+"//       I have work with 'load resistance notified as RL'."
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/9-Field_Effect_Transistor.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/9-Field_Effect_Transistor.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db0d0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronics_Devices_and_Circuits_by_G_S_N_Raju/9-Field_Effect_Transistor.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 9: Field Effect Transistor"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.10: Drain_Current_and_Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_10\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VGS = -2//voltage across gate and source\n",
+"IDSS = 8*10^-3//maximum drain current\n",
+"Vp = -6//pinch-off voltage\n",
+"disp('IDSS = '+string(IDSS)+'A')\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VGS = '+string(VGS)+'V')\n",
+"ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2\n",
+"disp('ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2 = '+string(ID)+'A')//drainm current\n",
+"RD = 2*10^3//drain resistance\n",
+"VDD = 12//drain voltage\n",
+"VDS = VDD - ID*RD\n",
+"disp('VDD = '+string(VDD)+'V')//drain voltage\n",
+"disp('RD = '+string(RD)+'ohm')//drain resistance\n",
+"disp('VDS = VDD - ID*RD = '+string(VDS)+'V')//voltage across drain and source\n",
+"\n",
+"// note : notification used for saturated drain-soucre current is given wrong in question i.e., IDS but is right in solution i.e., IDSS."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.1: Pinch_off_Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_1\n",
+"clc\n",
+"h = 5*10^-4      //channel height in centimeters\n",
+"a= (1/2)*h       //channel width in centimeters\n",
+"rho = 10         //resistivity in ohm_cm\n",
+"sigma = 1/rho    //conductivity in mho/cm\n",
+"micro_p = 500      //mobility in cm_sq/Vs\n",
+"apsilent_r = 12  //relative permiability in F/cm of silicon\n",
+"apsilent_not=8.854*10^-14  //permiability in vaccum in F/cm\n",
+"disp('a = '+string(a)+'cm')\n",
+"disp('sigma = '+string(sigma)+'mho/cm')\n",
+"disp('micro_p = '+string(micro_p)+'cm-sq/Vs')\n",
+"disp('apsilent_r = '+string(apsilent_r)+'F/cm')\n",
+"Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent_r*apsilent_not*micro_p) // pinch off voltage for silicon p channel FET\n",
+"disp('Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent_r*apsilent_not*micro_p)')\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.2: Impedance_and_amplification_factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_2\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//calculating for conductance:\n",
+"delta_ID = (4*10^-3)-(2*10^-3)//change in drain current in amperes\n",
+"delta_VGS = 3-2//chande in gate-source voltage in volts\n",
+"disp('delta_ID = '+string(delta_ID)+'A')\n",
+"disp('delta_VGS = '+string(delta_VGS)+'V')\n",
+"gm = delta_ID/delta_VGS//condutance at VDS = constant\n",
+"disp('gm = delta_ID/delta_VGS')\n",
+"disp('gm = '+string(gm)+' mho')\n",
+"//calculating for drain resistance:\n",
+"delta_ID = (3.2-3)*10^-3//change in drain current in amperes\n",
+"delta_VDS = (12-8)//change in voltage across drai and source\n",
+"disp('delta_ID = '+string(delta_ID)+'A')\n",
+"disp('delta_VDS = '+string(delta_VDS)+'V')\n",
+"rd = delta_VDS/delta_ID\n",
+"disp('rd = delta_VDS/delta_ID')\n",
+"disp('rd = '+string(rd)+' ohm')\n",
+"//calculating for micro:\n",
+"micro  = rd*gm//amplification factor\n",
+"disp('micro = rd*gm')\n",
+"disp('micro = '+string(micro))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.3: pinch_off_voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_3\n",
+"clc\n",
+"disp('Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent*micro_p)')//piunch off voltage\n",
+"h = 2*10^-4      //channel height in centimeters\n",
+"a= h/2       //channel width in centimeters\n",
+"rho = 1         //resistivity in ohm_cm\n",
+"sigma = 1/rho    //conductivity in mho/cm\n",
+"micro_p = 1800      //mobility in cm_sq/Vs\n",
+"apsilent_r = 16  //relative permiability in F/cm of germanium\n",
+"apsilent_not=8.854*10^-14  //permiability in vaccum in F/cm\n",
+"disp('a = '+string(a)+'cm')\n",
+"disp('rho = '+string(rho)+'ohm-cm')\n",
+"disp('sigma = '+string(sigma)+'mho/cm')\n",
+"disp('micro = '+string(micro_p)+'cm_sq/Vs')\n",
