18 files changed, 207 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66ca2e528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+im=50;
+rm=3000;
+disp("Part a");
+it=1000;
+is=it-im;
+rs=rm*im/is;
+disp("the value of shunt resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rs);
+disp("Part b");
+vm=rm*im;
+disp("at full-scale deflection the volage drop (in V) is"); disp(vm);
+disp("Part c");
+rt=vm/it;
+disp("the total resitance (in Ω) of the meteris"); disp(rt);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4850b59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.txt
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b3ea7c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+im=50*10^(-6);
+rm=3000;
+it1=10^(-3);
+it2=10*10^(-3);
+it3=100*10^(-3);
+it4=1;
+is1=it1-im;
+is2=it2-im;
+is3=it3-im;
+is4=it4-im;
+disp("Part a");
+rs1=rm*im/is1;
+disp("for a range of 1 mA the shunt resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rs1);
+rs2=rm*im/is2;
+disp("for a range of 10 mA the shunt resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rs2);
+rs3=rm*im/is3;
+disp("for a range of 100 mA the shunt resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rs3);
+rs4=rm*im/is4;
+disp("for a range of 1 A the shunt resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rs4);
+disp("Part b");
+vm=im*rm;
+disp("at full-scale deflection the voltage drop (in V) is"); disp(vm);
+disp("Part c");
+rt1=vm/it1;
+disp("for a range of 1 mA the total resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rt1);
+rt2=vm/it2;
+disp("for a range of 10 mA the total resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rt2);
+rt3=vm/it3;
+disp("for a range of 100 mA the total resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rt3);
+rt4=vm/it4;
+disp("for a range of 1 A the total resistance (in Ω) is"); disp(rt4);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e76f47d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.txt
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.3/example12_3.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.3/example12_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a8c1081c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.3/example12_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+im=50*10^(-6);
+rm=3000;
+it1=100*10^(-6);
+it2=10^(-3);
+it3=10*10^(-3);
+is2=it2-im;
+is1=it1-im;
+is3=it3-im;
+r1=rm*(is2/im-1)/(1+is2/im);
+disp("the value of R1 (in Ω) is"); disp(r1);
+r2=(rm*(is3-im)-(im+is3)*r1)/(im+is3);
+disp("the value of R2 (in Ω) is");disp(r2);
+r3=im*(r1+r2+rm)/is3;
+disp("the value of R3 (in Ω) is"); disp(r3);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.3/example12_3.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.3/example12_3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..546b7049c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.3/example12_3.txt
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd4addcb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+it=10;
+e=0.03*it;
+disp("Part a");
+disp("the possible error (in mA) is");disp(e);
+disp("Part b");
+i1=1;
+i2=5;
+i3=10;
+disp("for 1 mA indication the range of values if from "); disp(i1-e); disp("to");disp(i1+e);
+disp("for 5 mA indication the range of values if from "); disp(i2-e); disp("to");disp(i2+e);
+disp("for 10 mA indication the range of values if from "); disp(i3-e); disp("to");disp(i3+e);
+disp("Part c");
+p1=e*100/i1;
+p2=e*100/i2;
+p3=e*100/i3;
+disp("for 1 mA reading the error (in %) is"); disp(p1);
+disp("for 5 mA reading the error (in %) is"); disp(p2);
+disp("for 10 mA reading the error (in %) is"); disp(p3);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfbaacdd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+ 
+ Part a   
+ 
+ the possible error (in mA) is   
+ 
+    0.3  
+ 
+ Part b   
+ 
+ for 1 mA indication the range of values if from    
+ 
+    0.7  
+ 
+ to   
+ 
+    1.3  
+ 
+ for 5 mA indication the range of values if from    
+ 
+    4.7  
+ 
+ to   
+ 
+    5.3  
+ 
+ for 10 mA indication the range of values if from    
+ 
+    9.7  
+ 
+ to   
+ 
+    10.3  
+ 
+ Part c   
+ 
+ for 1 mA reading the error (in %) is   
+ 
+    30.  
+ 
+ for 5 mA reading the error (in %) is   
+ 
+    6.  
+ 
+ for 10 mA reading the error (in %) is   
+ 
+    3. 
