diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3689')
112 files changed, 2023 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3689/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce b/3689/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f334934a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+Pi = 3.21e5 //Recommended tyre pressure, Pa
+Ti = -5.00 //Initial Tyre temperature, °C
+Tf = 28.00 //Final Tyre temperature, °C
+
+//Calculations
+Ti = 273.16 + Ti
+Tf = 273.16 + Tf
+pf = Pi*Tf/Ti //Final tyre pressure, Pa
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Final Tyre pressure is %6.2e Pa",pf)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce b/3689/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86f952a9a --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+phe = 1.5 //Pressure in Helium chamber, bar
+vhe = 2.0 //Volume of Helium chamber, L
+pne = 2.5 //Pressure in Neon chamber, bar
+vne = 3.0 //Volume of Neon chamber, L
+pxe = 1.0 //Pressure in Xenon chamber, bar
+vxe = 1.0 //Volume of Xenon chamber, L
+R = 8.314e-2 //Ideal Gas Constant, L.bar/(mol.K)
+T = 298 //Temperature of Gas, K
+//Calculations
+
+nhe = phe*vhe/(R*T) //Number of moles of Helium, mol
+nne = pne*vne/(R*T) //Number of moles of Neon, mol
+nxe = pxe*vxe/(R*T) //Number of moles of Xenon, mol
+n = nhe + nne + nxe //Total number of moles, mol
+V = vhe + vne + vxe //Total volume of system, L
+xhe = nhe/n
+xne = nne/n
+xxe = nxe/n
+P = n*R*T/(V)
+phe = P*xhe //Partial pressure of Helium, bar
+pne = P*xne //Partial pressure of Neon, bar
+pxe = P*xxe //Partial pressure of Xenon, bar
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Moles of He=%4.3f, Ne=%4.3f and, Xe=%4.3f in mol",nhe,nne,nxe )
+
+printf("\n Mole fraction of xHe=%4.3f, xNe=%4.3f and, xXe=%4.3f",xhe,xne,xxe)
+
+printf("\n Final pressure is %4.3f bar",P)
+
+printf("\n Partial pressure of pHe=%4.3f, pNe=%4.3f and, pXe=%4.3f in bar",phe,pne,pxe)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce b/3689/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef0d283ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+T = 300.0 //Nitrogen temperature, K
+v1 = 250.00 //Molar volume, L
+v2 = 0.1 //Molar volume, L
+a = 1.37 //Van der Waals parameter a, bar.dm6/mol2
+b = 0.0387 //Van der Waals parameter b, dm3/mol
+R = 8.314e-2 //Ideal Gas Constant, L.bar/(mol.K)
+n = 1.
+//Calculations
+
+p1 = n*R*T/v1
+p2 = n*R*T/v2
+pv1 = n*R*T/(v1-n*b)- n**2*a/v1**2
+pv2 = n*R*T/(v2-n*b)- n**2*a/v2**2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Pressure from ideal gas law = %4.2e bar nad from Van der Waals equation = %4.2e bar ",p1, pv1)
+
+printf("\n Pressure from ideal gas law = %4.1f bar nad from Van der Waals equation = %4.1f bar ",p2, pv2)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce b/3689/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5f6c89fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+M = 0.050 //Molarity for NaCl and Na2SO4 solution, mol/kg
+[npa,zpa] = (1,1)
+[nma,zma] = (1,1)
+[npb,zpb] = (2,1)
+[nmb,zmb] = (1,2)
+
+//Calculations
+Ia = M*(npa*zpa**2 + nma*zma**2)/2
+Ib = M*(npb*zpb**2 + nmb*zmb**2)/2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Ionic streangth for NaCl solution is %4.3f and for Na2SO4 solution is %4.3f, mol/kg",Ia,Ib)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.sce b/3689/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f8977734 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+aH = 0.770 //Activity of
+fH2 = 1.13 //Fugacity of Hydrogen gas
+E0 = 0.0 //Std. electrode potential, V
+n = 1.0 //Number of electrons transfered
+
+//Calculations
+E = E0 - (0.05916/n)*log(aH/sqrt(fH2))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n The potential of H+/H2 half cell %5.4f V",E)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.sce b/3689/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be421cdc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+E0r1 = -0.877 //Std Electrod potential for Rx2 : Al3+ + 3e- ------> Al (s)
+E0r2 = -1.660 //Std Electrod potential for Rx2 : Al3+ + 3e- ------> Al (s)
+E0r3 = +0.071 //Std Electrod potential for Rx3 : AgBr (s) + e- ------> Ag(s) +Br- (aq.)
+
+//Calculations
+//3Fe(OH)2 (s)+ 2Al (s) <---------> 3Fe (s) + 6(OH-) + 2Al3+
+E0a = 3*E0r1 + (-2)*E0r2
+//Fe (s) + 2OH- + 2AgBr (s) -------> Fe(OH)2 (s) + 2Ag(s) + 2Br- (aq.)
+E0b = -E0r1 + (2)*E0r3
+
+//Results
+printf("\n %5.3f %5.3f",E0a,E0b)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.sce b/3689/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7894193c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+E01 = 0.771 //Rx1 : Fe3+ + e- -----> Fe2+
+E02 = -0.447 //Rx2 : Fe2+ + 2e- -----> Fe
+F = 96485 //Faraday constant, C/mol
+[n1,n2,n3] = (1.,2.,3.)
+
+//Calculations
+dG01 = -n1*F*E01
+dG02 = -n2*F*E02
+ //For overall reaction
+dG0 = dG01 + dG02
+E0Fe3byFe = -dG0/(n3*F)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n E0 for overall reaction is %5.3f V",E0Fe3byFe)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.sce b/3689/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae75232e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+E01 = +1.36 //Std. electrode potential for Cl2/Cl
+dE0bydT = -1.20e-3 //V/K
+F = 96485 //Faraday constant, C/mol
+n = 2.
+S0H = 0.0 //Std. entropy J/(K.mol) for H+ ,Cl-,H2, Cl2
+S0Cl = 56.5
+S0H2 = 130.7
+S0Cl2 = 223.1
+[nH,nCl,nH2,nCl2] = (2,2,-1,-1)
+//Calculations
+dS01 = n*F*dE0bydT
+dS02 =nH*S0H + nCl*S0Cl + nH2*S0H2 + nCl2*S0Cl2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. entropy change of reaction from dE0bydT is %4.2e and\nStd entropy values is %4.2e V",dS01,dS02)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.sce b/3689/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae2ddf1c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+E0 = +1.10 //Std. electrode potential for Danniel cell, V
+ //Zn(s) + Cu++ -----> Zn2+ + Cu
+T = 298.15 //V/K
+F = 96485 //Faraday constant, C/mol
+n = 2.
+R = 8.314 //Gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+
+//Calculations
+K = exp(n*F*E0/(R*T))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Equilibrium constant for reaction is %4.2e",K)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH11/EX11.6/11_6.sce b/3689/CH11/EX11.6/11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29771979c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH11/EX11.6/11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+E = +0.29 //Cell emf, V
+n = 2.
