diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3830/CH1')
36 files changed, 885 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e88d81754 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Exa 1.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+I = 10; // Current in Amp
+dI = 0.1; // Probability of error in I (Amp)
+R = 100; // Resistor value in Ohms
+dR = 2; // Probability of error in R (Ohms)
+
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('The power dissipated P = I^2*R \n');
+
+printf(' The probable error can be determined with the help of Erss(Root Sum Square) Formula, i.e Error = sqrt((dR*I^2)^2 + (2*I*R*dI)^2) \n');
+
+PE = sqrt((dR*I^2)^2 + (dI*2*I*R)^2); // Probable error
+P = I^2 * R;
+
+printf(' Error = %d W \n',round(PE));
+printf(' Power dissipated P = %d kW \n',P*10^-3);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb8484166 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 1.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig. 1.28 and 1.29
+Rm = 78; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Ra = 1000; // in Ohms
+Rb = 1000; // in Ohms
+Rc = 1000; // in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+Rth = Rc + Ra*Rb/(Ra+Rb);
+
+// Let Im/Ie be 'x' where Ie = expected value and Im be shown value
+x = Rth/(Rth+Rm);
+
+Error = (1-x)*100;
+
+printf('The meter reading shown is %d percent of the expected value. Therefore, Error = %d percent \n',100-round(Error),round(Error));
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4b04e3cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Exa 1.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An Ohm meter
+Ifs = 0.001; // Current in Amp
+V =5; // Supply voltage in Volts
+Rm = 200; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+// Ifs = V/(Rm+Rp);
+
+Rp =V/Ifs - Rm;
+
+printf('Value of Rx with 20 percent full-scale deflection :- \n');
+P1 = 0.2;
+Rx1 = (Rp+Rm)/P1 - (Rp+Rm);
+printf('The resistor value for 20 percent of full scale deflection = %d k Ohms \n',Rx1/1000);
+printf(' Value of Rx with 40 percent full-scale deflection :- \n');
+P2 = 0.4;
+Rx2 = (Rp+Rm)/P2 - (Rp+Rm);
+printf('The resistor value for 40 percent of full scale deflection = %.1f k Ohms \n',Rx2/1000);
+printf(' Value of Rx with 50 percent full-scale deflection :- \n');
+P3 = 0.5;
+Rx3 = (Rp+Rm)/P3 - (Rp+Rm);
+printf('The resistor value for 50 percent of full scale deflection = %d k Ohms \n',Rx3/1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b968d1b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig. 1.49
+Ifs = 10; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Im = 0.015; // Meter resistance in Amp
+R = 5; // Resistance in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+Isg = Ifs-Im;
+Rsg = Im*R/Isg;
+
+printf('The value of shunt resistance for the milli Ammeter = %.2f * 10^-3 Ohms \n',Rsg*1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54a876b6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Exa 1.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Rm = 1; // Meter resistance in ohms
+Vmax = 250; // Max voltage(V)
+R1 = 4.999; // Series resistance in Ohms
+R2 = 1/499; //Shunt resistance in Ohms
+V = 500; // Volage to be measured(V)
+// Solution
+
+Imeter = V/(R1+Rm);
+printf('Meter current Imeter = %.2f A \n ',Imeter);
+printf('The current through the meter should not exceed %.1f A \n Hence, Voltage drop = %.2f V \n',Imeter,Imeter*Rm);
+Vdrop = Imeter*Rm;
+// When Shunt resistance is connected accross meter
+CurrentRange = Vdrop/R2 + Imeter;
+Rs =(V-Imeter)/0.05;
+printf(' Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook are incorrect
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6eb3a70a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Formulae's from Example 1.6 are used here
+
+// Exa 1.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig. 1.50
+Im = 100*10^-6; // Meter resistance in Amp
+Rm = 1000; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+I1 = 1; // in Amp
+I2 = 0.1; // in Amp
+I3 = 0.01; // in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+n = I3/Im;
+Rsh = Rm/(n-1);
+printf(' Ra + Rb + Rc = Rsh; \n ');
+printf(' The value of Rsh by calculations = %.4f Ohms \n',Rsh);
+
+Rc = Im*(Rsh+Rm)/I1;
+Rb = (Im/I2)*(Rsh+Rm) - Rc;
+Ra = Rsh-(Rb+Rc);
