48 files changed, 868 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2695ffd59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-dc electron velocity,(ii)-dc phase constant, (iii)-plasma frequency, (iv)-reduced plasma frequency for R=0.4, (v)-dc beam current beam density, (vi)-instantaneous beam current density
+//Exa:8.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=14.5*10^3;//in volts
+I_o=1.4;//in A
+f=10*10^9;//in Hz
+p_o=10^-6;//in c/m^3
+p=10^-8;//in c/m^3
+v=10^5;//in m/s
+R=0.4;
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+k=2*%pi*f/v_o;
+w_p=[1.759*10^11*(10^-6/(8.854*10^-12))]^0.5;
+w_q=R*w_p;
+J_o=p_o*v_o;
+J=p*v_o+p_o*v;
+disp(v_o,'Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(k,'Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_p,'Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_q,'Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(J_o,'Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =');
+disp(J,'Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =');
+
+//Answer in book are wrongly written as: (Dc phase constant =1.41* 10^8 rad/sec)
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2695ffd59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-dc electron velocity,(ii)-dc phase constant, (iii)-plasma frequency, (iv)-reduced plasma frequency for R=0.4, (v)-dc beam current beam density, (vi)-instantaneous beam current density
+//Exa:8.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=14.5*10^3;//in volts
+I_o=1.4;//in A
+f=10*10^9;//in Hz
+p_o=10^-6;//in c/m^3
+p=10^-8;//in c/m^3
+v=10^5;//in m/s
+R=0.4;
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+k=2*%pi*f/v_o;
+w_p=[1.759*10^11*(10^-6/(8.854*10^-12))]^0.5;
+w_q=R*w_p;
+J_o=p_o*v_o;
+J=p*v_o+p_o*v;
+disp(v_o,'Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(k,'Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_p,'Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_q,'Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(J_o,'Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =');
+disp(J,'Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =');
+
+//Answer in book are wrongly written as: (Dc phase constant =1.41* 10^8 rad/sec)
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7bc8166be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+ Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =   
+ 
+    71406656.  
+ 
+ Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =   
+ 
+    879.91592  
+ 
+ Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =   
+ 
+    1.409D+08  
+ 
+ Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =   
+ 
+    56379751.  
+ 
+ Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =   
+ 
+    71.406656  
+ 
+ Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =   
+ 
+    0.8140666  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8539a0c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-electron velocity,(ii)-dc transit time, (iii)-input voltage for maximum output voltage,(iv)-voltage gain in dB
+//Exa:8.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=900;//in volts
+I_o=30*10^-3;//in A
+f=8*10^9;//in Hz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohm
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+T_o=l/v_o;
+Theeta_o=(2*%pi*f)*T_o;//Transit angles between cavities(in radian)
+Theeta_g=(2*%pi*f)*d/v_o;//Average gap transit angle (in radian)
+b=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_in_max=V_o*3.68/(b*Theeta_o);
+//As, {J(X)/X=0.582}
+A_r=b^2*Theeta_o*0.582*R_sh/(30*10^3*1.841);
+disp(v_o,'Electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(T_o,'Dc Transit Time (in sec)=');
+disp(V_in_max,'Maximum input voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(A_r,'Voltage gain (in dB) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8539a0c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-electron velocity,(ii)-dc transit time, (iii)-input voltage for maximum output voltage,(iv)-voltage gain in dB
+//Exa:8.10
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=900;//in volts
+I_o=30*10^-3;//in A
+f=8*10^9;//in Hz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohm
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+T_o=l/v_o;
+Theeta_o=(2*%pi*f)*T_o;//Transit angles between cavities(in radian)
+Theeta_g=(2*%pi*f)*d/v_o;//Average gap transit angle (in radian)
+b=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_in_max=V_o*3.68/(b*Theeta_o);
+//As, {J(X)/X=0.582}
+A_r=b^2*Theeta_o*0.582*R_sh/(30*10^3*1.841);
+disp(v_o,'Electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(T_o,'Dc Transit Time (in sec)=');
+disp(V_in_max,'Maximum input voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(A_r,'Voltage gain (in dB) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce294587d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Electron velocity (in m/s) =   
+ 
+    17790000.  