+
+//Calculations
+Ksp = 10**(-n*E/0.05916)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Equilibrium constant for reaction is %4.2e",Ksp)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH11/EX11.8/11_8.sce b/3689/CH11/EX11.8/11_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b92e1672 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH11/EX11.8/11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+E = +1.51 //EMF for reduction of permangnet, V
+E01 = -0.7618 //Zn2+ + 2e- --------> Zn (s)
+E02 = +0.7996 //Ag+ + e- --------> Ag (s)
+E03 = +1.6920 //Au+ + e- --------> Au (s)
+
+//Calculations
+EZn = E - E01
+EAg = E - E02
+EAu = E - E03
+
+[Er] = ({EZn,EAg,EAu})
+//Results
+printf("\n Cell potentials for Zn, Ag, Au are %4.2f V, %4.2f V, and %4.2f V",EZn, EAg,EAu)
+printf("\n Zn has positive cell potential of %4.3f V and Can be oxidized bypermangnate ion",EZn)
+printf("\n Ag has positive cell potential of %4.3f V and Can be oxidized bypermangnate ion",EAg)
+printf("\n Au has positive cell potential of %4.3f V and Can be oxidized bypermangnate ion",EAu)
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc5efee83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +////Varible declaration
+
+Prob = 0
+for x = 1:51
+ Prob = 1/(x) + Prob
+end
+Prob1=1.0
+//Results
+printf("\n Probability of picking up any one ball is %3.1f",Prob1)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35e196d72 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+fi = 1 //Probability of receiving any card
+n = 52 //Number od Cards
+
+//Calculations
+sum = 0
+for i = 1:52
+ sum = sum + fi
+end
+Pxi = (fi/sum)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Probability of receiving any card is %f', Pxi)
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85cade508 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+//r = Symbol('r') //Radius of inner circle
+C = list(5,2,0)
+//Calculations
+A1 = %pi
+A2 = %pi*(2)**2 - A1
+A3 = %pi*(3)**2 - (A1 + A2)
+At = A1 + A2 + A3
+f1 = A1/At
+f2 = A2/At
+f3 = A3/At
+sf = f1 + f2 + f3
+
+ns = (f1*C(1)+f2*C(2)+f3*C(3))/sf
+
+//Results
+printf("\n A1, A2, A3:%f*r**2 %f*r**2 %f*r**2 ', A1, A2, A3)
+printf("\n f1, f2, f3: %f %f %f', f1,f2,f3)
+printf("\n Average payout $ %f ',((ns)))
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6ba80b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 52 //Total cards
+nheart = 13 //Number of cards with hearts
+
+//Calculations
+Pe = (nheart/n)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Probability of one (heart)card picked from a std. stack of %d cards is %f",n,Pe)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31943959e --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+n = 52 //Total cards
+
+//Calculations
+TotalM = n*(n-1)*(n-2)*(n-3)*(n-4)
+//Results
+printf("\n Total number of Five card arrangment from a deck of 52 cards is %d",TotalM)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3503441f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+n1 = 2 //Two spin states for 1st electron in orbit 1
+n2 = 2 //Two spin states for 2nd electron in orbit 2
+
+//Calculation
+M = n1*n1
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Possible spin states for excited state are %2d",M)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3522f34ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 12 //Total Number of players
+j = 5 //Number player those can play match
+
+//Calculation
+P = factorial(n)/factorial(n-j)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Maximum Possible permutations for 5 player to play are %8d",P)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..249c99e64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 52 //Number of cards in std . pack
+j = 5 //Number of cards in subset
+
+//Calculation
+C = factorial(n)/(factorial(j)*factorial(n-j))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Maximum Possible 5-card combinations are %8d",C)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..891732901 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+x = 6 //Number of electrons
+n = 2 //Number of states
+
+//Calculation
+P = factorial(x)/(factorial(n)*factorial(x-n))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Total number of quantum states are %3d",P)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.8/12_8.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.8/12_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..845b46c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.8/12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 50 //Number of separate experiments
+j1 = 25 //Number of sucessful expt with heads up
+j2 = 10 //Number of sucessful expt with heads up
+
+//Calculation
+C25 = factorial(n)/(factorial(j1)*factorial(n-j1))
+PE25 = (1/2)**j1
+PEC25 = (1-(1/2))**(n-j1)
+P25 = C25*PE25*PEC25
+
+C10 = factorial(n)/(factorial(j2)*factorial(n-j2))
+PE10 = (1/2)**j2
+PEC10 = (1-(1/2))**(n-j2)
+P10 = C10*PE10*PEC10
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Probability of getting 25 head out of 50 tossing is %4.3f",P25)
+
+printf("\n Probability of getting 10 head out of 50 tossing is %4.3e",P10)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.sce b/3689/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4678e367c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//////Variable Declaration
+N = [10,50,100] //Valures for N
+
+//Calculations
+printf("\n N ln(N!) ln(N!)sterling Error')
+for i =10
+
+ lnN = log(factorial(i))
+ lnNs = i*log(i)-i
+ err = abs(lnN-lnNs)
+ printf('\n%3d %5.2f %5.2f %4.2f',i,lnN,lnNs, err)
+end
+for i =50
+
+ lnN = log(factorial(i))
+ lnNs = i*log(i)-i
+ err = abs(lnN-lnNs)
+ printf('\n%3d %5.2f %5.2f %4.2f',i,lnN,lnNs, err)
+end
+for i =100
+
+ lnN = log(factorial(i))
+ lnNs = i*log(i)-i
+ err = abs(lnN-lnNs)
+ printf('\n%3d %5.2f %5.2f %4.2f',i,lnN,lnNs, err)
+end
diff --git a/3689/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.sce b/3689/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae83be9c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+
+aH = 40 //Number of heads
+N = 100 //Total events
+
+//Calculations
+aT = 100 - aH
+We = factorial(N)/(factorial(aT)*factorial(aH))
+Wexpected = factorial(N)/(factorial(N/2)*factorial(N/2))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n The observed weight %5.2e compared to %5.2e",We,Wexpected)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.sce b/3689/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3e99328f --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+p0 = 0.633 //Probabilities of Energy level 1,2,3
+p1 = 0.233
+p2 = 0.086
+
+//Calculation
+p4 = 1. -(p0+p1+p2)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Probability of finding an oscillator at energy level of n>3 is %4.3f i.e.%4.1f percent",p4,p4*100)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.sce b/3689/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a83b21005 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+p0 = 0.394 //Probabilities of Energy level 1,2,3
+p1by2 = 0.239
+p2 = 0.145
+
+//Calculation
+p4 = 1. -(p0+p1by2+p2)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Probability of finding an oscillator at energy level of n>3 is %4.3f",p4)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.sce b/3689/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f29137a9b --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+I2 = 208 //Vibrational frequency, cm-1
+T = 298 //Molecular Temperature, K
+c = 3.00e10 //speed of light, cm/s
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J/K
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+//Calculation
+q = 1./(1.-exp(-h*c*I2/(k*T)))
+p2 = exp(-2*h*c*I2/(k*T))/q
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Partition function is %4.3f",q)
+
+printf("\n Probability of occupying the second vibrational state n=2 is %4.3f",p2)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.sce b/3689/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce6525e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+B = 1.45 //Magnetic field streangth, Teslas
+T = 298 //Molecular Temperature, K
+c = 3.00e10 //speed of light, cm/s
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J/K
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+gnbn = 2.82e-26 //J/T
+//Calculation
+ahpbyahm = exp(-gnbn*B/(k*T))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Occupation Number is %7.6f",ahpbyahm)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d3f6774a --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +////Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+l = 0.01 //Box length, m
+n2 =1
+n1 = 2 //Energy levels states
+m = 5.31e-26 //mass of oxygen molecule, kg
+
+//Calculations
+dE = (n1+n2)*h**2/(8*m*l**2)
+dEcm = dE/(h*c*1e2)
+//Results
+printf("\n Difference in energy levels is %3.2e J or %3.2e 1/cm",dE,dEcm)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2671d3ed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+T = 298 //Temeprature, K
+nubar = 917 //Vibrational mode frequencies for F2, 1/cm
+
+//Calculations
+ThetaV = h*c*100*nubar/k
+Th = 10*ThetaV
+qv = 1/(1.-exp(-ThetaV/Th))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Vibrational partition function for F2 at %4.1f K is %4.3f",T, qv)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00f2b72b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+T = 1000 //Temeprature, K
+nubar = [1388, 667.4,667.4,2349] //Vibrational mode frequencies for CO2, 1/cm
+
+//Calculations
+Qv = 1
+for i = [1388, 667.4,667.4,2349]
+ qv = 1/(1.-exp(-h*c*100*i/(k*T)))
+ printf("\nAt %4.0f 1/cm the q = %4.3f",i,qv)
+ Qv = Qv*qv
+//Results
+end
+printf("\n Total Vibrational partition function for OClO at %4.1f K is %4.3f",T, Qv)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.12/14_12.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.12/14_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..daff9c424 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.12/14_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+T = 298. //Temeprature, K
+n = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] //Energy levels
+E0 = list(0,137.38,323.46,552.96,2112.28,2153.21,2220.11,2311.36,2424.78) //Energies, 1/cm
+g0 = list(4,6,8,10,2,4,6,8,10)
+
+//Calculations
+qE = 0.0
+for i = 1:9
+ a =g0(i)*exp(-h*c*100*E0(i)/(k*T))
+ qE = qE + a
+end
+//Results
+printf("\n Electronic partition function for F2 at %4.1f K is %4.2f",T, qE)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffbe9fd54 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+v = 1.0 //Volume, L
+T = 298.0 //Temeprature of Ar, K
+m = 6.63e-26 //Mass of Argon molecule, kg
+
+//Calculations
+GAMA = h/sqrt(2*%pi*m*k*T)
+v = v*1e-3
+qT3D = v/GAMA**3
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Thermal wave length is %3.2e m and\nTranslational partition function is %3.2e",GAMA,qT3D)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91384a958 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +////Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+
+J = 4 //Rotational energy level
+B = 8.46 //Spectrum, 1/cm
+
+//Calculations
+T = (2*J+1)**2*h*c*100*B/(2*k)
+//Results
+printf("\n Spectrum will be observed at %4.0f K",T)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1690ccd97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+
+B = 60.589 //Spectrum for H2, 1/cm
+T = 1000 //Temperture of Hydrogen, K
+//Calculations
+qR = k*T/(2*h*c*100*B)
+qRs = 0.0
+//for J in range(101):
+// print J
+// if (J%2 == 0):
+// qRs = qRs + (2*J+1)*exp(-h*c*100*B*J*(J+1)/(k*T)
+// else:
+// qRs = qRs + 3*(2*J+1)*exp(-h*c*100*B*J*(J+1)/(k*T))
+//print qRs/4
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Rotation partition function of H2 at %4.0f is %4.3f",T,qR)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2f1e07ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +////Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+B = 0.0374 //Spectrum for H2, 1/cm
+T = 100.0 //Temperture of Hydrogen, K
+sigma = 2.