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa4dc5478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+r1=1.2;
+v=1;
+disp("Part a");
+i1=v/r1;
+disp("the actual current (in mA) in the cicuit is"); disp(i1);
+disp("Part b");
+r2=1;
+i2=v/(r1+r2);
+disp("the inication of the meter (in mA) is"); disp(i2);
+disp("Part c");
+r3=0.1;
+i3=v/(r1+r3);
+disp("the indication of the meter (in mA) is"); disp(i3);
+disp("It is evident that the higher range (10 mA) with its much lower resistance (100 Ω) has reduced loading error compaared with the 1 kΩ , 1 mA range meter . However , the 0.77 mA will cause such a mall deflection on the 10 mA range that it will be difficult to read accurately.");
+disp("FSD error = 0.3 mA");
+disp("thus the 10 mA ammeter could indicate anything between 0.47 mA to 1.07 mA . On the 1 mA range");
+disp("FSD error =0.03 mA");
+disp("Thus the 1 mA ammeter could indicate anything between 0.42 mA to 0.48 mA . The range of values on the 10 mA scale includes the valuesof 0.77 mA and 0.83 mA whereas the 1 mA scale could never read higher than 0.48 mA . Put another way ,on the 10 mA range the readings could be from 43 % low to29 % high compared with the true value of 0.83 mA . On the 1 mA range , the readings could be from 42 %low to 49 % low compared with the true value of 0.83 mA");
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..443dcef4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.txt
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.6/example12_6.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.6/example12_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94a7330d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.6/example12_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+im=0.05;
+v=5;
+rm=3;
+disp("Part a");
+rt=v/im;
+disp("the total resistance (in kΩ) of the meter is"); disp(rt);
+disp("Part b");
+rs=rt-rm;
+disp("the necessary resistance (in kΩ) of the voltmeter multiplier is"); disp(rs);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.6/example12_6.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.6/example12_6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f01b3a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.6/example12_6.txt
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.7/example12_7.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.7/example12_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0602db90f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.7/example12_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+im=0.05;
+rm=3;
+v1=5;
+v2=15;
+v3=50;
+rt1=v1/im;
+rt2=v2/im;
+rt3=v3/im;
+rs1=rt1-rm;
+rs2=rt2-rm;
+rs3=rt3-rm;
+disp("for a range of 5 V the required resistance (in kΩ) is"); disp(rs1);
+disp("for a range of 15 V the required resistance (in kΩ) is"); disp(rs2);
+disp("for a range of 50 V the required resistance (in kΩ) is"); disp(rs3);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.7/example12_7.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.7/example12_7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f5870c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.7/example12_7.txt
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.8/example12_8.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.8/example12_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d05d49035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.8/example12_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+im=0.05;
+s=1/im;
+rm=3;
+v1=5;
+v2=15;
+v3=50;
+r1=s*v1-rm;
+disp("the value of R1 (in kΩ) is"); disp(r1);
+r2=s*v2-(rm+r1);
+disp("the value of R2 (in kΩ) is"); disp(r2);
+r3=s*v3-(rm+r1+r2);
+disp("the value of R1 (in kΩ) is"); disp(r3);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.8/example12_8.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.8/example12_8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb52df57a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.8/example12_8.txt
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.9/example12_9.sce b/620/CH12/EX12.9/example12_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c63d2252e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.9/example12_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+r1=10^6;
+r2_v=20*10^3;
+v_1=5;
+r2=r2_v*v_1;
+r=r1+r1*r2/(r1+r2);
+v=10;
+i=v/r;
+v1=i*r1;
+v2=v-v1;
+disp("Part a");
+disp("the VOM reading (in V) is"); disp(v2);
+disp("Part b");
+v_2=50;
+r3=r2_v*v_2;
+r0=r1+r1*r3/(r1+r3);
+i0=v/r0;
+v10=i0*r1;
+v20=v-v10;
+disp("the new VOM reading (in V) is"); disp(v20);
+disp("Part c");
+r_1=10^6;
+r_2=11*10^6;
+r_0=r_1+r_1*r_2/(r_1+r_2);
+i_0=v/r_0;
+v_01=i_0*r_1;
+v_02=v-v_01;
+disp("the reading of an EVM (in V) is"); disp(v_02);
+disp("Part d");
+e=0.03;
+disp("VOM on 5 V range is");disp(v2-e*5); disp("to"); disp(v2+e*5);
+disp("VOM on 50 V range is");disp(v20-e*50); disp("to"); disp(v20+e*50);
+disp("VOM on 5 V range is");disp(v_02-e*5); disp("to"); disp(v_02+e*5);
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/620/CH12/EX12.9/example12_9.txt b/620/CH12/EX12.9/example12_9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9238eba5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/620/CH12/EX12.9/example12_9.txt