diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3755')
155 files changed, 2791 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3755/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3755/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a10a62f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+x=9*10^9;
+r0=2.81*10^-10; //equilibrium distance(m)
+A=1.748; //madelung constant
+n=9; //repulsive exponent value
+
+//Calculations
+U0=-(x*A*e/r0)*(1-1/n); //potential energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n potential energy is %0.3f eV",U0/2)
diff --git a/3755/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3755/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2769e7b15 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+x=9*10^9;
+r0=3.56*10^-10; //equilibrium distance(m)
+A=1.763; //madelung constant
+n=10.5; //repulsive exponent value
+IE=3.89; //ionisation energy(eV)
+EA=-3.61; //electron affinity(eV)
+
+//Calculations
+U0=-(x*A*e/r0)*(1-1/n); //ionic cohesive energy(eV)
+U=U0+IE+EA; //atomic cohesive energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n ionic cohesive energy is %0.2f eV",U0)
+printf("\n atomic cohesive energy is %0.2f eV",U)
diff --git a/3755/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3755/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cac86118d --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+N=6.02*10^26; //Avagadro Number
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+x=9*10^9;
+r0=0.324*10^-9; //equilibrium distance(m)
+A=1.748; //madelung constant
+n=9.5; //repulsive exponent value
+
+//Calculations
+U0=(A*e*x/r0)*(1-1/n);
+U=(U0)*N*e*10^-3; //binding energy(kJ/kmol)
+
+
+//Result
+printf("\n binding energy is %0.0f *10^3 kJ/kmol",U/10^3)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..200faa2de --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+P=4.3*10^-8; //polarisation(per cm^2)
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+E=1000; //electric field(V/m)
+
+//Calculations
+epsilonr=1+(P/(epsilon0*E)); //relative permittivity
+
+//Result
+printf("\n relative permittivity is %0.2f ",epsilonr)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65a08a07c --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+epsilonr=1.0000684; //dielectric constant
+N=2.7*10^25; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; //electronic polarizability(Fm^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n electronic polarizability is %e Fm^2",alphae)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..808162e85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.854*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+alphae=10^-40; //dielectric polarizability(Fm^2)
+N=3*10^28; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+epsilonr=1+(N*alphae/epsilon0); //dielectric constant
+
+//Result
+printf("\n dielectric constant is %e ",epsilonr)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12fd228b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+epsilonr=1.0024; //dielectric constant
+N=2.7*10^25; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; //electronic polarizability(Fm^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n electronic polarizability is %0.1f *10^-40 Fm^2",alphae*10^40)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36b840992 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilonr=1.0000684; //dielectric constant
+N=2.7*10^25; //number of atoms
+X=1/(9*10^9);
+E=10^6; //electric field(V/m)
+Z=2; //atomic number
+e=1.6*10^-19; //electron charge(coulomb)
+
+//Calculations
+R=((epsilonr-1)/(4*%pi*N))^(1/3); //radius of electron cloud(m)
+x=X*E*R^3/(Z*e); //displacement(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n radius of electron cloud is %0.2f *10^-11 m",R*10^11)
+printf("\n displacement is %0.5f *10^-17 m",x*10^17)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d142ba98e --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //dielectric constant
+N=3*10^28; //number of atoms
+alphae=10^-40; //dielectric polarizability(Fm^2)
+
+//Calculations
+x=N*alphae/(3*epsilon0);
+epsilonr=(1+(2*x))/(1-x); //dielectric constant
+
+//Result
+printf("\n dielectric constant is %0.2f ",epsilonr)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e00ce9e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //dielectric constant
+Na=6.023*10^26; //number of atoms
+M=32; //atomic mass
+alphae=3.28*10^-40; //dielectric polarizability(Fm^2)
+rho=2.08*10^3; //density(kg/m^3)
+
+//Calculations
+x=Na*rho*alphae/(M*3*epsilon0);
+epsilonr=(1+(2*x))/(1-x); //dielectric constant
+
+//Result
+printf("\n dielectric constant is %0.1f ",epsilonr)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da25ebeb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //dielectric constant
+Na=6.02*10^26; //number of atoms
+epsilonr=3.75; //dielectric constant
+M=32; //atomic mass
+rho=2050; //density(kg/m^3)
+gama=1/3; //internal field constant
+
+//Calculations
+N=Na*rho/M; //number of atoms
+alphae=((epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+2))*(3*epsilon0/N); //electronic polarizability(Fm^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n electronic polarizability is %0.2f *10^-40 Fm^2",alphae*10^40)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fc6f09a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilonr=4.94; //dielectric constant
+n2=2.69;
+
+//Calculations
+x=(epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+2);
+y=(n2-1)/(n2+2);
+alpha=1/((x/y)-1); //ratio between electronic and ionic polarizability
+
+//Result
+printf("\n ratio between electronic and ionic polarizability is %0.3f ",alpha)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc8a592ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilonr=5.6; //dielectric constant
+n=1.5;
+
+//Calculations
+x=(epsilonr+2)/(epsilonr-1);
+y=(n^2-1)/(n^2+2);
+alpha=(1-(x*y))*100; //percentage of ionic polarizability
+
+//Result
+printf("\n percentage of ionic polarizability is %0.1f percentage",alpha)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80a737297 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+k=4;
+epsilon0=9*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+E=10^6; //electric field(V/m)
+
+//Calculations
+D=k*epsilon0*E; //electric displacement(C/m^2)
+P=epsilon0*E*(k-1); //polarisation(C/m^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n electric displacement is %0.0f *10^-6 C/m^2",D*10^6)
+printf("\n polarisation is %0.0f *10^-6 C/m^2",P*10^6)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42a32d913 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+k=5;
+epsilon0=8.86*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+D=5*10^-12; //electric displacement(C/m^2)
+V=0.5*10^-6;
+
+//Calculations
+E=D/(k*epsilon0); //electric field(N/C)
+P=D*(1-(1/k)); //polarisation(C/m^2)
+dm=P*V; //induced dipole moment(cm)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n electric field is %e N/C",E)
+printf("\n polarisation is %e C/m^2",P)
+printf("\n induced dipole moment is %e cm",dm)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc7376531 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+k=1.000074;
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+E=1; //electric field(N/C)
+n=2.69*10^25; //molecular density
+
+//Calculations
+p=epsilon0*E*(k-1)/n; //dipole moment(coulx metre)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n dipole moment is %0.2f *10^-41 coul x metre",p*10^41)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb908446a --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+k=1.000134;
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+E=90000; //electric field(N/C)
+N=6.023*10^26; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculations
+n=N/22.4;
+p=epsilon0*E*(k-1)/n; //dipole moment(coul-metre)
+alpha=p/E; //atomic polarizability(coul-m^2/volt)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n dipole moment is %0.2f *10^-36 coul-metre",p*10^36)
+printf("\n atomic polarizability is %0.1f *10^-41 coul-m^2/volt",alpha*10^41)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1491fb91a --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+k=7;
+epsilon0=8.9*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+V0=100; //potential difference(V)
+d=10^-2; //displacement(m)
+
+//Calculations
+E0=V0/d; //electric field intensity(volt/m)
+E=E0/k; //electric field(N/C)
+D=k*E*epsilon0; //electric displacement(C/m^2)
+p=epsilon0*E*(k-1); //dipole moment(coul-metre)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n electric field is %0.2f *10^3 volt/m",E/10^3)
+printf("\n electric displacement is %e C/m^2",D)
+printf("\n dipole moment is %0.1f *10^-8 C/m^2",p*10^8)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2192718ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+chi=35.4*10^-12; //electric susceptibility(coul^2/nt-m^2)
+
+//Calculations
+k=1+(chi/epsilon0); //dielectric constant
+epsilon=epsilon0*k; //permittivity(coul^2/nt-m^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n dielectric constant is %0.3f ",k)
+printf("\n permittivity is %0.2f *10^-12 coul^2/nt-m^2",epsilon*10^12)
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8191302c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+E=100; //electric field(N/C)
+epsilonr=1.000074; //dielectric constant
+n=2.68*10^27; //density
+
+//Calculations
+p=epsilon0*E*(epsilonr-1)/n; //dipole moment(coul-metre)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n dipole moment is %0.4f *10^-41 C/m^2",p*10^41)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3755/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7248ed30f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10^-12; //relative permeability(F/m)