+
+//Calculations
+ThetaR = h*c*100*B/k
+qR = T/(sigma*ThetaR)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Rotation partition function of H2 at %4.0f K is %4.3f",T,qR)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..173eb6e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+Ba = 1.48 //Spectrum for OCS, 1/cm
+Bb = list(2.84,0.191,0.179) //Spectrum for ONCI, 1/c
+Bc = list(9.40,1.29,1.13) //Spectrum for CH2O, 1/cm
+T = 298.0 //Temperture of Hydrogen, K
+sigmab = 1
+sigmac = 2
+
+//Calculations
+qRa = k*T/(h*c*100*Ba)
+qRb = (sqrt(%pi)/sigmab)*(k*T/(h*c*100))**(3./2)*sqrt(1/Bb(1))*sqrt(1/Bb(2))*sqrt(1/Bb(3))
+qRc = (sqrt(%pi)/sigmac)*(k*T/(h*c*100))**(3./2)*sqrt(1/Bc(1))*sqrt(1/Bc(2))*sqrt(1/Bc(3))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Rotation partition function for OCS, ONCI, CH2O at %4.0f K are %4.0f, %4.0f, and %4.0f respectively",T,qRa,qRb,qRc)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6aa544ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+
+Ba = 1.48 //Frequency for OCS, 1/cm
+Bb = [2.84,0.191,0.179] //Frequency for ONCI, 1/cm
+Bc = [9.40,1.29,1.13] //Frequency for CH2O, 1/cm
+T298 = 298.0 //Temperture of Hydrogen, K
+T1000 = 1000 //Temperture of Hydrogen, K
+nubar = 208
+
+//Calculations
+qv298 = 1./(1.-exp(-h*c*100*nubar/(k*T298)))
+qv1000 = 1./(1.-exp(-h*c*100*nubar/(k*T1000)))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Vibrational partition function for I2 at %4d and %4d are %4.2f K and %4.2f respectively",T298, T1000,qv298, qv1000)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.sce b/3689/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50c3ad1cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +////
+//Variable Declarations
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, J.s
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+c = 3.0e8 //speed of light, m/s
+
+T = 298 //Temeprature, K
+nubar = list(450, 945, 1100) //Vibrational mode frequencies for OClO, 1/cm
+
+//Calculations
+Qv = 1.
+for i = nubar
+ qv = 1/(1.-exp(-h*c*100*i/(k*T)))
+ printf("\nAt %4.0f 1/cm the q = %4.3f',i,qv)
+ Qv = Qv*qv
+ end
+//Results
+printf("\n Total Vibrational partition function for OClO at %4.1f K is %4.3f",T, Qv)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.sce b/3689/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d46c1df83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+U = 1.00e3 //Total internal energy, J
+hnu = 1.00e-20 //Energy level separation, J
+NA = 6.022e23 //Avagadro's Number, 1/mol
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzmann constant, J/K
+n = 1 //Number of moles, mol
+
+//Calcualtions
+T = hnu/(k*log(n*NA*hnu/U-1.))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n For Internal energy to be %4.1f J temperature will be %4.1f K",U,T)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.sce b/3689/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f68112e12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+g0 = 3.0
+labda = 1263e-9 //Wave length in nm
+T = 500. //Temperature, K
+c = 3.00e8 //Speed of light, m/s
+NA = 6.022e23 //Avagadro's Number, 1/mol
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzmann constant, J/K
+n = 1.0 //Number of moles, mol
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks's Constant, J.s
+
+//Calcualtions
+beta = 1/(k*T)
+eps = h*c/labda
+qE = g0 + exp(-beta*eps)
+UE = n*NA*eps*exp(-beta*eps)/qE
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Energy of excited state is %4.2e J",eps)
+
+printf("\n Electronic partition function qE is %4.3e",qE)
+
+printf("\n Electronic contribution to internal enrgy is %4.3e J",UE)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.sce b/3689/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5d59a5f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+Mne = 0.0201797 //Molecular wt of ne, kg/mol
+Mkr = 0.0837980 //Molecular wt of kr, kg/mol
+Vmne = 0.0224 //Std. state molar volume of ne, m3
+Vmkr = 0.0223 //Std. state molar volume of kr, m3
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks's Constant, J.s
+NA = 6.022e23 //Avagadro's Number, 1/mol
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzmann constant, J/K
+T = 298 //Std. state temeprature,K
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+n = 1.0 //Number of mole, mol
+
+//Calcualtions
+mne = Mne/NA
+mkr = Mkr/NA
+Labdane = sqrt(h**2/(2*%pi*mne*k*T))
+Labdakr = sqrt(h**2/(2*%pi*mkr*k*T))
+Sne = 5.*R/2 + R*log(Vmne/Labdane**3)-R*log(NA)
+Skr = 5.*R/2 + R*log(Vmkr/Labdakr**3)-R*log(NA)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Thermal wave lengths for Ne is %4.2e m3",Labdane)
+
+printf("\n Std. Molar entropy for Ne is %4.2f J/(mol.K)",Sne)
+
+printf("\n Thermal wave lengths for Kr is %4.2e m3",Labdakr)
+
+printf("\n Std. Molar entropy for Kr is %4.2f J/(mol.K)",Skr)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.sce b/3689/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b0a55eb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+M = 0.040 //Moleculat wt of Ar, kg/mol
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks's Constant, J.s
+NA = 6.022e23 //Avagadro's Number, 1/mol
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzmann constant, J/K
+T = 298.15 //Std. state temeprature,K
+P = 1e5 //Std. state pressure, Pa
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+n = 1.0 //Number of mole, mol
+
+//Calcualtions
+m = M/NA
+Labda3 = (h**2/(2*%pi*m*k*T))**(3./2)
+G0 = -n*R*T*log(k*T/(P*Labda3))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Thermal wave lengths for Ne is %4.2e m3",Labda3)
+
+printf("\n The Gibbs energy for 1 mol of Ar is %6.2f kJ",G0/1000)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce b/3689/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc07fb11c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+T = 298 //Temperatureof Gas, K
+M = 0.040 //Molecular wt of Ar, kg/mol
+
+
+//Calculations
+vmp = sqrt(2*R*T/M)
+vave = sqrt(8*R*T/(M*%pi))
+vrms = sqrt(3*R*T/M)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Maximum, average, root mean square speed of Ar\nat 298 K are %4.0f, %4.0f, %4.0f m/s",vmp,vave,vrms)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce b/3689/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4ad51f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+T = 298 //Temperature of Gas, K
+M = 0.040 //Molecular wt of Ar, kg/mol
+P = 101325 //Pressure, N/m2
+NA = 6.022e23 //Number of particles per mol
+V = 1.0 //Volume of Container, L
+
+//Calculations
+Zc = P*NA/sqrt(2*%pi*R*T*M)
+Nc = Zc
+//Results
+printf("\n Number of Collisions %4.2e per s",Nc)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce b/3689/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc703d58d --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+T = 298 //Temperature of Gas, K
+M = 0.040 //Molecular wt of Ar, kg/mol
+P0 = 1013.25 //Pressure, N/m2
+NA = 6.022e23 //Number of particles per mol
+V = 1.0 //Volume of Container, L
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzmann constant, J/K
+t = 3600 //time of effusion, s
+A = 0.01 //Area, um2
+
+//Calculations
+A = A*1e-12
+V = V*1e-3
+expo = (A*t/V)*(k*T/(2*%pi*M/NA))
+P = P0*exp(-expo)
+//Results
+printf("\n Pressure after 1 hr of effusion is %4.3e Pa",P/101325)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce b/3689/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28839b33d --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+T = 298 //Temperature of Gas, K
+M = 0.044 //Molecular wt of CO2, kg/mol
+P = 101325 //Pressure, N/m2
+NA = 6.022e23 //Number of particles per mol
+sigm = 5.2e-19 //m2
+
+//Calculations
+zCO2 = (P*NA/(R*T))*sigm*sqrt(2)*sqrt(8*R*T/(%pi*M))
+//Results
+printf("\n Single particle collisional frequency is %4.1e per s",zCO2)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce b/3689/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc85dd54f --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+T = 298 //Temperature of Gas, K
+MAr = 0.04 //Molecular wt of Ar, kg/mol
+MKr = 0.084 //Molecular wt of Kr, kg/mol
+pAr = 360 //Partial Pressure Ar, torr
+pKr = 400 //Partial Pressure Kr, torr
+rAr = 0.17e-9 //Hard sphere radius of Ar, m
+rKr = 0.20e-9 //Hard sphere radius of Kr, m
+NA = 6.022e23 //Number of particles per mol
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzmann constant, J/K
+
+//Calculations
+pAr = pAr*101325/760
+pKr = pKr*101325/760
+p1 = pAr*NA/(R*T)
+p2 = pKr*NA/(R*T)
+sigm = %pi*(rAr+rKr)**2
+mu = MAr*MKr/((MAr+MKr)*NA)
+p3 = sqrt(8*k*T/(%pi*mu))
+zArKr = p1*p2*sigm*p3
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Collisional frequency is %4.2e m-3s-1",zArKr)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ea5bc505 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//////
+//Variable Declaration
+M = 0.040 //Molecualar wt of Argon, kh/mol
+P = 101325.0 //Pressure and Temperature, Pa, K
