diff options
Diffstat (limited to '615/CH7')
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce | 20 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce | 33 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce | 11 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.12/7_12.sce | 19 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.13/7_13.sce | 24 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.14/7_14.sce | 12 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.15/7_15.sce | 24 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce | 14 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce | 26 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce | 11 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce | 19 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce | 17 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce | 30 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce | 12 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 615/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce | 39 |
15 files changed, 311 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..098ecccfe --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.1//
+W1=16.2;//Ca(HCO3)2 in water in mg/lit//
+W2=7.3;//MgHCO3 in water in mg/lit//
+W3=13.6;//CaSO4 in water in mg/lit//
+W4=9.5;//MgCl2 in water in mg/lit//
+M1=100/162;//multiplication factor of Ca(HCO3)2//
+M2=100/146;//multiplication factor of MgHCO3//
+M3=100/136;//multiplication factor of CaSO4//
+M4=100/95;//multiplication factor of MgCl2//
+P1=W1*M1;//Ca(HCO3)2 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+P2=W2*M2;//MgHCO3 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+P3=W3*M3;//CaSO4 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+P4=W4*M4;//MgCl2 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+T=P1+P2;
+printf("Temporary hardness is %fmg/l or ppm",T);
+P=P3+P4;
+printf("\nPermanant hardness is %fmg/l or ppm",P);
+To=T+P;
+printf("\nTotal hardness is %fmg/l or ppm",To);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..18b74a1ed --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.10//
+W1=40;//amount of Ca2+ in water in mg/l//
+W2=24;//amount of Mg2+ in water in mg/l//
+W3=8.05;//amount of Na+ in water in mg/l//
+W4=183;//amount of (HCO3)- in water in mg/l//
+W5=55.68;//amount of (SO4)2- in water in mg/l//
+W6=6.74;//amount of Cl- in water in mg/l//
+M1=100/40;//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M2=100/24;//multiplication factor of Mg2+//
+M3=100/(23*2);//multiplication factor of Na+//
+M4=100/(61*2);//multiplication factor of (HCO3)-//
+M5=100/96;//multiplication factor of (SO4)2-//
+M6=100/(35.5*2);//multiplication factor of Cl-//
+P1=W1*M1;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P2=W2*M2;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P3=W3*M3;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P4=W4*M4;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P5=W5*M5;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P6=W6*M6;//in terms of CaCO3//
+
+
+printf("magnesium alkalinity is %fppm",P4-P1);
+printf("\ncalsium alkalinity is %fppm",P1);
+printf("\ntotal alkalinity is %fppm",P1+P4-P1);
+printf("\ntotal hardness is %fppm",P1+P2);
+printf("\ncalsium temporary hardness is %fppm",P1);
+printf("\nMagnesium temporary hardness id %fppm",P4-P1);
+printf("\nMagnesium permanant hardness is %fppm",P2-(P4-P1));
+printf("\n Ca(HCO3)2 salt is %fppm",P1);
+printf("\nMg(HCO3)2 salt is %fppm",P4-P1);
+printf("\nMgSO4 salt is %fppm",P2-(P4-P1));
+printf("\nNaCl salt is %fppm",P6);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a50ef39bf --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.11//
+P=0;//phenolplthalein alkalinity in water sample//
+V=16.9;//required HCl in ml for 100 ml water sample//
+N=0.02;//normality of HCl//
+printf("Since P=0 the alkalinity is due to HCO3- ions");
+C=50;//equivalent of CaCO3 in mg for 1 ml 1N of HCl//
