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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 4: Lasers"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.6_1: find_the_number_of_emitted_photons.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-4,Example4_6_1,pg 4-7\n",
+"\n",
+"P=3.147*10^-3                              //output power \n",
+"\n",
+"t=60                                       //time\n",
+"\n",
+"wavelength=632.8*10^-9                            //wavelength of He-Ne laser\n",
+"\n",
+"h=6.63*10^-34                              //Plancks constant\n",
+"\n",
+"c=3*10^8                                   //velocity of light in air\n",
+"\n",
+"N=P*t*wavelength/(h*c)                            //No. of photons emitted \n",
+"\n",
+"printf('\nNo. of photons emitted each minute\n')\n",
+"\n",
+"disp(N)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.6_2: find_the_ratio_of_population_of_two_energy_levels.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-4,Example4_6_2,pg 4-7\n",
+"\n",
+"wavelength=694.3*10^-9                            //wavelength of He-Ne laser\n",
+"\n",
+"h=6.63*10^-34                              //Plancks constant\n",
+"\n",
+"c=3*10^8                                   //velocity of light in air\n",
+"\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23                              //Boltzmann constant\n",
+"\n",
+"T=300                                      //ambient temperature in kelvin\n",
+"\n",
+"ratio=%e^-(h*c/(wavelength*k*T))                  //ratio of population of two energy level in laser \n",
+"\n",
+"printf('\nRatio of population of two energy level in laser N2/N1 is\n')\n",
+"\n",
+"disp(ratio)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.6_3: calculate_the_wavelength_of_photons.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//Chapter-4,Example4_6_3,pg 4-8\n",
+"\n",
+"P=100*10^3                                       //avrage power per pulse\n",
+"\n",
+"t=20*10^-9                                       //time duration\n",
+"\n",
+"h=6.63*10^-34                                    //Plancks constant\n",
+"\n",
+"c=3*10^8                                         //velocity of light in air\n",
+"\n",
+"N=6.981*10^15                                    //No. of photons per pulse\n",
+"\n",
+"wavelength=N*h*c/(P*t)*10^10 \n",
+"\n",
+"printf('\nWavelength of photons = %.f A.\n',wavelength)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}