+ T = 298.0
+sigm = 3.6e-19 //
+R = 8.314 //Molar Gas constant, mol^-1 K^-1
+N_A = 6.02214129e+23 //mol^-1
+//Calculations
+DAr = (1./3)*sqrt(8*R*T/(%pi*M))*(R*T/(P*N_A*sqrt(2)*sigm))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Diffusion coefficient of Argon %3.1e m2/s",DAr)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5c728aac --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+LMg = 0.0106 //Ionic conductance for Mg, S.m2/mol
+LCl = 0.0076 //Ionic conductance for Cl, S.m2/mol
+[nMg,nCl] = (1,2)
+
+//Calculations
+LMgCl2 = nMg*LMg + nCl*LCl
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Molar conductivity of MgCl2 on infinite dilution is %5.4f S.m2/mol",LMgCl2)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..444b12796 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+DHebyAr = 4.0
+MAr = 39.9 //Molecualar wt of Argon and Neon, kg/mol
+MHe = 4.0
+P = 101325.0 //Pressure and Temperature, Pa, K
+T = 298.0
+sigm = 3.6e-19 //
+R = 8.314 //Molar Gas constant, mol^-1 K^-1
+N_A = 6.02214129e+23 //mol^-1
+//Calculations
+sigHebyAr = (1./DHebyAr)*sqrt(MAr/MHe)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Ratio of collision cross sections of Helium to Argon %4.3f",sigHebyAr)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8e9ca0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+D = 1.0e-5 //Diffusion coefficient, m2/s
+t1 = 1000 //Time, s
+t10 = 10000 //Time, s
+
+//Calculations
+xrms1 = sqrt(2*D*t1)
+xrms10 = sqrt(2*D*t10)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n rms displacement at %4d and %4d is %4.3f and %4.3f m respectively",t1,t10,xrms1,xrms10)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..876610348 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+D = 2.2e-5 //Diffusion coefficient of benzene, cm2/s
+x0 = 0.3 //molecular diameter of benzene, nm
+
+//Calculations
+t = (x0*1e-9)**2/(2*D*1e-4)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Time per random walk is %4.3e s or %4.2f ps",t,t/1e-12)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d0fe9e14 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+P = 101325 //Pressure, Pa
+kt = 0.0177 //Thermal conductivity, J/(K.m.s)
+T = 300.0 //Temperature, K
+k = 1.3806488e-23 //Boltzmanconstant,J K^-1
+sigm = 3.6e-19 //
+R = 8.314 //Molar Gas constant, mol^-1 K^-1
+NA = 6.02214129e+23 //mol^-1
+M = 39.9 //Molecualar wt of Argon and Neon, kg/mol
+
+//Calculations
+CvmbyNA = 3.*k/2
+nuavg = sqrt(8*R*T/(%pi*M*1e-3))
+N = NA*P/(R*T)
+labda = 3*kt/(CvmbyNA*nuavg*N)
+sigm = 1/(sqrt(2)*N*labda)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Mean free path %4.3e m and collisional cross section %4.2e m2",labda, sigm)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ecd183c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+eta = 227. //Viscosity of Ar, muP
+P = 101325 //Pressure, Pa
+kt = 0.0177 //Thermal conductivity, J/(K.m.s)
+T = 300.0 //Temperature, K
+k = 1.3806488e-23 //Boltzmanconstant,J K^-1
+R = 8.314 //Molar Gas constant, mol^-1 K^-1
+NA = 6.02214129e+23 //mol^-1
+M = 39.9 //Molecualar wt of Argon and Neon, kg/mol
+
+//Calculations
+nuavg = sqrt(8*R*T/(%pi*M*1e-3))
+N = NA*P/(R*T)
+m = M*1e-3/NA
+labda = 3.*eta*1e-7/(nuavg*N*m) //viscosity in kg m s units
+sigm = 1./(sqrt(2)*N*labda)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Collisional cross section %4.2e m2",sigm)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a37183c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+m = 22.7 //Mass of CO2, kg
+T = 293.0 //Temperature, K
+L = 1.0 //length of the tube, m
+d = 0.75 //Diameter of the tube, mm
+eta = 146 //Viscosity of CO2, muP
+p1 = 1.05 //Inlet pressure, atm
+p2 = 1.00 //Outlet pressure, atm
+atm2pa = 101325 //Conversion for pressure from atm to Pa
+M = 0.044 //Molecular wt of CO2, kg/mol
+R = 8.314 //Molar Gas constant, J mol^-1 K^-1
+
+//Calculations
+p1 = p1*atm2pa
+p2 = p2*atm2pa
+F = %pi*(d*1e-3/2)**4*(p1**2-p2**2)/(16.*eta/1.e7*L*p2)
+nCO2 = m/M
+v = nCO2*R*T/((p1+p2)/2)
+t = v/F
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Flow rate is %4.3e m3/s",F)
+
+printf("\n Cylinder can be used for %4.3e s nearly %3.1f days",t, t/(24*3600))
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b568100a --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+eta = 0.891 //Viscosity of hemoglobin in water, cP
+T = 298.0 //Temperature, K
+k = 1.3806488e-23 //Boltzmanconstant,J K^-1
+R = 8.314 //Molar Gas constant, mol^-1 K^-1
+D = 6.9e-11 //Diffusion coefficient, m2/s
+
+//Calculations
+r = k*T/(6*%pi*eta*1e-3*D)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Radius of protein is %4.3f nm",r/1e-9)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce b/3689/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af0741829 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+s = 1.91e-13 //Sedimentation constant, s
+NA = 6.02214129e+23 //mol^-1
+M = 14100.0 //Molecualr wt of lysozyme, g/mol
+rho = 0.998 //Density of water, kg/m3
+eta = 1.002 //Viscosity lysozyme in water, cP
+T = 293.15 //Temperature, K
+vbar = 0.703 //Specific volume of cm3/g
+
+//Calculations
+m = M/NA
+f = m*(1.-vbar*rho)/s
+r = f/(6*%pi*eta)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Radius of Lysozyme particle is %4.3f nm",r/1e-9)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.10/18_10.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.10/18_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..122aa3416 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.10/18_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//////Variable Declaration
+Dh = 7.6e-7 //Diffusion coefficient of Hemoglobin, cm2/s
+Do2 = 2.2e-5 //Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, cm2/s
+rh = 35. //Radius of Hemoglobin, °A
+ro2 = 2.0 //Radius of Oxygen, °A
+k = 4e7 //Rate constant for binding of O2 to Hemoglobin, 1/(M.s)
+NA =6.022e23 //Avagadro Number
+//Calculations
+DA = Dh + Do2
+kd = 4*%pi*NA*(rh+ro2)*1e-8*DA
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Estimated rate %4.1e 1/(M.s is far grater than experimental value of %4.1e 1/(M.s, \nhence the reaction is not diffusion controlled",kd,k)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99dd531ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//////Variable Declaration
+Ea = 104e3 //Activation energy for reaction, J/mol
+A = 1.e13 //Pre-exponential factor for reaction, 1/s
+T = 300.0 //Temeprature, K
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+h = 6.626e-34 //Plnak constant, Js
+c = 1.0 //Std. State concentration, M
+k = 1.38e-23 //,J/K
+
+//Calculations
+dH = Ea - 2*R*T
+dS = R*log(A*h*c/(k*T*%e**2))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Forward Rate constant is %4.2e 1/s",dH)
+
+printf("\n Backward Rate constant is %4.2f 1/s",dS)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfa6c778a --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+Ca0 = list(2.3e-4,4.6e-4,9.2e-4) //Initial Concentration of A, M
+Cb0 = list(3.1e-5,6.2e-5,6.2e-5) //Initial Concentration of B, M
+Ri = list(5.25e-4,4.2e-3,1.68e-2) //Initial rate of reaction, M
+
+//Calculations
+alp = log(Ri(2)/Ri(3))/log(Ca0(2)/Ca0(3))
+beta = (log(Ri(1)/Ri(2)) - 2*log((Ca0(1)/Ca0(2))))/(log(Cb0(1)/Cb0(2)))
+k = Ri(3)/(Ca0(3)**2*Cb0(3)**beta)
+
+//REsults
+printf("\n Order of reaction with respect to reactant A: %3.2f",alp)
+
+printf("\n Order of reaction with respect to reactant A: %3.2f",beta)
+
+printf("\n Rate constant of the reaction: %4.3e 1./(M.s)",k)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e5794cff --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+t1by2 = 2.05e4 //Half life for first order decomposition of N2O5, s
+x = 60. //percentage decay of N2O5
+
+//Calculations
+k = log(2)/t1by2
+t = -log(x/100)/k
+
+//REsults
+printf("\n Rate constant of the reaction: %4.3e 1/s",k)
+
+printf("\n Timerequire for 60 percent decay of N2O5: %4.3e s",t)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f46003e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+t1by2 = 2.05e4 //Half life for first order decomposition of N2O5, s
+x = 60. //percentage decay of N2O5
+
+//Calculations
+k = log(2)/t1by2
+t = -log(x/100)/k
+
+//REsults
+printf("\n Rate constant of the reaction: %4.3e 1/s",k)
+
+printf("\n Time required for 60 percent decay of N2O5: %4.3e s",t)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0c199f8c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+kAbykI = 2.0 //Ratio of rate constants
+kA = 0.1 //First order rate constant for rxn 1, 1/s
+kI = 0.05 //First order rate constant for rxn 2, 1/s
+//Calculations
+tmax = 1/(kA-kI)*log(kA/kI)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Time required for maximum concentration of A: %4.2f s",tmax)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..289e34aad --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+T = 22.0 //Temperature of the reaction,°C
+k1 = 7.0e-4 //Rate constants for rxn 1, 1/s
