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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 7: Lasers"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.1: Calcutate_Divergence.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"//variable declaration\n",
+"r1 = 7;                //in radians\n",
+"r2 = 3;                //in radians\n",
+"d1 = 4;                //Converting from mm to radians\n",
+"d2 = 6;                //Converting from mm to radians\n",
+"\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"D = (r2-r1)/(d2*10**3-d1*10**3)   //Divergence\n",
+"\n",
+"//Result\n",
+"printf('Divergence = %0.3f   *10**-3 radian     \n',(D*10**3))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.2: Relative_Populatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"//variable declaration\n",
+"C=3*10**8                    //The speed of light\n",
+"Lamda=6943                   //Wavelength\n",
+"T=300                        //Temperature in Kelvin\n",
+"h=6.626*10**-34              //Planck constant \n",
+"k=1.38*10**-23               //Boltzmann's constant\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"\n",
+"V=(C)/(Lamda*10**-10)       //Frequency\n",
+"R=exp(h*V/(k*T))       //Relative population\n",
+"\n",
+"//Result\n",
+"printf('Frequency (V) = %0.3f  *10**14 Hz      \n',(V/10**14))\n",
+"printf('Relative Population= %0.3f    *10**30    \n',(R/10**30))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.3: Power_density.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"//variable declaration\n",
+"C=3*10**8                     //Velocity of light\n",
+"W=632.8*10**-9                //wavelength\n",
+"P=2.3\n",
+"t=1\n",
+"h=6.626*10**-34              //Planck constant \n",
+"S=1*10**-6\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"V=C/W                        //Frequency\n",
+"n=((P*10**-3)*t)/(h*V)       //no.of photons emitted\n",
+"PD=P*10**-3/S                //Power density\n",
+"\n",
+"//Result\n",
+"printf('Frequency= %0.3f    *10**14 Hz    \n',(V/10**14))\n",
+"printf('no.of photons emitted= %0.3f    *10**15 photons/sec    \n',(n/10**15))\n",
+"printf('Power density = %0.3f   kWm**-2     \n',(PD/1000))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.4: Wavelenght.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"//variable declaration\n",
+"h=6.626*10**-34              //Planck constant \n",
+"C=3*10**8                    //Velocity of light\n",
+"E_g=1.44                     //bandgap \n",
+"\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"lamda=(h*C)*10**10/(E_g*1.6*10**-19)       //Wavelenght\n",
+"\n",
+"//Result\n",
+"printf('Wavelenght = %0.3f   Angstrom     \n',(lamda))"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.5: Band_gap.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"//variable declaration\n",
+"W=1.55                       //wavelength\n",
+"\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"E_g=(1.24)/W                 //Bandgap in eV           \n",
+"\n",
+"//Result\n",
+"printf('Band gap = %0.3f    eV \n',E_g)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}