+"disp('apsilent_r = '+string(apsilent_r)+'F/cm')\n",
+"disp('apsilent_not = '+string(apsilent_not)+'F/cm')\n",
+"Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent_r*apsilent_not*micro_p) // pinch off voltage for germanium p_channel FET\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.4: Conductance_and_Resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_4\n",
+"clc\n",
+"gm1= 2*10^-3; gm2 =4*10^-3//conductance\n",
+"disp('gm1 = '+string(gm1)+'mho')\n",
+"disp('gm2 = '+string(gm2)+'mho')\n",
+"Effective_gm = gm1+gm2\n",
+"disp('Effective gm = gm1 + gm2 = '+string(Effective_gm)+'mho')//resulant conductance\n",
+"rd1 = 20*10^3; rd2 = 30*10^3//resistances\n",
+"Effective_rd = (rd1*rd2)/(rd1+rd2)\n",
+"disp('rd1 = '+string(rd1)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('rd2 = '+string(rd2)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('Effective rd = (rd1*rd2)/(rd1+rd2) = '+string(Effective_rd)+'ohm')//resulant resistance\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.5: Resistance.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_5\n",
+"clc\n",
+"VGS = 4// voltage applied to gate terminal\n",
+"IG = 2*10^-9//current flowing in gate\n",
+"RGS = VGS/IG\n",
+"disp('VGs = '+string(VGS)+'V')\n",
+"disp('IG = '+string(IG)+'A')\n",
+"disp('RGS = VGS/IG = '+string(RGS)+'ohm')//resistance brtween gate and source"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.6: Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_6\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vp = -4//pinch off voltage\n",
+"ID = 4*10^-3//drain current\n",
+"IDSS = 6*10^-3//maximum drain current\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')\n",
+"disp('ID = '+string(ID)+'A')\n",
+"disp('IDSS = '+string(IDSS)+'A')\n",
+"VGS = abs(Vp)*((ID/IDSS)^.5-1)\n",
+"disp('VGS = Vp*((ID/IDSS)^.5-1) = '+string(VGS)+'V')//voltage across gate and source\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.7: Amplification_Factor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_7\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//parameters of JFET 1:\n",
+"rd1 = 20*10^3//resistance\n",
+"gm1 = 3*10^-3//conductance\n",
+"disp('rd1 = '+string(rd1)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('gm1 = '+string(gm1)+'mho')\n",
+"//parameters of JFET 2:\n",
+"rd2 = 40*10^3//resistance\n",
+"gm2 = 4*10^-3//conductance\n",
+"disp('rd2 = '+string(rd2)+'ohm')\n",
+"disp('gm2 = '+string(gm2)+'mho')\n",
+"//the given JFETs are connected in parallel manner\n",
+"micro = [(rd1*rd2*gm1)+(rd1*rd2*gm2)]/(rd1+rd2)\n",
+"disp('micro = (rd1*rd2*gm1)+(rd1*rd2*gm2)/(rd1+rd2) = '+string(micro))//amplification factor"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.8: Current_and_Voltage.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_8\n",
+"clc\n",
+"//according to the given figure in the textbook for problem 8 in chapter 9:\n",
+"VGS = -2//voltage across gate and source\n",
+"IDSS = 6*10^-3//maximum drain current\n",
+"Vp = -6//pinch-off voltage\n",
+"disp('IDSS = '+string(IDSS)+'A')\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VGS = '+string(VGS)+'V')\n",
+"ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2\n",
+"disp('ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2 = '+string(ID)+'A')//drainm current\n",
+"Rd = 2*10^3//drain resistance\n",
+"VDD = 9//drain voltage\n",
+"VDS = VDD - ID*Rd\n",
+"disp('VDD = '+string(VDD)+'V')//drain voltage\n",
+"disp('Rd = '+string(Rd)+'ohm')//drain resistance\n",
+"disp('VDS = VDD - ID*Rd = '+string(VDS)+'V')//voltage across drain and source"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.9: Drain_Voltage_and_Current.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Ex9_9\n",
+"clc\n",
+"Vp = -4//pinch off voltage\n",
+"VGS = -1.5//gate source voltage\n",
+"VDS_minimum = VGS - Vp//minimum VDS for Pinch Off voltage\n",
+"disp('Vp = '+string(Vp)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VGS = '+string(VGS)+'V')\n",
+"disp('VDS_minimum = VGS - Vp = '+string(VDS_minimum)+'V')\n",
+"IDSS = 6*10^-3//maximum drain current\n",
+"ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2//drain current at VGS = 0V\n",
+"disp('IDSS = '+string(IDSS)+'A')\n",
+"disp('ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2 = '+string(ID)+'A')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}