+printf(' Ra = %.3f Ohms, Rb = %.3f Ohms and Rc = %.3f Ohms \n',Ra,Rb,Rc);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Ra calculation
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..febb9fc98 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Exa 1.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer fig. 1.73
+Rtotal = 11*10^6; // Total resistance in Ohms
+Vg = 1; // Voltage at gate of balancing circuit
+Vmax = 1000; // Max voltage in Volts
+// Solution
+
+printf('When the selector switch is at 1000 V position, and the mass input is 1000 V, the drop across R7 should be 1 value \n');
+R7 = (Vg/Vmax)*Rtotal;
+printf('R7 = %d k Ohms \n',R7/1000);
+printf('Similarly, when the selector switch is at the 300 V position, the drop across (R6+R7) should be 1 V \n');
+R6 = (Vg/300)*Rtotal-R7;
+printf('R6 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R6/1000);
+R5 = (Vg/100)*Rtotal-(R7+R6);
+printf('R5 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R5/1000);
+R4 = (Vg/30)*Rtotal-(R7+R6+R5);
+printf('R4 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R4/1000);
+R3 = (Vg/10)*Rtotal-(R7+R6+R5+R4);
+printf('R3 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R3/1000);
+R2 = (Vg/3)*Rtotal-(R7+R6+R5+R4+R3);
+printf('R2 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R2/1000);
+R1 = Rtotal - (R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7);
+printf('R1 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R1/1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e11e5ebcd --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Exa 1.16
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer Fig.1.74
+Rmv = 200; // Voltmeter resistance in Ohms
+Vt = 3; // Terminal voltage(V)
+S = 1; // Sensitivity in mm/microV
+Rmi = 100; // Galvanometer resistance in Ohms
+Deflection = 250; // in mm
+S1 = 5; // sesitivity of second galvanometer in mm/micro Amp
+Ri = 1000; // Internal resistance of 2nd galvanometer
+// Solution
+
+Ig = Deflection/S;
+printf(' Current through the galvanometer = %d micro Amp \n',Ig);
+Rtotal = Rmv+Rmi;
+Vrtotal = Rtotal*Ig*10^-6; // in Volts
+Ek = Vt - Vrtotal;
+printf('The emf of the unknown source = %.3f V \n',Ek);
+printf('1 mm correspponds to 1 micro Amp. Therefore, Resolution = %d micro V/mm \n',Rtotal);
+
+printf('For galvanometer A, 1 mm deflection for 300 mV. So, Sa = 1/300 mm/microV \n');
+Sa = 1/300; // Sensitivity of galvanometer A in mm/micro V
+printf('For galvanometer B, - \n');
+Rbtotal = Ri+Rmv;
+// A 5mm deflcetion is caused by 1200 micro V
+printf('Sb = 5/1200 mm/microV \n'); // mm/microV
+printf('Galvanometer B provides the amplified sensitivity i.e, Since, Sb>Sa \n');
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..160ae65f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Exa 1.17
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer Fig. 1.77
+Ifs = 10^-6; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Rm = 300; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Erms = 10; // in Volts
+Idc = 1*10^-3; // in Amp
+// Solution
+S = 1/Ifs;
+Rs = 0.45* Erms/Idc - Rm;
+printf(' The value of multiplier resistance Rs = %.1f k Ohms \n',Rs/1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6202c2377 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 1.18
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Ifs = 10^-3; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Rm = 500; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Range = 10; // Em = 10*Vrms
+// Solution
+
+Sdc = 1/Ifs; // Dc Sensitivity in Ohms/Volt
+Sac = 0.9*Sdc; // Ac Sensitivity in Ohms/Volt
+
+Rs = Sac * Range - Rm;
+printf('The value of multiplier resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5cece7809 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Exa 1.19
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Design of thermocouple voltmeter
+// Three ranges
+V1 = 5; // Volts
+V2 = 10; // Volts
+V3 = 25; // Volts
+Ifs = 50*10^-3; // Amp
+Rm = 200; // Ohms
+Imax = 5*10^-3; // Amps
+Rheater = 200; // Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' To get a FSD for 5,10 and 25V, current through the heater must be limited to 5mA \n');
+
+printf('For a 5V range \n');
+Rs1 = V1/Imax - Rm;
+printf('Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs1);
+printf('For a 10V range \n');
+Rs2 = V2/Imax - Rm;
