diff options
Diffstat (limited to '51')
172 files changed, 2623 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce b/51/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff6d51270 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+m=36;//kg
+acc=7;//ft/sq sec
+W=m*9.81;
+disp("W=")
+disp(W)
+//F=W+m*acc
+//1 ft= 0.3048 m
+F=W+(m*acc*0.3048);
+disp("N",F,"F=")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce b/51/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e8f5b712f --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+V=0.84;//ft^3
+p=50;//psi
+T=70;//degree farenheit
+atmp=14.7;//psi
+//the air density d=P/(RT)
+//1ft^2=144 inches^2
+d=((p+atmp)*144)/((1716)*(T+460));
+disp(d)
+//slugs/ft^3
+//weight of air
+W=d*32.2*V;
+//1lb=1 slug.ft/sq sec
+disp("lb",W,"W=")
+//taking various values of p a graph is plotted between W and p
+x= -20:60;
+for p= -20: 60
+ i=p+21;
+ y(1,i)=((p+atmp)*144/((1716)*(T+460)))*32.2*V;
+
+end
+plot(x,y)
+xtitle('W vs p','p.psi','W,lb')
+
+
+
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.3/1_3graph.jpg b/51/CH1/EX1.3/1_3graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..72a555fd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.3/1_3graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce b/51/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ef7c4735 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+vis=0.38;//Ns/m^2
+sg=0.91;//specific gravity of Newtonian fluid
+dia=25;//mm
+vel=2.6;//m/s
+
+//calculating in SI units
+//fluid density d=sg*(density of water @ 277K)
+d=sg*1000;//kg/m^3
+//Reynolds number Re=d*vel*dia/vis
+Re=(d*vel*dia)/(vis*1000);//(kgm/sec^2)/N
+disp(156,"Re in SI units=")
+//calculating in BG units
+d1=d*1.94/1000//slugs/ft^3
+vel1=vel*3.281//ft/s
+dia1=(dia/1000)*3.281//ft
+vis1=vis*(2.089/100)//lb*s/ft^2
+Re1=(d1*vel1*dia1)/vis1;//(slugs.ft/sec^2)/lb
+disp(Re1,"Re in Bg units=")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce b/51/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8df6bc304 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+vis=0.04;//lb*sec/ft^2
+vel=2;//ft/sec
+h=0.2;//inches
+
+//given u=(3*vel/2)(1-(y/h)^2)
+//shearing stress t=vis*(du/dy)
+//(du/dy)=-(3*vel*y/h)
+//along the bottom of the wall y=-h
+//(du/dy)=(3*vel/h)
+t=vis*(3*vel/(h/12));//lb/ft^2
+disp("lb/ft^2",t,"shaering stress t on bottom wall=")
+//along the midplane y=0
+//(du/dy)=0
+t1=0;//lb/ft^2
+disp("lb/ft^2",t1,"shearing stress t on midplane=")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce b/51/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aecc14046 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+p1=14.7;//psi(abs)
+V1=1;//ft^3
+V2=0.5;//ft^3
+//for isentropic compression, (p1(d1^k))=(p2/(d2^k))
+//volume*density=constant(mass)
+ratd=V1/V2;
+p2=((ratd)^1.66)*p1;//psi(abs)
+disp("psi(abs)",p2,"final pressure p2=")
+
+i=1;
+ratV=0.01:0.01:1.0;
+
+for j=0.01:0.01:1.0
+ pres(i)=p1/((j)^1.66);
+ i=i+1;
+
+end
+
+plot2d(ratV,pres,rect=[0,0,1,1000])
+xtitle('p2 vs V2/V1','V2/V1','p2 psi')
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.6/1_6graph.jpg b/51/CH1/EX1.6/1_6graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..d16d564dd --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.6/1_6graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce b/51/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3ac427084 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.7/1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+s=550;//(mph)
+h=35000;//ft
+T=-66;//degrees farenheit
+k=1.40;
+//speed of sound c=(kRT)^0.5
+c=((k*1716*(T+460)))^0.5;//ft/s
+disp("ft/s",c,"speed of sound c=")
+//speed of sound V=(s m/hour)*(5280 ft/m)/(3600 s/hour)
+V=s*5280/3600;//ft/s
+disp("ft/s",V,"air speed =")
+ratio=V/c;//Mach number
+disp(ratio,"ratio of V/c = Mach Number=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce b/51/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e4399c35a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.8/1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=20;//degree celcius
+h=1;//mm
+//h=(2*st*cos(x)/(sw*R))
+//where st= nsurface tension, x= angle of contact, sw= specific weight of liquid, R= tube radius
+st= 0.0728;//N/m
+sw=9.789;//kN/m^3
+x=0;
+R=(2*st*cos(x))/(sw*1000*h/1000);//m
+D=2*R*1000;//mm
+disp("mm",D,"minimum required tube diameter= ")
+h=0.1:0.1:2;
+for i=0.1:0.1:2
+ R=(2*st*cos(x))/(sw*1000*i/1000);
+ dia(i*10)=2*R*1000;
+end
+
+plot2d(h,dia,rect=[0,0,2,100])
+xtitle("D vs h","h, mm", "D, mm")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX1.8/1_8graph.jpg b/51/CH1/EX1.8/1_8graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..75dfc07dd --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX1.8/1_8graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH1/EX2/1_2.sce b/51/CH1/EX2/1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..758d7c02a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX2/1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec ("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\1.2data.sci");
+W=m*9.81;
+disp("W=")
+disp(W)
+//F=W+m*acc
+//1 ft= 0.3048 m
+F=W+(m*acc*0.3048);
+disp("N",F,"F=")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX2/1_2data.sci b/51/CH1/EX2/1_2data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc6b25a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX2/1_2data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +m=36;//kg
+acc=7;//ft/sq sec
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX3/1_3.sce b/51/CH1/EX3/1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2436850b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX3/1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec ("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\1.3data.sci");
+//the air density d=P/(RT)
+//1ft^2=144 inches^2
+d=((p+atmp)*144)/((1716)*(T+460));
+disp(d)
+//slugs/ft^3
+//weight of air
+W=d*32.2*V;
+//1lb=1 slug.ft/sq sec
+disp("lb",W,"W=")
+//taking various values of p a graph is plotted between W and p
+x= -20:60;
+for p= -20: 60
+ i=p+21;
+ y(1,i)=((p+atmp)*144/((1716)*(T+460)))*32.2*V;
+
+end
+plot(x,y)
+xtitle('W vs p','p.psi','W,lb')
+
+
+
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX3/1_3data.sci b/51/CH1/EX3/1_3data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1fc98323 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX3/1_3data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +V=0.84;//ft^3
+p=50;//psi
+T=70;//degree farenheit
+atmp=14.7;//psi
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH1/EX4/1_4.sce b/51/CH1/EX4/1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..df40fa6cb --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX4/1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec ("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\1.4data.sci");
+//calculating in SI units
+//fluid density d=sg*(density of water @ 277K)
+d=sg*1000;//kg/m^3
+//Reynolds number Re=d*vel*dia/vis
+Re=(d*vel*dia)/(vis*1000);//(kgm/sec^2)/N
+disp(156,"Re in SI units=")
+//calculating in BG units
+d1=d*1.94/1000//slugs/ft^3
+vel1=vel*3.281//ft/s
+dia1=(dia/1000)*3.281//ft
+vis1=vis*(2.089/100)//lb*s/ft^2
+Re1=(d1*vel1*dia1)/vis1;//(slugs.ft/sec^2)/lb
+disp(Re1,"Re in Bg units=")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX4/1_4data.sci b/51/CH1/EX4/1_4data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44b6e4a69 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX4/1_4data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +vis=0.38;//Ns/m^2
+sg=0.91;//specific gravity of Newtonian fluid
+dia=25;//mm
+vel=2.6;//m/s
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX5/1_5.sce b/51/CH1/EX5/1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..01c63bd87 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX5/1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec ("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\1.5data.sci");
+//given u=(3*vel/2)(1-(y/h)^2)
+//shearing stress t=vis*(du/dy)
+//(du/dy)=-(3*vel*y/h)
+//along the bottom of the wall y=-h
+//(du/dy)=(3*vel/h)
+t=vis*(3*vel/(h/12));//lb/ft^2
+disp("lb/ft^2",t,"shaering stress t on bottom wall=")
+//along the midplane y=0
+//(du/dy)=0
+t1=0;//lb/ft^2
+disp("lb/ft^2",t1,"shearing stress t on midplane=")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX5/1_5data.sci b/51/CH1/EX5/1_5data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..27ade9136 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX5/1_5data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +vis=0.04;//lb*sec/ft^2
+vel=2;//ft/sec
+h=0.2;//inches
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX6/1_6.sce b/51/CH1/EX6/1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9c7afd89f --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX6/1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec ("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\1.6data.sci");
+//for isentropic compression, (p1(d1^k))=(p2/(d2^k))
+//volume*density=constant(mass)
+ratd=V1/V2;
+p2=((ratd)^1.66)*p1;//psi(abs)
+disp("psi(abs)",p2,"final pressure p2=")
+
+i=1;
+ratV=0.01:0.01:1.0;
+
+for j=0.01:0.01:1.0
+ pres(i)=p1/((j)^1.66);
+ i=i+1;
+
+end
+
+plot2d(ratV,pres,rect=[0,0,1,1000])
+xtitle('p2 vs V2/V1','V2/V1','p2 psi')
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX6/1_6data.sci b/51/CH1/EX6/1_6data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..73b1f8dcd --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX6/1_6data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +p1=14.7;//psi(abs)
+V1=1;//ft^3
+V2=0.5;//ft^3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH1/EX7/1_7.sce b/51/CH1/EX7/1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db19f2645 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX7/1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec ("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\1.7data.sci");
+//speed of sound c=(kRT)^0.5
+c=((k*1716*(T+460)))^0.5;//ft/s
+disp("ft/s",c,"speed of sound c=")
+//speed of sound V=(s m/hour)*(5280 ft/m)/(3600 s/hour)
+V=s*5280/3600;//ft/s
+disp("ft/s",V,"air speed =")
+ratio=V/c;//Mach number
+disp(ratio,"ratio of V/c = Mach Number=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH1/EX7/1_7data.sci b/51/CH1/EX7/1_7data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..89fef5a8e --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX7/1_7data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +s=550;//(mph)
+h=35000;//ft
+T=-66;//degrees farenheit
+k=1.40;
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH1/EX8/1_8.sce b/51/CH1/EX8/1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..edd89ca8d --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX8/1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\1.8data.sci");
+//h=(2*st*cos(x)/(sw*R))
+//where st= nsurface tension, x= angle of contact, sw= specific weight of liquid, R= tube radius
+st= 0.0728;//N/m
+sw=9.789;//kN/m^3
+x=0;
+R=(2*st*cos(x))/(sw*1000*h/1000);//m
+D=2*R*1000;//mm
+disp("mm",D,"minimum required tube diameter= ")
+h=0.1:0.1:2;
+for i=0.1:0.1:2
+ R=(2*st*cos(x))/(sw*1000*i/1000);
+ dia(i*10)=2*R*1000;
+end
+
+plot2d(h,dia,rect=[0,0,2,100])
+xtitle("D vs h","h, mm", "D, mm")
diff --git a/51/CH1/EX8/1_8data.sci b/51/CH1/EX8/1_8data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d81218e57 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH1/EX8/1_8data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +T=20;//degree celcius
+h=1;//mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce b/51/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..807b15ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+z2=0.5;//ft
+q=5.75;//(ft^2)/sec
+y1=2.3;//ft
+z1=0;//ft
+V1=2.5;//ft/sec
+//bernoulli equation
+a=y1+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+z1-z2;//ft; where a=y2+((V^2)/(2*g))
+//countinuity equation
+b=(y1*V1);//(ft^2/sec); where b=(y2*V2)
+c1=2*32.2;
+c2=(-c1)*a;
+c3=b^2;
+fn=poly([c3 0 c2 c1],"y2","c");
+y2=roots(fn);
+sum1=y2(3)+z2;//ft
+sum2=y2(1)+z2;//ft
+E1=y1+(c3/(y1^2));//ft
+Emin=3*((q^2)/(32.2^(1/3)))/2;//ft
+z=E1-Emin;//ft
+//using this value of z, the surface elevation is found to be sum1
+disp("ft",sum1,"The elevation of the water surface downstream of the ramp=")
+count=1;
+y=1:0.1:10;
+for i=1:0.1:10
+ E(count)=i+(c3/(i^2));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(E,y,rect=[0,0,10,12])
+xtitle("y vs E","E","y")
diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.2/10_2graph.jpg b/51/CH10/EX10.2/10_2graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..380fd89c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.2/10_2graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.3/10_3.sce b/51/CH10/EX10.3/10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c6ba17c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.3/10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+y=5;//ft
+angle=40;//degree
+l=12;//ft
+rate=1.4;//ft per 1000 ft of length
+K=1.49;
+A=(l*y)+(y*y/tan(angle*%pi/180));//ft
+P=(l+(2*y/sin(angle*%pi/180)));//ft
+Rh=A/P;
+S0=rate/1000;
+x=K*(A)*(Rh^(2/3))*(S0^0.5);//where Rh=Q*n
+n=0.012;
+Q=x/n;//cfs
+disp("cfs",Q,"The flowrate=")
+V=Q/A;//ft/sec
+Fr=V/(32.2*y)^0.5;
+disp(Fr,"Froude number=")
diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce b/51/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..128178c2b --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+y=5;//ft
+angle=40;//degree
+l=12;//ft
+rate=1.4;//ft per 1000 ft of length
+Q=10;//m^3/sec
+//A=(l*y)+(y*y/tan(angle*%pi/180)) ft^2
+bw=l*1/3.281;//m; where bw=bottom width 3.66
+//P=bw(2*y/sin(angle*%pi/180)) m
+//Rh=A/P
+n=0.03;
+c1=1/tan(angle*%pi/180);//1.19
+c2=(Q*n/((rate/1000)^0.5))^3;//515
+c3=2/sin(angle*%pi/180);//3.11
+fn=poly([(-c2*bw*bw) (-c2*2*c3*bw) (-c2*c3*c3) 0 0 (bw^5) (5*c1*bw^4) (10*(c1^2)*(bw^3)) (10*(c1^3)*(bw^2)) (5*(c1^4)*(bw)) (c1^5)],"y","c");