+k2 = 4.1e-3 //Rate constant for rxn 2, 1/s
+k3 = 5.7e-3 //Rate constant for rxn 3, 1/s
+//Calculations
+phiP1 = k1/(k1+k2+k3)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Percentage of Benzyl Penicillin that under acid catalyzed reaction by path 1: %4.2f ",phiP1*100)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH18/EX18.9/18_9.sce b/3689/CH18/EX18.9/18_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..34d9ab979 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH18/EX18.9/18_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+Ea = 42.e3 //Activation energy for reaction, J/mol
+A = 1.e12 //Pre-exponential factor for reaction, 1/s
+T = 298.0 //Temeprature, K
+Kc = 1.0e4 //Equilibrium constant for reaction
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+//Calculations
+kB = A*exp(-Ea/(R*T))
+kA = kB*Kc
+kApp = kA + kB
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Forward Rate constant is %4.2e 1/s",kA)
+
+printf("\n Backward Rate constant is %4.2e 1/s",kB)
+
+printf("\n Apperent Rate constant is %4.2e 1/s",kApp)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.sce b/3689/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0378b51d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +////Variable Declarations
+mr = 2.5e-3 //Moles reacted, mol
+P = 100.0 //Irradiation Power, J/s
+t = 27 //Time of irradiation, s
+h = 6.626e-34 //Planks constant, Js
+c = 3.0e8 //Speed of light, m/s
+labda = 280e-9 //Wavelength of light, m
+
+//Calculation
+Eabs = P*t
+Eph = h*c/labda
+nph = Eabs/Eph //moles of photone
+phi = mr/6.31e-3
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Total photon energy absorbed by sample %3.1e J",Eabs)
+
+printf("\n Photon energy absorbed at 280 nm is %3.1e J",Eph)
+
+printf("\n Total number of photon absorbed by sample %3.1e photones",nph)
+
+printf("\n Overall quantum yield %4.2f",phi)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.sce b/3689/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d8b4d8a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//////Variable Declarations
+r = 2.0e9 //Rate constant for electron transfer, per s
+labda = 1.2 //Gibss energy change, eV
+DG = -1.93 //Gibss energy change for 2-naphthoquinoyl, eV
+k = 1.38e-23 //Boltzman constant, J/K
+T = 298.0 //Temeprature, K
+//Calculation
+DGS = (DG+labda)**2/(4*labda)
+k193 = r*exp(-DGS*1.6e-19/(k*T))
+//Results
+printf("\n DGS = %5.3f eV",DGS)
+
+printf("\n Rate constant with barrier to electron transfer %3.2e per s",k193)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce b/3689/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..efcd69f77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration Part a
+vi = 20.0 //Initial volume of ideal gas, L
+vf = 85.0 //final volume of ideal gas, L
+Pext = 2.5 //External Pressure against which work is done, bar
+
+//Calculations
+w = -Pext*1e5*(vf-vi)*1e-3
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Part a: Work done in expansion is %6.1f kJ",w/1000)
+
+
+//Variable Declaration Part b
+ri = 1.00 //Initial diameter of bubble, cm
+rf = 3.25 //final diameter of bubble, cm
+sigm = 71.99 //Surface tension, N/m
+
+//Calculations
+w = -2*sigm*4*%pi*(rf**2-ri**2)*1e-4
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Part b: Work done in expansion of bubble is %4.2f J",w)
+
+
+//Variable Declaration Part c
+i = 3.20 //Current through heating coil, A
+v = 14.5 //fVoltage applied across coil, volts
+t = 30.0 //time for which current is applied,s
+
+////Calculations
+w = v*i*t
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Part c: Work done in paasing the cuurent through coil is %4.2f kJ",w/1000)
+
+
+//Variable Declaration Part d
+k = 100.0 //Constant in F = -kx, N/cm
+dl = -0.15 //stretch , cm
+
+////Calculations
+w = -k*(dl**2-0)/2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Part d: Work done stretching th fiber is %4.2f J",w)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce b/3689/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ff1cb0b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+m = 100.0 //Mass of water, g
+T = 100.0 //Temperature of water, °C
+Pext = 1.0 //External Pressure on assembly, bar
+x = 10.0 //percent of water vaporised at 1 bar,-
+i = 2.00 //current through heating coil, A
+v = 12.0 //Voltage applied, v
+t = 1.0e3 //time for which current applied, s
+rhol = 997 //Density of liquid, kg/m3
+rhog = 0.59 //Density of vapor, kg/m3
+
+//Calculations
+q = i*v*t
+vi = m/(rhol*100)*1e-3
+vf = m*(100-x)*1e-3/(rhol*100) + m*x*1e-3/(rhog*100)
+w = -Pext*(vf-vi)*1e5
+//Results
+printf("\n Heat added to the water %4.2f kJ",q/1000)
+
+printf("\n Work done in vaporizing liquid is %4.2f J",w)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce b/3689/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71cefee96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////Variable Declaration Part d
+m = 1.5
+dT = 14.2 //Change in temperature of water, °C or K
+cp = 4.18 //Specific heat of water at constant pressure, J/(g.K)
+
+//Calculations
+qp = m*cp*dT
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Heat removed by water at constant pressure %4.2f kJ",qp)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce b/3689/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..933bce944 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +////
+//Variable declaration
+n = 2.0 //moles of ideal gas
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, bar.L/(mol.K)
+//For reverssible Isothermal expansion
+Pi1 = 25.0 //Initial Pressure of ideal gas, bar
+Vi1 = 4.50 //Initial volume of ideal gas, L
+Pf1 = 4.50 //Fianl Pressure of ideal gas, bar
+Pext = 4.50 //External pressure, bar
+Pint = 11.0 //Intermediate pressure, bar
+
+//Calcualtions reverssible Isothermal expansion
+T1 = Pi1*Vi1/(n*R)
+Vf1 = n*R*T1/Pf1
+w = -n*R*T1*log(Vf1/Vi1)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n For reverssible Isothermal expansion')
+printf("\n Work done = %4.2e J",w)
+
+
+//Calcualtions Single step irreverssible expansion
+
+w = -Pext*1e5*(Vf1-Vi1)*1e-3
+
+//Results
+printf("\n For Single step reverssible expansion')
+printf("\n Work done = %4.2e J",w)
+
+
+//Calcualtions Two step irreverssible expansion
+Vint = n*R*T1/(Pint)
+w = -Pint*1e5*(Vint-Vi1)*1e-3 - Pf1*1e5*(Vf1-Vint)*1e-3
+
+//Results
+printf("\n For Two step reverssible expansion')
+printf("\n Work done = %4.2e J",w)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce b/3689/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e2549155 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +////
+//Variable declaration
+n = 2.5 //moles of ideal gas
+R = 0.08314 //Ideal gas constant, bar.L/(mol.K)
+cvm = 20.79 //Heat Capacity at constant volume, J/(mol.K)
+
+p1 = 16.6 //Pressure at point 1, bar
+v1 = 1.00 //Volume at point 1, L
+p2 = 16.6 //Pressure at point 2, bar
+v2 = 25.0 //Volume at point 2, L
+v3 = 25.0 //Volume at point 3, L
+
+//Calculations
+T1 = p1*v1/(n*R)
+T2 = p2*v2/(n*R)
+T3 = T1 //from problem statement
+ //for path 1-2
+DU12 = n*cvm*(T2-T1)
+w12 = -p1*1e5*(v2-v1)*1e-3
+q12 = DU12 - w12
+DH12 = DU12 + n*R*(T2-T1)*1e2
+
+ //for path 2-3
+w23 = 0.0
+DU23=n*cvm*(T3-T2)
+;q23=n*cvm*(T3-T2)
+;
+DH23 = -DH12
+
+
+ //for path 3-1
+DU31 = 0.0 //Isothemal process
+DH31 = 0.0
+w31 = -n*R*1e2*T1*log(v1/v3)
+q31 = -w31
+
+DU = DU12+DU23+DU31
+w = w12+w23+w31
+q = q12+q23+q31
+DH = DH12+DH23+DH31
+
+//Results
+printf("\n For Path q w DU DH ')
+printf("\n 1-2 %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f",q12,w12,DU12,DH12)
+
+printf("\n 2-3 %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f",q23,w23,DU23,DH23)
+
+printf("\n 3-1 %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f",q31,w31,DU31,DH31)
+
+printf("\n Overall %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f %7.2f",q,w,DU,DH)
+
+printf("\n all values are in J')
diff --git a/3689/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sce b/3689/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bef642742 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +////Variable Declaration Part d
+n = 2.5 //moles of ideal gas
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+cvm = 12.47 //Heat Capacity at constant volume, J/(mol.K)
+
+pext = 1.00 //External Pressure, bar
+Ti = 325. //Initial Temeprature, K
+pi = 2.50 //Initial Pressure, bar
+pf = 1.25 //Final pressure, bar
+
+//Calculations Adiabatic process q = 0; DU = w
+q = 0.0
+Tf = Ti*(cvm + R*pext/pi)/(cvm + R*pext/pf )
+DU=n*cvm*(Tf-Ti)
+;w=n*cvm*(Tf-Ti)
+;
+DH = DU + n*R*(Tf-Ti)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n The final temperature at end of adiabatic procees is %4.1f K",Tf)
+
+printf("\n The enthalpy change of adiabatic procees is %4.1f J",DH)
+
+printf("\n The Internal energy change of adiabatic procees is %4.1f J",DU)
+