+R=0.053*10^-9; //radius(nm)
+N=9.8*10^26; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+alphae=4*%pi*epsilon0*R^3; //electronic polarizability(Fm^2)
+epsilonr=1+(4*%pi*N*R^3); //relative permittivity
+
+//Result
+printf("\n electronic polarizability is %0.4f *10^-41 Fm^2",alphae*10^41)
+printf("\n relative permittivity is %0.4f ",epsilonr)
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..412916241 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+mew0=4*%pi*10^-7;
+B=0.2; //magnetic induction(web/m^2)
+H=500; //magnetic field intensity(amp/m)
+
+//Calculation
+mewr=B/(mew0*H); //relative permeability
+chi=mewr-1; //susceptibility
+
+//Result
+printf("\n relative permeability is %0.1f ",mewr)
+printf("\n susceptibility is %0.1f ",chi)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..868e959fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+mew0=4*%pi*10^-7;
+chi=948*10^-11; //susceptibility
+
+//Calculation
+mewr=1+chi; //relative permeability
+mew=mewr*mew0; //absolute permeability
+
+//Result
+printf("\n relative permeability is %0.3f ",mewr)
+printf("\n absolute permeability is %0.3f *10^-6",mew*10^6)
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dbe87702 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+H=6.5*10^-4; //magnetizing force(amp/m)
+M=1.4; //magnetic field(T)
+
+//Calculation
+chi=M/H;
+mewr=1+chi; //relative permeability
+
+//Result
+printf("\n relative permeability is %0.3f ",mewr)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6871e2c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+H=220; //magnetizing force(amp/m)
+M=3300; //magnetic field(T)
+
+//Calculation
+chi=(M/H)+1; //relative permeability
+
+//Result
+printf("\n relative permeability is %0.3f ",chi)
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f0f4eefb --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+H=1600; //magnetizing force(amp/m)
+phi=4*10^-4; //flux(weber)
+A=4*10^-4; //area(m^2)
+
+//Calculation
+B=phi/A;
+mew=B/H; //permeability of rod(weber/amp.m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n permeability of rod is %0.3f *10^-3 weber/amp.m",mew*10^3)
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db642c40f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+H=10^6; //magnetizing force(amp/m)
+mew0=4*%pi*10^-7;
+chi=1.5*10^-3; //susceptibility
+
+//Calculation
+M=chi*H; //magnetisation of material(A/m)
+B=mew0*(M+H); //flux density(T)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n magnetisation of material is %0.3f *10^3 A/m",M/10^3)
+printf("\n flux density is %0.3f T",B)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e53522249 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+mew0=4*%pi*10^-7;
+phi=2*10^-6; //flux(weber)
+A=10^-4; //area(m^2)
+N=300; //number of turns
+l=30*10^-2; //length(m)
+i=0.032; //current(ampere)
+
+//Calculation
+B=phi/A; //flux density(weber/metre^2)
+n=N/l;
+H=n*i; //magnetic intensity(amp-turn/metre)
+mew=B/H; //permeability of ring(weber/amp-metre)
+mewr=mew/mew0; //relative permeability
+chi=mewr-1; //magnetic susceptibility
+
+//Result
+printf("\n flux density is %0.3f *10^-2 weber/metre^2",B*10^2)
+printf("\n magnetic intensity is %0.0f amp-turn/metre",H)
+printf("\n permeability of ring is %0.3f *10^-7 weber/amp-metre",mew*10^7)
+printf("\n relative permeability is %0.1f ",mewr)
+printf("\n magnetic susceptibility is %0.3f ",chi)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf4a535b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+new=6.5*10^15; //frequency(Hz)
+r=0.54*10^-10; //radius(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+
+//Calculation
+mew_m=e*new*%pi*r^2; //magnetic moment(A-m^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n magnetic moment is %0.2f *10^-24 A-m^2",mew_m*10^24)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce b/3755/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb2b24348 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.64*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+
+//Calculation
+mewb=e*h/(4*%pi*m); //bohr's magneton(J/T)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n bohrs magneton is %0.2f *10^-24 J/T",mewb*10^24)
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4db44ca49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of matter wave(m/s)
+h=6.62*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+lamda=6328*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E=h*c/(lamda*e); //energy of photon(eV)
+p=h/lamda; //momentum of photon(kg m/s)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n energy of photon is %0.2f eV",E)
+printf("\n momentum of photon is %0.2f *10^-27 kg m/s",p*10^27)
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55f223773 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of matter wave(m/s)
+h=6.62*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+lamda=7000*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+n=2.8*10^19; //number of ions
+
+//Calculation
+E=n*h*c/lamda; //energy of laser pulse(joule)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n energy of laser pulse is %0.2f joule",E)
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..121c6a273 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of matter wave(m/s)
+l=2.945*10^-2;
+lamda=5890*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculation
+n=l/lamda; //number of oscillations
+tow_c=l/c; //coherence time(s)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n number of oscillations is %0.0f *10^4",n/10^4)
+printf("\n coherence time is %0.2f *10^-11 s",tow_c*10^11)
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf6c51c56 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+P=10*10^-3; //power(W)
+d=1.3*10^-3; //diameter(m)
+
+//Calculation
+I=4*P/(%pi*d^2); //intensity of beam(W/m^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n intensity of beam is %0.1f kW/m^2",I/10^3)
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5e75ef8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of matter wave(m/s)
+h=6.62*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+lamda=6940*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+P=1; //power(J)
+
+//Calculation
+n=P*lamda/(h*c); //number of ions
+
+//Result
+printf("\n number of ions is %0.2f *10^18",n/10^18)
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..371fc6329 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of matter wave(m/s)
+h=6.62*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+lamda=6*10^-7; //wavelength(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+k=8.6*10^-5;
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+E=h*c/(lamda*e); //energy(eV)
+N=-E/(k*T); //population ratio
+
+//Result
+printf("\n population ratio is e^ %0.3f ",N)
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7db8dbe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=10.66*10^-6; //wavelength(m)
+delta_lamda=10^-5*10^-9; //line width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+cl=lamda^2/delta_lamda; //coherence length(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n coherence length is %0.2f km",cl/10^3)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce b/3755/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56fd1f616 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=7000*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+d=5*10^-3; //aperture(m)
+f=0.2; //focal length(m)
+P=50*10^-3; //power(W)
+
+//Calculation
+d_theta=1.22*lamda/d; //angular speed(radian)
+A=(d_theta*f)^2; //areal speed(m^2)
+I=P/A; //intensity of image(watt/m^2)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n areal speed is %0.3f *10^-8 m^2",A*10^8)
+printf("\n intensity of image is %0.2f *10^5 watt/m^2",I/10^5)
+printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78b1bdb85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.5; //core refractive index
+n2=1.48; //cladding refractive index
+n=1;
+
+//Calculations
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //numerical aperture
+i0=asin(NA/n); //maximum entrance angle(radian)
+i0=i0*180/%pi ; //maximum entrance angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.5f ",NA)
+printf("\n maximum entrance angle is %0.2f degrees",i0)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..beb596a94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+delta=0.0045; //relative difference
+i0=0.115; //acceptance angle(radians)
+v=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/s)
+
+//Calculations
+NA=sin(i0); //numerical aperture
+n1=NA/sqrt(2*delta); //core refractive index
+vcore=v/n1; //velocity of light in fibre core(m/s)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n velocity of light in fibre core is %0.3f *10^8 m/s",vcore/10^8)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b05a6f80 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+V=2.405; //V-number
+lamda=8500*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+n1=1.48; //core refractive index
+n2=1.47; //cladding refractive index
+
+//Calculations
+d=V*lamda/(%pi*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)); //diameter of core(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n diameter of core is %0.2f *10^-6 m",d*10^6)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..019666bc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+V=2.405; //V-number
+lamda=1300*10^-3; //wavelength(micro m)
+n1=1.466; //core refractive index
+n2=1.46; //cladding refractive index
+
+//Calculations