+ 
+ Dc Transit Time (in sec)=   
+ 
+    2.248D-09  
+ 
+ Maximum input voltage (in volts) =   
+ 
+    41.922525  
+ 
+ Voltage gain (in dB) =   
+ 
+    23.277687  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d309ed19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-dc electron velocity,(ii)-dc phase constant, (iii)-plasma frequency, (iv)-reduced plasma frequency for R=0.5, (v)-dc beam current beam density, (vi)-instantaneous beam current density
+//Exa:8.11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=20*10^3;//in volts
+I_o=2;//in A
+f=10*10^9;//in Hz
+p_o=10^-6;//in c/m^3
+p=10^-8;//in c/m^3
+v=10^5;//in m/s
+R=0.5;
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+k=2*%pi*f/v_o;
+w_p=[1.759*10^11*(10^-6/(8.854*10^-12))]^0.5;
+w_q=R*w_p;
+J_o=p_o*v_o;
+J=p*v_o-p_o*v;
+disp(v_o,'Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(k,'Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_p,'Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_q,'Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(J_o,'Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =');
+disp(J,'Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d309ed19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-dc electron velocity,(ii)-dc phase constant, (iii)-plasma frequency, (iv)-reduced plasma frequency for R=0.5, (v)-dc beam current beam density, (vi)-instantaneous beam current density
+//Exa:8.11
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=20*10^3;//in volts
+I_o=2;//in A
+f=10*10^9;//in Hz
+p_o=10^-6;//in c/m^3
+p=10^-8;//in c/m^3
+v=10^5;//in m/s
+R=0.5;
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+k=2*%pi*f/v_o;
+w_p=[1.759*10^11*(10^-6/(8.854*10^-12))]^0.5;
+w_q=R*w_p;
+J_o=p_o*v_o;
+J=p*v_o-p_o*v;
+disp(v_o,'Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(k,'Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_p,'Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(w_q,'Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =');
+disp(J_o,'Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =');
+disp(J,'Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95c0fefc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =   
+ 
+    83862864.  
+ 
+ Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =   
+ 
+    749.22141  
+ 
+ Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =   
+ 
+    1.409D+08  
+ 
+ Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =   
+ 
+    70474689.  
+ 
+ Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =   
+ 
+    83.862864  
+ 
+ Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =   
+ 
+    0.7386286  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c1c2efa31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the gap transit angle
+//Exa:8.12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=1000;//Anode voltage(in volts)
+gap=0.002;//in m
+f=5*10^9;//in Hz
+L=2.463*10^-3;//length of drift region (in m)
+u_o=5.93*10^5*sqrt(V_o);//in m/s
+Theeta_g=2*%pi*f*2*10^-3/u_o;//radians
+disp(Theeta_g,'Transit angle(in radians) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c1c2efa31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Caption:Calculate the gap transit angle
+//Exa:8.12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=1000;//Anode voltage(in volts)
+gap=0.002;//in m
+f=5*10^9;//in Hz
+L=2.463*10^-3;//length of drift region (in m)
+u_o=5.93*10^5*sqrt(V_o);//in m/s
+Theeta_g=2*%pi*f*2*10^-3/u_o;//radians
+disp(Theeta_g,'Transit angle(in radians) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6a56e6958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Transit angle(in radians) =   
+ 
+    3.35062  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b1098d54b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-i/p rf voltage,(ii)-voltage gain, (iii)-efficiency 
+//Exa:8.13
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=1200;//in volts
+I_o=30*10^-3;//in A
+f=10*10^9;//inHz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohms
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+Theeta_o=2*%pi*f*l/(20.54*10^6);
+X=1.84;//for maximum output power
+V_max=2*X*V_o/122.347;
+Theeta_g=122.347*10^-3/(4*10^-2);
+Beeta_i=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_1_max=V_max/Beeta_i;
+J=0.58;
+Beeta_o=Beeta_i;
+I_2=2*I_o*J;