+r=roots(fn);
+disp("m",r(1),"The depth of the flow=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.7/10_7.sce b/51/CH10/EX10.7/10_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d4149c0fd --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.7/10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+S0=1/500;
+n1=0.02;
+z1=0.6;//ft
+n2=0.015;
+n3=0.03;
+z2=0.8;//ft
+l1=3;//ft
+l2=2;//ft
+l3=3;//ft
+y=z1+z2;//ft
+K=1.49;
+A1=l1*(z1);//ft^2
+A2=l2*(y);//ft^2
+A3=l3*(z1);//ft^2
+P1=l1+z1;//ft
+P2=l2+(2*z2);//ft
+P3=l3+z1;//ft
+Rh1=A1/P1;//ft
+Rh2=A2/P2;//ft
+Rh3=A3/P3;//ft
+Q=K*(S0^0.5)*((A1*(Rh1^(2/3))/n1)+(A3*(Rh3^(2/3))/n3)+(A2*(Rh2^(2/3))/n2));//(ft^3)/sec
+disp("(ft^3)/sec",Q,"The flowrate=")
diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.8/10_8.sce b/51/CH10/EX10.8/10_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5724fcccf --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.8/10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+//A=b*y
+//p=b+2*y
+//Q=K*A*(Rh^(2/3))*(S0^0.5)/n
+//dA/dy=0
+//from the above, we get
+aspratio=2;//asp ratio=aspect ratio=b/y
+disp(aspratio,"The aspect ratio=")
+asprat=0.5:0.01:5;
+count=1;
+for i=0.5:0.01:5
+ Qrat(count)=(((2*sqrt(1/2))+(sqrt(2)))/((2*sqrt(1/i))+(sqrt(i))))^(2/3);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(asprat,Qrat,rect=[0,0.8,5,1.05])
+xtitle("Q/Qmax vs b/y","b/y","Q/Qmax")
+
diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.8/10_8graph.jpg b/51/CH10/EX10.8/10_8graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a64a119f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.8/10_8graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9.sce b/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..22058019a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+w=100;//ft
+y1=0.6;//ft
+V1=18;//ft/sec
+Fr1=V1/(32.2*y1)^0.5;
+disp(Fr1,"The Froude number before the jump=")
+yratio=0.5*(-1+(1+(8*(Fr1^2)))^0.5);//where yratio=y2/y1
+y2=y1*yratio;//ft
+disp("ft",y2,"The depth after the jump=")
+//Q1=Q2, hence
+V2=(y1*V1)/y2;//ft/sec
+Fr2=V2/(32.2*y2)^0.5;
+disp(Fr2,"The froude number after the jump=")
+Q=w*y1*V1;//(ft^3)/sec
+hL=(y1+(V1*V1/(32.2*2)))-(y2+(V2*V2/(2*32.2)));//ft
+Pd=62.4*hL*Q/550;//hp
+disp("hp",Pd,"Power dissipated within the jump=")
+depth1=0.4:0.01:1.53;
+count=1;
+for i=0.4:0.01:1.53
+ power(count)=62.4*(((i+((Q/(i*w))^2)/(32.2*2)))-((i*(0.5*(-1+(1+(8*(((Q/(i*w))/(32.2*i)^0.5)^2)))^0.5)))+((((i*(Q/(i*w)))/(i*(0.5*(-1+(1+(8*(((Q/(i*w))/(32.2*i)^0.5)^2)))^0.5))))^2)/(2*32.2))))*Q/550;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(depth1,power,rect=[0,0,1.6,1000])
+xtitle("Pa vs y1","y1, ft","Pa, hp")
+xclick(1);
+clf();
+y=0.5:0.01:4;
+n=1;
+for i=0.5:0.01:4
+ E(n)=(i+(((Q/w)^2)/(2*32.2*i*i)));
+ n=n+1;
+end
+plot2d(E,y,rect=[0,0,6,4])
+xtitle("y vs E","E,ft","y,ft")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9graph.jpg b/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..747d4a29a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9graph1.jpg b/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9graph1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b5fc0312 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH10/EX10.9/10_9graph1.jpg diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c64990b38 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=4;//in
+T1=540;//degree R
+p1=100;//psia
+T2=453;//degree R
+p2=18.4;//psia
+k=1.4;
+R=1716/32.174;//ft*lb/(lbm*(degree R))
+cv=R/(k-1);//ft*lb/(lbm*(degree R))
+udiff=cv*(T2-T1);//ft*lb/lbm; change in internal energy
+disp("ft*lb/lbm",udiff,"a)The change in internal energy between (1) and (2)=")
+cp=k*cv;//ft*lb/(lbm*(degree R))
+hdiff=cp*(T2-T1);//ft*lb/lbm; change in enthalpy
+disp("ft*lb/lbm",hdiff,"b)The change in enthalpl energy between (1) and (2)=")
+ddiff=(1/R)*((p2*144/T2)-(p1*144/T1));//lbm/(ft^3); change in density
+disp("lbm/(ft^3)",ddiff,"The change in density betwenn (1) and (2)=")
diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.11/11_11.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.11/11_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..84dc3b739 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.11/11_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+k=1.4;
+T0=518.67;//degree R
+T1=514.55;//degree R
+p1=14.3;//psia
+R=53.3;//(ft*lb)/(lbm* degree R)
+cp=R*k/(k-1);//(ft*lb/(lbm* degree R))
+Tratio=T1/T0;
+Ma=(((1/Tratio)-1)/((k-1)/2))^0.5;
+x=(R*T1*k*32.2)^0.5;//ft/sec; where x=(R*T1*k)^0.5
+y=p1*144/(R*T1)*(Ma*x);//lbm/((ft^2)*sec); where y=d*V
+//for p=7 psia
+p=7;//psia
+fn=poly([(-T0) 1 ((y*y/(2*cp*p*p*144*144/(R^2)))/32.2)],"T","c");
+r=roots(fn);
+T=r(1);//K
+sdif=(cp*log(T/T1))-(R*log(p/p1));//(ft*lb)/(lbm* degree R)
+disp("K",T,"The corrosponding value of temperature for Fanno for downstream pressure of 7psia=")
+disp("(ft*lb)/(lbm* degree R)",sdif,"The corrosponding value of entropy change for Fanno for downstream pressure of 7psia=")
+count=1;
+for i=1.4:0.1:7
+ root=roots(poly([(-T0) 1 ((y*y/(2*cp*i*i*144*144/(R^2)))/32.2)],"T","c"));
+ temp(count)=root(1);
+ s(count)=(cp*log(temp(count)/T1))-(R*log(i/p1));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(s,temp)
+xtitle("T vs s-s1","s-s1, ((ft*lb)/(lbm* degree R))","T, Degree R")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.11/11_11graph.jpg b/51/CH11/EX11.11/11_11graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..24fcddb4c --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.11/11_11graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.12/11_12.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.12/11_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..070326747 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.12/11_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T0=288;//K
+p0=101;//kPa(abs)
+l=2;//m
+D=0.1;//m
+f=0.02;
+k=1.4;
+x=f*l/D;
+Tratio=2/(k+1);//where Tratio is Tcritical/T0
+Tcritical=Tratio*T0;//K = T2
+Vcritical=(286.9*Tcritical*k)^0.5;//m/sec = V2
+//from value of x, the following are found
+Ma=0.63;
+Trat=1.1;//where Trat=T1/Tcritical
+Vrat=0.66;//where Vrat=V1/Vcritical
+prat=1.7;//where prat=p1/pcritical
+pratio=1.16;//where pratio=p0,1/p0critical
+//from value of Ma, the following are found
+Tfraction=0.93;//whereTfraction=T1/T0
+pfraction=0.76;//where pfraction=p1/p0,1
+dfraction=0.83;//where dfraction=d1/d0,1
+//hence,
+V1=Vrat*Vcritical;//m/sec
+d1=dfraction*(1.23);//kg/(m^3)
+m=d1*%pi*(D^2)*V1/4;//kg/sec
+T1=Tfraction*T0;//K
+p1=pfraction*p0;//kPa(abs)
+T01=T0;//K and T01=T02
+p01=p0;//kPa(abs)
+p2=(1/prat)*(pfraction)*p01;//kpa(abs)
+p02=(1/pratio)*p01;//kPa(abs)
+disp("K",Tcritical,"Critical temperature=")
+disp("m/sec",Vcritical,"Critical velocity=")
+disp("m/sec",V1,"Velocity at inlet=")
+disp("kg/sec",m,"Maximum mass flowrate=")
+disp("K",T1,"Temperature at inlet=")
+disp("kPa(abs)",p1,"Pressure at inlet=")
+disp("K",T01,"stagnation temperature at inlet and exit=")
+disp("kPa(abs)",p01,"The stagnation pressure at inlet=")
+disp("kPa(abs)",p2,"Pressure at exit=")
+disp("kPa(abs)",p02,"The stagnation pressure at exit=")
diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.13/11_13.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.13/11_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d17ab92ea --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.13/11_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T0=288;//K
+p0=101;//kPa(abs)
+l=2;//m
+D=0.1;//m
+f=0.02;
+pd=45;//kPa(abs)
+f=0.02;
+k=1.4;
+lnew=(50/100)*l;
+x=lnew*f/D;
+//from this value of x, following are found
+Ma=0.7;
+prat=1.5;//where prat=p1/pcritical
+//from this value of Ma, following are found
+pratio=0.72;//where pratio=p1/p0
+dratio=0.79;//where dratio=d1/d0,1
+Vratio=0.73;//where Vratio=V1/Vcritical
+//hence,
+p2=(1/prat)*pratio*p0;//kPa(abs)
+pcritical=p2;
+//we find that pd<pcritical
+d1=dratio*(1.23);//kg/(m^3)
+Vcritical=(286.9*Tcritical*k)^0.5;//m/sec = V2
+V1=Vratio*Vcritical;//m/sec
+m=d1*%pi*(D^2)*V1/4;//kg/sec
+disp("kg/sec",1.65,"is less than the flowrate for the longer tube =","kg/sec,",m,"The flowrate for the smaller tube=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.14/11_14.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.14/11_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e6540df9 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.14/11_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T0=288;//K
+p0=101;//kPa(abs)
+l=2;//m
+D=0.1;//m
+f=0.02;
+pd=45;//kPa(abs)
+f=0.02;
+m=1.65;//kg/sec
+lnew=l/2;//m
+
+x=f*l/D;
+//from this value of x, Ma at exit is found as
+Ma=0.7;
+//and p2/pcritical is found as
+pratio=1.5;
+//and, from example 11.12,
+prat=1.7;//where prat=p1/pcritical
+pfraction=0.76;//where pfraction=p1/p0,1
+//Hence,
+p2=pratio*(1/prat)*pfraction*p0;//kPa(abs)
+disp(Ma,"The Mach number at the exit=")
+disp("kPa(abs)",p2,"The back pressure required=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.15/11_15.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.15/11_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..de06b1d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.15/11_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+k=1.4;
+T0=518.67;//degree R
+T1=514.55;//degree R
+p1=14.3;//psia
+
+R=53.3;//(ft*lb)/(lbm*degree R)
+cp=R*k/(k-1);//(ft*lb/(lbm* degree R))
+Tratio=T1/T0;
+Ma=(((1/Tratio)-1)/((k-1)/2))^0.5;
+x=(R*T1*k*32.2)^0.5;//ft/sec; where x=(R*T1*k)^0.5
+y=p1*144/(R*T1)*(Ma*x);//lbm/((ft^2)*sec); where y=d*V
+z=R*T1/(p1*144);//(ft^3)/lbm
+c=(p1)+(y*y*z/(32.2*144));//psia; =constant
+//when downstream pressure p=13.5 psia
+p=13.5;//psia
+a=(y^2)*R/(p*144*32.2*144);//(lb/(in^2))/degree R
+fn=poly([(p-c) a],"T","c");
+T=roots(fn);//degree R
+sdif=(cp*log(T/T1))-(R*log(p/p1));//ft*lb/(lbm*degree R)
+disp("degree R",T,"The corrosponding value of temperature for the downstream pressure of 13.5 psia=")
+disp("ft*lb/(lbm*degree R)",sdif,"The corrosponding value of change in entropy for the downstream pressure of 13.5 psia=")
+count=1;
+for i=1:0.1:13.5
+ temp(count)=roots(poly([(i-c) ((y^2)*R/(i*144*32.2*144))],"T","c"));
+ s(count)=(cp*log(temp(count)/T1))-(R*log(i/p1));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(s,temp,rect=[100,500,400,3000])
+xtitle("T vs s-s1","s-s1, ((ft*lb)/(lbm* degree R))","T, Degree R")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.15/11_15graph.jpg b/51/CH11/EX11.15/11_15graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..acf036b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.15/11_15graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.18/11_18.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.18/11_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2aa3f5de2 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.18/11_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+p=60;//psia
+T=1000;//degree R
+px=12;//psia
+k=1.4;
+R=53.3;//ft*lb/(lbm*degree R)
+pratio=p/px;
+//for this value of pratio, Max is calculated as
+Max=1.9;
+//using this value of Max, Tx/T0,x is found as
+Tratio=0.59;
+//T=T0,x=T0,y
+Tx=Tratio*T;//degree R
+cx=(R*Tx*k)^0.5;//ft/sec
+Vx=1.87*cx*(32.2^0.5);//ft/sec
+disp(Max,"The Mach number for the flow=")
+disp("ft/sec",Vx,"The velocity of the flow=")
diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.19/11_19.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.19/11_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6a03c6881 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.19/11_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+x1=0.5;//m
+x2=0.3;//m
+Acritical=0.1;//m^2
+//at x1, Max1 is found as
+Max1=2.8;
+//and px/p0,x is found as
+pratio1=0.04;
+//For this value of Max, py/px is found as
+prat1=9;
+pfraction1=prat1*pratio1;//where pfraction=py/p0,x = pIII/p0,x
+//at x2, Max2 is found as
+Max2=2.14;
+//for this value of Max2, the following are found
+prat2=5.2;
+prat22=0.66;//where prat22=p0,y/p0,x
+May=0.56;
+//for this valur of May, Ay/Acritical is found as
+Aratio=1.24;
+Arat=(Acritical+(x1^2))/(Acritical+(x2^2));//where Aratio=A2/Ay
+Afraction=Aratio*Arat;//where Afraction=A2/Acritical
+A2=Acritical+(x1^2);//m^2
+Acritical1=A2/Afraction;//where Acritical1 critical area for the isentropic flow downstream of the shock
+//with the value of Afraction, the following are found
+Ma2=0.26;
+pfraction=0.95;//where pfraction=p2/p0,y
+//hence,
+pfrac=pfraction*prat22;//where pfrac=p2/p0,x
+disp(pfraction1,"The ratio of back pressure to inlet stagnation pressure that will result in a normal shock at the exit of the duct=")
+disp(pfrac,"The value of back pressure to inlet stagnation pressure required to position the shock at (x=0.3 m)=")
diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf0f47b03 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=4;//in
+T1=540;//degree R
+p1=100;//psia
+T2=453;//degree R
+p2=18.4;//psia
+
+dratio=(p1/T1)*(T2/p2);
+sdif=(cv*(log(T2/T1)))+(R*(log(dratio)));//ft*lb/lbm*(degree R); change in entropy
+disp("ft*lb/lbm*(degree R)",sdif,"The change in entropy between (1) and (2)=")
diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..74fbd02d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=0;//degree C
+R=286.9;//J/(kg*K)
+k=1.401;
+c=(R*(T+273.15)*k)^0.5;//m/s
+disp("m/sec",c,"The speed of sound for air at 0 degree C =")
diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..96c7ce83d --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+z=1000;//m
+Ma=1.5;
+T=20;//degree C
+//alpha=atan(z/x), x=V*t,and Ma=(1/sin(alpha)); where alpha is the angle of the Mach cone
+//V=Ma*c
+c=343.3;//m/s found from the value of temperature
+V=Ma*c;//m/sec
+t=z/(Ma*c*tan(asin(1/Ma)));//sec
+disp("sec",t,"The number of seconds to wait after the plane passes over-head before it is heard=")
+Mach=0.01:0.01:4;
+count=1;
+for i=0.01:0.01:4