+r=V*lamda/(2*%pi*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)); //maximum radius for fibre(micro m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n maximum radius for fibre is %0.2f micro m",r)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5899eee30 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=1.3; //wavelength(micro m)
+n1=1.5; //core refractive index
+Nm=1100; //number of modes
+delta=0.01; //refractive index difference
+
+//Calculations
+d=lamda*sqrt(Nm/delta)/(%pi*n1); //diameter of fibre core(micro m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n diameter of fibre core is %0.1f micro m",d)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01e2b3a67 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=1.1*10^-6; //wavelength(m)
+r=60/2*10^-6; //radius(m)
+NA=0.25; //numerical aperture
+
+//Calculations
+V=2*%pi*r*NA/lamda;
+Nm=V^2/4; //number of guided modes
+
+//Result
+printf("\n number of guided modes is %0.3f ",Nm)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ed902ecb --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+L=500/1000; //length(km)
+P0byPi=25/100; //optical power
+
+//Calculations
+dB=-10*log10(P0byPi)/L; //fibre loss(dB/km)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n fibre loss is %0.4f dB/km",dB)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76a7b7c97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+n0=1.33; //water refractive index
+n2=1.59; //cladding refractive index
+NA=0.2; //numerical aperture
+
+//Calculations
+n1=sqrt(NA^2+n2^2); //core refractive index
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)/n0; //numerical aperture
+i0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+i0=i0*180/%pi ; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n core refractive index is %0.4f ",n1)
+printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.1f degrees",i0)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e075865c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.36; //core refractive index
+delta=0.025; //relative difference
+
+//Calculations
+NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta); //numerical aperture
+i0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+i0=i0*180/%pi ; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA)
+printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.1f degrees",i0)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2afe2a6a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.5; //core refractive index
+n2=1.45; //cladding refractive index
+
+//Calculations
+delta=(n1-n2)/n1; //relative difference
+NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta); //numerical aperture
+i0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+i0=i0*180/%pi ; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+theta_c=asin(n2/n1); //critical angle(radian)
+theta_c=theta_c*180/%pi ; //critical angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA)
+printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.2f degrees",i0)
+printf("\n critical angle is %0.2f degrees",theta_c)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..770dc85d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+NA=0.22; //numerical aperture
+delta=0.012; //relative difference
+
+//Calculations
+N=1-delta;
+n1=sqrt(NA^2/(1-N^2)); //core refractive index
+n2=N*n1; //cladding refractive index
+
+//Result
+printf("\n core refractive index is %0.2f ",n1)
+printf("\n cladding refractive index is %0.3f ",n2)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0568b1b53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+NA=0.40; //numerical aperture
+delta=1/100; //relative difference
+
+//Calculations
+i0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radians)
+i0=i0*180/%pi ; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+N=1-delta;
+thetac=asin(N); //critical angle(radians)
+thetac=thetac*180/%pi ; //critical angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.1f degrees",i0)
+printf("\n critical angle is %0.1f degrees",thetac)
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d09b8551d --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+vf=3*10^8; //velocity of light in free space(m/s)
+vc=2*10^8; //velocity of light in core(m/s)
+thetac=60*%pi/180; //critical angle(radians)
+
+//Calculations
+n1=vf/vc; //core refractive index
+n2=n1*sin(thetac); //cladding refractive index
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //numerical aperture
+
+//Result
+printf("\n core refractive index is %0.3f ",n1)
+printf("\n cladding refractive index is %0.1f ",n2)
+printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA)
+printf("\n answer for numerical aperture varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce b/3755/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a292d534a --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+delta=0.03; //relative difference
+i0=22*%pi/180; //acceptance angle(radians)
+
+//Calculations
+NA=sin(i0); //numerical aperture
+N=1-delta;
+thetac=asin(N); //critical angle(radians)
+theta_c=thetac*180/%pi ; //critical angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA)
+printf("\n critical angle is %0.2f degrees",theta_c)
diff --git a/3755/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3755/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c9be0292 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+V=7500; //volume(m^3)
+T=1.5; //time(sec)
+
+//Calculations
+aS=0.165*V/T; //total absorption in hall(OWU)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n total absorption in hall is %0.3f OWU",aS)
diff --git a/3755/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3755/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1c06499f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+V=1500; //volume(m^3)
+A1=112; //area of plastered walls(m^2)
+A2=130; //area of wooden floor(m^2)
+A3=170; //area of plastered ceiling(m^2)
+A4=20; //area of wooden door(m^2)
+n=100; //number of cushioned chairs
+A5=120; //area of audience(m^2)
+C1=0.03; //coefficient of absorption in plastered walls
+C2=0.06; //coefficient of absorption in wooden floor
+C3=0.04; //coefficient of absorption in plastered ceiling
+C4=0.06; //coefficient of absorption in wooden door
+C5=1.0; //coefficient of absorption in cushioned chairs
+C6=4.7; //coefficient of absorption in audience
+
+//Calculations
+a1=A1*C1; //absorption due to plastered walls
+a2=A2*C2; //absorption due to wooden floor
+a3=A3*C3; //absorption due to plastered ceiling
+a4=A4*C4; //absorption due to wooden door
+a5=n*C5; //absorption due to cushioned chairs
+a6=A5*C6; //absorption due to audience
+aS=a1+a2+a3+a4+a5; //total absorption in hall
+T1=0.165*V/aS; //reverberation time when hall is empty(sec)
+T2=0.165*V/(aS+a6); //reverberation time with full capacity of audience(sec)
+T3=0.165*V/((n*C6)+aS); //reverberation time with audience in cushioned chairs(sec)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n reverberation time when hall is empty is %0.2f sec",T1)
+printf("\n reverberation time with full capacity of audience is %0.3f sec",T2)
+printf("\n reverberation time with audience in cushioned chairs is %0.2f sec",T3)
diff --git a/3755/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3755/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb59b8d04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+V=1200; //volume(m^3)
+a1=220; //area of wall(m^2)
+a2=120; //area of floor(m^2)
+a3=120; //area of ceiling(m^2)
+C1=0.03; //coefficient of absorption in wall
+C2=0.80; //coefficient of absorption in floor
+C3=0.06; //coefficient of absorption in ceiling
+
+//Calculations
+A1=a1*C1; //absorption due to plastered walls
+A2=a2*C2; //absorption due to wooden floor
+A3=a3*C3; //absorption due to plastered ceiling
+aS=a1+a2+a3; //total absorption in hall
+abar=(A1+A2+A3)/aS; //average sound absorption coefficient
+AS=abar*aS; //total absorption of room(metric sabines)
+T=0.165*V/AS; //reverberation time(sec)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n average sound absorption coefficient is %0.2f ",abar)
+printf("\n reverberation time is %0.1f sec",T)
diff --git a/3755/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3755/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98916f610 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+I0=10^-12; //standard intensity level(watt/m^2)
+A=1.4; //area(m^2)
+il=60; //intensity level(decibels)
+
+//Calculations
+x=10^(il/10);
+I=x*10^-12; //intensity level(watt/m^2)
+Ap=I*A; //acoustic power(watt)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n acoustic power is %e watt",Ap)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fc3b5080 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+M=28; //atomic weight of Si
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+a=5.3*10^-10; //lattice constant(m)
+n=4;
+
+//Calculations
+V=a^3; //volume(m^3)
+m=M/(N*10^3); //mass(kg)
+rho=n*m/V; //volume density(kg/m^3)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n volume density is %e kg/m^3",rho)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f544aff7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h1=0; //intercept on X axis
+k1=1; //intercept on Y axis
+l1=1; //intercept on Z-axis
+h2=1; //intercept on X axis
+k2=0; //intercept on Y axis
+l2=1; //intercept on Z-axis
+h3=1; //intercept on X axis
+k3=1; //intercept on Y axis
+l3=2; //intercept on Z-axis
+
+//Calculations
+d1=h1^2+k1^2+l1^2; //interplanar spacing in 1st plane(angstrom)
+d2=h2^2+k2^2+l2^2; //interplanar spacing in 2nd plane(angstrom)
+d3=h3^2+k3^2+l3^2; //interplanar spacing in 3rd plane(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n interplanar spacing in 1st plane is a/sqrt( %0.3f ) angstrom",d1)
+printf("\n interplanar spacing in 2nd plane is a/sqrt( %0.3f ) angstrom",d2)