+printf('Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs2);
+printf('For a 25V range \n');
+Rs3 = V3/Imax - Rm;
+printf('Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs3);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook for Rs3 is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a9354c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+No_Div = 50; // No of divisions
+V = 100; // Max voltage measured (V)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Resolution is the samellest change in input that can be measured \n The meter can be read to 1/2 division \n');
+printf(' The resolution is 1/2 divisions and its value in volts is : ');
+// 100 Div = 100 V
+// 1 Div = 1 V
+// 0.5 Div = 0.5 V
+printf(' 0.5 V \n Thus, the resolution of instrument is 0.5 V \n');
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d6cef8f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Exa 1.20
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer Fig. 1.86
+Vdc = 12; // Volts
+Vac = 20; // Volts
+Vz = 12; // Volts
+Iz = 10*10^-3; // in Amps
+
+// Solution
+
+R =(Vac-Vdc)/Iz;
+printf('The value of resistance R = %d Ohms \n',R);
+P = Vdc*Iz;
+printf(' Power rating of the Zener = %d mW \n',P*1000);
+printf(' Factor 2 is the safety factor \n The power rating of the resistor taking a safety factor of 2 is P = ');
+psafety = 2*(Vdc - Vz)/R;
+printf(' %.2f W \n',psafety);
+printf(' 1/16 W resistor curve serves the purpose \n');
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook for power rating is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3db36aa53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Exa 1.21
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A Volt box design
+Vs = 100; // Input voltage (V)
+V2 = 5; // Output voltage (V)
+Rs = 10*10^6; // Desired sum of resistance(R1+R2) Ohms
+
+
+// Solution
+
+// By voltage divider formula, we get
+// R2/(R1+R2) = V2/Vs ;
+// i.e, By simplifying
+R2 = Rs*V2/Vs;
+
+R1 = Rs - R2;
+printf(' The desired values of R1 and R2 to satisfy Volt box requirements are %.1f M ohms and %.2f M ohms respectively \n ',R1/10^6,R2/10^6);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bcb61442b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.22
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A sine wave AC input
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('For a square wave, the form factor is 1.0, that is, the average and rms value are same \n');
+printf(' For a sine wave, the form factor is 1.1, that is, the rms is 1.11 times the average \n');
+printf(' Since the meter is calibrated for a sine wave, for a 1.0 V rms value of square wave, it indicates 1.11 V \n');
+FFsq = 1.0;
+FFsi = 1.11;
+Perror = 100*(FFsi-FFsq)/FFsq;
+printf(' The percentage error in the meter indication = %d percent \n',Perror);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13ee92511 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 1.23
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Dual slope integrating-type DVM
+C = 0.1*10^-6; // Capacitor in Farads
+R = 10*10^3; // Resistance in Ohms
+Vr = 2; // Reference Voltage(Volts)
+Vmax = 10; // maximum output of circuit(Volts)
+
+// Solution
+
+Tc = C*R; // Integrator Time Constant
+Vo = Vr/Tc ; // Integrator output in Volt/sec
+
+Ti = Vmax/Vo; //in sec
+
+printf(' The period of integration of dual slope integrating-type DVM = %d m sec \n',Ti*1000);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56296cc57 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.24
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Am = 20; // Capacitance in Farads
+dr= 5 ; // Percentage variation in capacitor value
+
+// Solution
+
+// A = Am (±) Am× dr/100 ; // A is guranteed value of capacitor
+
+A_upperlimit = Am*(1+ dr/100) ;
+A_lowerlimit = Am*(1- dr/100) ;
+
+printf(' The guranteed limits of capacitance range from %.1f F to %.1f F \n',A_lowerlimit,A_upperlimit);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e853a0ead --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 1.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A 0-250 range milliAmmeter
+Er = 2; // Percentage accuracy of Ammeter in terms of FSR
+I = 150; // Measurement of Ammeter in mA
+Ifsr = 250; // Full scale reading of milliAmmeter (mA)
+
+// Solution