+printf("\n The work done in expansion of adiabatic procees is %4.1f J",w)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sce b/3689/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fe090746 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration Part d
+h1 = 1000.0 //initial Altitude of cloud, m
+hf = 3500.0 //Final Altitude of cloud, m
+p1 = 0.802 //Pressure at h1, atm
+pf = 0.602 //Pressure at hf, atm
+T1 = 288.0 //Initial temperature of cloud, K
+cp = 28.86 //Specific heat of air, J/mol.K
+R = 8.314 //Gas constant, J/mol.K
+
+//Calculations
+Tf = exp(-(cp/(cp-R)-1)/(cp/(cp-R))*log(p1/pf))*T1
+//Results
+printf("\n Final temperature of cloud %4.1f K",Tf)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce b/3689/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ba24b5fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//////Variable Declaration
+betaOH = 11.2e-4 //Thermal exapnasion coefficient of ethanol, °C
+betagl = 2.00e-5 //Thermal exapnasion coefficient of glass, °C
+kOH = 11.0e-5 //Isothermal compressibility of ethanol, /bar
+dT = 10.0 //Increase in Temperature, °C
+
+//Calcualtions
+vfbyvi = (1+ betagl*dT)
+dP = betaOH*dT/kOH-(1./kOH)*log(vfbyvi)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Pressure increase in capillary %4.1f bar",dP)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce b/3689/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2cc3462f --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+cpsubysy = 1000 //Specific heat ration of surrounding and system
+Tpreci = 0.006 //Precision in Temperature measurement, °C
+
+//Calcualtions
+dtgas = -cpsubysy*(-Tpreci)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Minimum detectable temperature change of gas +-%4.1f °C",dtgas)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sce b/3689/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5964aba09 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+m = 124.0 //Mass of liquid methanol, g
+Pi = 1.0 //Initial Pressure, bar
+Ti = 298.0 //Intial Temperature, K
+Pf = 2.5 //Final Pressure, bar
+Tf = 425.0 //Intial Temperature, K
+rho = 0.791 //Density, g/cc
+Cpm = 81.1 //Specifi heat, J/(K.mol)
+M = 32.04
+
+//Calculations
+n = m/M
+DH = n*Cpm*(Tf-Ti)+ m*(Pf-Pi)*1e-6/rho
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Enthalpy change for change in state of methanol is %4.1f kJ",DH/1000)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce b/3689/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afccaa070 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////Varialble Declaration
+DH0_H2O = 241.8 //Std Enthalpy of reaxtion of Water Fomation backward rxn, kJ/mol
+DH0_2H = 2*218.0 //Std Enthalpy of formation of Hydrogen atom, kJ/mol
+DH0_O = 249.2 //Std Enthalpy of formation of Oxygen atom, kJ/mol
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+Dn = 2.0
+T = 298.15 //Std. Temperature, K
+//Calculation
+DH0_2HO = DH0_H2O + DH0_2H + DH0_O
+DU0 = (DH0_2HO - Dn*R*T*1e-3)/2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Avergae Enthalpy change required for breaking both OH bonds %4.1f kJ/mol",DH0_2HO)
+
+printf("\n Average bond energy required for breaking both OH bonds %4.1f kJ/mol",DU0)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce b/3689/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d994c1c59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +////Varialble Declaration
+ms1 = 0.972 //Mass of cyclohexane, g
+DT1 = 2.98 //Change in temperature for bath, °C
+DUR1 = -3913e3 //Std Internal energy change, J/mol
+mw = 1.812e3 //Mass of water, g
+ms2 = 0.857 //Mass of benzene, g
+Ms1 = 84.16
+Ms2 = 78.12
+DT2 = 2.36 //Change in temperature for bath, °C
+Mw = 18.02
+Cpw = 75.3
+
+//Calculation
+
+Ccal = ((-ms1/Ms1)*DUR1-(mw/Mw)*Cpw*DT1)/DT1
+DUR2 = (-Ms2/ms2)*((mw/Mw)*Cpw*DT2+Ccal*DT2)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Calorimeter constant %4.2e J/°C",Ccal)
+
+printf("\n Enthalpy of rection for benzene %4.2e J/mol",DUR2)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sce b/3689/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c7b07849 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +////Varialble Declaration
+ms = 1.423 //Mass of Na2SO4, g
+mw = 100.34 //Mass of Na2SO4, g
+DT = 0.037 //Change in temperature for solution, K
+Mw = 18.02 //Molecular wt of Water
+Ms = 142.04 //Molecular wt of ms Na2SO4
+Ccal = 342.5 //Calorimeter constant, J/K
+Cpw = 75.3
+//Data
+DHfNa = -240.1
+DHfSO4 = -909.3
+DHfNa2SO4 = -1387.1
+
+//Calculation
+DHs = (-Ms/ms)*((mw/Mw)*Cpw*DT+Ccal*DT)
+DHsolD = 2*DHfNa + DHfSO4 - DHfNa2SO4
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Enthalpy of solution for Na2SO4 %4.2e J/mol",DHs)
+
+printf("\n Enthalpy of solution for Na2SO4 from Data %4.2e J/mol",DHsolD)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce b/3689/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37b992a13 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+Th = 500.
+Tc = 200. //Temeperatures IN Which reversible heat engine works, K
+q = 1000. //Heat absorbed by heat engine, J
+
+//Calcualtions
+eps = 1.-Tc/Th
+w = eps*q
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Efficiency of heat engine is %4.3f",eps)
+
+printf("\n Work done by heat engine is %4.1f J",w)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce b/3689/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b00b22cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 2.5 //Number of moles of CO2
+Ti = 450. //Initial and final state Temeperatures of CO2, K
+Tf = 800.
+pi = 1.35 //Initial and final state pressure of CO2, K
+pf = 3.45
+[A,B,C,D] = (18.86,7.937e-2,-6.7834e-5,2.4426e-8)
+ //Constants in constant pressure Heat capacity equation in J, mol, K units
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+//Calcualtions
+
+dS1 = n*integrate('(A+B*T+C*T**2+D*T**3)/T','T',Ti,Tf)
+dS2 = n*R*log(pf/pi)
+dS = dS1 - dS2
+//Results
+printf("\n Entropy change of process is %4.2f J/(mol.K)",dS)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce b/3689/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf55d7b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 3.0 //Number of moles of CO2
+Ti = 300 //Initial and final state Temeperatures of CO2, K
+Tf = 600
+pi = 1.00 //Initial and final state pressure of CO2, K
+pf = 3.00
+cpm = 27.98 //Specific heat of mercury, J/(mol.K)
+M = 200.59 //Molecualr wt of mercury, g/(mol)
+beta = 1.81e-4 //per K
+rho = 13.54 //Density of mercury, g/cm3
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+
+//Calcualtions
+dS1 = n*cpm*log(Tf/Ti)
+dS2 = n*(M/(rho*1e6))*beta*(pf-pi)*1e5
+dS = dS1 - dS2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Entropy change of process is %4.1f J/(mol.K)",dS)
+
+printf("\n Ratio of pressure to temperature dependent term %3.1e\nhence effect of pressure dependent term is very less",dS2/dS1)
+
+printf("\n The above value is different as given in the text")
+
+
diff --git a/3689/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce b/3689/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17be6288c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 1.0 //Number of moles of CO2
+T = 300.0 //Temeperatures of Water bath, K
+vi = 25.0 //Initial and final state Volume of Ideal Gas, L
+vf = 10.0
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+
+//Calcualtions
+qrev = n*R*T*log(vf/vi)
+w = -qrev
+dSsys = qrev/T
+dSsur = -dSsys
+dS = dSsys + dSsur
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Entropy change of surrounding is %4.1f J/(mol.K)",dSsur)
+
+printf("\n Entropy change of system is %4.1f J/(mol.K)",dSsys)
+
+printf("\n Total Entropy change is %4.1f J/(mol.K)",dS)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce b/3689/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b44e8cef --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+n = 1.0 //Number of moles of CO2
+T = 300.0 //Temeperatures of Water bath, K
+vi = 25.0 //Initial and final state Volume of Ideal Gas, L
+vf = 10.0
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+
+//Calcualtions
+pext = n*R*T/(vf/1e3)
+pi = n*R*T/(vi/1e3)
+q = pext*(vf-vi)/1e3
+qrev = n*R*T*log(vf/vi)
+w = -q
+dSsur = -q/T
+dSsys = qrev/T
+dS = dSsys + dSsur
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Constant external pressure and initial pressure are %4.3e J,and %4.3e J respectively",pext,pi)
+
+printf("\n Heat in reverssible and irreversible processes are %4.1f J,and %4.1f J respectively",qrev,q)
+
+printf("\n Entropy change of system is %4.1f J/(mol.K)",dSsys)
+
+printf("\n Entropy change of surrounding is %4.2f J/(mol.K)",dSsur)
+
+printf("\n Total Entropy changeis %4.2f J/(mol.K)",dS)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..488e93074 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+dHcCH4 = -891.0 //Std. heat of combustion for CH4, kJ/mol
+dHcC8H18 = -5471.0 //Std. heat of combustion for C8H18, kJ/mol
+
+T = 298.15
+[SmCO2,SmCH4,SmH2O,SmO2,SmC8H18] = (213.8,186.3,70.0,205.2,316.1)
+dnCH4 = -2.