+ time(count)=z/(i*c*tan(asin(1/i)));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(Mach,time,rect=[0,0,4,3])
+xtitle("t vs Ma","Ma","t, sec")
diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.4/11_4graph.jpg b/51/CH11/EX11.4/11_4graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..86254ad74 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.4/11_4graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e55bc0d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+A=1*(10^(-4));//m^2
+p1=80;//kPa(abs)
+p2=40;//kPa(abs)
+p0=101;//kPa(abs)
+pcritical=0.528*p0;//kPa(abs)
+k=1.4;
+//for (a) pth=p1>pcritical
+Math1=((((p0/p1)^((k-1)/k))-1)/((k-1)/2))^0.5;//Math=Mach number at throat
+//dth/d0=p1/p0; dth=density at throat
+dth1=(1.23)*(1/(1+(((k-1)/2)*(Math1^2))))^(1/(k-1));//kg/(m^3); density at throat
+Tth1=(288)*(1/(1+(((k-1)/2)*(Math1^2))));//K; temperature at throat
+Vth1=Math1*(286.9*Tth1*k)^0.5;//m/sec
+m1=dth1*A*Vth1;//kg/sec
+disp("kg/sec",m1,"a) The mass flowrate through the duct=")
+//for (b) pth=p2<pcritical, hence
+Math2=1;
+dth2=1.23*(1/(1+(((k-1)/2)*(Math2^2))))^(1/(k-1));//kg/(m^3); density at throat
+Tth2=(288)*(1/(1+(((k-1)/2)*(Math2^2))));//K; temperature at throat
+Vth2=Math2*(286.9*Tth2*k)^0.5;//m/sec
+m2=dth2*A*Vth2;//kg/sec
+disp("kg/sec",m2,"b) The mass flowrate through the duct=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.6/11_6.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.6/11_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e2f90af9 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.6/11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+A=1*(10^(-4));//m^2
+p1=80;//kPa(abs)
+p2=40;//kPa(abs)
+
+p0=101;//kPa(abs)
+k=1.4;
+//for (a)
+pratio1=p1/p0;
+//for this value of p1/p0,
+Math1=0.59;
+Tratio1=0.94;//=Tth/T0
+dratio1=0.85;//=dth/d0
+Tth1=Tratio1*(288);//K
+dth1=dratio1*(1.23);//kg/(m^3)
+Vth1=Math1*(286.9*Tth1*k)^0.5;//m/sec
+m1=(dth1*A*Vth1);//kg/sec
+disp("kg/sec",m1,"a)The mass flowrate=")
+//for (b)
+Math2=1;
+Tratio2=0.83;//=Tth/T0
+dratio2=0.64;//=dth/d0
+Tth2=Tratio2*(288);//K
+dth2=dratio2*(1.23);//kg/(m^3)
+Vth2=Math2*(286.9*Tth2*k)^0.5;//m/sec
+m2=(dth2*A*Vth2);//kg/sec
+disp("kg/sec",m2,"b)The mass flowrate=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH11/EX11.7/11_7.sce b/51/CH11/EX11.7/11_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c0efb19e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH11/EX11.7/11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+pratio=0.82;//ratio of static to stagnation pressure
+T=68;//degree F
+//for (a)
+//for the value of pratio given Ma is calculated as
+Ma1=0.54;
+k1=1.4;
+Tratio1=0.94;//T/T0
+T1=Tratio1*(T+460);// degree R
+V1=(Ma1*(53.3*T1*k1)^0.5)*(32.2^0.5);//ft/sec
+//for (b)
+k2=1.66;
+Ma2=((((1/pratio)^((k2-1)/k2))-1)/((k2-1)/2))^0.5;
+Tratio2=1/(1+(((k2-1)/2)*(Ma2^2)));//T/T0
+T2=Tratio2*(T+460);//degree R
+V2=(Ma2*(386*T2*k2)^0.5)*(32.2^0.5);//ft/sec
+disp("ft/sec",V1,"The flow velocity if fluid is air=")
+disp("ft/sec",V2,"The flow velocity if fluid is helium=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce b/51/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c402b6196 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\12_2data.sci");
+U2=r2*2*%pi*N/(60*12);//ft/sec
+Vr2=(1400/(7.48*60*2*%pi*(r2/12)*(b/12)));//ft/sec
+V2tangential=U2-(Vr2*cotg(beta2*%pi/180));//ft/sec
+hi=U2*V2tangential/32.2;//ft
+disp("ft",hi,"The ideal head rise=")
+d=1.94;//slugs/(ft^3)
+Wshaft=(d*Q*U2*V2tangential/(7.58*60))/550;//hp
+disp("hp",Wshaft,"The power transferred to the fluid=")
diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.2/12_2data.sci b/51/CH12/EX12.2/12_2data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9b388565 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.2/12_2data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +Q=1400;//gpm
+N=1750;//rpm
+b=2;//in
+r1=1.9;//in
+r2=7.0;//in
+beta2=23;//degrees
+alpha1=90;//degrees
diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce b/51/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a41fc38d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\12_3data.sci");
+V=Q/((%pi/4)*(D/12)^2);//ft/sec
+hL=KL*(V^2)/(2*32.2);//ft
+//from value of T
+pv=0.5069;//psi
+sw=62.22;//lb/(ft^3); sw =specific weight
+z1max=(patm*144/sw)-hL-(pv*144/sw)-NPSHr;//ft
+disp("ft",z1max,"The maximum height at which the pump can be located=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.3/12_3data.sci b/51/CH12/EX12.3/12_3data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e3620e95 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.3/12_3data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +Q=0.5;//(ft^3)/sec
+NPSHr=15;//ft
+T=80;//degree F
+patm=14.7;//psi
+KL=20;
+D=4;//in
diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce b/51/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ac8425a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\12_5data.sci");
+CQ=0.0625;
+Q1=CQ*(N1/60)*(2*%pi)*(D1/12)^3;//(ft^3)/sec
+disp("gpm",Q1*7.48*60,"or","(ft^3)/sec",Q1,"The discharge=")
+CH=0.19;
+ha=CH*((N1*2*%pi/60)^2)*((D1/12)^2)/32.2;//ft
+disp("ft",ha,"The actual headrise=")
+CP=0.014;
+Wshaft=(CP*(1.94)*((N1*2*%pi/60)^3)*((D1/12)^5))/550;//hp
+disp("hp",Wshaft,"The shaft horsepower=")
diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.5/12_5data.sci b/51/CH12/EX12.5/12_5data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da70c07ad --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.5/12_5data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +D1=8;//in
+N1=1200;//rpm
+D2=12;//in
+N2=1000;//rpm
+T=60;//degree F
diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce b/51/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2d949a627 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\12_6data.sci");
+//energy equation between a point on surface of lake and the nozzle outlet
+//z0=(V1^2)/(2*32.2) + hL
+//from continuity equation, V=(A1*V1/A)=((D1/D)^2)*V1
+//neglecting minor losses,
+//z0=(1+(f*l/D)*((D1/D)^4))*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)
+//Wshaft=d*Q*u*(U-V1)*(1-cos(B))
+//The maximum power occurs at U=V1/2 and dWshaft/dD1=0
+a=(2*32.2*z0)^0.5;//113.5
+b=f*(l/(D/12))*(1/(D/12))^4;//152
+c=a*%pi*1.94*(1-cos(B*%pi/180))/4;//323
+d=(c*a*a/4);//1.04*(10^6)
+//by the above conditions, and applying Q=(%pi*(D1^2)*V1/4)
+D1=(1/(2*b))^(1/4);//ft
+disp("ft",D1,"The nozzle diameter for maximum power output=")
+Wshaft=-((d*D1^2)/(1+(b*D1^4))^(3/2))/550;//hp
+disp("hp",Wshaft,"The maximum power output=")
+V1=a/(1+(b*(D1^4)))^0.5;//ft/sec
+omega=(V1/(2*R))*60/(2*%pi);//rpm
+disp("rpm",omega,"The angular velocity of the rotor=")
diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.6/12_6data.sci b/51/CH12/EX12.6/12_6data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f33dec87c --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.6/12_6data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +z0=200;//ft
+l=1000;//ft
+f=0.02;
+D=8;//in.
+B=150;//degree
+R=1.5;//ft
+z1=0;//ft
diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.8/12_8.sce b/51/CH12/EX12.8/12_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08eba9b84 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.8/12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\12_8data.sci");
+rm=0.5*(ro+ri)/12;
+U=(N*2*%pi/60)*rm;//ft/sec
+wshaft=(-U)*(2*U)/32.174;//ft*lb/lbm
+disp("Ft*lb/lbm",wshaft,"The shaft energy per unit mass of air=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH12/EX12.8/12_8data.sci b/51/CH12/EX12.8/12_8data.sci new file mode 100755 index 000000000..faa1956e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH12/EX12.8/12_8data.sci @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +ri=0.133;//in.
+ro=0.168;//in.
+N=300000;//rpm
diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2690bc1d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+sg=0.68;//specific gravity of gasoline
+htg=17;//ft (height of gasoline)
+htw=3;//ft (height of water)
+//pressure p= (gamma*h)+atmp;
+//pressure at water- gasoline interface p1 =sg*g*htg+atmp
+p1=sg*62.4*htg; //atmp=0 , p1 is in lb/ft^2
+pr1=p1/144;//lb/in^2
+//pressure head as feet of water H
+H= p1/62.4;//ft
+//similarly pressure p2 at tank bottom
+p2=62.4*htw+p1;//lb/ft^2
+pr2 = p2/144;//lb/in^2
+//pressure head as ft of water H1
+H1=p2/62.4;//ft
+disp("lb/in^2",pr1,"lb/ft^2 =", p1,"pressure at interface=")
+disp("ft",H,"pressure head at interface in feet of water =")
+disp("lb/in^2",pr2,"lb/ft^2 =", p2,"pressure at bottom=")
+disp("ft",H1,"pressure head at bottom in feet of water =")
+
diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a926e33b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+dia=1.5;//m
+wt=8.5;//kN
+//tension in cable T=bouyant force(Fb)-wt
+//fluid is water
+sw=10.1;//kN/m^3
+vol=%pi*dia^3/6;//m^3
+Fb=sw*vol;//kN
+T=Fb-wt;//kN
+disp("kN",T,"The tension in the cable =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.11/2_11.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.11/2_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..165362784 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.11/2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+sg=0.65;
+l1=0.75;//ft
+l2=0.5;//ft
+//0.5 ft =z1(max)
+//0.5=0.75*(ay(max)/g)
+aymax=(0.5*32.2)/0.75;//ft/s^2
+disp("ft/s^2",aymax,"The max acceleration that can occur before the fuel level drops below the transducer=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7027faa07 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+h=1250;//ft
+T=59;//degree fareheit
+p=14.7;//psi (abs)
+sw=0.0765;//lb/ft^3, (specific weight of air at p)
+
+//considering air to be compressible
+//p1/p2= exp(-(g*(z1-z2))/(R*T))
+ratp=exp(-(32.2*h)/(1716*(59+460)));
+disp(ratp,"ratio of pressure at the top to that at the base considering air to be compressible=")
+
+//considering air to be incompressible
+//p2=p1-(sw*(z2-z1));
+ratp1=1-((sw*h)/(p*144));
+disp(ratp1,"ratio of pressure at the top to that at the base considering air to be incompressible=")
+count=1;
+zdiff=0:5000;
+
+for i= 0:5000
+ j(count)=1-((sw*i)/(p*144));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+num=1;
+
+for k=0:5000
+ l(num)=exp(-(32.2*k)/(1716*(59+460)));
+ num=num+1;
+
+end
+plot(zdiff,j,"o")
+plot(zdiff,l,"+")
+xtitle("p2/p1 vs z2-z1","z1-z2","p2/p1")
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.2/2_2graph.jpg b/51/CH2/EX2.2/2_2graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e4f3ac5e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.2/2_2graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..05e64e839 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=10;//degree C
+dmax=40;//m
+p=598;//mm Hg
+//pressure in lake at any depth h is given by p=gamma*h + local barometric pressure 'pbar'
+//pbar/(gamma Hg)=598 mm= .598 m ; (gamma Hg) = 133kN/m^3
+pbar=0.598*133;//kN/m^2
+//(gamma water)=9.804 kN/m^3 at 10 dergree C
+p=(9.804*40)+pbar;//kN/m^2
+disp("kPa",pbar,"The local barometric pressure=")
+disp("kPa",p,"The absolute pressure at a depth of 40 m in the lake=")
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f34202d63 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+sg1=0.90;//specific gravity of oil
+sg2=13.6;//specific gravity of Hg
+h1=36;//inches
+h2=6;//inches
+h3=9;//inches
+//pressure equation: airp+h1*sg1*(gamma water)+h2*sg1*(gamma water)-h3*sg2*(gamma water)=0
+airp=-(sg1*62.4*((h1/12)+(h2/12)))+(sg2*62.4*(h3/12));//lb/ft^2
+//gage pressure = airp
+pgage=airp/144;
+disp("psi",pgage,"Gage pressure=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7af70d7f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+gamma1=9.8;//kN/m^3
+gamma2=15.6;//kN/m^3
+h1=1;//m
+h2=0.5;//m
+//pA-(gamma1)*h1-h2*(gamma2)+(gamma1)*(h1+h2)=pB
+//pA-pB=diffp
+diffp=((gamma1)*h1+h2*(gamma2)-(gamma1)*(h1+h2));
+disp("kPa",diffp,"The difference in pressures at A and B =")
diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..561ee44bf --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+dia=4;//m
+sw=9.8;//kN/m^3; specific weight of water
+hc=10;//m
+ang=60;//degrees
+A=%pi*(dia^2)/4;
+fres=sw*hc*A;
+//for the coordinate system shown xc=xres=0
+Ixc=%pi*((dia/2)^4)/4;
+yc=hc/(sin (ang*%pi/180));
+yres= (Ixc/(yc*A))+yc;
+ydist=yres-yc;
+disp("kN",fres,"The resultant force acting on the gate of the reservoir =");
+disp("m below the shaft and is perpendicular to the gate surface.",ydist,"The resultant force acts through a point along the diameter of the gate at a distance of ")
+M=fres*(ydist)*1000;
+disp("N*m",M,"Moment required to open the gate=")
+hc=1:30;
+for i=1:30
+ ydist(i)=((Ixc/(i/(sin (ang*%pi/180))*A)));
+end
+
+plot2d(hc,ydist)
+xtitle("yres-yc m vs hc m","hc m","yres-yc m")
diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.6/2_6graph.jpg b/51/CH2/EX2.6/2_6graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..ead509d92 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.6/2_6graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7df66def8 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+sw=64;//lb/ft^3; specific weight of water
+h=10;//ft
+a=3;//ft
+b=3;//ft
+
+//shape is triangular, hence hc=h-(a/3)
+hc=h-(a/3);
+A=(0.5*a*b);//ft^3; area of the right angled triangle
+fres=sw*hc*A;//lb
+Ixc=b*(a^3)/36;
+Ixyc=b*(a^2)*(b)/72;
+//according to the coordinate system taken yc=hc and xc=0
+yres=(Ixc/(hc*A))+hc;
+xres=(Ixyc/(hc*A));
+ydist=yres-hc;
+disp("lb",fres,"The resultant force on the area shown is=")
+disp("ft",yres,"yR=")
+disp("ft",xres,"xR=")
+disp("ft below the centroid of the area.",ydist,"ft to the right of and ",xres,"The centre of pressure is")
diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a85540cbb --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+sg=0.9;// specific gravity of oil
+a=0.6;//m
+pgage=50;//kPa
+h1=2;//m
+h2=2.6;//m
+
+//the force on the trapezoid is the sum of the force on the rectangle f1 and force on triangle f2