+printf("\n interplanar spacing in 3rd plane is a/sqrt( %0.3f ) angstrom",d3)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db662d93f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=4.2; //lattice constant(angstrom)
+h=3; //intercept on X axis
+k=2; //intercept on Y axis
+l=1; //intercept on Z-axis
+
+//Calculations
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2); //interplanar spacing(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f angstrom",d)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c416de667 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+M=63.5; //atomic weight(gm/mol)
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+r=1.278*10^-8; //atomic radius(cm)
+n=4;
+
+//Calculations
+m=M/N; //mass(g)
+a=4*r/sqrt(2); //lattice constant(cm)
+V=a^3; //volume(m^3)
+rho=n*m/V; //density of crystal(g/cm^3)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n density of crystal is %0.3f gm/cm^3",rho)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19a7d5525 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+r=1; //assume
+
+//Calculations
+a=4*r/sqrt(3); //lattice constant
+R=(a-(2*r))/2; //minimum radius
+
+//Result"
+printf("\n minimum radius is %0.3f r",R)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac3be6e81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+r=1; //assume
+
+//Calculations
+a=4*r/sqrt(2); //lattice constant
+R=(a/2)-r; //maximum radius
+
+//Result"
+printf("\n maximum radius is %0.3f r",R)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15cac2a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+r1=1.258*10^-10; //atomic radius(m)
+r2=1.292*10^-10; //atomic radius(m)
+n1=2;
+n2=4;
+
+//Calculations
+a1=4*r1/sqrt(3); //lattice constant(m)
+V1=a1^3/n1; //volume(m^3)
+a2=2*sqrt(2)*r2; //lattice constant(m)
+V2=a2^3/n2; //volume(m^3)
+V=(V1-V2)*100/V1; //percent volume change
+
+//Result"
+printf("\n percent volume change is %0.1f percentage",V)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bfb4030b --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=0.356*10^-9; //cube edge(m)
+M=12.01; //atomic weight
+N=6.023*10^26; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculations
+n=8/a^3; //number of atoms
+m=M/N; //mass(kg)
+rho=m*n; //density of diamond(kg/m^3)
+
+//Result"
+printf("\n number of atoms is %0.2f *10^29",n/10^29)
+printf("\n density of diamond is %0.1f kg/m^3",rho)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..607ca7698 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+M=55.85; //atomic weight
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+a=2.9*10^-8; //lattice constant(m)
+rho=7.87; //volume density(gm/cc)
+
+//Calculations
+n=rho*N*a^3/M; //number of atoms per unit cell
+
+//Result
+printf("\n number of atoms per unit cell is %0.3f ",n)
+printf("\n the lattice is BCC")
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c47f09be2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=0.27*10^-9; //lattice constant(m)
+c=0.494*10^-9; //height of cell(m)
+M=65.37; //atomic weight
+N=6.023*10^26; //avagadro number
+n=6; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+V=3*sqrt(3)*a^2*c/2; //volume of unit cell(m^3)
+rho=n*M/(N*V); //density of zinc(kg/m^3)
+
+//Result"
+printf("\n volume of unit cell is %0.3f *10^-29 m^3",V*10^29)
+printf("\n density of zinc is %0.0f kg/m^3",rho)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd20d6a71 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+a1=5.43*10^-8; //lattice constant(cm)
+M1=28.1; //atomic weight
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+n1=8; //number of atoms
+a2=5.65*10^-8; //lattice constant(cm)
+M2=144.6; //atomic weight
+n2=4; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+rho1=n1*M1/(N*a1^3); //density of Si(gm/cm^3)
+rho2=n2*M2/(N*a2^3); //density of GaAs(gm/cm^3)
+
+//Result"
+printf("\n density of Si is %0.2f gm/cm^3",rho1)
+printf("\n density of GaAs is %0.3f gm/cm^3",rho2)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3c7a711a --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=6250; //density(kg/m^3)
+M=60.2; //molecular weight
+N=6.02*10^26; //avagadro number
+n=4; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=(n*M/(rho*N))^(1/3); //lattice constant(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n lattice constant is %0.0f angstrom",a*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f609e6bbd --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+r=1.278*10^-8; //atomic radius(cm)
+M=63.54; //molecular weight(g/mol)
+N=6.02*10^23; //avagadro number
+n=4; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=4*r/sqrt(2); //lattice constant(cm)
+rho=n*M*10^3/(N*a^3); //density(kg/m^3)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n density of copper is %0.0f kg/m^3",rho)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f0e8e7f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=7870; //density(kg/m^3)
+M=55.8; //molecular weight
+N=6.02*10^26; //avagadro number
+n=2; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=(n*M/(rho*N))^(1/3); //lattice constant(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n lattice constant is %0.3f angstrom",a*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9936536ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=6.23; //density(gm/cc)
+M=60; //molecular weight
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+n=4; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=(n*M/(rho*N))^(1/3); //lattice constant(cm)
+r=a*sqrt(2)*10^8/4; //radius of atom(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n radius of atom is %0.3f angstrom",r)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb767b688 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=2.48; //density(gm/cc)
+M=58; //molecular weight
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+n=4; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=(n*M/(rho*N))^(1/3); //lattice constant(cm)
+r=a*sqrt(2)*10^8/4; //radius of atom(angstrom)
+d=2*r; //distance between ions(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n distance between ions is %0.1f angstrom",d)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8980fa419 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=8.96; //density(gm/cc)
+M=63.5; //molecular weight
+N=6.02*10^23; //avagadro number
+n=4; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=(n*M/(rho*N))^(1/3); //lattice constant(cm)
+d=a/sqrt(2)*10^8; //distance between ions(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n distance between ions is %0.2f angstrom",d)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..796fa807d --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=5.96; //density(gm/cc)
+M=50; //molecular weight
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+n=2; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=(n*M/(rho*N))^(1/3); //lattice constant(cm)
+r=a*sqrt(3)/4; //radius of atom(angstrom)
+pf=n*(4/3)*%pi*r^3/a^3; //packing factor
+
+//Result
+printf("\n packing factor is %0.2f ",pf)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ae2c41e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=1; //assume
+n=2; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+r=a*sqrt(3)/4; //radius of atom
+V=4*%pi*r^3/3; //volume
+f=n*V*100/a^3; //packing fraction
+
+//Result
+printf("\n packing fraction is %0.0f percentage",f)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0cdc605a --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+M=120; //atomic mass
+N=6.023*10^23; //avagadro number
+n=2;
+g=20; //mass(gm)
+
+//Calculations
+u=n*M/N;
+nu=g/u; //number of unit cells
+
+//Result
+printf("\n number of unit cells is %0.3f *10^22",nu/10^22)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38a0c3be8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+Vd=3*10^22; //density(gm/cc)
+n=8*(1/8); //number of atoms
+
+//Calculations
+a=(n/Vd)^(1/3); //lattice constant(cm)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n lattice constant is %0.2f angstrom",a*10^8)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..178502c63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=1.2;
+b=1.8;
+c=2.0; //crystal primitives
+x=2;
+y=3;
+z=1; //intercepts
+h=1.2; //intercept on X axis
+
+//Calculations
+h1=a/x;
+k1=b/y;
+l1=c/z;
+k=h*h1/k1; //intercept on Y axis
+l=h*l1/h1; //intercept on Z-axis
+
+//Result
+printf("\n intercept on Y axis is %0.3f angstrom",k)
+printf("\n intercept on Z axis is %0.3f angstrom",l)
diff --git a/3755/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3755/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32e9bca2c --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+r=1.246; //atomic radius(angstrom)
+h1=2; //intercept on X axis
+k1=0; //intercept on Y axis
+l1=0; //intercept on Z-axis
+h2=2; //intercept on X axis
+k2=2; //intercept on Y axis
+l2=0; //intercept on Z-axis
+h3=1; //intercept on X axis
+k3=1; //intercept on Y axis
+l3=1; //intercept on Z-axis
+
+//Calculations
+a=2*sqrt(2)*r; //lattice constant
+d1=a/sqrt(h1^2+k1^2+l1^2); //interplanar spacing in 1st plane(angstrom)
+d2=a/sqrt(h2^2+k2^2+l2^2); //interplanar spacing in 2nd plane(angstrom)
+d3=a/sqrt(h3^2+k3^2+l3^2); //interplanar spacing in 3rd plane(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n interplanar spacing in 1st plane is %0.3f angstrom",d1)
+printf("\n interplanar spacing in 2nd plane is %0.3f angstrom",d2)
+printf("\n interplanar spacing in 3rd plane is %0.4f angstrom",d3)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b753e42f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+d=2.82*10^-10; //lattice spacing(m)
+theta=10; //glancing angle(degree)
+n=1; //order