+dnC8H18 = 4.5
+R = 8.314
+//Calculations
+dACH4 = dHcCH4*1e3 - dnCH4*R*T - T*(SmCO2 + 2*SmH2O - SmCH4 - 2*SmO2)
+dAC8H18 = dHcC8H18*1e3 - dnC8H18*R*T - T*(8*SmCO2 + 9*SmH2O - SmC8H18 - 25.*SmO2/2)
+//Results
+printf("\n Maximum Available work through combustion of CH4 %4.1f kJ/mol",dACH4/1000)
+
+printf("\n Maximum Available work through combustion of C8H18 %4.1f kJ/mol",dAC8H18/1000)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44db193d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+dGfCaCO3 = -1128.8 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for CaCO3 (s), kJ/mol
+dGfCaO = -603.3 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for CaO (s), kJ/mol
+dGfCO2 = -394.4 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for O2 (g), kJ/mol
+dHfCaCO3 = -1206.9 //Std. Enthalpy Change of formation for CaCO3 (s), kJ/mol
+dHfCaO = -634.9 //Std. Enthalpy Change of formation for CaO (s), kJ/mol
+dHfCO2 = -393.5 //Std. Enthalpy Change of formation for O2 (g), kJ/mol
+T0 = 298.15 //Temperature in K
+R = 8.314
+[nCaCO3,nCaO,nO2] = (-1,1,1)
+
+//Calculations
+dGR = nCaO*dGfCaO + nO2*dGfCO2 + nCaCO3*dGfCaCO3
+dHR = nCaO*dHfCaO + nO2*dHfCO2 + nCaCO3*dHfCaCO3
+
+deff('[x]=func(T)','x=exp(-dGR*1e3/(R*T0) - dHR*1e3*(1/T - 1/T0)/R)')
+
+Kp10 = func(1000)
+Kp11 = func(1100)
+Kp12 = func(1200)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. Gibbs energy change for reaction is %4.1f kJ/mol",dGR)
+
+printf("\n Std. Enthalpy change for reaction is %4.1f kJ/mol",dHR)
+
+printf("\n Equilibrium constants at 1000, 1100, and 1200 K are %4.4f, %4.3fe, and %4.3f",Kp10,Kp11,Kp12)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b0681fff --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+dGfCG = 0.0 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for CaCO3 (s), kJ/mol
+dGfCD = 2.90 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for CaO (s), kJ/mol
+rhoG = 2.25e3 //Density of Graphite, kg/m3
+rhoD = 3.52e3 //Density of dimond, kg/m3
+T0 = 298.15 //Std. Temperature, K
+R = 8.314 //Ideal gas constant, J/(mol.K)
+P0 = 1.0 //Pressure, bar
+M = 12.01 //Molceular wt of Carbon
+//Calculations
+P = P0*1e5 + dGfCD*1e3/((1./rhoG-1./rhoD)*M*1e-3)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Pressure at which graphite and dimond will be in equilibrium is %4.2e bar",P/1e5)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3763f93e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+beta = 2.04e-4 //Thermal exapansion coefficient, /K
+kapa = 45.9e-6 //Isothermal compressibility, /bar
+T = 298.15 //Std. Temperature, K
+R = 8.206e-2 //Ideal gas constant, atm.L/(mol.K)
+T1 = 320.0 //Temperature, K
+Pi = 1.0 //Initial Pressure, bar
+V = 1.00 //Volume, m3
+a = 1.35 //van der Waals constant a for nitrogen, atm.L2/mol2
+P0 =1
+//Calculations
+dUbydV=(beta*T1-kapa*P0)/kapa
+;Pf=(beta*T1-kapa*P0)/kapa
+;
+dVT = V*kapa*(Pf-Pi)
+dVbyV = dVT*100/V
+Vm = Pi/(R*T1)
+dUbydVm = a/(Vm**2)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n dUbydV = %4.2e bar",dUbydV)
+
+printf("\n dVbyV = %4.3f percent",dVbyV)
+
+printf("\n dUbydVm = %4.0e atm",dUbydVm)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1698ede83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+m = 1000.0 //mass of mercury, g
+Pi = 1.00 //Intial pressure and temperature, bar, K
+Ti = 300
+Pf = 300. //Final pressure and temperature, bar, K
+Tf = 600.0
+rho = 13534. //Density of mercury, kg/m3
+beta = 18.1e-4 //Thermal exapansion coefficient for Hg, /K
+kapa = 3.91e-6 //Isothermal compressibility for Hg, /Pa
+Cpm = 27.98 //Molar Specific heat at constant pressure, J/(mol.K)
+M = 200.59 //Molecular wt of Hg, g/mol
+
+//Calculations
+Vi = m*1e-3/rho
+Vf = Vi*exp(-kapa*(Pf-Pi))
+Ut = m*Cpm*(Tf-Ti)/M
+Up = (beta*Ti/kapa-Pi)*1e5*(Vf-Vi) + (Vi-Vf+Vf*log(Vf/Vi))*1e5/kapa
+dU = Ut + Up
+Ht = m*Cpm*(Tf-Ti)/M
+Hp = ((1 + beta*(Tf-Ti))*Vi*exp(-kapa*Pi)/kapa)*(exp(-kapa*Pi)-exp(-kapa*Pf))
+dH = Ht + Hp
+//Results
+printf("\n Internal energy change is %6.2e J/mol in which \ncontribution of temperature dependent term %6.4f percent",dU,Ut*100/dH)
+
+printf("\n Enthalpy change is %4.3e J/mol in which \ncontribution of temperature dependent term %4.1f percent",dH,Ht*100/dH)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2591a82e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+T = 300.0 //Temperature of Hg, K
+beta = 18.1e-4 //Thermal exapansion coefficient for Hg, /K
+kapa = 3.91e-6 //Isothermal compressibility for Hg, /Pa
+M = 0.20059 //Molecular wt of Hg, kg/mol
+rho = 13534 //Density of mercury, kg/m3
+Cpm = 27.98 //Experimental Molar specif heat at const pressure for mercury, J/(mol.K)
+
+//Calculations
+Vm = M/rho
+DCpmCv = T*Vm*beta**2/kapa
+Cvm = Cpm - DCpmCv
+//Results
+printf("\n Difference in molar specific heats \nat constant volume and constant pressure %4.2e J/(mol.K)",DCpmCv)
+
+printf("\n Molar Specific heat of Hg at const. volume is %4.2f J/(mol.K)",Cvm)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec9f7fb23 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+T = 298.15 //Std. Temperature, K
+P = 1.0 //Initial Pressure, bar
+[Hm0,Sm0] = (0.0,154.8)
+[Sm0H2,Sm0O2] = (130.7,205.2)
+dGfH2O = -237.1 //Gibbs energy of formation for H2O(l), kJ/mol
+[nH2,nO2] = (1,1/2)
+
+//Calculations
+Gm0 = Hm0 - T*Sm0
+dGmH2O = dGfH2O*1000 - T*(nH2*Sm0H2 + nO2*Sm0O2)
+//Results
+printf("\n Molar Gibbs energy of Ar %4.3f kJ/mol",Gm0/1e3)
+
+printf("\n Molar Gibbs energy of Water %4.3f kJ/mol",dGmH2O/1e3)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b6638167 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+dHcCH4 = -891.0 //Std. heat of combustion for CH4, kJ/mol
+dHcC8H18 = -5471.0 //Std. heat of combustion for C8H18, kJ/mol
+
+T = 298.15
+[SmCO2,SmCH4,SmH2O,SmO2,SmC8H18] = (213.8,186.3,70.0,205.2,316.1)
+dnCH4 = -2.