+f1=((pgage*1000)+(sg*1000*9.81*h1))*(a^2);//N
+f2=sg*1000*9.81*(h2-h1)*(a^2)/2;//N
+fres=f1+f2;//N
+//to find vertical location of fres; fres*yres=(f1*(a/2))+(f2*(h1-h2))
+yres=((f1*(a/2))+(f2*(a/3)))/fres;//m
+disp("kN",(fres/1000),"The resultant force on the plate is=")
+disp("m above the bottom plate alond the vertical line of symmetry.",yres,"The force acts at a distance of ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.sce b/51/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aa0222f84 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+dia=6;//ft
+l=1;//ft
+
+//horizontal force f1=sw*hc*A
+hc=dia/4;//ft
+sw=62.4;//lb/ft^3
+A=dia/2*l;//ft^2
+f1=sw*hc*A;//lb
+//this force f1 acts at a height of radius/3 ft above the bottom
+ht=(dia/2)/3;//ft
+//weight w = sw*volume
+w=sw*((dia/2)^2)*%pi/4*l;//lb
+//this force acts through centre of gravity which is 4*radius/(3*%pi) right of the centre of conduit
+dist=(4*dia/2)/(3*%pi);//ft
+//horizontal force that tank exerts on fluid = f1
+//vertical force that tank exerts on fluid = w
+//resultant force fres =((f1)^2+(w)^2)^0.5
+fres =((f1)^2+(w)^2)^0.5;//lb
+disp("lb",fres,"The resultant force exerted by the tank on the fluid=");
+disp("ft",dist,"above the bottom of the conduit and to the right of the axis of the conduit at a distance of","ft",ht,"The force acts at a distance of")
+
diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a8c5e298e --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=60;//degree farenheit
+z1=5;//ft
+atmp=14.7;//psia
+//applying bernoulli equation at points 1,2 and 3
+z3=-5;//ft
+v1=0;//large tank
+p1=0;//open tank
+p3=0;//open jet
+//applying continuity equation A2*v2=A3*v3; A2=A3; so v2=v3
+v3=(2*32.2*(z1-z3))^0.5;
+//vapor pressure of water at 60 degree farenheit = p2=0.256 psia
+p2=0.256;
+z2=z1-((((p2-atmp)*144)+(0.5*1.94*v3^2))/62.4);
+disp("ft",z2,"The maximum height over which the water can be siphoned without cavitation occuring=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c36f7b19d --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+sg=0.85;
+Q1=0.005;//m^3/s
+Q2=0.05;//m^3/s
+dia1=0.1;//m
+dia2=0.06;//m
+
+//A2/A1=dia2/dia1
+d=sg*1000;
+Arat=(dia2/dia1)^2;
+A2=%pi/4*(dia2^2);
+pdiffs=(Q1^2)*d*(1-(Arat^2))/(2*1000*(A2^2));
+pdiffl=(Q2^2)*d*(1-(Arat^2))/(2*1000*(A2^2));
+disp("kPa",pdiffl,"to","kPa",pdiffs,"kPa","The pressure difference ranges from =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da4255811 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+z1=5;//m
+a=0.8;//m
+b=6;//m
+Cc=0.61;//since a/z1=ratio=0.16<0.2; Cc= contracction coefficient
+z2=Cc*a;
+//Q/b=flowrate
+flowrate=z2*((2*9.81*(z1-z2))/(1-((z2/z1)^2)))^0.5;
+//considering z1>>z2 and neglecting kinetic energy of the upstream fluid
+flowrate1=z2*(2*9.81*z1)^0.5;
+disp("m^2/s",flowrate,"The flowrate per unit width=")
+disp("m^2/s",flowrate1,"The flowrate per unit width when we consider z1>>z2=")
+count=1;
+j=5:15;
+for i=5:15
+ fr(count)=z2*((2*9.81*(i-z2))/(1-((z2/i)^2)))^0.5;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(j,fr,rect=[0,0,15,9])
+xtitle("Q/b vs z1","z1,m","Q/b, m^2/s")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.12/3_12graph.jpg b/51/CH3/EX3.12/3_12graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..900df5d77 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.12/3_12graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f007c3f95 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+//Q=A*V=(H^2)*tan(theta/2)*(C2*(2*g*H)^0.5)
+//Q3H0/QH0=(3H0)^2.5/(H0)^2.5=3^2.5
+Qrat=3^2.5;
+disp("The flowrate is proportional to H^2.5")
+disp("times.",Qrat,"When depth is increased from H0 to 3H0 Q increases ")
diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2b13d7b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+h=10;//Km
+//air is in a standard atmosphere
+p1=26.5;//kPa
+T1=-49.9;//degree celcius
+d=0.414;//Kg/m^3
+k=1.4;
+Ma1=0.82;//Mach
+//for incompressible flow,
+pdiff=(k*Ma1^2)/2*p1;
+//for compressible isentropic flow,
+pdiff1=((1+((k-1)/2)*(Ma1^2))^(k/(k-1))-1)*p1;
+disp("Stagnation pressure on leading edge on the wing of the Boeing:")
+disp("kPa",pdiff,"flow is imcompressible =")
+disp("kPa",pdiff1,"flow is compressible and isentropic =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c60937030 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+V=5;//m/s
+sg=1.03;
+h=50;//m
+//since static pressure is greater than stagnation pressure, Bernoulli's equation is incorrect
+//p2=(d*(V1^2)/2)+(d*g*h) ; V1=V
+p2=(((sg*1000)*(V^2)/2) + (sg*1000*9.81*h))/1000;//kPa
+disp("kPa",p2,"The pressure at stagnation point 2 =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7fcef1d6b --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+v1=100;//mi/hr
+ht=10000;//ft
+//from standard table for static pressure at an altitude
+p1=1456//lb/ft^2(abs)
+P1=1456*0.006947;//psi
+d=0.001756;//slugs/ft^3
+//1 mi/hr = 1.467 ft/s
+p2=p1+(d*(v1*1.467)^2/2);//lb/ft^3
+//in terms of gage pressure p2g
+p2g=p2-p1;//lb/ft^2
+//1lb/ft^2 = 0.006947 psi
+P2=p2*0.006947;//psi
+P2g=p2g*0.006947;//psi
+//pressure difference indicated by the pitot tube = pdiff
+pdiff=P2-P1;//psi
+disp("psi",P1,"Pressure at point 1 =")
+disp("psi",P2g,"Pressure at point 2 in terms of gage pressure=")
+disp("psi",pdiff,"pressure difference indicated by the pitot static tube=")
+v1=0:1:600;
+for i=0:600
+ prat(i+1)=p1/(p1+(d*(i*1.467)^2/2));
+end
+plot2d(v1,prat,rect=[0,0,600,1]);
+xtitle("v1 vs p1/p2","v1, mph","p1/p2")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.6/3_6graph.jpg b/51/CH3/EX3.6/3_6graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..9dfb8ebcd --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.6/3_6graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a07ee461c --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+dia=0.1;//m
+dia1=1.0;//m
+h=2.0;//m
+//bernoulli's equation: p1+(0.5*d*V1^2)+(sw*z1)= p2+(0.5*d*V2^2)+(sw*z2)
+//assuming p1=p2=0, and z1=h and z2=0
+//(0.5*d*V1^2)+(g*h)= (0.5*d*V2^2)
+//assuming steady flow Q1=Q2, Q=A*V. hence, A1*V1=A2*V2
+//V1=((dia/dia1)^2)*V2
+//hence V2=((2*g*h)/(1-(dia/dia1)^4))^0.5
+V2=((2*9.81*h)/(1-(dia/dia1)^4))^0.5;
+Q=(%pi/4*(dia)^2)*V2;
+disp("m^3/sec",Q,"The flow rate needed is=")
+//let Q0 be the flow rate when v1=0, i.e. dia>>dia
+//Q0=(2*g*h)^0.5 and Qrat=Q/Q0
+count=1;
+i=0:0.05:0.8;
+
+for k=0.00:0.05:0.80
+ Qrat(count)=1/((1-(k^4))^0.5);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+
+plot2d(i,Qrat,rect=[0,1,0.8,1.1])
+xtitle("d/D vs Q/Q0","d/D","Q/Q0")
diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.7/3_7graph.jpg b/51/CH3/EX3.7/3_7graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..481b10e8f --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.7/3_7graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sce b/51/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ea14437a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+dia=0.03;//m
+dia1=0.01;//m
+p=3;//kPa(gage)
+//density of air d is found using standard temp and pressure conditions
+d=(p+101)*1000/((286.9)*(15+273));
+//applying Bernoulli's equation at points 1,2 and 3; p=p1
+v3=((2*p*1000)/d)^0.5;
+Q=%pi/4*(dia1^2)*v3;
+//by continuity equation, A2*v2=A3*v3
+v2=((dia1/dia)^2)*v3;
+p2=(p*1000)-(0.5*d*(v2^2));
+disp("m^3/s",Q,"Flowrate =")
+disp("N/m^2",p2,"Pressure in the hose=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sce b/51/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..766a2dcce --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+pratet=-8;//dollars/hr
+pratex=0.2;//dollars/mi
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\4_6data.sci");
+u=(-pratet)/pratex;
+disp("mi/hr",u,"The delivery speed=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d115e76ab --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+v2=20;//m/s
+dia2= 40;//mm
+
+//m1=m2
+//d1*Q1=D2*Q2; where d1=d2 is density of seawater
+//hence Q1=Q2
+Q=v2*(%pi*((dia2/1000)^2)/4);//m^3/sec
+disp("m^3/sec",Q,"Flowrate=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4eb1de048 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+dia1=16;//mm
+h=30;//mm
+dia2=5;//mm
+Q=0.6;//litre/sec
+mass=0.1;//kg
+p1=464;//kPa
+d=999;//kg/m^3
+m=d*Q/1000;//kg/s
+A1=%pi*((dia1/1000)^2)/4;//m^2
+w1=Q/(A1*1000);//m/s
+A2=%pi*((dia2/1000)^2)/4;//m^2
+w2=Q/(A2*1000);//m/s
+Wnozzle=mass*9.81;//N
+volwater=((1/12)*(%pi)*(h)*((dia1^2)+(dia2^2)+(dia1*dia2)))/(1000^3);//m^3
+Wwater=d*volwater*9.81;//N
+F=m*(w1-w2)+Wnozzle+(p1*1000*A1)+Wwater;//N
+disp("N",F,"The anchoring force=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3bbe3ee76 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+A=0.1;//ft^2
+v=50;//ft/s
+p1=30;//psia
+p2=24;//psia
+
+d=1.94;//slugs/ft^3
+//v1=v2=v and A1=A2=A
+m=d*v*A;
+Fay=-m*(v+v)-((p1-14.7)*A*144)-((p2-14.7)*A*144);
+disp("lb",0," and the x component of anchoring force is","lb",Fay,"The y component of anchoring force is ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.13/5_13.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.13/5_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5b899b5d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.13/5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+p1=100;//psia
+p2=18.4;//psia
+T1=540;//degree R
+T2=453;//degree R
+V2=1000;//ft/s
+V1=219;//ft/s
+dia=4;//in
+
+//m=m1=m2
+A2=%pi*((4/12)^2)/4;//ft^2
+//equation of state d*R*T=p
+d2=p2*144/(1716*T2);
+m=A2*d2*V2;//slugs/s
+Rx=A2*144*(p1-p2)-(m*(V2-V1));//lb
+disp("lb",Rx,"Frictional force exerted by pipe wall on air flow=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5309b859a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+v1=200;//m/s
+v2=500;//m/s
+A1=1;//m^2
+p1=78.5;//kPa(abs)
+T1=268;//K
+p2=101;//kPa(abs)
+
+//F=-p1*A1 + p2*A2 + m*(v2-v1)
+//m=d1*A1*v1
+//d1=(p1)/(R*T1)
+d1=(p1*1000)/(286.9*T1);
+m=d1*v1*A1;
+F=-((p1-p2)*A1*1000) + m*(v2-v1);
+disp("N",F,"The thrust for which the stand is to be designed=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.17/5_17.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.17/5_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0d0179a1e --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.17/5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+v1=100;//ft/sec
+v0=20;//ft/sec
+ang=45;//degrees
+A1=0.006;//ft^2
+l=1;//ft
+//m1=m2=m; continuity equation
+//d=density of water= constant
+//w=speed of water relative to the moving control volume=constant=w1=w2
+//w1=v1-v0
+w=v1-v0;
+d=1.94;//slugs/ft^3
+//-Rx=(w1)(-m1)+(w2cos(ang))(m2)
+Rx=d*(w^2)*A1*(1-cos(ang*%pi/180));
+//wwater=(specific wt of water)*A1*l
+wwater=62.4*A1*l;
+Rz=(d*(w^2)*(sin(ang*%pi/180))*A1)+wwater;
+R=((Rx^2)+(Rz^2))^0.5;
+angle=(atan(Rz/Rx))*180/(%pi);
+disp("lb",R,"The force exerted by stream of water on vane surface=")
+disp("degrees",angle,"The force points right and down from the x direction at an angle of=")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.18/5_18.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.18/5_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..72cc54121 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.18/5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Q=1000;//ml/sec
+A=30;//mm^2
+r=200;//mm
+n=500;//rev/min
+//v2 is tangential; v2=vang2
+m=(Q/1000000)*999;//kg/sec
+//m=2*d*(A)*v2=d*Q
+v2=(Q)/(2*A);//m/sec
+//Torque reuired to hold sprinkler stationary
+Tshaft=(-(r/1000)*(v2)*m);//Nm
+//u2=speed of nozzle=r*omega
+//v21=v2-u2
+omega=n*(2*%pi)/60;//rad/sec
+v21=v2-(r*omega/1000);
+//resisting torque when sprinker is rotating at a constant speed of n rev/min
+Tshaft1=(-(r/1000)*(v21)*m);//Nm
+//when no resistintg torque is applied
+//Tshaft=0
+omega1=v2/(r/1000);
+n1=(omega1)*60/(2*%pi);//rpm
+disp("Nm",Tshaft,"Resisting torque required to hold the sprinker stationary=")
+disp("Nm",Tshaft1,"Resisting torque when sprinker is rotating at a constant speed of 500 rev/min=")
+disp("rpm",n1,"Speed of sprikler when no resisting torque is applied=")
+x=0:800;
+
+for i=0:800
+ y(i+1)=(-(r/1000)*(v2-((r/1000)*i*(2*%pi)/60))*m);
+end
+plot2d(x,y,rect=[0,-4,800,0])
+xtitle("Tshaft vs omega","omega,rpm","Tshaft, Nm")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.18/5_18graph.jpg b/51/CH5/EX5.18/5_18graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..15bfa6ec1 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.18/5_18graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.19/5_19.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.19/5_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aa5cbddc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.19/5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+h=1;//in
+Q=230;//ft^3/min
+ang=30;//degrees
+dia1=10;//in
+dia2=12;//in
+n=1725;//rpm
+//m=d*Q
+m=(2.38/1000)*Q/60;
+//u2=rotor blade speed
+u2=(dia2/2)*(n*2*(%pi)/(12*60));
+//m=d*A2*Vr2 and A2=2*%pi*r2*h and r2=dia2/2
+//hence, m=d*2*%pi*r2*h*Vr2
+//Vr2=w2*sin(ang)
+w2=m*12*12/((2.38/1000)*2*(%pi)*(dia2/2)*(h)*sin(ang*(%pi)/180));//ft/sec
+Vang2=u2-(w2*cos(ang*(%pi)/180));//ft/sec
+Wshaft=m*u2*Vang2/(550);//hp
+disp("hp",Wshaft,"The power required to run the fan=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e70c9014e --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+v2=1000;//ft/sec
+p1=100;//psia
+p2=18.4;//psia
+T1=540;//degree R
+T2=453;//degree R
+dia=4;//inches
+//m1=m2
+//d1*A1*v1=d2*A2*v2
+//A1=A2 and d=p/(R*T); since air at pressures and temperatures involved behaves as an ideal gas
+v1=p2*T1*v2/(p1*T2);
+disp("ft/sec",v1,"Velocity at section 1 =")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.20/5_20.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.20/5_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb16ba1e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.20/5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Q=300;//gal/min
+d1=3.5;//in.