+V_2=Beeta_o*I_2*R_sh;
+A_v=V_2/V_1_max;//in dB
+eff=0.58*(V_2/V_o)*100;//in percentage
+disp(V_1_max,'Input rf voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(A_v,'Voltage gain (in dB) =');
+disp(eff,'Maximum efficiency (in percentage) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as: A_v=24.33 dB
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b1098d54b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-i/p rf voltage,(ii)-voltage gain, (iii)-efficiency 
+//Exa:8.13
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=1200;//in volts
+I_o=30*10^-3;//in A
+f=10*10^9;//inHz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohms
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+Theeta_o=2*%pi*f*l/(20.54*10^6);
+X=1.84;//for maximum output power
+V_max=2*X*V_o/122.347;
+Theeta_g=122.347*10^-3/(4*10^-2);
+Beeta_i=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_1_max=V_max/Beeta_i;
+J=0.58;
+Beeta_o=Beeta_i;
+I_2=2*I_o*J;
+V_2=Beeta_o*I_2*R_sh;
+A_v=V_2/V_1_max;//in dB
+eff=0.58*(V_2/V_o)*100;//in percentage
+disp(V_1_max,'Input rf voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(A_v,'Voltage gain (in dB) =');
+disp(eff,'Maximum efficiency (in percentage) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as: A_v=24.33 dB
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..822057a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+ 
+ Input rf voltage(in volts) =   
+ 
+    55.247474  
+ 
+ Voltage gain (in dB) =   
+ 
+    16.460769  
+ 
+ Maximum efficiency (in percentage) =   
+ 
+    43.955103 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f9b921363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-cyclotron angular frequency, (ii)-cut-off voltage, (iii)-cut-off magnetic flux
+//Exa:8.14
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+a=0.04;
+b=0.08;
+V_o=30*10^3;//in volts
+I_o=80;//in A
+B_o=0.01;//in weber/sq.m
+w=(e_m_ratio)*B_o;
+disp(w,'Cyclotron angular frequency( in rad/s) =');
+V_c={(e_m_ratio)*B_o^2*b^2*[1-(a/b)^2]^2}/8;
+disp(V_c,'Cut-off voltage (in volts) =');
+B_c=sqrt(8*V_o/e_m_ratio)/[[1-(a/b)^2]*(b)];//in weber/m^2
+disp(B_c*10^3,'Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f9b921363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-cyclotron angular frequency, (ii)-cut-off voltage, (iii)-cut-off magnetic flux
+//Exa:8.14
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+a=0.04;
+b=0.08;
+V_o=30*10^3;//in volts
+I_o=80;//in A
+B_o=0.01;//in weber/sq.m
+w=(e_m_ratio)*B_o;
+disp(w,'Cyclotron angular frequency( in rad/s) =');
+V_c={(e_m_ratio)*B_o^2*b^2*[1-(a/b)^2]^2}/8;
+disp(V_c,'Cut-off voltage (in volts) =');
+B_c=sqrt(8*V_o/e_m_ratio)/[[1-(a/b)^2]*(b)];//in weber/m^2
+disp(B_c*10^3,'Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..035946828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Cyclotron angular frequency( in rad/s) =   
+ 
+    1.759D+09  
+ 
+ Cut-off voltage (in volts) =   
+ 
+    7915.5  
+ 
+ Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =   
+ 
+    19.468005  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a5f1cb2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-input power ,(ii)-output power in watts, (iii)-efficiency 
+//Exa:8.15
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+n=2;
+V_o=280;//in volts
+I_o=22*10^-3;//in A
+V_i=30;//in volts
+J=1.25;//J(X')
+P_dc=V_o*I_o;
+P_ac=2*V_o*I_o*J/(2*n*%pi-%pi/2);
+eff=(P_ac/P_dc)*100;
+disp(P_dc,'Input power (in watts) =');
+disp(P_ac,'Output power (in watts) =');
+disp(eff,'Efficiency (in percent) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a5f1cb2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-input power ,(ii)-output power in watts, (iii)-efficiency 
+//Exa:8.15
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+n=2;
+V_o=280;//in volts
+I_o=22*10^-3;//in A
+V_i=30;//in volts
+J=1.25;//J(X')
+P_dc=V_o*I_o;
+P_ac=2*V_o*I_o*J/(2*n*%pi-%pi/2);
+eff=(P_ac/P_dc)*100;
+disp(P_dc,'Input power (in watts) =');
+disp(P_ac,'Output power (in watts) =');
+disp(eff,'Efficiency (in percent) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ac3ef33f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+ 
+ Input power (in watts) =   
+ 
+    6.16  
+ 
+ Output power (in watts) =   
+ 
+    1.4005635  
+ 
+ Efficiency (in percent) =   
+ 
+    22.73642
