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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 4: Noise"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.11_1: example_5.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 135\n",
+"// prob no 4_11_1\n",
+"//An amplifier is given\n",
+"Rn=300;//Equivalent noise resistance\n",
+"Ieq=5*10^-6;//Equivalent noise current is 5 uA\n",
+"Rs=150;//Amplifier fed from 150 ohm,10 uV rms sinusoidal source\n",
+"Vs=10*10^-6;\n",
+"Bn=10*10^6;//Noise BW is 10 MHz\n",
+"//Assume the following\n",
+"kT=4*10^-21;//k is Boltzman constant in J/K & T is room temp\n",
+"q=1.6*10^-19;//Charge on electron in coulombs\n",
+"//Determination of shot noise current\n",
+"Ina=(2*q*Ieq*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('nA',Ina*(10^9)','The value of shot noise current Ina is ');\n",
+"//Noise voltage developed by this across source resistance is \n",
+"V=Ina*Rs;\n",
+"disp('uV',Vs*(10^6)','The value of noise voltage across Rs is ');\n",
+"//Noise voltage developed across Rn resistance is\n",
+"Vna=(4*Rn*kT*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',Vna*(10^6)','The value of noise voltage across Rn is ');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage from source \n",
+"Vns=(4*Rs*kT*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',Vns*(10^6)','The value of thermal noise voltage at Rs is');\n",
+"//Determination of total noise voltage at input\n",
+"Vn=(((V)^2)+((Vna)^2)+((Vns)^2))^(1/2)\n",
+"disp('uV',Vn*(10^6)','The value of total noise voltage Vn is ');\n",
+"//Determination of signal to noise ratio in dB\n",
+"SNR=20*(log10(Vs/Vn));\n",
+"disp('dB',SNR,'The value of signal to noise ratio is ');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.12_1: example_6.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 136\n",
+"// prob no 4_12_1\n",
+"//As shown in fig 4.12.1\n",
+"//Three identical links are given with for 1 link is SNR=60 dB\n",
+"SNR1=60;\n",
+"l=3;\n",
+"//Determination of output signal to noise ratio\n",
+"SNR=(SNR1)-10*log10(l);\n",
+"disp('dB',SNR,'The value of output signal to noise ratio is ');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.12_2: example_7.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 137\n",
+"// prob no 4_12_2\n",
+"//SNR for three links is given in which Ist two have SNR 60 db & IInd 40 dB\n",
+"SNRdB(1)=60;//SNR is 60 dB for Ist link\n",
+"SNRdB(2)=60;//SNR is 60 dB for IInd link\n",
+"SNRdB(3)=40;//SNR is 40 dB for IIIrd link\n",
+"//Determination of power in watt\n",
+"for i=1:3\n",
+"snr(i)=10^(-SNRdB(i)/10);\n",
+"end;\n",
+"//Determination of overall SNR\n",
+"for i=1:3\n",
+"SNR=snr(i);\n",
+"end;\n",
+"//Determination of total SNR in dB \n",
+"SNRdB=10*(-log10(SNR));\n",
+"disp('dB',SNRdB,'The value of output signal to noise ratio is ');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.13_1: example_8.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 139\n",
+"// prob no 4_13_1\n",
+"//Noise fig. of an amplifier is 7 dB with input SNR=35 dB\n",
+"SNRin=35;//SNR at i/p of amplifier\n",
+"F=7;//Noise figure of an amplifier\n",
+"//Determination of output SNR\n",
+"SNRout=SNRin-F;\n",
+"disp('dB',SNRout,'The value of output signal to noise ratio is ');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.14_1: example_9.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 140\n",
+"// prob no 4_14_1\n",
+"//Noise fig. of an amplifier is 13 dB with BW=1MHz\n",
+"f=13;//Noise figure of an amplifier\n",
+"Bn=1*10^6;\n",
+"kT=4*10^-21;//k is Boltzman constant in J/K & T is room temp\n",
+"F=10^(f/10);\n",
+"//Determination of equivalent amplifier input noise\n",
+"Pna=(F-1)*kT*Bn;\n",
+"disp('pW',Pna*10^12,'The value of input noise is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.15_1: example_10.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 141\n",
+"// prob no 4_15_1\n",
+"//mixer with noise fig. 20dB preceded by amplifier with noise fig. 9dB is given\n",
+"f1=9;//Noise fig for amplifier\n",
+"f2=20;//Noise fig for mixer\n",
+"g=15;//power gain\n",
+"//Converting dB in power ratio\n",
+"F1=10^(f1/10);\n",
+"F2=10^(f2/10);\n",
+"G=10^(g/10);\n",
+"//Determination of overall noise fig. reffered at i/p\n",
+"F=F1+(F2-1)/G;\n",
+"//converting in dB\n",
+"FdB=10*log10(F);\n",
+"disp('dB',FdB,'The overall noise fig is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.17_1: example_11.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 143\n",
+"// prob no 4_17_1\n",
+"//An attenuator is given with insertion loss of 6 dB\n",
+"//Noise fig is equivalent to insertion loss\n",
+"F=6;//Noise fig.=6 dB\n",
+"//Determination of noise factor\n",