+A=C*V*N;
+printf("\nIn 100ml water sample the alkalinity is %fmg",A);
+B=A*1000/100;
+printf("\nFor 1 litre of water the alkalinity is %fmg/l",B);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.12/7_12.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.12/7_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..37147f6a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.12/7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.12//
+P=4.7;//required HCl in ml using HpH indicator //
+H=10.5;//required HCl im ml using MeOH indicator//
+M=P+H;
+N=0.02;//normality of HCl//
+printf("M=%fml",M)
+printf("\nSince P<0.5*M sample contain (CO3)2- and (HCO3)- alkalinity");
+printf("\nVol of 0.02N HCl for (CO3)2- in 100 ml of water sample is %fml",2*P);
+C=50;//equivalent of CaCO3 in mg for 1ml 1N HCl//
+A=C*(2*P)*N;//amount of (CO3)2- alkalinity in mg in 100 ml of water//
+B=A*1000/100;
+printf("\nThe amount of (CO3)2- alkalinity in 1 litre water is %fppm",B);
+printf("\nVol of 0.02N HCl for (HCO3)- in 100 ml of water sample is %fml",M-2*P);
+D=C*(M-2*P)*N;//the amount of (HCO3)- alkalinity in mg in 100 ml of water//
+E=D*1000/100;
+printf("\nThe amount of (HCO3)- alkalinity in 1 litre water is %fppm",E);
+T=B+E;
+printf("\nTotal alkalinity is %fmg/l or ppm",T);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.13/7_13.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.13/7_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b083ad811 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.13/7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.13//
+W1=160;//amount of Ca2+ in ppm//
+W2=88;//amount of Mg2+ in ppm//
+W3=72;//amount of CO2 in ppm//
+W4=488;//amount of (HCO3)- in ppm//
+W5=139;//amount of (FeSO4).7H2O in ppm//
+M1=100/40;//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M2=100/24;//multiplication factor of Mg2+//
+M3=100/44;//multiplication factor of CO2//
+M4=100/(61*2);//multiplication factor of (HCO3)-//
+M5=100/278;//multiplication factor of (FeSO4).7H2O//
+P1=W1*M1;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P2=W2*M2;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P3=W3*M3;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P4=W4*M4;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P5=W5*M5;//in terms of CaCO3//
+V=100000;//volume of water in litres//
+L=0.74*(P2+P3+P4+P5)*V;//lime required in mg//
+L=L/10^6;
+printf("Lime required is %fkg",L);
+S=1.06*(P1+P2+P5-P4)*V;//soda required in mg//
+S=S/10^6;
+printf("\nSoda required is %fkg",S);
diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.14/7_14.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.14/7_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f148367fb --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.14/7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.14//
+W=50;//amount of NaCl in g/l in NaCl solution//
+V=200;//volume of NaCl solution in litres//
+A=W*V;
+V=10000;//volume of hard water passed through Zeolite softener//
+printf("The amount of NaCl used for %f litres of water is %fg",V,A);
+M=100/(58.5*2);//multiplication factor of NaCl//
+P=M*A;
+printf("\nIn terms of CaCO3=%fgCaCO3",P);
+B=P*1000/V;
+printf("\nFor 1 litre of hard water=%fmg/l or ppm",B);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.15/7_15.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.15/7_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6ae101a57 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.15/7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.15//
+W1=0.28;//amount of CaCO3 in grams dissolved in 1 litre of water//
+V1=28;//required EDTA in ml on titration of 100ml of CaCO3 solution//
+V2=33;//required EDTA in ml for 100ml of unknown hard water sample//
+V3=10;//required EDTA in ml for 100 ml of unknown sample after boiling and cooling//
+M1=100/100;//multiplication factor of CaCO3//
+C=W1*M1;
+printf("1 litre sample have %fg in terms of CaCO3",C);