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength is %0.5f angstrom",lamda*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89afb2760 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=1.3922; //wavelength(angstrom)
+n=1;
+theta=14+(27/60)+(26/(60*60)); //glancing angle(degree)
+M=58.454; //molecular weight
+rho=2163; //density(kg/m^3)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)); //lattice spacing(angstrom)
+d_m=d*10^-10; //lattice spacing(m)
+N=M/(2*rho*d_m^3); //avagadro number(mol/k-mole)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n lattice spacing is %0.4f angstrom",d)
+printf("\n avagadro number is %0.4f *10^26 mol/k-mole",N/10^26)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2fd599960 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.586*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+theta1=5+(58/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+theta2=12+(10/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+theta3=18+(12/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+
+//Calculation
+theta1=theta1*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta2=theta2*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta3=theta3*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+x1=sin(theta1);
+x2=sin(theta2);
+x3=sin(theta3);
+d1=lamda/(2*sin(theta1)); //spacing for 1st order(m)
+d2=2*lamda/(2*sin(theta2)); //spacing for 2nd order(m)
+d3=3*lamda/(2*sin(theta3)); //spacing for 3rd order(m)
+d=(d1+d2+d3)/3; //spacing(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n ratio of angles of incidence are %0.3f : %0.4f : %0.4f which is nothing but %0.1f : %0.1f : %0.1f ",x1,x2,x3,x1,x2,x3)
+printf("\n angles of incidence should be 1st, 2nd and 3rd orders")
+printf("\n spacing is %0.3f *10^-10 m",d*10^10)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17c30190f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+theta1=5+(23/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+theta2=7+(37/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+theta3=9+(25/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+
+//Calculation
+theta1=theta1*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta2=theta2*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta3=theta3*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+x1=sin(theta1);
+X1=1/(10*x1);
+x2=sin(theta2)/x1;
+x3=sin(theta3)/x1;
+
+//Result
+printf("\n ratio of angles of incidence are %0.3f : %0.3f : %0.3f ",x1,x2,x3)
+printf("\n the crystal is a simple cubic crystal")
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2de61fada --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J sec)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+m=9*10^-31; //mass(kg)
+E=344; //energy(volts)
+n=1;
+theta=60; //angle(degrees)
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=h/sqrt(2*m*e*E); //wavelength(m)
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=n*lamda*10^10/(2*sin(theta)); //spacing of crystal(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n spacing of crystal is %0.2f angstrom",d)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1e76e374 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=2;
+k=2;
+l=0;
+n=1;
+theta=32; //angle(degrees)
+lamda=1.54*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=n*lamda*10^10/(2*sin(theta)); //spacing of crystal(angstrom)
+a=d*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2); //lattice parameter(angstrom)
+r=a/(2*sqrt(2)); //radius of atom(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n lattice parameter is %0.1f angstrom",a)
+printf("\n radius of atom is %0.2f angstrom",r)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6c47d7b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+d=3.035*10^-10; //lattice spacing(m)
+theta=12; //glancing angle(degree)
+n=1; //order
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength is %0.3f angstrom",lamda*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a563639e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+d=2.81; //lattice spacing(angstrom)
+theta1=15.1; //glancing angle(degree)
+theta2=17.1; //glancing angle(degree)
+
+//Calculation
+theta1=theta1*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+lamda1=2*d*sin(theta1); //wavelength(angstrom)
+theta2=theta2*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+lamda2=2*d*sin(theta2); //wavelength(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelengths are %0.3f angstrom and %0.4f angstrom",lamda1,lamda2)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f5ebf42e --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=1.54; //wavelength(angstrom)
+theta=11; //glancing angle(degree)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=lamda/(2*sin(theta)); //separation between lattice planes(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n separation between lattice planes is %0.3f angstrom",d)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21deb9293 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamdaB=0.92; //wavelength(angstrom)
+theta1=30; //glancing angle(degree)
+theta2=60; //glancing angle(degree)
+
+//Calculation
+theta1=theta1*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta2=theta2*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+lamdaA=2*lamdaB*sin(theta1)/sin(theta1); //wavelength of line A(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength is %0.3f angstrom",lamdaA)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44b25086a --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+d=0.4086*10^-10; //lattice spacing(m)
+theta=65; //glancing angle(degree)
+h=6.6*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass(kg)
+n=1;
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n; //debroglie wavelength(m)
+v=h/(m*lamda); //velocity(m/sec)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n debroglie wavelength is %0.4f *10^-10 metre",lamda*10^10)
+printf("\n velocity is %0.3f *10^6 m/sec",v/10^6)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e5f583e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+d=2.82*10^-10; //lattice spacing(m)
+sintheta=1;
+n=1;
+
+//Calculation
+lamda_max=2*d*sintheta/n; //longest wavelength(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n longest wavelength is %0.3f angstrom",lamda_max*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb4ad52f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+d=0.842*10^-10; //lattice spacing(m)
+theta1=8+(35/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+n1=1; //order
+n2=3; //order
+
+//Calculation
+theta1=theta1*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta3=asin(n2*sin(theta1)); //glancing angle(radian)
+theta3=theta3*180/%pi ; //glancing angle(degree)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n glancing angle is %0.3f degree",theta3)
diff --git a/3755/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3755/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27c5e7797 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.58; //wavelength(angstrom)
+theta1=6+(45/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+theta2=9+(15/60); //glancing angle(degree)
+theta3=13; //glancing angle(degree)
+
+//Calculation
+theta1=theta1*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta2=theta2*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+theta3=theta3*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+x1=lamda/(2*sin(theta1));
+x2=lamda/(2*sin(theta2));
+
+//Result
+printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.3f angstrom",x2)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3755/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23490abd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T1=773; //temperature(K)
+T2=1273; //temperature(K)
+n=1*10^-10; //fraction of vacancy sites
+
+//Calculations
+X=(T1*log(n)/T2);
+
+x=exp(X); //fraction of vacancy sites at 1000 C
+
+//Result
+printf("\n fraction of vacancy sites at 1000 C is %0.4f *10^-7",x*10^7)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3755/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..963718ecc --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T=273+25; //temperature(K)
+m=4;
+n=5*10^11; //density(per m^3)
+V=(2*2.82*10^-10)^3; //volume(m^3)
+kB=8.625*10^-5;
+
+//Calculations
+N=m/V;
+Ep=2*kB*T*log(N/n);
+
+//Result
+printf("\n energy required is %0.3f eV",Ep)
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e58f212d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+b=2.92*10^-3; //value of b(mK)
+lamda=4900*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculations
+T=b/lamda; //temperature(K)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n temperature is %0.0f K",T)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..586b8b3f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T=1500; //temperature(K)
+lamda=5500; //wavelength(m)
+lamda_m=20000; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculations
+T_dash=lamda_m*T/lamda; //temperature of sun(K)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n temperature is %0.0f K",T_dash)
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..088a844f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T=327+273; //temperature(K)
+b=2.897*10^-3; //value of b(mK)
+
+//Calculations
+lamda_m=b/T; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda_m*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd316b672 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T=10^7; //temperature(K)
+b=0.292; //value of b(cmK)
+
+//Calculations
+lamda_m=b/T; //wavelength(cm)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength is %0.3f angstrom",lamda_m*10^8)
