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+// Chapter 12 Example 3//
+clc
+clear
+// from data given in the question -->> diameter of each strand=d,number of layers=n//
+//diameter of conductor=D//
+d=6.30;// in mm//
+n=4;
+D=(2*n-1)*d/10;// divide by 10 to convert from mm to cm//
+printf("\n Total diameter of conductor = %.2f cm\n",D);
+//tensile strength=s,safety factor=sf,working stress=t//
+s=1250;// in kg//
+sf=5;
+t=s/sf;
+printf("\n Working stress is given by %.2f kg\n",t);
+// span length=l,weight of conductor=w,sag in stil air=d//
+l=200;// in m//
+w=0.4;// in kg/m //
+d=(w*l^2)/(8*t);
+printf("\n Sag in still air = %.2f m\n",d);
+// sag if conductor covered by ice//
+// weight of ice=wi,thickness of ice=ti,density of ice=pi//
+ti=0.5;// in cms//
+pi=915;// in kg/m^3 //
+wi=%pi*((D+ti)*10^-2*ti*10^-2)*pi;// to convert from cms to ms//
+wt=w+wi;
+d=(wt*l^2)/(8*t);
+printf("\n Total sag if conductor is covered by ice = %.2f m\n",d);
+// sag is conductor is covered by ice and in presence of wind pressure //
+// wind loading=ww,effective wind loadong=we,wind pressure=p//
+p=10*10^-2;// in kg/cm^2  //
+ww=(D+2*ti)*p;
+we=sqrt(ww^2+(w+wi)^2);
+printf("\n Effective Loading = %.3f kg/m\n",we);
+d=(we*l^2)/(8*t);
+printf("\n The total sag will be %.2f m\n",d);
+// angle at which sag acts=sa//
+sa=atand(ww/(wi+w));
+printf("\n Angle at which sag acts is %.2f degrees to the vertical\n",sa);
+//vertical sag=d1//
+d1=d*cosd(sa);
+printf("\n Vertical sag = %.2f m\n",d1);
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