+printf("\n1 ml sample have %fmgCaCO3",C);
+A=C*100//for 100 ml of sample equivalent to 28 ml of EDTA//
+B=A/V1;
+printf("\n1ml of EDTA=%fmg CaCO3",B);
+D=V2*B;//for 100 ml//
+D=D*1000/100;
+printf("\n1000ml of unknown water contains %fmgCaCO3",D);
+printf("\nTotal hardness is %fmg/lCaCO3 or ppm",D);
+E=V3*B;//for 100 ml//
+E=E*1000/100;
+printf("\n1000ml of boiled unknown water contains %fmgCaCO3",E);
+printf("\nPermanant hardness is %fmg/l CaCO3 or ppm",E);
+T=D-E;
+printf("\nTemporary hardness is %fmg/l CaCO3 or ppm",T);
+
diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec6cfaeb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.2//
+F=56;//atomic weight of ferrus//
+S=32;//atomic weight of sulphur//
+O=16;//atomic weight of oxygen//
+Ca=40;//atomic weight of calsium//
+C=12;//atomic weight of carbon//
+W1=F+S+(4*O);//molecular weight of FeSO4//
+W2=Ca+C+(3*O);//molecular weight of CaCO3//
+A=(W1/W2)*100;
+printf("Required FeSO4 for 100ppm of hardness is %fmg/lit",A);
+P=210.5;//required ppm of hardness//
+B=(A/100)*P;
+printf("\nRequired FeSO4 for 210.5ppm of hardness is %fmg/lit or ppm of FeSO4",B);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..89ebb30d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.3//
+W1=162;//Ca(HCO3)2 in water in mg/lit//
+W2=73;//MgHCO3 in water in mg/lit//
+W3=136;//CaSO4 in water in mg/lit//
+W4=95;//MgCl2 in water in mg/lit//
+W5=111;//CaCl2 in water in mg/lit//
+W6=100;//NaCl in water in mg/lit//
+M1=100/162;//multiplication factor of Ca(HCO3)2//
+M2=100/146;//multiplication factor of MgHCO3//
+M3=100/136;//multiplication factor of CaSO4//
+M4=100/95;//multiplication factor of MgCl2//
+M5=100/111;//multiplication factor of CaCl2//
+M6=100/100;//multiplication factor of NaCl//
+P1=W1*M1;//Ca(HCO3)2 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+P2=W2*M2;//MgHCO3 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+P3=W3*M3;//CaSO4 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+P4=W4*M4;//MgCl2 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+P5=W5*M5;//CaCl2 in terms of CaCO3 or //
+printf("We do not take NaCl since it does not contribute to hardness");
+T=P1+P2;
+printf("\nTemporary hardness is %fmg/l or ppm",T);
+P=P3+P4+P5;
+printf("\nPermanant hardness is %fmg/l or ppm",P);
+To=T+P;
+printf("\nTotal hardness is %fmg/l or ppm",To);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a6328362 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.4//
+N=0.08;//normality of MgSO4//
+V1=12.5;//volume of MgSO4 in ml//
+V2=100;//volume of water sample//
+M=N/2;//molarity of MgSO4//
+N1=(M*12.5)/1000;//no of moles of MgSO4 in 100 ml water//
+N2=(N1*1000)/100;//no of moles of MgSO4 in one litre water//
+W=100;//molecular weight of CaCO3
+W1=N2*W*1000;//MgSO4 in terms of CaCO3 in mg/lit//
+printf("\nThe hardness due to MgSO4 is %fmg/l CaCO3 or ppm of CaCO3",W1);
diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..968df8a53 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.5//
+W1=144;//MgCO3 in water in mg/lit//
+W2=25;//CaCO3 in water in mg/lit//
+W3=111;//CaCl2 in water in mg/lit//
+W4=95;//MgCl2 in water in mg/lit//
+M1=100/84;//multiplication factor of MgCO3//
+M2=100/100;//multiplication factor of CaCO3//
+M3=100/111;//multiplication factor of CaCl2//
+M4=100/95;//multiplication factor of MgCl2//
+P1=W1*M1;//MgCO3 in terms of CaCO3 or ppm//
+P2=W2*M2;//CaCO3 in terms of CaCO3 or ppm//
+P3=W3*M3;//CaCl2 in terms of CaCO3 or ppm//
+P4=W4*M4;//MgCl2 in terms of CaCO3 or ppm//
+V=50000;//volume of water in lit//
+L=0.74*(2*P1+P2+P4)*V;
+printf("Requirement of lime is %fmg",L);
+S=1.06*(P1+P3+P4)*V;
+printf("\nRequirement of soda is %fmg",S);
diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d4f1b8cd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.6//
+W1=12;//Mg2+ in water in ppm or mg/l//
+W2=40;//Ca2+ in water in ppm or mg/l//
+W3=164.7;//HCO3- in water in ppm or mg/l//
+W4=30.8;//CO2 in water in ppm or mg/l//