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..932a59192 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T=1127+273; //temperature(K)
+lamda_m=2*10^-6; //wavelength(m)
+lamda=14*10^-6; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculations
+Tm=lamda_m*T/lamda; //temperature of moon(K)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n temperature of moon is %0.0f K",Tm)
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d498f3c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda_m=4753*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+lamda=14*10^-6; //wavelength(m)
+b=0.2898*10^-2; //value of constant(mK)
+
+//Calculations
+Ts=b/lamda_m; //temperature of sun(K)
+Tm=b/lamda; //temperature of moon(K)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n temperature of sun is %0.0f K",Ts)
+printf("\n temperature of moon is %0.0f K",Tm)
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f57c354b --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+m=9*10^-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.624*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+n=5.86*10^28; //density(electrons/m^3)
+k=8.6*10^-5;
+
+//Calculations
+ef=(h^2/(8*m))*(3*n/%pi)^(2/3); //energy(J)
+ef=ef/e; //energy(eV)
+theta_f=ef/k; //maximum kinetic energy(K)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n maximum kinetic energy is %0.2f *10^4 K",theta_f/10^4)
diff --git a/3755/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3755/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ecab94ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(coulomb)
+m=9*10^-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.62*10^-34; //plank's constant(Js)
+rho=970; //density(kg/m^3)
+N0=6.02*10^26; //avagadro number
+A=23; //atomic weight
+
+//Calculations
+n=rho*N0/A; //concentration(electrons/m^3)
+ef=(h^2/(8*m))*(3*n/%pi)^(2/3); //fermi energy(J)
+ef=ef/e; //fermi energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n fermi energy is %0.3f eV",ef)
+printf("\n answer varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8668c2724 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.625*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=0.05; //mass(kg)
+v=20; //velocity(m/sec)
+mp=1.67*10^-27; //mass of proton(kg)
+vp=2200; //velocity of proton(m/sec)
+me=9.11*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+E=10*1.602*10^-19; //kinetic energy(J)
+
+//Calculations
+lamda_ball=h/(m*v); //de-broglie wavelength of ball(m)
+lamda_p=h*10^10/(mp*vp); //de-broglie wavelength of proton(angstrom)
+lamda_e=h/(2*me*E); //de-broglie wavelength of electron(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of ball is %e m",lamda_ball)
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of proton is %0.2f angstrom",lamda_p)
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of electron is %0.2f *10^14 m",lamda_e/10^14)
+printf("\n answer for de-broglie wavelength of electron in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f200b33df --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/sec)
+lamda=0.82*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculations
+E=h*c/lamda; //energy(J)
+lamda=h*10^10/sqrt(2*m*E); //wavelength of photo-electron(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength of photo-electron is %0.1f angstrom",lamda)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a964f060 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/sec)
+
+//Calculations
+lamda=h*10^10/(m*c); //wavelength of electron(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength of electron is %0.4f angstrom",lamda)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4a634702 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.625*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=1.675*10^-27; //mass of neutron(kg)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+E=10^14; //energy of neutron(eV)
+
+//Calculations
+v=sqrt(2*E*e/m); //velocity(m/sec)
+lamda=h/(m*v); //de-broglie wavelength of neutron(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of neutron is %0.2f *10^-18 m",lamda*10^18)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..820fd2d87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.625*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=1.675*10^-27; //mass of neutron(kg)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+E=12.8*10^6; //energy of neutron(eV)
+
+//Calculations
+v=sqrt(2*E*e/m); //velocity(m/sec)
+lamda=h/(m*v); //de-broglie wavelength of neutron(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of neutron is %0.3f *10^-15 m",lamda*10^15)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d04cf6ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+mp=1836*m; //mass of photon(kg)
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/sec)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+
+//Calculations
+E=m*c^2; //energy(J)
+v=sqrt(2*E/mp); //velocity(m/sec)
+lamda=h*10^10/(mp*v); //de-broglie wavelength of proton(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of proton is %0.4f angstrom",lamda)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f90bd9db1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.60*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=1.67*10^-27; //mass of neutron(kg)
+k=8.6*10^-5; //boltzmann constant(eV/deg)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculations
+lamda=h*10^10/sqrt(2*m*k*e*T); //wavelength of thermal neutron(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength of thermal neutron is %0.3f angstrom",lamda)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55f4e0fbb --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+mn=1.67*10^-27; //mass of neutron(kg)
+k=1.38*10^-23; //boltzmann constant(eV/deg)
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculations
+E=k*T; //energy(J)
+p=sqrt(2*mn*E); //momentum
+d=h*10^10/p; //interplanar spacing(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f angstrom",d)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81fd710a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9*10^-31; //mass of neutron(kg)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+V=344; //potential difference(V)
+theta=60*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+
+//Calculations
+d=h*10^10/(2*sin(theta)*sqrt(2*m*e*V)); //interplanar spacing(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f angstrom",d)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3be5cdcc --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+deltax=4*10^-10; //uncertainity in position of electron(m)
+
+//Calculations
+delta_px=h/deltax; //uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n uncertainity in momentum is %e kg m/sec",delta_px)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f07e62a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+v=600; //speed(m/sec)
+a=0.005/100; //accuracy(%)
+
+//Calculations
+deltav=v*a; //uncertainity in speed(kg m/sec)
+delta_px=m*deltav; //uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)
+deltax=h/delta_px; //uncertainity in position of electron(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n uncertainity in position of electron is %0.5f m",deltax)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21e7b7a1c --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=1.673*10^-27; //mass of proton(kg)
+v=10^4; //velocity of proton(m/sec)
+V1=100; //potential difference in 1st case(V)
+V2=10000; //potential difference in 2nd case(V)
+V3=6400; //potential difference in 3rd case(V)
+
+
+//Calculations
+lamda1=12.25/sqrt(V1) //de-broglie wavelength in 1st case(angstrom)
+lamda2=12.25/sqrt(V2) //de-broglie wavelength in 2nd case(angstrom)
+lamda3=12.25/sqrt(V3) //de-broglie wavelength in 3rd case(angstrom)
+lamda4=12.25/sqrt(V2) //de-broglie wavelength in 4th case(angstrom)
+lamda5=h/(m*v); //de-broglie wavelength of proton(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength in 1st case is %0.3f angstrom",lamda1)
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength in 2nd case is %0.3f angstrom",lamda2)
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength in 3rd case is %0.3f angstrom",lamda3)
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength in 4th case is %0.3f angstrom",lamda4)
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of proton is %0.4f angstrom",lamda5*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3fb667b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m0=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+deltax=0.1*10^-10; //uncertainity in position of electron(m)
+
+//Calculations
+delta_p=h/deltax; //uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)
+delta_v=delta_p/m0; //uncertainity in velocity(m/sec)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n uncertainity in momentum is %e kg m/sec",delta_p)
+printf("\n uncertainity in velocity is %0.3f *10^7 m/sec",delta_v/10^7)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9468ff161 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+me=9.10*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+mp=1.67*10^-27; //mass of electron(kg)
+
+//Calculations
+uv=mp/me; //uncertainity in velocity
+
+//Result
+printf("\n uncertainity in velocity is %0.3f ",uv)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83bba28f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m0=9*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+v=3*10^7; //velocity of electron(m/sec)
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/sec)
+
+//Calculations