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37d76d780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-repeller voltage V_r ,(ii)-beam current necessary to give gap voltage of 200V
+//Exa:8.16
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+V_o=300;//in volts
+R_sh=20*10^3;//in ohms
+f=8*10^9;//inHz
+w=2*%pi*f;
+n=2;//mode
+L=0.001;//spacing between repeller & cavity (in m)
+x=(e_m_ratio)*(2*%pi*n-%pi/2)^2/(8*w^2*L^2);
+volt_diff=sqrt(V_o/(x));
+V_r=(volt_diff)+V_o;//repeller volatge
+J=0.582;
+V_1=200;//given (in volts)
+I_o=V_1/(R_sh*2*J);
+disp(V_r,'Repeller voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(I_o*10^3,'Necessary beam current (in milliAmp.s) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37d76d780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-repeller voltage V_r ,(ii)-beam current necessary to give gap voltage of 200V
+//Exa:8.16
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+V_o=300;//in volts
+R_sh=20*10^3;//in ohms
+f=8*10^9;//inHz
+w=2*%pi*f;
+n=2;//mode
+L=0.001;//spacing between repeller & cavity (in m)
+x=(e_m_ratio)*(2*%pi*n-%pi/2)^2/(8*w^2*L^2);
+volt_diff=sqrt(V_o/(x));
+V_r=(volt_diff)+V_o;//repeller volatge
+J=0.582;
+V_1=200;//given (in volts)
+I_o=V_1/(R_sh*2*J);
+disp(V_r,'Repeller voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(I_o*10^3,'Necessary beam current (in milliAmp.s) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..418e75500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Repeller voltage(in volts) =   
+ 
+    833.97957  
+ 
+ Necessary beam current (in milliAmp.s) =   
+ 
+    8.5910653  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..39e1bdc93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-input rms voltage,(ii)-output rms voltage, (iii)-power delivered to load 
+//Exa:8.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+A_v=15;//in dB
+P_i=5*10^-3;//in W
+R_sh_i=30000;//in ohms
+R_sh_o=40000;//in ohms
+R_l=20000;//in ohms
+V_i=sqrt(P_i*R_sh_i);
+V_o=10^((A_v/20))*12.25;
+P_out=V_o^2/R_l;
+disp(V_i,'Input rms voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(V_o,'Output rms voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(P_out,'Power delivered to load (in watts) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..39e1bdc93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-input rms voltage,(ii)-output rms voltage, (iii)-power delivered to load 
+//Exa:8.2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+A_v=15;//in dB
+P_i=5*10^-3;//in W
+R_sh_i=30000;//in ohms
+R_sh_o=40000;//in ohms
+R_l=20000;//in ohms
+V_i=sqrt(P_i*R_sh_i);
+V_o=10^((A_v/20))*12.25;
+P_out=V_o^2/R_l;
+disp(V_i,'Input rms voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(V_o,'Output rms voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(P_out,'Power delivered to load (in watts) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..daf76b053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Input rms voltage (in volts) =   
+ 
+    12.247449  
+ 
+ Output rms voltage (in volts) =   
+ 
+    68.886812  
+ 
+ Power delivered to load (in watts) =   
+ 
+    0.2372696  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf7dd832e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-input power in watts,(ii)-output power in watts, (iii)-efficiency 
+//Exa:8.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+n=2;
+V_o=300;//in volts
+I_o=20*10^-3;//in A
+V_i=40;//in volts
+J=1.25;//J(X')
+P_dc=V_o*I_o;
+P_ac=2*V_o*I_o*J/(2*n*%pi-%pi/2);
+eff=(P_ac/P_dc)*100;
+disp(P_dc,'Input power (in watts) =');
+disp(P_ac,'Output power (in watts) =');
+disp(eff,'Efficiency (in percent) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf7dd832e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-input power in watts,(ii)-output power in watts, (iii)-efficiency 
+//Exa:8.3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+n=2;
+V_o=300;//in volts
+I_o=20*10^-3;//in A
+V_i=40;//in volts
+J=1.25;//J(X')
+P_dc=V_o*I_o;
+P_ac=2*V_o*I_o*J/(2*n*%pi-%pi/2);
+eff=(P_ac/P_dc)*100;
+disp(P_dc,'Input power (in watts) =');
+disp(P_ac,'Output power (in watts) =');
+disp(eff,'Efficiency (in percent) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5720a3d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Input power (in watts) =   
+ 
+    6.  