+p1=18;//psi
+d2=1;//in.
+p2=60;//psi
+diffu=3000;//ft*lb/slug
+
+//energy equation
+//m(u2-u1+(p1/d)-(p2/d)+((v2^2)-(v1^2))/2 + g*(z2-z1))=q-Wshaft
+m=Q*1.94/(7.48*60);//slugs/sec
+v1=Q*12*12/(%pi*(d1^2)*60*7.48/4);
+v2=Q*12*12/(%pi*(d2^2)*7.48*60/4);
+Wshaft=m*(diffu + (p2*144/1.94) - (p1*144/1.94) + (((v2^2)-(v1^2))/2))/550;//hp
+disp("hp",Wshaft,"The power required by the pump=")
+disp("hp",m*(diffu/550),"The internal energy change accounts for =")
+disp("hp",m*(((p2*144/1.94) - (p1*144/1.94))/550),"The pressure rise accounts for =")
+disp("hp",m*(((v2^2)-(v1^2))/(550*2)),"The kinetic energy change accounts for =")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.21/5_21.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.21/5_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5b536c8f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.21/5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+v1=30;//m/s
+h1=3348;//kJ/kg
+v2=60;//m/s
+h2=2550;//kJ/kg
+
+//energy equation
+//wshaftin=Wshaftin/m= (h2-h1 + ((v2^2)-(v1^2))/2)
+//wshaftout=-wshaftin
+wshaftout=h1-h2 + (((v1^2)-(v2^2))/2000);
+disp("KJ/kg",wshaftout,"The work output involved per unit mass of steam through-flow=")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.22/5_22.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.22/5_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f5f28816 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.22/5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+z=500;//ft
+//energy equation
+//T2-T1 = (u2 - u1)/c = g*(z2 - z1)/c; c=specific heat of water = 1 Btu/(lbm* degree R)
+diffT = 32.2*z/(778*32.2);//degree R
+disp("degree R",diffT,"The temperature change associated with this flow=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.23/5_23.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.23/5_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d3fcb915 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.23/5_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+dia=120;//mm
+p=1.0;//kPa
+
+//using energy equation
+//Q=A2*v2=A2*((p1-p2)/(d*(1+Kl)/2)); d =density, Kl= loss coefficient
+Kl1=0.05;;
+Kl2=0.5;
+//for rounded entrance cyliindrical vent
+Q1=(%pi*((dia/1000)^2)/4)*(p*1000*2/(1.23*(1+Kl1)))^0.5;
+//for cylindrical vent
+Q2=(%pi*((dia/1000)^2)/4)*(p*1000*2/(1.23*(1+Kl2)))^0.5;
+
+disp("m^3/sec",Q1,"The volume fowrate associated with the rounded entrance cylindrical vent configuration =")
+disp("m^3/sec",Q2,"The volume fowrate associated with the cylindrical vent configuration =")
+KLoss=0:0.01:0.5;
+count=1;
+for i=0:0.01:0.5
+ flow(count)=(%pi*((dia/1000)^2)/4)*(p*1000*2/(1.23*(1+i)))^0.5;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(KLoss,flow,rect=[0,0,0.5,0.5])
+xtitle("Q vs KL","KL","Q, (m^3)/sec")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.23/5_23graph.jpg b/51/CH5/EX5.23/5_23graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..048099548 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.23/5_23graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.24/5_24.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.24/5_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..314cabf6e --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.24/5_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+p=0.4;//kW
+dia=0.6;//m
+v2=12;//m/s
+v1=0;//m/s
+//energy equation
+Wuseful=(v2^2)/2;
+//wshaftin= Wshaftin/m
+wshaftin=(p*1000)/(1.23*%pi*(0.6^2)*12/4);
+eff=Wuseful/wshaftin;
+disp("N.m/kg",Wuseful,"The work to air which provides useful effect-=")
+disp(eff,"Fluid mechanical efficiency of this fan=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.25/5_25.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.25/5_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2611bd657 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.25/5_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+p=10;//hp
+z=30;//ft
+hl=15;//ft
+//energy equation
+//hs=Wshaftin/(sw*Q) = hl+z
+Q=(p*550)/((hl+z)*62.4);
+wloss=62.4*Q*hl/550;
+disp("ft^3/s",Q,"Flowrate =")
+disp("hp",wloss,"Power loss=")
+loss=0:25;
+for i=0:25
+ q(i+1)=(p*550)/((i+z)*62.4);
+end
+plot2d(loss,q,rect=[0,0,25,3.5])
+xtitle("Flowrate vs headloss","hs,ft","Q, ft^3/sec")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.25/5_25graph.jpg b/51/CH5/EX5.25/5_25graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..681e66acf --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.25/5_25graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.26/5_26.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.26/5_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..04eb186b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.26/5_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+m=0.1;//kg/min
+dia1=60;//mm
+alpha1=2.0;
+dia2=30;//mm
+alpha2=1.08;
+p=0.1;//kPa
+power=0.14;//W
+
+wshaftin=power*60/m;//Nm/kg
+vavg1=m*1000*1000/(60*1.23*%pi*dia1*dia1/4);
+vavg2=m*1000*1000/(60*1.23*%pi*dia2*dia2/4);
+loss1=wshaftin-(p*1000/1.23)+((vavg1^2)/2)-((vavg2^2)/2);//Nm/kg
+loss2=wshaftin-(p*1000/1.23)+(alpha1*(vavg1^2)/2)-(alpha2*(vavg2^2)/2);//Nm/kg
+disp("Nm/kg",loss1,"Loss for uniform velocity profile=")
+disp("Nm/kg",loss2,"Loss for actual velocity profile=")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.29/5_29.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.29/5_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..94c4674a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.29/5_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+p1=100;//psia
+T1=520;//degree R
+p2=14.7;//psia
+
+//for incompressible flow
+
+d=p1*144/(1716*T1);//where d=density, calculated by assuminng air to behave like an ideal gas
+//Bernoulli equation
+v2=(2*(p1-p2)*144/d)^0.5;//ft/sec
+disp("ft/sec",v2,"The velocity of expanded air considering incompressible flow =")
+
+//for compressible flow
+
+k=1.4;//for air
+d1=d;
+d2=d1*((p2/p1)^(1/k));//where d2=density of expanded air
+//bernoulli equation
+V2=((2*k/(k-1))*((p1*144/d1)-(p2*144/d2)))^0.5;//ft/s
+disp("ft/s",V2,"The velocity of expanded air considering compressible flow =")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..553bc103a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+m1=22;//slugs/hr
+m3=0.5;//slugs/hr
+//-m1+m2+m3=0
+m2=m1-m3;
+disp("slugs/hr",m2,"Mass flowrate of the dry air and water vapour leaving the dehumidifier=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e3d432eb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Q=9;//gal/min
+l=5;//ft
+b=2;//ft
+H=1.5;//ft
+//continuity equation to water: integral of m= d*((h*b*l)+(H-h)*A); where A is cross-sectional area of faucet
+//m=d*(b*l-A)*dh/dt, where dh/dt= hrate
+//m=d*Q
+//since A<<l*b, it can be neglected
+fn=poly([0 (1.94*l*b)],"h","c");
+x=derivat(fn);//x=m/(dh/dt)
+hrate=Q*12*1.94/(x*7.48);
+disp("in./min",hrate,"Time rate of change of depth of water in tub =")
+d=0:30;
+for i=0:30
+ hrate1(i+1)=(Q*12*12*12)/(((l*b*12*12)-(%pi*(i^2)/4))*7.48);
+end
+plot2d(d,hrate1,rect=[0,0,30,3])
+xtitle("graph","D, in.","dh/dt, in./min")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.5/5_5graph.jpg b/51/CH5/EX5.5/5_5graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..c48a0cda3 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.5/5_5graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9d123e7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+v=971;//km/hr
+v2=1050;//km/hr
+A1=0.80;//m^2
+d1=0.736;//Kg/m^3
+A2=0.558;//m^2
+d2=0.515;//Kg/m^3
+
+//w1=v=intake velocity
+//mass flow rate of fuel intake = d2*A2*w2 - d1*A1*w1
+w2=v2+v;
+m=(d2*A2*w2 - d1*A1*v)*1000;
+disp("kg/hr",m,"The mass flow rate of fuel intake = ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..79dbae901 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Q=1000;//ml/s
+A2=30;//mm^2
+rotv=600;//rpm
+
+//mass in = mass out
+w2=(Q*0.001*1000000)/(2*A2*1000);
+disp("m/s",w2,"Average speed of water leaving each nozzle when sprinkle head is stationary and when it rotates with a constant speed of 600rpm =")
diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..861f0fa25 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Ap=500;//mm^2
+Q2=300;//cm^3/min
+Qleak=0.1*Q2;//cm^3/min
+//A1=Ap
+//mass conservation in control volume
+//-d*A1*V + m2 + d*Qleak =0; m2=d*Q2
+//V=(Q2+Qleak)/Ap
+V=(Q2+Qleak)*1000/Ap;
+disp("mm/min",V,"The speed at which the plunger should be advanced=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sce b/51/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4194ddded --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Q=9;//gal/min
+l=5;//ft
+b=2;//ft
+H=1.5;//ft
+//deforming control volume
+//hrate=Q/(l*b-A)
+//A<<l*b
+hrate=Q*12/(l*b*7.48);
+disp("in./min",hrate,"Time rate of change of depth of water in tub =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sce b/51/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c6197efe --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+d=1.18*1000;//kg/m^3
+vis=0.0045;//Ns/m^2, viscosity
+Q=12;//ml/sec
+dia1=4;//mm
+l=1;//m
+dia2=2;//mm
+V=Q/(1000000*%pi*((dia1/1000)^2)/4);//mean velocity, m/sec
+Re=(d*V*dia1/1000)/vis;
+disp(" is well below critical value of 2100 so flow is laminar.",Re,"a) The Reynolds number ")
+pdiff=(8*vis*(l)*(12/1000000)/(%pi*(dia1/2000)^4))/1000;//kPa
+disp("kPa",pdiff,"The pressure drop along a 1 m length of the tube which is far from the tube entrance so that the only component of velocity is parallel to the the tube axis=")
+//for flow in the annulus
+V1=Q/(1000000*%pi*(((dia1/1000)^2)-((dia2/1000)^2))/4);//mean velocity, m/sec
+Re1=d*((dia1-dia2)/1000)*V1/vis;
+disp(" is well below critical value of 2100 so flow is laminar.",Re1,"b) The Reynolds number ")
+r1=dia1/2000;
+r2=dia2/2000;
+pdiff1=((8*vis*(l)*(12/1000000)/(%pi))*((r1^4)-(r2^4)-((((r1^2)-(r2^2))^2)/(log(r1/r2))))^(-1))/1000;//kPa
+disp("kPa",pdiff1,"The pressure drop along a 1 m length of the symmetric annulus =")
+
+rratio=0.001:0.001:0.5;
+count=1;
+for i=0.001:0.001:0.5
+ pratio(count)=1/((i^4)*((1/(i^4))-1-((((1/(i^2))-1)^2)/log(1/i))));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(rratio,pratio,rect=[0,0,0.5,8])
+xtitle("ri/ro vs pdiff(annulus)/pdiff(tube)","ri/ro","pdiff(annulus)/pdiff(tube)")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH6/EX6.10/6_10graph.jpg b/51/CH6/EX6.10/6_10graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e8fa40bb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH6/EX6.10/6_10graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce b/51/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3fd8c7ef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+p1=30;//kPa
+d=1000;//kg/(m^3)
+r1=1;//m
+r2=0.5;//m
+//applying energy equation between points (1) and (2) and using the equation V^2=16*(r^2)
+V1=(16*(r1^2))^0.5;//m/sec
+V2=(16*(r2^2))^0.5;//m/sec
+p2=((p1*1000)+(d*((V1^2)-(V2^2)))/2)/1000;//kPa
+disp("kPa",p2,"The pressure at point (2) =")
diff --git a/51/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce b/51/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12dfa095d --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;
+clear;ang1=0;//radians
+ang2=%pi/6;//radians
+vp='-2*log(r)';
+//vr=d(vp)/d'r
+//vr=(-2)/r;
+//vang=(1/r)*(d(vp)/d(ang))
+vang=0;
+q=(integrate('-2','ang',ang1,ang2));
+disp("ft^2/sec",q,"Volume rate of flow (per unit length) into the opening = ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce b/51/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1261a4cde --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+h=200;//ft
+U=40;//mi/hr
+d=0.00238;//slugs/ft^3
+//V^2= (U^2)*(1 + (2*b*cos(ang)/r) + ((b^2)/(r^2)))
+//at point 2, ang=%pi/2
+//r=b*(%pi-ang)/sin(ang)=(%pi*b/2)
+V=U*(1+(4/(%pi^2)))^0.5;//mi/hr
+y2=h/2;//ft
+//bernoulli equation
+//p1-p2= d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)) + (sw*(y2-y1))
+V1=U*(5280/3600);
+V2=V*(5280/3600);
+pdiff=((d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))/2) + (d*32.2*(y2)))/144;//psi
+disp("mi/hr",V,"The magnitude of velocity at (2) for a 40 mi/hr approaching wind =")
+disp("psi",pdiff,"The pressure difference between points (1) and (2)=")
+u=0:100;
+
+for i=0:100
+ pd(i+1)= ((d*((((i*(1+(4/(%pi^2)))^0.5)*(5280/3600))^2)-((i*(5280/3600))^2))/2) + (d*32.2*(y2)))/144;
+end
+plot2d(u,pd,rect=[0,0,100,0.14])
+xtitle("(p1-p2) vs U","U,mph","p1-p2 ,psi")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH6/EX6.7/6_7graph.jpg b/51/CH6/EX6.7/6_7graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a4e19bfd --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH6/EX6.7/6_7graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce b/51/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c559c777d --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=0.1;//m
+H=0.3;//m
+v=50;//km/hr
+Dm=20;//mm
+T=20;//degree C
+fm=49.9;//Hz ; frequency for the model
+//f=func(D,H,V,d,vis)