+
+dV = Er/100 * Ifsr; // Error in FSR reading
+Lr = 100*dV/I;
+printf('The limiting error = %.2f percent \n',Lr);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0377dfa2d --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 1.26
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+R = 50; // Resistance value (Ohms)
+dR = 0.2; // variation in Resistance value (Ohms)
+I = 4; // Current value measured (Amp)
+dI = 0.02; // variation in current measurements (Amp)
+
+// Solution
+
+Per_Limiting_Error_Resis = dR/R * 100;
+Per_Limiting_Error_Curr = dI/I * 100;
+
+P = I^2 * R;
+dP = Per_Limiting_Error_Curr*2 + Per_Limiting_Error_Resis;
+
+printf('The limiting error in resistance measurement = ± %.2f percent \n',Per_Limiting_Error_Resis);
+printf(' The limiting error in current measurement = ± %.2f percent \n',Per_Limiting_Error_Curr);
+printf(' The limiting error in power measurement = %.2f percent \n',dP);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b819b980 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Exa 1.27
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A moving coil Ammeter
+FSR = 10; // Full scale reading in Amp
+No_of_div = 100;
+
+// Solution
+
+one_scale_div = FSR/No_of_div ; // in Amp
+Resolution = 1/2 * one_scale_div ; // Since, the instrument can read upto half of the full-scale division(Amp)
+printf('Resolution = %d mA \n', Resolution*1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7d240103 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Exa 1.28
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Limiting error for series and parallel combination of capacitors
+c1 = 99; // Capacitor value in Mf
+dc1 = 1; // Variation in capacitor value in Mf
+c2 = 49; // Capacitor value in Mf
+dc2 = 1; // Variation in capacitor value in Mf
+
+// Solution
+
+// C1 = c1(±) dc1;
+// C2 = c2(±) dc2;
+printf('For parallel combination, we have y = C1+C2 \n');
+dY_parallel = dc1 + dc2;
+printf(' Limiting error for parallel combination = (±) %d Mf \n',dY_parallel);
+printf(' For series combination, we have 1/y = 1/C1+1/C2 \n');
+Yseries = c1*c2/(c1+c2);
+dYseries = (-dc1+c1)*(-dc2+c2)/(c1+c2-dc1-dc2);
+dY = Yseries - dYseries;
+printf(' Limiting error for series combination = (±) %.3f Mf \n',dY);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9233e0b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +// Exa 1.29
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// 3 resistances in series and parallel combination
+
+r1 = 200; // First resistance in (Ohms)
+dr1 = 5 ; // Percentage variation for first resistance
+r2 = 100; // Second resistance in (Ohms)
+dr2 = 5 ; // Percentage variation for second resistance
+r3 = 50; // Third resistance in (Ohms)
+dr3 = 5 ; // Percentage variation for third resistance
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Lets say Rse be the series combination of resistances \n');// series
+Rse = r1+r2+r3;
+Relative_Error_series = r1/Rse * dr1 + r2/Rse * dr2 + r3/Rse * dr3; // in percentage
+Error_series_Ohms = Rse * Relative_Error_series/100;
+printf(' The Relative error for series combination(Rse) is %d percent which is equivalent to %.2f Ohms \n',Relative_Error_series,Error_series_Ohms);
+printf(' Lets say Rpa be the parallel combination of resistances \n');// parallel
+Rpa = r1*r2*r3/(r2*r3+r1*r2+r1*r3); // lets say (x/y1+y2+y3)
+Error_x = dr1+dr2+dr3;
+Error_y1 = dr1+dr2;
+Error_y2 = dr2+dr3;
+Error_y3 = dr3+dr1;
+Error_Y = r1/Rse * Error_y1 + r2/Rse * Error_y2 + r3/Rse * Error_y3;
+Relative_Error_parallel = Error_x+ Error_Y; // in percentage
+Error_parallel_Ohms = Rpa * Relative_Error_parallel/100 ;
+printf(' The Relative error for parallel combination(Rpa) is %d percent which is equivalent to %.4f Ohms \n',Relative_Error_parallel,Error_parallel_Ohms);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8993a58e --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 1.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A 3_1/2 digit DVM
+V = 19.99; // Max voltage in Volts
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('The maximum number of counts that can be made with 9 3_1/2 digit DVM is 1999 \n The samllest change in input that can be measured is 1 count \n');
+// 1 count in volts corresponds to resolution :-
+// 1999 counts = 19.99 V
+// 1 count = ?