+ 
+ Output power (in watts) =   
+ 
+    1.3641852  
+ 
+ Efficiency (in percent) =   
+ 
+    22.73642  
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e1a3590db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-electron velocity,(ii)-dc transit time, (iii)-input voltage for maximum output voltage,(iv)-voltage gain in dB
+//Exa:8.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=900;//in volts
+I_o=30*10^-3;//in A
+f=8*10^9;//in Hz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohm
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+T_o=l/v_o;
+Theeta_o=(2*%pi*f)*T_o;//Transit angles between cavities(in radian)
+Theeta_g=(2*%pi*f)*d/v_o;//Average gap transit angle (in radian)
+b=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_in_max=V_o*3.68/(b*Theeta_o);
+//As, {J(X)/X=0.582}
+A_r=b^2*Theeta_o*0.582*R_sh/(30*10^3*1.841);
+disp(v_o,'Electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(T_o,'Dc Transit Time (in sec)=');
+disp(V_in_max,'Maximum input voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(A_r,'Voltage gain (in dB) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e1a3590db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-electron velocity,(ii)-dc transit time, (iii)-input voltage for maximum output voltage,(iv)-voltage gain in dB
+//Exa:8.4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=900;//in volts
+I_o=30*10^-3;//in A
+f=8*10^9;//in Hz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohm
+v_o=0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o);
+T_o=l/v_o;
+Theeta_o=(2*%pi*f)*T_o;//Transit angles between cavities(in radian)
+Theeta_g=(2*%pi*f)*d/v_o;//Average gap transit angle (in radian)
+b=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_in_max=V_o*3.68/(b*Theeta_o);
+//As, {J(X)/X=0.582}
+A_r=b^2*Theeta_o*0.582*R_sh/(30*10^3*1.841);
+disp(v_o,'Electron velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(T_o,'Dc Transit Time (in sec)=');
+disp(V_in_max,'Maximum input voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(A_r,'Voltage gain (in dB) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99b7297b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+ Electron velocity (in m/s) =   
+ 
+    17790000.  
+ 
+ Dc Transit Time (in sec)=   
+ 
+    2.248D-09  
+ 
+ Maximum input voltage (in volts) =   
+ 
+    41.922525  
+ 
+ Voltage gain (in dB) =   
+ 
+    23.277687  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b7fa37ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-i/p microwave voltage,(ii)-voltage gain, (iii)-efficiency of amplifier,(iv)-beam loading conductance
+//Exa:8.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=1200;//in volts
+I_o=28*10^-3;//in A
+f=8*10^9;//inHz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohms
+V_p_max=1200*3.68*0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o)/(2*%pi*f*l);
+Theeta_g=(2*%pi*f)*d/(0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o));//transit angle (in rad)
+beeta=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_i_max=V_p_max/beeta;
+Beeta_o=0.768;
+J=0.582;//J(X)
+A_v=(Beeta_o)^2*97.88*J*R_sh/(1200/(28*10^-3*1.841));//calculating voltage gain
+eff=[0.58*[2*28*10^-3*J*Beeta_o*R_sh]/V_o]*100;//calculating efficiency
+G_o=23.3*10^-6;
+G_b=(G_o/2)*{Beeta_o^2-Beeta_o*cos(Theeta_g)};//beam loading conductance
+R_b=1/(G_b*1000);//beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms)
+disp(V_i_max,'Input microwave voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(A_v,'Voltage gain =');
+disp(eff,'Effeciency of amplifier (in percentage) =');
+disp(R_b,'Beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as: Voltage gain =17.034
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b7fa37ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-i/p microwave voltage,(ii)-voltage gain, (iii)-efficiency of amplifier,(iv)-beam loading conductance
+//Exa:8.5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+V_o=1200;//in volts
+I_o=28*10^-3;//in A
+f=8*10^9;//inHz
+d=0.001;//in m
+l=0.04;//in m
+R_sh=40*10^3;//in ohms
+V_p_max=1200*3.68*0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o)/(2*%pi*f*l);