+deltax_min=h*10^10*sqrt(1-(v^2/c^2))/(4*%pi*m0*v); //smallest possible uncertainity in position of electron(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n smallest possible uncertainity in position of electron is %0.0f angstrom",deltax_min)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a90cb14c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+deltax_max=10*10^-10; //length of box(m)
+
+//Calculations
+deltavx_min=h/(deltax_max*m); //minimum uncertainity in velocity of electron(m/s)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n minimum uncertainity in velocity of electron is %0.0f *10^5 m/s",deltavx_min/10^5)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6aa58d695 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+dlamda=10^-4*10^-10; //width(m)
+lamda=6000*10^-10; //wavelength(m)
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/sec)
+
+//Calculations
+delta_t=lamda^2/(2*%pi*c*dlamda); //time required(second)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n time required is %0.1f *10^-8 second",delta_t*10^8)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56ac48391 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+v=3.5*10^7; //speed(cm/sec)
+a=0.0098/100; //accuracy(%)
+
+//Calculations
+deltav=v*a; //uncertainity in speed(kg m/sec)
+delta_p=m*deltav; //uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)
+deltax=h/(4*%pi*delta_p); //uncertainity in position of electron(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n uncertainity in position of electron is %0.4f *10^-8 m",deltax*10^8)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22fc2e915 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=10^-6; //mass of electron(kg)
+deltav=5.5*10^-20; //speed(m/sec)
+
+//Calculations
+delta_p=m*deltav; //uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)
+deltax=h/(4*%pi*delta_p); //uncertainity in position of dust particle(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n uncertainity in position of dust particle is %0.2f *10^-10 m",deltax*10^10)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd8fefb48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+delta_t=10^-12; //life time(s)
+hby2pi=1.054*10^-34;
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+
+//Calculations
+deltaE=hby2pi/(2*e*delta_t); //uncertainity in energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n uncertainity in energy is %0.1f *10^-4 eV",deltaE*10^4)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19c4ef13e --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+delta_t=10^-8; //life time(s)
+
+//Calculations
+deltav=1/(4*%pi*delta_t); //minimum uncertainity in frequency(s-1)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n minimum uncertainity in frequency is %0.0f *10^6 s-1",deltav/10^6)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e09f9c4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=1.67*10^-27; //mass of proton(kg)
+vc=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/sec)
+
+//Calculations
+v=vc/20; //velocity of proton(m/sec)
+lamda=h/(m*v); //de-broglie wavelength of proton(m)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n de-broglie wavelength of proton is %0.2f *10^-14 m",lamda*10^14)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b43771fd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+delta_t=2.5*10^-14*10^-6; //life time(s)
+
+//Calculations
+deltaE=h*10^-3/(4*%pi*delta_t*e); //minimum energy(keV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n minimum energy is %0.5f keV",deltaE)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.31/Ex6_31.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.31/Ex6_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1712c8f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.31/Ex6_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+e=1.602*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+L=10^-10; //width(m)
+m=9.11*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+
+
+//Calculations
+E1=h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //least energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n least energy is %0.3f eV",E1)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.32/Ex6_32.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.32/Ex6_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a3bb0833 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.32/Ex6_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+L=2.5*10^-10; //width(m)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+n1=1;
+n2=2;
+n3=3;
+
+//Calculations
+E=h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //energy(eV)
+E1=n1^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //1st least energy(eV)
+E2=n2^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //2nd least energy(eV)
+E3=n3^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //3rd least energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n 1st least energy is %0.0f eV",E1)
+printf("\n 2nd least energy is %0.0f eV",E2)
+printf("\n 3rd least energy is %0.0f eV",E3)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.33/Ex6_33.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.33/Ex6_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..264059112 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.33/Ex6_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+L=10^-9; //width(m)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+n1=1;
+n2=2;
+n3=3;
+
+//Calculations
+lamda1=2*L*10^10/n1; //wavelength in 1st energy state(angstrom)
+lamda2=2*L*10^10/n2; //wavelength in 2nd energy state(angstrom)
+lamda3=2*L*10^10/n3; //wavelength in 3rd energy state(angstrom)
+E=h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //energy(eV)
+E1=n1^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //1st least energy(eV)
+E2=n2^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //2nd least energy(eV)
+E3=n3^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //3rd least energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength in 1st energy state is %0.0f angstrom",lamda1)
+printf("\n wavelength in 2nd energy state is %0.0f angstrom",lamda2)
+printf("\n wavelength in 3rd energy state is %0.2f angstrom",lamda3)
+printf("\n 1st least energy is %0.2f eV",E1)
+printf("\n 2nd least energy is %0.4f eV",E2)
+printf("\n 3rd least energy is %0.3f eV",E3)
+printf("\n answers for 2nd and 3rd least energies varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.34/Ex6_34.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.34/Ex6_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a92b65fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.34/Ex6_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.626*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+e=1.60*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+L=10^-10; //width(m)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+n1=1;
+n2=2;
+
+//Calculations
+E=h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //energy(eV)
+E1=n1^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //1st least energy(eV)
+E2=n2^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //2nd least energy(eV)
+Ed=E2-E1
+//Result
+printf("\n 1st least energy is %0.2f eV",E1)
+printf("\n 2nd least energy is %0.0f eV",E2)
+printf("\n energy difference between ground state and 1st excited state is %0.2f eV",Ed)
+printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.35/Ex6_35.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.35/Ex6_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..212463811 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.35/Ex6_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+L=10^-1; //width(m)
+m=10^-2; //mass of electron(kg)
+n1=1;
+n2=2;
+n3=3;
+
+//Calculations
+E=h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //energy(eV)
+E1=n1^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //1st least energy(eV)
+E2=n2^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //2nd least energy(eV)
+E3=n3^2*h^2/(8*m*e*L^2); //3rd least energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n 1st least energy is %0.1f *10^-45 eV",E1*10^45)
+printf("\n 2nd least energy is %0.1f *10^-45 eV",E2*10^45)
+printf("\n 3rd least energy is %0.1f *10^-45 eV",E3*10^45)
+printf("\n energy levels are so close to each other that the energy states cannot be observed")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.36/Ex6_36.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.36/Ex6_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a2bc2d4f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.36/Ex6_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+e=1.602*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+L=0.2*10^-9; //width(m)
+n5=5;
+En=10^3; //energy(eV)
+E5=230; //energy of particle(eV)
+
+//Calculations2
+E5=230*e; //energy(J)
+E1=E5/n5^2; //energy in 1st state(J)
+m=h^2/(8*E1*L^2); //mass of particle(kg)
+n=sqrt(En*e/E1); //quantum state
+
+//Result
+printf("\n mass of particle is %0.1f *10^-31 kg",m*10^31)
+printf("\n quantum state is %0.1f ",n)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.37/Ex6_37.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.37/Ex6_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9c43b70f --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.37/Ex6_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+L=25*10^-10; //width(m)
+deltax=5*10^-10; //interval(m)
+
+//Calculations2
+P=2*deltax/L; //probability of finding the particle
+
+//Result
+printf("\n probability of finding the particle is %0.3f ",P)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f272ba9a --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.60*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=1.674*10^-27; //mass of proton(kg)
+lamda=10^-10; //de-broglie wavelength(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+
