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+//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 23
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+x1   = 41.7;      //voltage in V
+x2   = 42;      //voltage in V
+x3   = 41.8;      //voltage in V
+x4   = 42;      //voltage in V
+x5   = 42.1;      //voltage in V
+x6   = 41.9;      //voltage in V
+x7   = 42.5;      //voltage in V
+x8   = 42;      //voltage in V
+x9   = 41.9;      //voltage in V
+x10   = 41.8;      //voltage in V
+n     =10;
+
+//ccalculations
+x   =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10)/(10);    //arthimetic mean
+d1   =x-x1;       //deviation
+d2   =x-x2;       //deviation
+d3   =x-x3;       //deviation
+d4   =x-x4;       //deviation
+d5   =x-x5;       //deviation
+d6   =x-x6;       //deviation
+d7   =x-x7;       //deviation
+d8   =x-x8;       //deviation
+d9   =x-x9;       //deviation
+d10   =x-x10;       //deviation
+d     = (d1**2)+(d2**2)+(d3**2)+(d4**2)+(d5**2)+(d6**2)+(d7**2)+(d8**2)+(d9**2)+(d10**2);
+sigma  = sqrt(d/(n-1));       //standard devation 
+r      = 0.6745*sigma;       //probable error of one reading 
+rm     = r/(sqrt(n-1));     //probable error of mean in V
+R      = x7-x1;        //range in V
+//result
+mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.2f",x);
+mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.3f",sigma);
+mprintf("\nprobable error of one reading = %3.3f",r);
+mprintf("\nprobable error of mean = %3.5f V',rm);
+mprintf("\nRange = %3.2f V',R);
+