+Theeta_g=(2*%pi*f)*d/(0.593*10^6*sqrt(V_o));//transit angle (in rad)
+beeta=sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2);
+V_i_max=V_p_max/beeta;
+Beeta_o=0.768;
+J=0.582;//J(X)
+A_v=(Beeta_o)^2*97.88*J*R_sh/(1200/(28*10^-3*1.841));//calculating voltage gain
+eff=[0.58*[2*28*10^-3*J*Beeta_o*R_sh]/V_o]*100;//calculating efficiency
+G_o=23.3*10^-6;
+G_b=(G_o/2)*{Beeta_o^2-Beeta_o*cos(Theeta_g)};//beam loading conductance
+R_b=1/(G_b*1000);//beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms)
+disp(V_i_max,'Input microwave voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(A_v,'Voltage gain =');
+disp(eff,'Effeciency of amplifier (in percentage) =');
+disp(R_b,'Beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as: Voltage gain =17.034
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..71c170c00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+ Input microwave voltage(in volts) =   
+ 
+    58.70546  
+ 
+ Voltage gain =   
+ 
+    57.733774  
+ 
+ Effeciency of amplifier (in percentage) =   
+ 
+    48.392602  
+ 
+ Beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms) =   
+ 
+    72.751565  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce568ae31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-value of repeller voltage V_r ,(ii)-beam current necessary to give gap voltage of 200V, (iii)-electronic efficiency 
+//Exa:8.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+V_o=500;//in volts
+R_sh=20*10^3;//in ohms
+f=8*10^9;//inHz
+w=2*%pi*f;
+n=2;//mode
+L=0.001;//spacing between repeller & cavity (in m)
+x=0.023;
+volt_diff=sqrt(V_o*(x));
+V_r=volt_diff+V_o;//repeller volatge
+Beeta_o=1;//Assuming
+J=0.582;
+V_1=200;//given (in volts)
+I_o=V_1/(R_sh*2*J);
+Theeta_o=2*%pi*f*J*10^6*2*10^-3*sqrt(V_o)/(1.579*10^11*(V_r+V_o));
+X=V_1*Theeta_o/(2*V_o);//X'
+j=0.84;//J(X')
+eff=[2*j/(2*%pi*2-%pi/2)]*100;
+disp(V_r,'Repeller voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(I_o,'Necessary beam current (in Amp.s) =');
+disp(eff,'Effeciency  (in percentage) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce568ae31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-value of repeller voltage V_r ,(ii)-beam current necessary to give gap voltage of 200V, (iii)-electronic efficiency 
+//Exa:8.6
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+V_o=500;//in volts
+R_sh=20*10^3;//in ohms
+f=8*10^9;//inHz
+w=2*%pi*f;
+n=2;//mode
+L=0.001;//spacing between repeller & cavity (in m)
+x=0.023;
+volt_diff=sqrt(V_o*(x));
+V_r=volt_diff+V_o;//repeller volatge
+Beeta_o=1;//Assuming
+J=0.582;
+V_1=200;//given (in volts)
+I_o=V_1/(R_sh*2*J);
+Theeta_o=2*%pi*f*J*10^6*2*10^-3*sqrt(V_o)/(1.579*10^11*(V_r+V_o));
+X=V_1*Theeta_o/(2*V_o);//X'
+j=0.84;//J(X')
+eff=[2*j/(2*%pi*2-%pi/2)]*100;
+disp(V_r,'Repeller voltage(in volts) =');
+disp(I_o,'Necessary beam current (in Amp.s) =');
+disp(eff,'Effeciency  (in percentage) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e542c97c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Repeller voltage(in volts) =   
+ 
+    503.39116  
+ 
+ Necessary beam current (in Amp.s) =   
+ 
+    0.0085911  
+ 
+ Effeciency  (in percentage) =   
+ 
+    15.278875  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..25bf11dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-efficiency of reflex klystron ,(ii)-total output power in mW, (iii)-power delivered to load
+//Exa:8.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+P_dc_in=40;//in mW
+ratio=0.278;//V_1/V_o;
+n=1;
+X=ratio*(2*n*%pi-%pi/2);
+J=2.35;
+eff=ratio*J*100;//in percentage
+P_out= 8.91*P_dc_in/100;
+P_load=3.564*80/100;
+disp(eff,'Effeciency  (in percentage) =');
+disp(P_out,'Total power output (in mW) =');
+disp(P_load,'Power delivered to load (in mW) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..25bf11dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-efficiency of reflex klystron ,(ii)-total output power in mW, (iii)-power delivered to load
+//Exa:8.7
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+P_dc_in=40;//in mW
+ratio=0.278;//V_1/V_o;
+n=1;
+X=ratio*(2*n*%pi-%pi/2);
+J=2.35;
+eff=ratio*J*100;//in percentage
+P_out= 8.91*P_dc_in/100;
+P_load=3.564*80/100;
+disp(eff,'Effeciency  (in percentage) =');