+Resolution = 19.99/1999;
+
+printf(' Resolution = %d mV \n',round(Resolution*10^3));
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b16287b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Exa 1.30
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Various Inductance Measurements
+L1 = 1.003; // First reading in mH
+L2 = 0.998; // second reading in mH
+L3 = 1.001; // third reading in mH
+L4 = 0.991; // fourth reading in mH
+L5 = 1.009; // Fifth reading in mH
+L6 = 0.996; // sixth reading in mH
+L7 = 1.005; // seventh reading in mH
+L8 = 0.997; // eight reading in mH
+L9 = 1.008; // nineth reading in mH
+L10 = 0.994; // tenth reading in mH
+n = 10; // total no of readings
+
+// Solution
+
+AM = (L1+L2+L3+L4+L5+L6+L7+L8+L9+L10)/n;
+printf('The arithmatic mean = %.4f mH \n',AM);
+
+// Deviation for each reading will be -
+d1 = L1 - AM; // deviation for 1st reading
+d2 = L2 - AM; // deviation for 2nd reading
+d3 = L3 - AM; // deviation for 3rd reading
+d4 = L4 - AM; // deviation for 4th reading
+d5 = L5 - AM; // deviation for 5th reading
+d6 = L6 - AM; // deviation for 6th reading
+d7 = L7 - AM; // deviation for 7th reading
+d8 = L8 - AM; // deviation for 8th reading
+d9 = L9 - AM; // deviation for 9th reading
+d10 = L10 - AM; // deviation for 10th reading
+
+Avg_deviation = (d1+d2+d3+d4+d5+d6+d7+d8+d9+d10)/n;
+printf(' The average deviation = %d mH \n',Avg_deviation);
+
+SD = sqrt((d1^2+d2^2+d3^2+d4^2+d5^2+d6^2+d7^2+d8^2+d9^2+d10^2)/(n-1));
+printf(' The standard deviation = %.3f mH \n',SD);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1af1d43c --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// Exa 1.31
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Various Current Measurements
+
+I1 = 41.7; // First reading in A
+I2 = 42; // second reading in A
+I3 = 41.8; // third reading in A
+I4 = 42; // fourth reading in A
+I5 = 42.1; // Fifth reading in A
+I6 = 41.9; // sixth reading in A
+I7 = 42; // seventh reading in A
+I8 = 41.9; // eight reading in A
+I9 = 42.5; // nineth reading in A
+I10 = 41.8; // tenth reading in A
+n=10; // Total no of observations
+I = [41.7;42;41.8;42;42.1;41.9;42;41.9;42.5;41.8];
+
+// Solution
+
+AM = (I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6+I7+I8+I9+I10)/n;
+printf('The arithmatic mean = %.4f A \n',AM);
+
+// Deviation for each reading will be -
+d1 = I1 - AM; // deviation for 1st reading
+d2 = I2 - AM; // deviation for 2nd reading
+d3 = I3 - AM; // deviation for 3rd reading
+d4 = I4 - AM; // deviation for 4th reading
+d5 = I5 - AM; // deviation for 5th reading
+d6 = I6 - AM; // deviation for 6th reading
+d7 = I7 - AM; // deviation for 7th reading
+d8 = I8 - AM; // deviation for 8th reading
+d9 = I9 - AM; // deviation for 9th reading
+d10 = I10 - AM; // deviation for 10th reading
+
+SD = sqrt((d1^2+d2^2+d3^2+d4^2+d5^2+d6^2+d7^2+d8^2+d9^2+d10^2)/(n-1));
+printf(' The standard deviation = %.3f A \n',SD);
+
+Y = 0.6745*SD;
+printf(' Probable error of one reading = %.3f A \n',Y);
+Vm = Y/sqrt(n-1);
+printf(' Probable error of mean = %.3f A \n',Vm);
+
+
+printf(' Range = %.1f A \n',max(I)-min(I));
+
+// The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..294e5520b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.32
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+E = 1.2 * 10^4 ; // Phosphor Young's Modulus (kg per mm^2)
+l = 400; // Length of strip (mm)
+w = 0.5; // Width of strip (mm)
+t = 0.08; // Thickness of strip (mm)
+Theta = 90; // In degrees
+
+
+// Solution
+
+T = (E*w*t^2)/(12*l);
+
+printf('By using the torque formula having E as youngs modulus, we get T = %.3f kg-mm \n',T);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ec650bee --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Exa 1.33
