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+clc;
+Vt=230;//terminal voltage of dc shunt machine
+Il=40;//Line current
+Ra=0.5;//Armature circuit resistance
+Rf=115;//Field circuit resistance
+//GENERATOR OPERATION
+If=Vt/Rf;//field current
+Ia1=If+Il;//armature current
+Ea1=Vt+Ia1*Ra;//generated emf
+//Ea1=k*Ng*phi ....(1), where Ng is the generator speed & phi is flux per pole proportional to If
+//MOTOR OPERATION
+Ia2=Il-If;//armature current
+Ea2=Vt-Ia2*Ra;//generated emf
+//Ea2=k*Nm*phi ....(2), where Nm is the motor speed & phi is flux per pole proportional to If
+//From equation (1)&(2), (Ea1/Ea2)=((Ng*phi)/(Nm*phi))
+N=Ea1/Ea2;//ratio of speed of generator to motor,N=Ng/Nm
+printf('The ratio of speed as a generator to the speed as a motor is %f.',N)