+"Fn=10^(6/10);\n",
+"disp(Fn,'The value of noise factor is '); "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.18_1: example_12.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 144\n",
+"// prob no 4_18_1\n",
+"//A receiver with noise fig. 12dB fed by low noise amplr with gain  50 dB with noise temp of 90 k\n",
+"f=12;\n",
+"Tm=290;//Room temp value \n",
+"T=90;\n",
+"g=50;\n",
+"//calculating power ratio\n",
+"F=10^(f/10);\n",
+"G=10^(g/10);\n",
+"//Determination of equivalent noise at room temp\n",
+"Tem=(F-1)*Tm;\n",
+"disp('K',Tem,'The value of equivalent noise at room temp is');\n",
+"//Determination of equivalent noise at 90 k temp\n",
+"Te=T+(Tem/G);\n",
+"disp('K',Te,'The value of equivalent noise at noise temp=90 is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.19_1: example_13.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 146\n",
+"// prob no 4_19_1\n",
+"//An avalanche diode source is given with excess noise ratio is 14 dB\n",
+"enr=14;\n",
+"To=290;//Room temp in K\n",
+"y=9;//Y-factor  is 9 dB\n",
+"//converting dB in power ratio\n",
+"ENR=10^(enr/10);\n",
+"Y=10^(y/10);\n",
+"//From def of ENR the hot temp is\n",
+"Th=To*(ENR+1);\n",
+"disp('K',Th,'The value of hot temp Th is '); \n",
+"//Determination of equivalent noise temp\n",
+"Te=(Th-(Y*To))/(Y-1);\n",
+"disp('K',Te,'The value of equivalent noise temp Te is '); "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.2_1: example_1.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 120\n",
+"// prob no 4_2_1\n",
+"//Resistor at room temp T=290 K with BW=1MHz and R=50 ohm\n",
+"T=290\n",
+"BW=1*10^6// Noise bandwidth in hertz\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23 //Boltzman constant in J/K\n",
+"R=50\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise power Pn\n",
+"Pn=k*T*BW;\n",
+"disp('W',Pn,+'The value of thernal noise power is');\n",
+"//Determination of RMS noise voltage\n",
+"En=(4*R*k*T*BW)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En*(10^6),+'The value of RMS noise voltage is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.2_2: example_2.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 122\n",
+"// prob no 4_2_2\n",
+"//Two resistor at room temp are given with BW=100KHz\n",
+"R1=20000\n",
+"R2=50000\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23 //Boltzman constant in J/K\n",
+"T=290\n",
+"BW=100*10^3\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 20Kohm resistor\n",
+"En1=(4*R1*k*T*BW)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En1*(10^6),+'a)i)The value of RMS noise voltage is');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 50 kohm resistor\n",
+"En2=En1*(R2/R1)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En2*(10^6),+'a)ii)The value of RMS noise voltage is');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 20K & 50k resistor in series \n",
+"Rser=R1+R2// Series combination of R1 & R2\n",
+"En3=En1*(Rser/R1)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En3*(10^6),+'b)The value of RMS noise voltage is');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 20K & 50k resistor in parellel\n",
+"Rpar=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)// parallel combination of R1 & R2\n",
+"En4=En1*(Rpar/R1)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En4*(10^6),+'c)The value of RMS noise voltage is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.2_3: example_3.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 128\n",
+"// prob no 4_2_3\n",
+"//Parallel tuned ckt tuned at resonant freq f=120 MHz\n",
+"f=120*10^6;\n",
+"c=25*10^-12;//capacitance of 12 pF\n",
+"Q=30;//Q-factor of the ckt is 30\n",
+"BW=10*10^3;//cahnnel BW of the receiver is 10 KHz\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23 //Boltzman constant in J/K\n",
+"T=290;//Room temp\n",
+"//Determination of effective noise voltage Rd apearing at i/p at room temp\n",
+" Rd=Q/(2*%pi*f*c);\n",
+" disp('kohm',Rd/1000,'The value of Rd is ');\n",
+" Vn=(4*Rd*k*T*BW)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',Vn*(10^6),'The value of effective noise voltage is');"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.3_1: example_4.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 131\n",
+"// prob no 4_3_1\n",
+"//Direct current of 1 mA flowing across semiconductor junctn\n",
+"Idc=10^-3;\n",
+"Bn=10^6;//Effective noise BW=1 MHz\n",
+"q=1.6*10^-19;//Charge on electron in coulombs\n",
+"//Determination of noise component current In in DC current of Idc=1 mA\n",
+"In=(2*Idc*q*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('nA',In*(10^9)','The value of noise current In is ')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}