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//Given
+
+W = 0.005; // Weight in Kg
+l = 2.4*10^-2; // Distance in m
+Td = 1.05*10^-4; // Deflection torque in kg-m
+
+// Solution
+
+Theta = asind(Td/(W*l));
+printf('Deflection torque is given by, Td = W*l*sin(theta)\n Therefore theta = %.1f degrees \n',Theta);
+
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c0e44eb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Exa 1.34
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+I1 = 10; // Current which produces deflection of 90 degrees
+Theta1 = 90; // In degrees
+I2 = 5; // Current for which theta is to be calculated
+
+// Solution
+
+//The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is spring controlled
+// Tc ∝ theta
+// theta ∝ I^2
+
+theta2 = (I2/I1)^2 * Theta1 ;
+printf('The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is spring controlled is equal to = %.1f degrees \n',theta2);
+//The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is gravity controlled
+// Tc ∝ sin(theta)
+// theta ∝ I^2
+
+theta2_gravity = asind((I2/I1)^2 *sind(Theta1)) ;
+printf(' The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is gravity controlled = %.2f degrees \n',theta2_gravity);
+
+// The value of I given as 1A in problem statement is incorrect to satisfy the problem answer(correct value is 5A)
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9929fc7ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.35
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+f = 450; // Resonating frequency in kHz
+C = 250; // Capacitor value at resonating frequency (pf)
+Q = 105; // Q-meter reading at resonance
+Rsh = 0.75; // Value of shunt resistance in ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+L = 1/((2*%pi*f*10^3)^2*C*10^-12); // in H
+w=2*%pi*f*10^3;
+R = (w*L)/Q - Rsh;
+x= round(w*L/Q);
+printf(' The value of resistance,R = %.2f Ohms \n',double(w*L/Q)-Rsh);
+
+// The answer vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba88357b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.36
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+f1 = 1*10^6; // first resonant frequency in Hz
+C1 = 480*10^-12; // Capacitor value at f1 in Farad
+f2 = 2*10^6; // second resonant frequency in Hz
+C2 = 120*10^-12; // Capacitor value at f2 in Farad
+R = 10; // Resistance in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+Cd = (C1-4*C2)/3; // Distributive capacitor
+Q = 1/((2*%pi*f1)*R*(C1+Cd));
+
+printf('The value of Cd and Q of the coil are %.1f pf and %.2f respectively',Cd*10^12,Q);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook cannot be confirmed(The formulae for Cd mentions L2 variable whose value is not given in problem statement)
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c646177d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Exa 1.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+S = 10*10^3; // Sensitivity of voltmeter in Ohms/Volt
+V = 75; // Reading in Volts
+Vmax = 100; // Max voltage in Volts
+I = 1.5*10^-3; // reading in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Consider Fig.1.10, it shows Rm as meter of voltmeter drawing some current \n Thus, loading of the source happens i.e, loading effect \n');
+Rapparent = V/I;
+Rm = Vmax * S;
+// Rapparent = parallel combination of Rm and Rx
+// Therefore Rx can be given as
+Rx = (1/Rapparent - 1/Rm)^-1;
+printf(' True value of Rx = %.2f K Ohms \n',Rx);
+
+Error = 100* (Rx-Rapparent)/Rx ; // Error in percent
+printf(' The percentage error due to loading effect = %.1f percent \n',Error);