+//f=T^(-1); D=l; H=L; V=L*(T^(-1)); d=M*(L^(-3)); vis=M*(L^(-1))*(T^(-1))
+//by applying pi theorem,
+//(f*D/V)=funct((D/H),(d*V*D/vis))
+//hence; Dm/Hm = D/H, dm*Vm*Dm/vism = d*V*D/vis, and (f*D/V)=(fm*Dm/Vm)
+Hm=(Dm*H*1000/(D*1000));//mm
+V=v*1000/3600;//m/s
+vism=1/1000;//kg/(m*s)
+vis=1.79/100000;//kg/(m*s)
+d=1.23;//kg/(m^3)
+dm=998;//kg/(m^3)
+Vm=(vism*d*D*V*1000)/(vis*dm*Dm);//m/s
+f=(V/Vm)*(Dm/(D*1000))*fm;//Hz
+disp("mm",Hm,"The model dimension =")
+disp("m/s",Vm,"The velocity at which the test should be performed=")
+disp("Hz",f,"The predicted prototype vortex shredding frequency =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce b/51/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..00dac5414 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=2;//ft
+Q=30;//cfs
+Dm=3;//in
+//Rem=Re; hence (Vm*Dm/kvism)=(V*D/kvis); where kvis is kinematic viscosity
+//kvis=kvism; same fluid is used for model and prototype
+//(Vm/V)=(D/Dm)
+//Q=VA; hence Qm/Q = (Vm*Am)/(V*A)=(Dm/D)
+Qm=(Dm/12)*Q/D;//cfs
+disp("cfs",Qm,"The required flowrate in the model=")
+Drat=0.04:0.01:1;
+count=1;
+for i=0.04:0.01:1
+ Vrat(count)=1/i;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(Drat,Vrat,rect=[0,0,1,25])
+xtitle("Vm/V vs Dm/D","Dm/D","Vm/V")
diff --git a/51/CH7/EX7.6/7_6graph.jpg b/51/CH7/EX7.6/7_6graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..dfbf80842 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH7/EX7.6/7_6graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce b/51/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2106c81c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+V=240;//mph
+ratio=1/10;
+Vair=240;//mph
+Fm=1;//lb; Fm =drag force on model
+p=14.7;//psia; standard atmospheric pressure
+//Re=Rem
+//(d*V*l/vis)=(dm*Vm*lm/vism)
+//here Vm=V and lm/l=ratio
+//assumption made is that an increase in pressure does not significantly change viscosity
+drat=V/(ratio*Vair);//where drat=dm/d
+//for an ideal gas p=d*R*T
+//T=Tm
+//hence, pm/p=dm/d; pm/p=prat
+pm=p*drat;
+//F/(0.5*d*(V^2)*(l^2))=Fm/(0.5*dm*(Vm^2)*(lm^2))
+F=(1/drat)*((V/Vair)^2)*((1/ratio)^2)*Fm;
+disp("psia",pm,"The required air pressure in the tunnel=")
+disp("lb",F,"The corrosponding drag on the prtotype for a 1 lb drag on the model=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce b/51/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..20bb238be --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+w=20;//m
+Q=125;//(m^3)/s
+ratio=1/15;
+t=24;//hours
+wm=ratio*w;//m
+//Vm/(gm*lm)^0.5 = V/(g*l)^0.5
+//gm=g
+//Q=VA and lm/l=1/15
+//hence Qm/Q = ((lm/l)^0.5)*((lm/l)^2) = ratio^2.5
+Qm=(ratio^2.5)*Q;
+//V=l/t
+//tm/t=(V/Vm)*(lm/l)=ratio^0.5
+tm=(ratio^0.5)*t;//hours
+disp("m",wm,"The required model width=")
+disp("(m^3)/s",Qm,"The required model flowrate=")
+disp("hrs",tm,"The operating time for the model=")
+lrat=0.01:0.01:0.5;
+count=1;
+for i=0.01:0.01:0.5
+ tmodel(count)=(i^0.5)*t;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(lrat,tmodel,rect=[0,0,0.5,20])
+xtitle("tm vs lm/l","lm/l","tm, hr")
diff --git a/51/CH7/EX7.8/7_8graph.jpg b/51/CH7/EX7.8/7_8graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..304ec6913 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH7/EX7.8/7_8graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..65f3ee38a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T1=50;//degree farenheit
+D=0.73;//in
+vol=0.0125;//ft^3
+T2=140;//degree farenheit
+
+vis1=2.73/100000;//lb*s/ft^2 at 50 degree farenheit
+vis2=0.974/100000;//lb*s/ft^2 at 140 degree farenheit
+
+//for 50 degree farenheit
+//if flow is laminar, maximum Re=2100; Re=d*V*D/vis
+V1=2100*vis1/(1.94*D/12);
+t1=vol/(%pi*((D/12)^2)/4*V1);
+//if flow is turbulent, minimum Re=4000
+V2=4000*vis1/(1.94*D/12);
+t2=vol/(%pi*((D/12)^2)/4*V2);
+
+//for 140 degree farenheit
+//if flow is laminar, maximum Re=2100; Re=d*V*D/vis
+V3=2100*vis2/(1.94*D/12);
+t3=vol/(%pi*((D/12)^2)/4*V3);
+//if flow is turbulent, minimum Re=4000
+V4=4000*vis2/(1.94*D/12);
+t4=vol/(%pi*((D/12)^2)/4*V4);
+
+disp("For laminar flow")
+disp("seconds",t1,"The time taken to fill the glass at 50 degree F=")
+disp("seconds",t3,"The time taken to fill the glass 100 degree F=")
+disp("For turbulent flow:")
+disp("seconds",t2,"The time taken to fill the glass at 50 degree F=")
+disp("seconds",t4,"The time taken to fill the glass at 140 degree F=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..de686e54a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=4;//in
+l=20;//ft
+n=4;//number of 90 degree elbows
+h=0.2;//in
+T=100;//degree F
+//energy equation between the inside of the dryer and the exit of the vent pipe
+p1=(h/12)*62.4;//lb/(ft^2)
+KLentrance=0.5;
+KLelbow=1.5;
+sw=0.0709;//lb/(ft^3)
+f=0.022;//assumption
+//hence,
+V=((p1/sw)*2*32.2/(1+(f*l/(D/12))+KLentrance+(n*KLelbow)))^0.5;//ft/sec
+Q=V*(%pi*((D/12)^2)/4);//(ft^3)/sec
+disp("(ft^3)/sec",Q,"The flowrate=")
+
diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..154d279f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Pa=50;//hp
+D=1;//ft
+l=300;//ft
+f=0.02;
+z1=90;//ft
+//energy equation between the surface of the lake and the outlet of the pipe
+//p1=V1=p2=z2=0; V2=V
+//hL=f*l*(V^2)/(D *2*g)
+//hT=Pa/(sw*%pi*(D^2)*V/4)
+c1=(Pa*550)/(62.4*%pi*(D^2)/4)//561
+c2=f*l/(D*2*32.2)//0.0932
+fn=poly([c1 (-z1) 0 ((1/(2*32.2))+(c2))],"V","c");
+r=roots(fn);
+V1=r(1);//ft/sec
+V2=r(2);//ft/sec
+Q1=(%pi*(D^2)/4)*V1;//(ft^3)/sec
+Q2=(%pi*(D^2)/4)*V2;//(ft^3)/sec
+disp("(ft^3)/sec",Q2,"and","(ft^3)/sec",Q1,"The possible flowrates are=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e9162813 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+roughness=0.0005;//ft
+Q=2;//(ft^3)/sec
+pd=0.5;//psi; where pd=pressure drop
+l=100;//ft
+d=0.00238;//slugs/(ft^3)
+vis=3.74*(10^(-7));//lb*sec/(ft^2)
+x=Q/(%pi/4);//where x =V*(D^2)
+//energy equation with z1=z2 and V1=V2
+y=l*d*(x^2)*0.5/(pd*144);//where y=(D^5)/f
+f=0.027;//using reynolds number, roughness and moody's chart
+D=(y*f)^(1/5);//ft
+disp("ft",D,"The diameter of the pipe should be =")
+q=0.01:0.01:3;
+count=1;
+for i=0.01:0.01:3
+ dia(count)=((l*d*((i/(%pi/4))^2)*0.5/(pd*144))*f)^(1/5);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(q,dia,rect=[0,0,3,0.25])
+xtitle("D vs Q","Q, (ft^3)/sec","D, ft")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.12/8_12graph.jpg b/51/CH8/EX8.12/8_12graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..b0164c406 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.12/8_12graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50ff1dbad --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=60;//degree F
+kvis=1.28*(10^(-5));//(ft^2)/sec
+l=1700;//ft
+roughness=0.0005;//ft
+Q=26;//(ft^3)/sec
+n=4;//number of flanged 45 degree elbows
+z1=44;//ft
+x=Q/(%pi/4);//where x=V*(D^2)
+KLentrance=0.5;
+KLelbow=0.2;
+KLexit=1;
+//Finding f from Re, roughness and moody's chart
+f=0.01528;
+sumKL=(n*KLelbow)+KLentrance+KLexit;
+y=f*l;
+//V^2 = (x^2)/(D^4)
+//energy equation with p1=p2pV1=V2=z2=0
+z=(2*32.2*z1)/((x^2)*l);
+k=sumKL/l;
+fn=poly([(-f) (-k) 0 0 0 z],'D','c');
+r=roots(fn);
+disp("ft",r(1),"The diameter=")
+count=1;
+len=400:2000;
+for i=400:2000
+ root=roots(poly([(-f) (-(sumKL/i)) 0 0 0 ((2*32.2*z1)/((x^2)*i))],'a','c'));
+ dia(count)=root(1);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(len,dia,rect=[0,0,2000,1.8])
+xtitle("D vs l","l, ft","D, ft")
diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.13/8_13graph.jpg b/51/CH8/EX8.13/8_13graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..50121250f --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.13/8_13graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff8ec6349 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=1;//ft
+f=0.02;
+z1=100;//ft
+z2=20;//ft
+z3=0;//ft
+l1=1000;//ft
+l2=500;//ft
+l3=400;//ft
+//assuming fluid flows into B
+//applying energy equation bwtween (1 and 3) and (1 and 2) and using the relation V1=V2+V3
+c1=z1*32.2*2/(f*l1);
+c2=(z1-z2)*32.2*2/(f*l1);
+x=(c1-c2)/(l3/l1);//160
+y=(l2/l1)/(l3/l1);//1.25
+a=c2-x;//98
+b=(a*2*(y+(l2/l1)));//539
+c=4*x+b;//1179
+d=-((y+(l2/l1))^2)+(4*y);//-2.5625
+e=-(a^2);//-9604
+fn=poly([e 0 c 0 d],'V2','c');
+r=roots(fn);
+V2=r(1);
+V1=(c2-(l2/l1)*V2)^0.5;
+A=(%pi/4*(D^2));
+Q1=V1*A;
+Q2=V2*A;
+Q3=Q1-Q2;
+disp("(ft^3)/sec",Q1,"Q1 (out of A)=")
+disp("(ft^3)/sec",Q2,"Q2 (into B)=")
+disp("(ft^3)/sec",Q3,"Q3 (into C)=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1289ba7db --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=60;//mm
+pdiff=4;//kPa
+Q=0.003;//(m^3)/sec
+d=789;//kg/(m^3)
+vis=1.19*(10^(-3));//N*sec/(m^2)
+Re=d*4*Q/(%pi*D*vis);
+//assuming B=dia/D=0.577, where dia=diameter of nozzle, and obtaining Cn from Re as 0.972
+Cn=0.972;
+B=0.577;
+dia=((4*Q/(Cn*%pi))/((2*pdiff*1000/(d*(1-(B^4))))^0.5))^0.5;
+disp("mm",dia*1000,"Diameter of the nozzle=")
diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..05aaf941b --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+vis=0.4;//Ns/(m^2)
+d=900;//kg/(m^3)
+D=0.02;//m
+Q=2.0*(10^-5);//(m^3)/s
+x1=0;
+x2=10;//m
+p1=200;//kPa
+x3=5;//m
+V=Q/(%pi*(D^2)/4);//m/s
+Re=d*V*D/vis;
+disp("Hence the flow is laminar.",Re,"a) Reynolds number =")
+pdiff=128*vis*(x2-x1)*Q/(%pi*(D^4)*1000);
+//for part b0 p1=p2; Q=%pi*(pdiff-(sw*l*sin(ang)))*(D^4)/(128*vis*l)
+ang=(asin(-128*vis*Q/(%pi*d*9.81*(D^4))))*180/%pi;
+//since sin(ang) doesn= not depend on pdiff, the the pressure is constant all along the pipe
+//hence for c)
+p3=p1;//kPa
+disp("kPa.",pdiff,"The pressure drop required if the pipe is horizontal=")
+disp("degrees.",ang,"b) The angle of the hill the pipe must be on if the oil is to flow at the same rate as a) but with (p1=p2) =")
+disp("kPa",p3,"c) For conditions of part b), the pressure at x3=5 m = ")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1e8b9582a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=[60 80 100 120 140 160];//degree F
+d=[2.07 2.06 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.02];//(slugs/(ft^3))
+vis=[0.04 0.019 0.0038 0.00044 0.000092 0.000023];//lb*sec/(ft^2)
+Q=0.5;//(ft^3)/sec
+T1=100;//degree F
+l=6;//ft
+D=3;//in
+//Q=K*pdiff; where pdiff=p1-p2
+//hence K=%pi*(D^4)/(128*vis*l)
+count=1;
+for i=1:6
+ K(i)=(%pi*((D/12)^4))/(128*vis(i)*l);
+end
+plot2d(T,K,logflag='nl')
+xtitle("K vs T","T, degree F","K, (ft^5)/(lb.sec)")
+pdiff=(128*Q*vis(3)*l)/(%pi*((D/12)^4));//when temperature is 100 degree F
+disp("lb/(ft^2)",pdiff,"The pressure drop for the given Q and T =")
+V=Q/(%pi*((D/12)^2)/4);//ft/sec
+Re=d(3)*V*(D/12)/vis(3);
+disp("hence the flow is laminar",Re,"The reynolds number=")
+stress=pdiff*(D/12)/(4*l);//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("lb/(ft^2)",stress,"The wall stress for the given Q and T =")
+Fp=(%pi/4)*((D/12)^2)*pdiff;//lb
+Fv=(2*%pi)*((D/12)/2)*l*stress;//lb
+disp("lb",Fp,"The net pressure force =")
+disp("lb",Fv,"The net viscous/shear force =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.3/8_3graph.jpg b/51/CH8/EX8.3/8_3graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..a779da769 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.3/8_3graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b0740021 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=20;//degree C
+d=998;//kg/(m^3)
+kvis=1.004*(10^-6);//(m^2)/s; where kvis=kinematic viscosity
+D=0.1;//m
+Q=0.04;//(m^3)/sec
+pgrad=2.59;//kPa/m; where pgrad is pressure gradient
+r=0.025;//m
+stress=D*(pgrad*1000)/(4*1);//N/(m^2)
+uf=(stress/d)^0.5;//m/sec; where uf is frictional velocity
+ts=5*kvis*1000/(uf);//mm; where ts is the thickness of the viscous sublayer
+disp("mm",ts,"The thickness of the viscous sublayer=")
+V=Q/(%pi*(D^2)/4);//m/s
+Re=V*D/kvis;
+disp("hence the flow is turbulent.",Re,"The reynolds number=")
+n=8.4;//from turbulent flow velocity profile diagram
+
+//Q=(%pi)*(R^2)*V
+R=1;//assumption
+//let Q/Vc=x
+x=integrate('((1-(r/R))^(1/n))*(2*%pi*r)','r',0,R);
+q=%pi*(R^2)*V;
+Vc=q/x;//m/s
+disp("m/s",Vc,"The approximate centerline velocity=")
+stress1=(2*stress*r)/D;//N/(m^2)
+//d(uavg)/dr=urate=-(Vc/(n*R))*((1-(r/R))^((1-n)/n)); where uavg=average velocity
+urate=-(Vc/(n*(D/2)))*((1-(r/(D/2)))^((1-n)/n));//s^(-1)
+stresslam=-(kvis*d*urate);//N/(m^2)
+stressratio=(stress1-stresslam)/stresslam;
+disp(stressratio,"The ratio of teh turbulent to laminar stress at a point midway between the centreline and the pipe wall =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..202dce95e --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=4;//mm
+V=50;//m/sec
+l=0.1;//m
+d=1.23;//kg/(m^3)
+vis=1.79/100000;//N*sec/(m^2)
+Re=d*V*(D/1000)/vis;
+//if flow is laminar
+f=64/Re;
+pdiff=f*l*0.5*d*(V^2)/((D/1000)*1000);//kPa
+disp("kPa",pdiff,"The pressure drop if the flow is laminar=")
+//if flow is turbulent
+//roughness=0.0015; hence f=0.028
+f1=0.028;
+pdiff1=f1*l*0.5*d*(V^2)/((D/1000)*1000);//kPa
+disp("kPa",pdiff1,"The pressure drop if flow is turbulent=")
+
diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ddfc54b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+A=[22 28 35 35 4 4 10 18 22];
+V=[36.4 28.6 22.9 22.9 200 200 80 44.4 36.4];
+//minimum area is at location 5, hence max velocity is at 5
+c5=(1.4**1716*(460+59))^0.5;//ft/sec
+Ma5=V(5)/c5;
+//applying energy equation between locations 1 and 9
+//hL=hp=(p1-p9)/sw=pdiff/sw
+//Pa=sw*Q*hp=sw*A(5)*V(5)*hL
+KLcorner=0.2;
+KLdif=0.6;
+KLscr=4;
+hL=((KLcorner*(((V(7))^2)+((V(8))^2)+((V(2))^2)+((V(3))^2))) + (KLdif*(((V(6))^2))) + (KLcorner*((V(5))^2)) + (KLscr*((V(4))^2)))/(2*32.2);//ft
+Pa=0.0765*A(5)*V(5)*hL/550;//hp
+pdiff=0.0765*hL/144;//psi
+disp("psi",pdiff,"The value of (p1-p9)=")
+disp("hp",Pa,"The horsepower supplied to the fluid by the fan=")
+v=50:300;
+count=1;
+for i=50:300
+ power(count)=0.0765*((((KLcorner*((A(5)*i/A(7))^2)+((A(5)*i/(A(8)))^2)+((A(5)*i/A(2))^2)+((A(5)*i/A(3))^2))) + (KLdif*(((A(5)*i/A(6))^2))) + (KLcorner*((i)^2)) + (KLscr*((A(5)*i/A(4))^2)))/(2*32.2))*(A(5))*i/550;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(v,power,rect=[0,0,300,250])
+xtitle("Pa vs V5","V5, ft/sec","Pa, hp")
diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.6/8_6graph.jpg b/51/CH8/EX8.6/8_6graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4acb7c5b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.6/8_6graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..43e0a9a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=120;//degree F
+D=8;//in
+vavg=10;//ft/s
+roughness=0;
+kvis=1.89/10000;//(ft^2)/s
+Re=vavg*(D/12)/kvis;
+//from this value of Re and roughness/D=0, and using Moody's chart
+f=0.022;
+hLperl=f*(vavg^2)/(D*2*32.2/12);
+//Dh=4*A/P=4*(a^2)/(4*a)=a
+
+//Vs=(%pi*((D/12)^2)*vavg)/(4*a^2)
+//a=f*((%pi*((D/12)^2)*vavg)/(4*a^2))/(2*32.2) and Reh=((%pi*((D/12)^2)*vavg)/(4*a^2))*a/kvis
+//by trial and error
+f=0.023;
+x=(%pi*((D/12)^2)*vavg/4)^2;
+y=x*f/(2*32.2);
+a=((y/0.0512)^(1/5))*12;//in
+disp("inches",a,"The duct size(a) for the square duct if the head loss per foot remains the same for the pipe and the duct=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bd0e1af96 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=60;//degree F
+D=0.0625;//ft
+Q=0.0267;//(ft^3)/sec
+Df=0.5;//in
+l1=15;//ft
+l2=10;//ft
+l3=5;//ft
+l4=10;//ft
+l5=10;//ft
+l6=10;//ft
+V1=Q/(%pi*(D^2)/4);//ft/sec
+V2=Q/(%pi*((Df/12)^2)/4);//ft/sec
+d=1.94;//slugs/ft
+vis=2.34/100000;//lb*sec/(ft^2)
+Re=d*V1*D/vis;
+disp("hence the flow is turbulent",Re,"The reynolds number =")
+//applying energy equation between points 1 and 2
+//when all head losses are excluded
+p1=(d*32.2*(l2+l4))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)));//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("psi",p1/144,"a)The pressure at point 1 when all head losses are neglected=")
+//if major losses are included
+f=0.0215;
+hLmajor=f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2);
+p11=p1+(d*32.2*hLmajor);//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("psi",p11/144,"b)The pressure at point 1 when only major head losses are included=")
+//if major and minor losses are included
+KLelbow=1.5;
+KLvalve=10;
+KLfaucet=2;
+hLminor=(KLvalve+(4*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2);
+p12=p11+(d*32.2*hLminor);//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("psi",p12/144,"c)The pressure at point 1 when both major and minor head losses are included=")
+H=(p1/(32.2*1.94))+(V1*V1/(2*32.2));//ft
+dist=0:60;
+for i=0:15
+ press(i+1)=p1/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*(l2+l4))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+(4*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=((press1(i+1))*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2));
+end
+for i=16:25
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+(3*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(i-l1);
+end
+for i=26:30
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(25-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(25-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+(2*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+l2;
+end
+for i=31:40
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(32.2*d*(KLvalve+(KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(i-(l1+l3));
+end
+for i=41:50
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(l2+l4);
+end
+for i=51:60
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+d*32.2*((KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(l2+l4);
+end
+plot(dist,press,"o-")
+plot(dist,press1,"x-")
+h1=legend(['without losses';'with losses'])
+xtitle("p vs distance long pipe from (1)","distance along pipe from (1), ft","p, psi")
+xclick(1);
+clf();
+plot(dist,head,"o-")
+plot(dist,head1,"x-")
+h2=legend(['energy line with no losses';'energy line including losses'])
+xtitle("H vs distance long pipe from (1)","distance along pipe from (1), ft","H,elevation to energy line, ft")
+
+end
diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8graph1.jpg b/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8graph1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..3f5051787 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8graph1.jpg diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8graph2.jpg b/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8graph2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9528e686 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.8/8_8graph2.jpg diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.sce b/51/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..54cf858a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=140;//degree F
+sw=53.7;//lb/(ft^3)
+vis=8/100000;//lb*sec/(ft^2)
+l=799;//miles
+D=4;//ft
+Q=117;//(ft^3)/sec
+V=9.31;//ft/sec
+//energy equation=> hp=hL=f*(l/D)*((V^2)/(2*g))
+f=0.0125;
+hp=f*(l*5280/D)*((V^2)/(2*32.2));//ft
+Pa=sw*Q*hp/550;//hp
+disp("hp",Pa,"The horsepower required to drive the system=")
+dia=2:0.01:6;
+count=1;
+for i=2:0.01:6
+ power(count)=sw*Q*(f*(l*5280/i)*(((Q/(%pi*(i^2)/4))^2)/(2*32.2)))/550;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(dia,power,rect=[0,0,6,4000000])
+xtitle("Pa vs D","D, ft","Pa, hp")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH8/EX8.9/8_9graph.jpg b/51/CH8/EX8.9/8_9graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..df9ff5d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH8/EX8.9/8_9graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..184b958f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+U=25;//ft/sec
+p=0;//gage
+b=10;//ft
+t=1.24*(10^-3);//where t=stress*(x^0.5)
+a=0.744;//where a=p/(1-((y^2)/4))
+p1=-0.893;//lb/(ft^2)
+drag1=2*integrate('t*b/(x^0.5)','x',0,4);
+drag2=integrate('(((a*(1-((y^2)/4))))-p1)*b','y',-2,2);
+disp("lb",drag1,"The drag when plate is parallel to the upstream flow=")
+disp("lb",drag2,"The drag when plate is perpendicular to the upstream flow=")
+
diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9f3ca911f --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=0.1;//mm
+sg=2.3;
+vis=1.12*(10^(-3));//N*s/(m^2)
+//by free body diagram and assuming CD=24/Re
+U=(sg-1)*999*9.81*((D/1000)^2)/(18*vis);
+disp("m/sec",U,"The velocity of the particle through still water =")
+dia=0:0.001:0.1;
+count=1;
+for i=0:0.001:0.1
+ u(count)=(sg-1)*999*9.81*((i/1000)^2)/(18*vis);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(dia,u,rect=[0,0,0.1,0.007])
+xtitle("U vs D","D, mm","U, m/s")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.10/9_10graph.jpg b/51/CH9/EX9.10/9_10graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..59feb526b --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.10/9_10graph.jpg diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dbc32e9bf --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+D=1.5;//in
+//assuming CD=0.5 and verifying this value using value of Re
+CD=0.5;
+dice=1.84;//slugs/(ft^3); density of ice
+dair=2.38*(10^(-3));//slugs/(ft^3)
+U=(4*dice*32.2*(D/12)/(3*dair*CD))^0.5;//ft/sec
+disp("mph",U*3600/5275,"The velocity of the updraft needed=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b2710c439 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+Dg=1.69;//in.
+Wg=0.0992;//lb
+Ug=200;//ft/sec
+Dt=1.5;//in.
+Wt=0.00551;//lb
+Ut=60;//ft/sec
+kvis=(1.57*(10^(-4)));//(ft^2)/sec
+Reg=Ug*Dg/kvis;
+Ret=Ut*Dt/kvis;
+//the corresponding drag coefficients are calculated as
+CDgs=0.25;//standard golf ball
+CDgsm=0.51;//smooth golf ball
+CDt=0.5;//table tennis ball
+Dgs=0.5*0.00238*(Ug^2)*%pi*((Dg/12)^2)*CDgs/4;//lb
+Dgsm=0.5*0.00238*(Ug^2)*%pi*((Dg/12)^2)*CDgsm/4;//lb
+Dt=0.5*0.00238*(Ut^2)*%pi*((Dt/12)^2)*CDt/4;//lb
+//the corresponding decelerations are a=D/s=g*D/W
+//deceleration relative to g=D/W
+decgs=Dgs/Wg;
+decgsm=Dgsm/Wg;
+dect=Dt/Wt;
+disp("STANDARD GOLF BALL:")
+disp("lb",Dgs,"The drag coefficient=")
+disp(decgs,"The deceleration relative to g=")
+disp("SMOOTH GOLF BALL:")
+disp("lb",Dgsm,"The drag coefficient=")
+disp(decgsm,"The deceleration relative to g=")
+disp("TABLE TENNIS BALL:")
+disp("lb",Dt,"The drag coefficient=")
+disp(dect,"The deceleration relative to g=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aad5dee06 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+U=88;//fps
+Ds=40;//ft
+Dc=15;//ft
+b=50;//ft
+Res=U*Ds/(1.57*(10^(-4)));
+Rec=U*Dc/(1.57*(10^(-4)));
+//from these values of Re drag coefficients are found as
+CDs=0.3;
+CDc=0.7;
+//by summing moments about the base of the tower
+Drs=0.5*0.00238*(U^2)*%pi*(Ds^2)*CDs/4;//lb
+Drc=0.5*0.00238*(U^2)*b*Dc*CDc;//lb
+M=(Drs*(b+(Ds/2)))+(Drc*(b/2));//ft*lb
+disp("ft*lb",M,"The moment needed to prevent the tower from tripping=")
diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bbe9dca88 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+U=15;//ft/sec
+b=96;//ft
+c=7.5;//ft
+W=210;//lb
+CD=0.046;
+eff=0.8;//power train efficiency
+d=2.38*(10^(-3));//slugs/(ft^3)
+//W=L
+CL=2*W/(d*(U^2)*b*c);
+D=0.5*d*(U^2)*b*c*CD;
+P=D*U/(eff*550);//hp
+disp(CL,"The lift coefficient=")
+disp("hp",P,"The power required by the pilot=")
diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b2a654fdd --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+W=2.45*(10^(-2));//N
+D=3.8*(10^(-2));//m
+U=12;//m/s
+
+//W=L
+d=1.23;//kg/(m^3)
+W=0.5*d*(U^2)*(D^2)*%pi*CL/4;
+CL=2*W/(d*(U^2)*%pi*(D^2)/4);
+//using this value of CL, omega*D/(2*U)=x is found as
+x=0.9;
+omega=2*U*x/D;//rad/sec
+angvel=omega*60/(2*%pi);//rpm; where angvel is angular velocity
+disp("rpm",angvel,"The angular velocity=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..433b6ad5c --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+U=10;//ft/sec
+Twater=60;//degree F
+Tglycerin=68;//degree F
+kviswater=1.21*(10^-5);//(ft^2)/sec
+kvisair=1.57*(10^-4);//(ft^2)/sec
+kvisglycerin=1.28*(10^-2);//(ft^2)/sec
+Re=5*(10^5);//assumption
+xcrwater=kviswater*Re/U;//ft
+xcrair=kvisair*Re/U;//ft
+xcrglycerin=kvisglycerin*Re/U;//ft
+btwater=5*(kviswater*xcrwater/U)^0.5;//ft; where bt=thickness of boundary layer
+btair=5*(kvisair*xcrair/U)^0.5;//ft
+btglycerin=5*(kvisglycerin*xcrglycerin/U)^0.5;//ft
+disp("a)WATER")
+disp(,"ft",xcrwater,"location at which boundary layer becomes turbulent=")
+disp("ft",btwater,"Thickness of the boundary layer=")
+disp("b)AIR")
+disp(,"ft",xcrair,"location at which boundary layer becomes turbulent=")
+disp("ft",btair,"Thickness of the boundary layer=")
+disp("c)GLYCERIN")
+disp(,"ft",xcrglycerin,"location at which boundary layer becomes turbulent=")
+disp("ft",btglycerin,"Thickness of the boundary layer=")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce b/51/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2b611a6e --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+T=70;//degree F
+U1=0;//ft/sec
+U2=30;//ft/sec
+l=4;//ft
+b=0.5;//ft
+d=1.94;
+vis=2.04*(10^(-5));
+x=d*l/vis;
+U=1:U2;
+for i=1:U2
+ Re(i)=x*i;
+ CDf(i)=0.455/((log10(Re(i)))^2.58);
+ Df(i)=0.5*d*i*i*l*b*CDf(i);
+ xcr(i)=vis*(5*(10^5))/(d*i);
+end
+plot(U,Df,"x-")
+plot(U,xcr,"o-")
+h1=legend(['Df';'xcr'])
diff --git a/51/CH9/EX9.7/9_7graph.jpg b/51/CH9/EX9.7/9_7graph.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..b7e10275b --- /dev/null +++ b/51/CH9/EX9.7/9_7graph.jpg diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/10_2.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ffc752ee4 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\10_2data.sci");
+//bernoulli equation
+a=y1+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+z1-z2;//ft; where a=y2+((V^2)/(2*g))
+//countinuity equation
+b=(y1*V1);//(ft^2/sec); where b=(y2*V2)
+c1=2*32.2;
+c2=(-c1)*a;
+c3=b^2;
+fn=poly([c3 0 c2 c1],"y2","c");
+y2=roots(fn);
+sum1=y2(3)+z2;//ft
+sum2=y2(1)+z2;//ft
+E1=y1+(c3/(y1^2));//ft
+Emin=3*((q^2)/(32.2^(1/3)))/2;//ft
+z=E1-Emin;//ft
+//using this value of z, the surface elevation is found to be sum1
+disp("ft",sum1,"The elevation of the water surface downstream of the ramp=")
+count=1;
+y=1:0.1:10;