+disp(P_out,'Total power output (in mW) =');
+disp(P_load,'Power delivered to load (in mW) =');
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4e47a845d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+ Effeciency  (in percentage) =   
+ 
+    65.33  
+ 
+ Total power output (in mW) =   
+ 
+    3.564  
+ 
+ Power delivered to load (in mW) =   
+ 
+    2.8512  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47ced396b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-Hull cut-off voltage ,(ii)-cut-off magnetic flux density if beam voltage V_o is 6000V, (iii)-cyclotron frequency in GHz
+//Exa:8.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+R_a=0.15;//in m
+R_o=0.45;//in m
+B_o=1.2*10^-3;//in weber/m^2
+V_o={(e_m_ratio)*B_o^2*R_o^2*[1-(R_a/R_o)^2]^2}/8;
+//Given:
+V=6000;//in volts
+B_c=sqrt(8*V/e_m_ratio)/[[1-(R_a/R_o)^2]*(R_o)];//in weber/m^2
+w_c=(e_m_ratio)*B_o;
+f_c=w_c/(2*%pi);//in Hz
+disp(V_o,'Cut-off voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(B_c*10^5,'Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =');
+disp(f_c*10^-9,'Cyclotron frequency (in GHz) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as: f_c=0.336Hz & V_o=50.666 kV
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47ced396b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-Hull cut-off voltage ,(ii)-cut-off magnetic flux density if beam voltage V_o is 6000V, (iii)-cyclotron frequency in GHz
+//Exa:8.8
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+R_a=0.15;//in m
+R_o=0.45;//in m
+B_o=1.2*10^-3;//in weber/m^2
+V_o={(e_m_ratio)*B_o^2*R_o^2*[1-(R_a/R_o)^2]^2}/8;
+//Given:
+V=6000;//in volts
+B_c=sqrt(8*V/e_m_ratio)/[[1-(R_a/R_o)^2]*(R_o)];//in weber/m^2
+w_c=(e_m_ratio)*B_o;
+f_c=w_c/(2*%pi);//in Hz
+disp(V_o,'Cut-off voltage (in volts) =');
+disp(B_c*10^5,'Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =');
+disp(f_c*10^-9,'Cyclotron frequency (in GHz) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as: f_c=0.336Hz & V_o=50.666 kV
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..88398e501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+ 
+ Cut-off voltage (in volts) =   
+ 
+    5065.92  
+ 
+ Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =   
+ 
+    130.59535  
+ 
+ Cyclotron frequency (in GHz) =   
+ 
+    0.0335944  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.9/EX8_9_ans.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.9/EX8_9_ans.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c89bf2e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.9/EX8_9_ans.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Axial phase velocity (in m/s) =   
+ 
+    9549296.6  
+ 
+ Anode Voltage (in kV) =   
+ 
+    259.20712  
+ 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/728/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adb62dde3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-Axial phase velocity ,(ii)-Anode voltage at which TWT can be operated for useful gain
+//Exa:8.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+d=0.002;//diameter(in m)
+pitch=(1/50)/100;//As,50 turns per cm (in m)
+circum=%pi*d;
+v_p=c*pitch/circum;
+V_o=v_p^2/(2*e_m_ratio);
+disp(v_p,'Axial phase velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(V_o,'Anode Voltage (in kV) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as V_o=25.92 V
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/728/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt b/728/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adb62dde3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/728/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Caption:Calculate (i)-Axial phase velocity ,(ii)-Anode voltage at which TWT can be operated for useful gain
+//Exa:8.9
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+e_m_ratio=1.759*10^11;//(e/m)
+c=3*10^8;//in m/s
+d=0.002;//diameter(in m)
+pitch=(1/50)/100;//As,50 turns per cm (in m)
+circum=%pi*d;
+v_p=c*pitch/circum;
+V_o=v_p^2/(2*e_m_ratio);
+disp(v_p,'Axial phase velocity (in m/s) =');
+disp(V_o,'Anode Voltage (in kV) =');
+
+//Answer in book is wrongly given as V_o=25.92 V
+\ No newline at end of file