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//Ex9_10
// Illustration of Gray Scale Opening and Closing
// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
clc;
close;
clear;
xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
function [f]=restoration_filter(v,type,m,n,Q,d)
if argn(2) ==2
m=7;n=7;Q=1.5;d=10;
elseif argn(2)==5
Q=parameter;d=parameter;
elseif argn(2)==4
Q=1.5;d=2;
else
disp('wrong number of inputs');
end
select type
case'median'
f=MedianFilter(v,[m n]);
case'MIN'
size1=m;
[nr,nc]=size(v);
temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
y=gsort(t);
temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=min(y);
end
end
f=mat2gray(temp2);
case'MAX'
size1=m;
[nr,nc]=size(v);
temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
y=gsort(t);
temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=max(y);
end
end
f=mat2gray(temp2);
case'Mid_Point'
size1=m;
[nr,nc]=size(v);
temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
y=gsort(t);
temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=0.5*(min(y)+max(y));
end
end
f=mat2gray(temp2);
else
disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
end
endfunction
///////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////
a=imread("Ex9_10.png");
gray=rgb2gray(a);
//gray=im2double(gray);
figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
title('Original X-Ray Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
[M,N]=size(gray);
//////////////////////////// Gray Scale Opening ////////////////////
h=restoration_filter(restoration_filter(gray,'MIN',3,3),'MAX',3,3);
figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
title('Opening using Flat Structureing Element','color','blue','fontsize',4);
/////////////////////////////// Gray Scale Closing ////////////////////
h=restoration_filter(restoration_filter(gray,'MAX',3,3),'MIN',3,3);
figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
title('Closing using Flat Structureing Element','color','blue','fontsize',4);
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