+for i=1:0.1:10
+ E(count)=i+(c3/(i^2));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(E,y,rect=[0,0,10,12])
+xtitle("y vs E","E","y")
diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/6_10.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/6_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c1e2909c --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\6_10data.sci");
+V=Q/(1000000*%pi*((dia1/1000)^2)/4);//mean velocity, m/sec
+Re=(d*V*dia1/1000)/vis;
+disp(" is well below critical value of 2100 so flow is laminar.",Re,"a) The Reynolds number ")
+pdiff=(8*vis*(l)*(12/1000000)/(%pi*(dia1/2000)^4))/1000;//kPa
+disp("kPa",pdiff,"The pressure drop along a 1 m length of the tube which is far from the tube entrance so that the only component of velocity is parallel to the the tube axis=")
+//for flow in the annulus
+V1=Q/(1000000*%pi*(((dia1/1000)^2)-((dia2/1000)^2))/4);//mean velocity, m/sec
+Re1=d*((dia1-dia2)/1000)*V1/vis;
+disp(" is well below critical value of 2100 so flow is laminar.",Re1,"b) The Reynolds number ")
+r1=dia1/2000;
+r2=dia2/2000;
+pdiff1=((8*vis*(l)*(12/1000000)/(%pi))*((r1^4)-(r2^4)-((((r1^2)-(r2^2))^2)/(log(r1/r2))))^(-1))/1000;//kPa
+disp("kPa",pdiff1,"The pressure drop along a 1 m length of the symmetric annulus =")
+
+rratio=0.001:0.001:0.5;
+count=1;
+for i=0.001:0.001:0.5
+ pratio(count)=1/((i^4)*((1/(i^4))-1-((((1/(i^2))-1)^2)/log(1/i))));
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(rratio,pratio,rect=[0,0,0.5,8])
+xtitle("ri/ro vs pdiff(annulus)/pdiff(tube)","ri/ro","pdiff(annulus)/pdiff(tube)")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/6_7.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..03fab17c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\6_7data.sci");
+//V^2= (U^2)*(1 + (2*b*cos(ang)/r) + ((b^2)/(r^2)))
+//at point 2, ang=%pi/2
+//r=b*(%pi-ang)/sin(ang)=(%pi*b/2)
+V=U*(1+(4/(%pi^2)))^0.5;//mi/hr
+y2=h/2;//ft
+//bernoulli equation
+//p1-p2= d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)) + (sw*(y2-y1))
+V1=U*(5280/3600);
+V2=V*(5280/3600);
+pdiff=((d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))/2) + (d*32.2*(y2)))/144;//psi
+disp("mi/hr",V,"The magnitude of velocity at (2) for a 40 mi/hr approaching wind =")
+disp("psi",pdiff,"The pressure difference between points (1) and (2)=")
+u=0:100;
+
+for i=0:100
+ pd(i+1)= ((d*((((i*(1+(4/(%pi^2)))^0.5)*(5280/3600))^2)-((i*(5280/3600))^2))/2) + (d*32.2*(y2)))/144;
+end
+plot2d(u,pd,rect=[0,0,100,0.14])
+xtitle("(p1-p2) vs U","U,mph","p1-p2 ,psi")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/7_6.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef31e2157 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\7_6data.sci");
+//Rem=Re; hence (Vm*Dm/kvism)=(V*D/kvis); where kvis is kinematic viscosity
+//kvis=kvism; same fluid is used for model and prototype
+//(Vm/V)=(D/Dm)
+//Q=VA; hence Qm/Q = (Vm*Am)/(V*A)=(Dm/D)
+Qm=(Dm/12)*Q/D;//cfs
+disp("cfs",Qm,"The required flowrate in the model=")
+Drat=0.04:0.01:1;
+count=1;
+for i=0.04:0.01:1
+ Vrat(count)=1/i;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(Drat,Vrat,rect=[0,0,1,25])
+xtitle("Vm/V vs Dm/D","Dm/D","Vm/V")
diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_12.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..62232c7ae --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\8_12data.sci");
+d=0.00238;//slugs/(ft^3)
+vis=3.74*(10^(-7));//lb*sec/(ft^2)
+x=Q/(%pi/4);//where x =V*(D^2)
+//energy equation with z1=z2 and V1=V2
+y=l*d*(x^2)*0.5/(pd*144);//where y=(D^5)/f
+f=0.027;//using reynolds number, roughness and moody's chart
+D=(y*f)^(1/5);//ft
+disp("ft",D,"The diameter of the pipe should be =")
+q=0.01:0.01:3;
+count=1;
+for i=0.01:0.01:3
+ dia(count)=((l*d*((i/(%pi/4))^2)*0.5/(pd*144))*f)^(1/5);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(q,dia,rect=[0,0,3,0.25])
+xtitle("D vs Q","Q, (ft^3)/sec","D, ft")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_13.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fcbbf8036 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\8_13data.sci");
+x=Q/(%pi/4);//where x=V*(D^2)
+KLentrance=0.5;
+KLelbow=0.2;
+KLexit=1;
+//Finding f from Re, roughness and moody's chart
+f=0.01528;
+sumKL=(n*KLelbow)+KLentrance+KLexit;
+y=f*l;
+//V^2 = (x^2)/(D^4)
+//energy equation with p1=p2pV1=V2=z2=0
+z=(2*32.2*z1)/((x^2)*l);
+k=sumKL/l;
+fn=poly([(-f) (-k) 0 0 0 z],'D','c');
+r=roots(fn);
+disp("ft",r(1),"The diameter=")
+count=1;
+len=400:2000;
+for i=400:2000
+ root=roots(poly([(-f) (-(sumKL/i)) 0 0 0 ((2*32.2*z1)/((x^2)*i))],'a','c'));
+ dia(count)=root(1);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(len,dia,rect=[0,0,2000,1.8])
+xtitle("D vs l","l, ft","D, ft")
diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_3.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9dfd22a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\8_3data.sci");
+//Q=K*pdiff; where pdiff=p1-p2
+//hence K=%pi*(D^4)/(128*vis*l)
+count=1;
+for i=1:6
+ K(i)=(%pi*((D/12)^4))/(128*vis(i)*l);
+end
+plot2d(T,K,logflag='nl')
+xtitle("K vs T","T, degree F","K, (ft^5)/(lb.sec)")
+pdiff=(128*Q*vis(3)*l)/(%pi*((D/12)^4));//when temperature is 100 degree F
+disp("lb/(ft^2)",pdiff,"The pressure drop for the given Q and T =")
+V=Q/(%pi*((D/12)^2)/4);//ft/sec
+Re=d(3)*V*(D/12)/vis(3);
+disp("hence the flow is laminar",Re,"The reynolds number=")
+stress=pdiff*(D/12)/(4*l);//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("lb/(ft^2)",stress,"The wall stress for the given Q and T =")
+Fp=(%pi/4)*((D/12)^2)*pdiff;//lb
+Fv=(2*%pi)*((D/12)/2)*l*stress;//lb
+disp("lb",Fp,"The net pressure force =")
+disp("lb",Fv,"The net viscous/shear force =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_4.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c8f32858a --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\8_4data.sci");
+stress=D*(pgrad*1000)/(4*1);//N/(m^2)
+uf=(stress/d)^0.5;//m/sec; where uf is frictional velocity
+ts=5*kvis*1000/(uf);//mm; where ts is the thickness of the viscous sublayer
+disp("mm",ts,"The thickness of the viscous sublayer=")
+V=Q/(%pi*(D^2)/4);//m/s
+Re=V*D/kvis;
+disp("hence the flow is turbulent.",Re,"The reynolds number=")
+n=8.4;//from turbulent flow velocity profile diagram
+
+//Q=(%pi)*(R^2)*V
+R=1;//assumption
+//let Q/Vc=x
+x=integrate('((1-(r/R))^(1/n))*(2*%pi*r)','r',0,R);
+q=%pi*(R^2)*V;
+Vc=q/x;//m/s
+disp("m/s",Vc,"The approximate centerline velocity=")
+stress1=(2*stress*r)/D;//N/(m^2)
+//d(uavg)/dr=urate=-(Vc/(n*R))*((1-(r/R))^((1-n)/n)); where uavg=average velocity
+urate=-(Vc/(n*(D/2)))*((1-(r/(D/2)))^((1-n)/n));//s^(-1)
+stresslam=-(kvis*d*urate);//N/(m^2)
+stressratio=(stress1-stresslam)/stresslam;
+disp(stressratio,"The ratio of teh turbulent to laminar stress at a point midway between the centreline and the pipe wall =")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_6.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..564ec06e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\8_6data.sci");
+//minimum area is at location 5, hence max velocity is at 5
+c5=(1.4**1716*(460+59))^0.5;//ft/sec
+Ma5=V(5)/c5;
+//applying energy equation between locations 1 and 9
+//hL=hp=(p1-p9)/sw=pdiff/sw
+//Pa=sw*Q*hp=sw*A(5)*V(5)*hL
+KLcorner=0.2;
+KLdif=0.6;
+KLscr=4;
+hL=((KLcorner*(((V(7))^2)+((V(8))^2)+((V(2))^2)+((V(3))^2))) + (KLdif*(((V(6))^2))) + (KLcorner*((V(5))^2)) + (KLscr*((V(4))^2)))/(2*32.2);//ft
+Pa=0.0765*A(5)*V(5)*hL/550;//hp
+pdiff=0.0765*hL/144;//psi
+disp("psi",pdiff,"The value of (p1-p9)=")
+disp("hp",Pa,"The horsepower supplied to the fluid by the fan=")
+v=50:300;
+count=1;
+for i=50:300
+ power(count)=0.0765*((((KLcorner*((A(5)*i/A(7))^2)+((A(5)*i/(A(8)))^2)+((A(5)*i/A(2))^2)+((A(5)*i/A(3))^2))) + (KLdif*(((A(5)*i/A(6))^2))) + (KLcorner*((i)^2)) + (KLscr*((A(5)*i/A(4))^2)))/(2*32.2))*(A(5))*i/550;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(v,power,rect=[0,0,300,250])
+xtitle("Pa vs V5","V5, ft/sec","Pa, hp")
diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_8.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1aa05fb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\8_8data.sci");
+V1=Q/(%pi*(D^2)/4);//ft/sec
+V2=Q/(%pi*((Df/12)^2)/4);//ft/sec
+d=1.94;//slugs/ft
+vis=2.34/100000;//lb*sec/(ft^2)
+Re=d*V1*D/vis;
+disp("hence the flow is turbulent",Re,"The reynolds number =")
+//applying energy equation between points 1 and 2
+//when all head losses are excluded
+p1=(d*32.2*(l2+l4))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)));//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("psi",p1/144,"a)The pressure at point 1 when all head losses are neglected=")
+//if major losses are included
+f=0.0215;
+hLmajor=f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2);
+p11=p1+(d*32.2*hLmajor);//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("psi",p11/144,"b)The pressure at point 1 when only major head losses are included=")
+//if major and minor losses are included
+KLelbow=1.5;
+KLvalve=10;
+KLfaucet=2;
+hLminor=(KLvalve+(4*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2);
+p12=p11+(d*32.2*hLminor);//lb/(ft^2)
+disp("psi",p12/144,"c)The pressure at point 1 when both major and minor head losses are included=")
+H=(p1/(32.2*1.94))+(V1*V1/(2*32.2));//ft
+dist=0:60;
+for i=0:15
+ press(i+1)=p1/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*(l2+l4))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+(4*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=((press1(i+1))*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2));
+end
+for i=16:25
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+(3*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(i-l1);
+end
+for i=26:30
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(25-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(25-15)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+(2*KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+l2;
+end
+for i=31:40
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(i-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(32.2*d*(KLvalve+(KLelbow)+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(i-(l1+l3));
+end
+for i=41:50
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+(d*32.2*(KLvalve+KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(l2+l4);
+end
+for i=51:60
+ press(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2))))/144;
+ press1(i+1)=((d*32.2*((l2+l4)-(40-l1-l3)))+(0.5*d*((V2^2)-(V1^2)))+(d*32.2*(f*(l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6-i)*(V1^2)/(D*2*32.2)))+d*32.2*((KLfaucet)*(V1^2)/(2*32.2)))/144;
+ head(i+1)=H;
+ head1(i+1)=(press1(i+1)*144/(32.2*1.94))+((V1^2)/(2*32.2))+(l2+l4);
+end
+plot(dist,press,"o-")
+plot(dist,press1,"x-")
+h1=legend(['without losses';'with losses'])
+xtitle("p vs distance long pipe from (1)","distance along pipe from (1), ft","p, psi")
+xclick(1);
+clf();
+plot(dist,head,"o-")
+plot(dist,head1,"x-")
+h2=legend(['energy line with no losses';'energy line including losses'])
+xtitle("H vs distance long pipe from (1)","distance along pipe from (1), ft","H,elevation to energy line, ft")
+
+end
diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_9.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f2a89a85 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\8_9data.sci");
+//energy equation=> hp=hL=f*(l/D)*((V^2)/(2*g))
+f=0.0125;
+hp=f*(l*5280/D)*((V^2)/(2*32.2));//ft
+Pa=sw*Q*hp/550;//hp
+disp("hp",Pa,"The horsepower required to drive the system=")
+dia=2:0.01:6;
+count=1;
+for i=2:0.01:6
+ power(count)=sw*Q*(f*(l*5280/i)*(((Q/(%pi*(i^2)/4))^2)/(2*32.2)))/550;
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(dia,power,rect=[0,0,6,4000000])
+xtitle("Pa vs D","D, ft","Pa, hp")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/9_10.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/9_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..02c0330d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\9_10data.sci");
+vis=1.12*(10^(-3));//N*s/(m^2)
+//by free body diagram and assuming CD=24/Re
+U=(sg-1)*999*9.81*((D/1000)^2)/(18*vis);
+disp("m/sec",U,"The velocity of the particle through still water =")
+dia=0:0.001:0.1;
+count=1;
+for i=0:0.001:0.1
+ u(count)=(sg-1)*999*9.81*((i/1000)^2)/(18*vis);
+ count=count+1;
+end
+plot2d(dia,u,rect=[0,0,0.1,0.007])
+xtitle("U vs D","D, mm","U, m/s")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/51/DEPENDENCIES/9_7.sce b/51/DEPENDENCIES/9_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..274dd2575 --- /dev/null +++ b/51/DEPENDENCIES/9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+exec("C:\Program Files\scilab-5.3.0\bin\TCP\9_7data.sci");
+d=1.94;
+vis=2.04*(10^(-5));
+x=d*l/vis;
+U=1:U2;
+for i=1:U2
+ Re(i)=x*i;
+ CDf(i)=0.455/((log10(Re(i)))^2.58);
+ Df(i)=0.5*d*i*i*l*b*CDf(i);
+ xcr(i)=vis*(5*(10^5))/(d*i);
+end
+plot(U,Df,"x-")
+plot(U,xcr,"o-")
+h1=legend(['Df';'xcr'])
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