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+clc;
+xd=1.2; // d axis synchronous reactance
+xq=0.8; // q axis synchronous reactance
+ra=0.025; // armature resistance
+vt=1; // pu rated per phase voltage
+disp('case a');
+disp('For lagging power factor')
+pf=0.8; // power factor
+ia=1*(pf-sqrt(1-pf^2)*%i); // armature current
+Ef1=vt+%i*(ia*xq)+ia*ra; // excitation EMF
+id=1*sind(atand(imag(Ef1),real(Ef1))+acosd(pf)); // d component of armature current
+iq=1*cosd(atand(imag(Ef1),real(Ef1))+acosd(pf)); // q component of armature current
+Ef=abs(Ef1)+id*(xd-xq); // excitation EMF
+printf('Excitation EMF is %f p.u. at a load angle of %f degrees\n',abs(Ef),atand(imag(Ef1),real(Ef1)));
+disp('case b');
+disp('For leading power factor')
+pf=0.8; // power factor
+ia=1*(pf+sqrt(1-pf^2)*%i); // armature current
+Ef1=vt+%i*(ia*xq)+ia*ra; // excitation EMF
+id=1*sind(atand(imag(Ef1),real(Ef1))-acosd(pf)); // d component of armature current
+iq=1*cosd(atand(imag(Ef1),real(Ef1))-acosd(pf)); // q component of armature current
+Ef=abs(Ef1)+id*(xd-xq); // excitation EMF
+printf('Excitation EMF is %f p.u.at a load angle of %f degrees\n',abs(Ef),atand(imag(Ef1),real(Ef1)));
+
+
+