+
+//The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f770ff743 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Rm = 100; // Resistor value in Ohms
+I = 10; // Current in Amp
+Im = 1*10^-3; // Meter current in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+Ish = I - Im;
+Vm = Im * Rm; // Vm = Vsh
+Vsh = Vm;
+Rsh = Vsh/Ish;
+
+printf('The value of shunt resistance Rsh = %.2f Ohms \n',Rsh);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d18700c55 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Exa 1.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Imax = 100*10^-6; // Initial range of Ammeter in Amp
+Rm = 800; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+I1max = 0.1; // Range to be extended in Amp
+I2max = 10; // Range to be extended in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' Referring Figs. 1.21 and 1.22 :- \n');
+
+n = I1max/Imax;
+Rsh = Rm/(n-1);
+printf(' Ra + Rb + Rc = Rsh; \n ');
+printf(' The value of Rsh by calculations = %.4f Ohms \n',Rsh);
+printf(' Referring calculations done in textbook,\n we can get values of Ra,Rb and Rc as follows :- \n');
+Rc = Imax*(Rsh+Rm)/I2max;
+Rb = (Imax/I1max)*(Rsh+Rm) - Rc;
+Ra = Rsh-(Rb+Rc);
+printf(' Ra = %.3f Ohms, Rb = %.3f Ohms and Rc = %.3f Ohms \n',Ra,Rb,Rc);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Rc and not at all given for Ra and Rb
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55aa7af4a --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Formulae's from Example 1.6 are used here
+// Exa 1.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring circuit given in Fig. 1.23
+Rm = 1000; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Im = 100*10^-6; // Meter current in Amp
+I1 = 1; // im Amp
+I2 = 0.1; // in Amp
+I3 = 10; // in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+n = I3/I2;
+Rsh = Rm/(n-1);
+Rc = (Im/I2)*(Rsh+Rm);
+Rb = Rc - (Im/I1)*(Rsh+Rm);
+Ra = Rsh-(Rb+Rc);
+
+printf('The Values of Ra, Rb and Rc are %.2f Ohms, %.2f Ohms and %.2f Ohms respectively \n',Ra,Rb,Rc);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Ra
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb6c314c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Exa 1.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig.1.26
+Ifs = 50*10^-6; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Rm = 11; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+R1 = 3; // Range in Volts
+R2 = 10; // range in Volts
+R3 = 30; // Range in Volts
+
+// Solution
+
+S = 1/Ifs; // Sensitivity in Ohms/V
+
+printf('The values of multiplier resistances in the different ranges are :- \n');
+printf(' For 3-V range :');
+Rs1 = S*R1-Rm;
+printf('%d k Ohms \n',Rs1/1000);
+printf(' For 10-V range :');
+Rs2 = S*R2-Rm;
+printf('%d k Ohms \n',Rs2/1000);
+printf(' For 30-V range :');
+Rs3 = S*R3-Rm;
+printf('%d k Ohms \n',Rs3/1000);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Rs1
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3830/CH1/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25e272882 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 4.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An oscilloscope
+
+R = 400; // Resistance(k Ohms)
+C = 0.025; // capacitance(micro Farad)
+T = 0.4; // Time period of saw-tooth output waveform(msec)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The percentage of non linearity i.e deviation in output can be given as t/(4*R*C)\n ');
+PD = (T*10^-3)/(4*R*10^3*C*10^-6) ;
+
+printf(' Therefore, by calculation, percent deviation = %d percent \n ',PD*100);
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