+M1=100/24;//multiplication factor of Mg2+//
+M2=100/40;//multiplication factor of Mg2+//
+M3=100/61;//multiplication factor of Mg2+//
+M4=100/44;//multiplication factor of Mg2+//
+P1=W1*M1;// in terms of CaCO3//
+P2=W2*M2;// in terms of CaCO3//
+P3=W3*M3;// in terms of CaCO3//
+P4=W4*M4;// in terms of CaCO3//
+V=50000//volume of water in lit//
+L=0.74*(P1+P3+P4)*V;
+printf("Lime required is %fmg",L);
diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..02df67177 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.7//
+W1=160;//Ca2+ in water in mg/l or ppm//
+W2=72;//Mg2+ in water in mg/l or ppm//
+W3=732;//HCO3- in water in mg/l or ppm//
+W4=44;//CO2 in water in mg/l or ppm//
+W5=16.4;//NaAlO2 in water in mg/l or ppm//
+W6=30;//(CO3)2- in water in mg/l or ppm//
+W7=17;//OH- in water in mg/l or ppm//
+M1=100/40;//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M2=100/24;//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M3=100/(61*2);//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M4=100/44;//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M5=100/(82*2);//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M6=100/60;//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+M7=100/(17*2);//multiplication factor of Ca2+//
+P1=W1*M1;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P2=W2*M2;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P3=W3*M3;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P4=W4*M4;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P5=W5*M5;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P6=W6*M6;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P7=W7*M7;//in terms of CaCO3//
+V=200000;//volume of water in lit//
+L=0.74*(P2+P3+P4-P5+P7)*V;
+L=L/10^6;//in kgs//
+printf("Lime required is %fkg",L);
+S=1.06*(P1+P2-P3-P5-P6+P7)*V;
+S=S/10^6;//in kgs//
+printf("\nSoda required is %fkg",S);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b351af809 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.8//
+N=150;//amount of NaCl in solution in g/l//
+V=8;//volume of NaCl solution//
+M=N*V;
+printf("The amount of NaCl in 8 lit of solution is %fgms",M);
+V=10000;//volume of hard water//
+W=58.5;//molecular weight of NaCl//
+K=(M*100/(W*2))/V;
+printf("\nfor 1 litre hardness is %fg/l",K);
+J=K*1000;
+printf("\nHardness of water is %fmg/l or ppm",J);
diff --git a/615/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce b/615/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2dcda98b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/615/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//water chemistry//
+//example 7.8//
+W1=219;//amount of Mg(HCO3)2 in water in ppm//
+W2=36;//amount of Mg2+ in water in ppm//
+W3=18.3;//amount of (HCO3)- in water in ppm//
+W4=1.5;//amount of H+_in water in ppm//
+M1=100/146;//multiplication factor of Mg(HCO3)2//
+M2=100/24;//multiplication factor of Mg(HCO3)2//
+M3=100/122;//multiplication factor of Mg(HCO3)2//
+M4=100/2;//multiplication factor of Mg(HCO3)2//
+P1=W1*M1;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P2=W2*M2;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P3=W3*M3;//in terms of CaCO3//
+P4=W4*M4;//in terms of CaCO3//
+L=0.74*((2*P1)+P2+P3+P4);
+printf("Lime required is %fmg/l",L);
+R=1;//water supply rate in m^3/s//
+D=R*60*60*24*L;
+printf("\nLime required for one day is %fm^3/day",D);
+K=D*1000;//in lit/day//
+T=K/10^9;//in tonnes//
+S=1.06*(P2+P4-P3);
+printf("\nSoda required is %fmg/l",S);
+D2=R*60*60*24*S;
+printf("\nSoda required per day is %fm^3/day",D2);
+A=D2*1000;//in lit/day//
+B=A/10^9;//in tonnes//
+J1=90/100;//purity of lime//
+J2=95/100;//purity of soda//
+C1=500;//cost of one tonne lime//
+C2=7000;//cost of one tonne soda//
+CL=T*C1/J1;
+printf("\ncost of lime is %fRs",CL);
+CS=B*C2/J2;
+printf("\ncost of soda is %fRs",CS);
+C=CL+CS;
+printf("\ntotal cost is %fRs",C);
+
+
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