+//Calculations
+E=h^2/(2*m*lamda^2); //energy of neutron(J)
+E=E/e; //energy of neutron(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n energy of neutron is %0.2f *10^-2 eV",E*10^2)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7059e99c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+lamda=3*10^-12; //de-broglie wavelength(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+
+//Calculations
+E=h^2/(2*m*lamda^2); //energy of electron(J)
+E=E/e; //energy of electron(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n energy of electron is %0.1f eV",E)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a4a13b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+lamda=5896*10^-10; //de-broglie wavelength(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+
+//Calculations
+K=h^2/(2*m*lamda^2); //energy of electron(J)
+K=K/e; //kinetic energy of electron(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n kinetic energy of electron is %0.2f *10^-6 eV",K*10^6)
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1521b6626 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+lamda=0.4*10^-10; //de-broglie wavelength(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+
+//Calculations
+V=h^2/(2*m*e*lamda^2); //voltage(V)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n voltage is %0.1f V",V)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3024a4d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=1.67*10^-27; //mass of neutron(kg)
+lamda=10^-10; //de-broglie wavelength(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+
+//Calculations
+v=h/(m*lamda); //velocity of neutron(m/sec)
+E=m*v^2/(2*e); //kinetic energy of neutron(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n velocity of neutron is %0.2f *10^3 m/sec",v/10^3)
+printf("\n kinetic energy of neutron is %0.5f eV",E)
+printf("\n answer for kinetic energy in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3755/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6abbfb7fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.6*10^-34; //planck's constant(J-sec)
+m=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+c=3*10^8; //velocity of light(m/sec)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron(c)
+E=1000; //energy of electron(eV)
+
+//Calculations
+lamda_p=h*c*10^10/(E*e); //wavelength of photon(angstrom)
+lamda_e=h*10^10/sqrt(2*m*E*e); //wavelength of electron(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n wavelength of photon is %0.1f angstrom",lamda_p)
+printf("\n wavelength of electron is %0.2f angstrom",lamda_e)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40c773e17 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+ni=2.5*10^19; //concentration(per m^3)
+d=4.4*10^28; //density(per m^3)
+n=4*10^8; //number of Ge atoms
+
+//Calculation
+Na=d/n; //density of acceptor atoms
+np=ni^2/Na;
+npbyni=np/ni; //ratio of density of electrons
+
+//Result
+printf("\n ratio of density of electrons is %0.3f ",npbyni)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..324a72a12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=9*10^-3; //resistivity(ohm m)
+RH=3.6*10^-4; //hall coefficient(m^3/C)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron
+
+//Calculation
+sigma=1/rho;
+rho=1/RH;
+n=rho/e; //density of charge carrier(per m^3)
+mew=sigma*RH; //mobility(m^2/Vs)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n density of charge carrier is %0.5f *10^22 per m^3",n/10^22)
+printf("\n mobility is %0.3f m^2/Vs",mew)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd0051368 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron
+z=0.3*10^-3; //thickness(m)
+VH=1*10^-3; //hall voltage(V)
+Ix=10*10^-3; //current(A)
+Bz=0.3; //magnetic field(T)
+
+//Calculation
+n=Ix*Bz/(VH*z*e); //charge carrier concentration(m^-3)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n charge carrier concentration is %e m^-3",n)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..046ebb3ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=0.00912; //resistivity(ohm m)
+RH=3.55*10^-4; //hall coefficient(m^3/C)
+B=0.48; //flux density(Wb/m^2)
+
+//Calculation
+sigma=1/rho;
+theta_H=atan(sigma*B*RH); //hall angle(radian)
+theta_H=theta_H*180/%pi ; //hall angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n hall angle is %0.4f degrees",theta_H)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..453da9785 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+me=9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron(kg)
+kb=1.38*10^-23; //boltzmann constant
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant
+Eg=0.7; //band gap(eV)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge(c)
+
+//Calculation
+x=2*%pi*me*kb*T/(h^2);
+n=2*(x^(3/2))*exp(-Eg*e/(2*kb*T)); //density of holes and electrons(per m^3)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n density of holes and electrons is %0.3f *10^19 per m^3",n/10^19)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71caa7329 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+kb=1.38*10^-23; //boltzmann constant
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+m=6;
+Eg=0.7; //band gap(eV)
+
+//Calculation
+x=3*kb*T*log(m)/4;
+EF=(Eg/2)+x; //position of Fermi level(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n position of Fermi level is %0.3f eV",EF)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ab90a493 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T1=300; //temperature(K)
+T2=330; //temperature(K)
+E=0.3; //band gap(eV)
+
+//Calculation
+Ec_Ef=T2*E/T1; //position of Fermi level(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n position of Fermi level is %0.3f eV",Ec_Ef)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba5b1a176 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+n=2.05*10^22; //charge carrier density
+e=1.602*10^-19; //charge of electron
+
+//Calculation
+RH=1/(n*e); //hall coefficient(m^3/C)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n hall coefficient is %0.3f *10^-4 m^3/C",RH*10^4)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a53aa160 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+n=5*10^28; //charge carrier density
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron
+
+//Calculation
+RH=-1/(n*e); //hall coefficient(m^3/C)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n hall coefficient is %0.3f *10^-9 m^3/C",RH*10^9)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..926bc10a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=4.28*10^-10; //side(m)
+e=1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron
+
+//Calculation
+n=2/(a^3);
+RH=-1/(n*e); //hall coefficient(m^3/C)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n hall coefficient is %0.3f *10^-9 m^3/C",RH*10^9)
diff --git a/3755/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3755/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d159cf18b --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+rho=9*10^-3; //resistivity(ohm m)
+mew=0.03; //mobility(m^2/Vs)
+
+//Calculation
+sigma=1/rho;
+RH=mew/sigma; //hall coefficient(m^3/C)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n hall coefficient is %0.3f *10^-4 m^3/C",RH*10^4)
diff --git a/3755/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3755/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7190219d --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+I0=0.3; //current(micro A)
+V=0.15; //voltage(V)
+
+//Calculations
+I=I0*(exp(40*V)-1); //value of current(micro A)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n value of current is %0.2f micro A",I)
diff --git a/3755/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3755/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14715a062 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+I=10*10^-3; //current(A)
+V=0.75; //voltage(V)
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+eta=2;
+
+//Calculations
+VT=T/11600;
+I0=I*10^9/(exp(V/(eta*VT))-1); //reverse saturation current(nA)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n reverse saturation current is %0.3f nA",I0)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3755/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa8087ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+J=10^5; //current density(amp/m^2)
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+eta=1;
+J0=250*10^-3; //saturation current density(A/m^2)
+
+//Calculations
+VT=T/11600;
+x=(J/J0)+1;
+V=log(x)*VT; //voltage applied(V)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n voltage applied is %0.4f V",V)
diff --git a/3755/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3755/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..493b866d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+I0=4*10^-6; //current(A)
+T=273+25; //temperature(K)
+V=0.15; //voltage(V)
+eta=1;
+
+//Calculations
+VT=T/11600;
+IF=I0*(exp(V/VT)-1); //forward current(A)
+IR=I0*(exp(-V/VT)-1); //reverse current(A)
+r=-IF/IR; //rectification ratio
+
+//Result
+printf("\n rectification ratio is %0.3f ",r)
+printf("\n answer in the book is wrong")
diff --git a/3755/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3755/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f22442c59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3755/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Variable declaration
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+eta=1;
+I0=1;
+I=-0.9*I0; //saturation current density(A/m^2)
+
+//Calculations
+VT=T/11600;
+x=(I/I0)+1;
+V=log(x)*VT; //voltage applied(V)
+
+//Result
+printf("\n voltage applied is %0.2f Volt",V)
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