+dnC8H18 = 4.5
+R = 8.314
+//Calculations
+dGCH4 = dHcCH4*1e3 - T*(SmCO2 + 2*SmH2O - SmCH4 - 2*SmO2)
+dGC8H18 = dHcC8H18*1e3 - T*(8*SmCO2 + 9*SmH2O - SmC8H18 - 25.*SmO2/2)
+//Results
+printf("\n Maximum nonexpansion work through combustion of CH4 %4.1f kJ/mol",dGCH4/1000)
+
+printf("\n Maximum nonexpansion work through combustion of C8H18 %4.1f kJ/mol",dGC8H18/1000)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14fd1bf6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+dGf298 = 370.7 //Std. free energy of formation for Fe (g), kJ/mol
+dHf298 = 416.3 //Std. Enthalpy of formation for Fe (g), kJ/mol
+T0 = 298.15 //Temperature in K
+T = 400. //Temperature in K
+R = 8.314
+
+//Calculations
+
+dGf = T*(dGf298*1e3/T0 + dHf298*1e3*(1./T - 1./T0))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. free energy of formation for Fe(g at 400 K is %4.1f kJ/mol",dGf/1000)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db2ced49c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+nHe = 1.0 //Number of moles of He
+nNe = 3.0 //Number of moles of Ne
+nAr = 2.0 //Number of moles of Ar
+nXe = 2.5 //Number of moles of Xe
+T = 298.15 //Temperature in K
+P = 1.0 //Pressure, bar
+R = 8.314
+
+//Calculations
+n = nHe + nNe + nAr + nXe
+dGmix = n*R*T*((nHe/n)*log(nHe/n) + (nNe/n)*log(nNe/n) +(nAr/n)*log(nAr/n) + (nXe/n)*log(nXe/n))
+dSmix = n*R*((nHe/n)*log(nHe/n) + (nNe/n)*log(nNe/n) +(nAr/n)*log(nAr/n) + (nXe/n)*log(nXe/n))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. free energy Change on mixing is %3.1e J",dGmix)
+
+printf("\n Std. entropy Change on mixing is %4.1f J",dSmix)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3ce8012e --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+dGfFe = 0.0 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for Fe (S), kJ/mol
+dGfH2O = -237.1 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for Water (g), kJ/mol
+dGfFe2O3 = -1015.4 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for Fe2O3 (s), kJ/mol
+dGfH2 = 0.0 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for Hydrogen (g), kJ/mol
+T0 = 298.15 //Temperature in K
+R = 8.314
+[nFe,nH2,nFe2O3,nH2O] = (3,-4,-1,4)
+
+//Calculations
+dGR = nFe*dGfFe + nH2O*dGfH2O + nFe2O3*dGfFe2O3 + nH2*dGfH2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. Gibbs energy change for reaction is %4.2f kJ/mol",dGR)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63c4dddd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+dGR = 67.0 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for reaction, kJ, from previous problem
+dHfFe = 0.0 //Enthalpy of formation for Fe (S), kJ/mol
+dHfH2O = -285.8 //Enthalpy of formation for Water (g), kJ/mol
+dHfFe2O3 = -1118.4 //Enthalpy of formation for Fe2O3 (s), kJ/mol
+dHfH2 = 0.0 //Enthalpy of formation for Hydrogen (g), kJ/mol
+T0 = 298.15 //Temperature in K
+T = 525. //Temperature in K
+R = 8.314
+[nFe,nH2,nFe2O3,nH2O] = (3,-4,-1,4)
+
+//Calculations
+dHR = nFe*dHfFe + nH2O*dHfH2O + nFe2O3*dHfFe2O3 + nH2*dHfH2
+dGR2 = T*(dGR*1e3/T0 + dHR*1e3*(1./T - 1./T0))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. Enthalpy change for reactionat %4.1f is %4.2f kJ/mol",T, dHR)
+
+printf("\n Std. Gibbs energy change for reactionat %4.1f is %4.0f kJ/mol",T, dGR2/1e3)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77e2ffe75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+dGfNO2 = 51.3 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for NO2 (g), kJ/mol
+dGfN2O4 = 99.8 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for N2O4 (g), kJ/mol
+T0 = 298.15 //Temperature in K
+pNO2 = 0.350 //Partial pressure of NO2, bar
+pN2O4 = 0.650 //Partial pressure of N2O4, bar
+R = 8.314
+[nNO2,nN2O4] = (-2,1)
+
+//Calculations
+dGR = nN2O4*dGfN2O4*1e3 + nNO2*dGfNO2*1e3 + R*T0*log(pN2O4/(pNO2)**2)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. Gibbs energy change for reaction is %5.3f kJ/mol",dGR/1e3)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sce b/3689/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80a019ae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+dGfCO2 = -394.4 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for CO2 (g), kJ/mol
+dGfH2 = 0.0 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for H2 (g), kJ/mol
+dGfCO = 237.1 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for CO (g), kJ/mol
+dGfH2O = 137.2 //Std. Gibbs energy of formation for H24 (l), kJ/mol
+T0 = 298.15 //Temperature in K
+R = 8.314
+[nCO2, nH2, nCO, nH2O] = (1,1,1,1) //Stoichiomentric coeff of CO2,H2,CO,H2O respectively in reaction
+
+//Calculations
+dGR = nCO2*dGfCO2 + nH2*dGfH2 + nCO*dGfCO + nH2O*dGfH2O
+Kp = exp(-dGR*1e3/(R*T0))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Std. Gibbs energy change for reaction is %5.3f kJ/mol",dGR/1e3)
+
+printf("\n Equilibrium constant for reaction is %5.3f ",Kp)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce b/3689/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..205d5d263 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+m = 1.0 //Mass of Methane, kg
+T = 230 //Temeprature of Methane, K
+P = 68.0 //Pressure, bar
+Tc = 190.56 //Critical Temeprature of Methane
+Pc = 45.99 //Critical Pressure of Methane
+R = 0.08314 //Ideal Gas Constant, L.bar/(mol.K)
+M = 16.04 //Molecular wt of Methane
+
+//Calcualtions
+Tr = T/Tc
+Pr = P/Pc
+z = 0.63 //Methane compressibility factor
+n = m*1e3/M
+V = z*n*R*T/P
+Vig = n*R*T/P
+DV = (V - Vig)/V
+
+//Results
+printf("\n V-Videal %4.2f L",V-Vig)
+
+printf("\n Percentage error %5.2f",DV*100)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce b/3689/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5081c8a83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +////
+//Varialble Declaration
+Tn = 353.24 //normal boiling point of Benzene, K
+pi = 1.19e4 //Vapor pressure of benzene at 20°C, Pa
+DHf = 9.95 //Latent heat of fusion, kJ/mol
+pv443 = 137. //Vapor pressure of benzene at -44.3°C, Pa
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+Pf = 101325 //Std. atmospheric pressure, Pa
+T20 = 293.15 //Temperature in K
+P0 = 1.
+Pl = 10000.
+Ts = -44.3 //Temperature of solid benzene, °C
+
+//Calculations
+Ts = Ts + 273.15
+//Part a
+
+DHv = -(R*log(Pf/pi))/(1./Tn-1./T20)
+//Part b
+
+DSv = DHv/Tn
+DHf = DHf*1e3
+//Part c
+
+Ttp = -DHf/(R*(log(Pl/P0)-log(pv443/P0)-(DHv+DHf)/(R*Ts)+DHv/(R*T20)))
+Ptp = exp(-DHv/R*(1./Ttp-1./Tn))*101325
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Latent heat of vaporization of benzene at 20°C %4.1f kJ/mol",DHv/1000)
+
+printf("\n Entropy Change of vaporization of benzene at 20°C %3.1f J/mol",DSv)
+
+printf("\n Triple point temperature = %4.1f K for benzene",Ttp)
+
+printf("\n Triple point pressure = %4.2e Pa for benzene",Ptp)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce b/3689/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..662e83fab --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +////
+//Varialble Declaration
+gama = 71.99e-3 //Surface tension of water, N/m
+r = 1.2e-4 //Radius of hemisphere, m
+theta = 0.0 //Contact angle, rad
+
+//Calculations
+DP = 2*gama*cos(theta)/r
+F = DP*%pi*r**2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Force exerted by one leg %5.3e N",F)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce b/3689/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e9482445 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +////
+//Varialble Declaration
+gama = 71.99e-3 //Surface tension of water, N/m
+r = 2e-5 //Radius of xylem, m
+theta = 0.0 //Contact angle, rad
+rho = 997.0 //Density of water, kg/m3
+g = 9.81 //gravitational acceleration, m/s2
+H = 100 //Height at top of redwood tree, m
+
+//Calculations
+h = 2*gama/(rho*g*r*cos(theta))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Height to which water can rise by capillary action is %3.2f m",h)
+
+printf("\n This is very less than %4.1f n, hence water can not reach top of tree",H)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..308fcfd66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+rho = 789.9 //Density of acetone, g/L
+n = 1.0 //moles of acetone, mol
+M = 58.08 //Molecular wt of acetone, g/mol
+kHacetone = 1950 //Henrys law constant, torr
+//Calculations
+H = n*M*kHacetone/rho
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Henrys constant = %5.2f torr",H)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8083b05c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+m = 0.5 //Mass of water, kg
+ms = 24.0 //Mass of solute, g
+Ms = 241.0 //Molecular wt of solute, g/mol
+Tfd = 0.359 //Freezinf point depression, °C or K
+kf = 1.86 //Constants for freezing point depression for water, K kg/mol
+
+//Calculations
+msolute = ms/(Ms*m)
+gama = Tfd/(kf*msolute)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Activity coefficient = %4.3f",gama)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..800e9029f --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+m = 70.0 //Mass of human body, kg
+V = 5.00 //Volume of blood, L
+HN2 = 9.04e4 //Henry law constant for N2 solubility in blood, bar
+T = 298.0 //Temperature, K
+rho = 1.00 //density of blood, kg/L
+Mw = 18.02 //Molecualr wt of water, g/mol
+X = 80 //Percent of N2 at sea level
+p1= 1.0 //Pressures, bar
+ p2 = 50.0
+R = 8.314e-2 //Ideal Gas constant, L.bar/(mol.K)
+//Calculations
+nN21 = (V*rho*1e3/Mw)*(p1*X/100)/HN2
+nN22 = (V*rho*1e3/Mw)*(p2*X/100)/HN2
+V = (nN22-nN21)*R*T/p1
+//Results
+printf("\n Number of moles of nitrogen in blood at 1 and 50 bar are %3.2e,%3.3f mol",nN21,nN22)
+
+printf("\n Volume of nitrogen released from blood at reduced pressure %4.3f L",V)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52a03ce76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +////
+//Variable Declaration
+nb = 5.00 //Number of moles of Benzene, mol
+nt = 3.25 //Number of moles of Toluene, mol
+T = 298.15 //Temperature, K
+P = 1.0 //Pressure, bar
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+
+//Calculations
+n = nb + nt
+xb = nb/n
+xt = 1. - xb
+dGmix = n*R*T*(xb*log(xb)+xt*log(xt))
+dSmix = -n*R*(xb*log(xb)+xt*log(xt))
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Gibbs energy change of mixing is %4.3e J",dGmix)
+
+printf("\n Gibbs energy change of mixing is < 0, hence the mixing is spontaneous')
+printf("\n Entropy change of mixing is %4.2f J/K",dSmix)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cda296edf --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+nb = 5.00 //Number of moles of Benzene, mol
+nt = 3.25 //Number of moles of Toluene, mol
+T = 298.15 //Temperature, K
+R = 8.314 //Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)
+P0b = 96.4 //Vapor pressure of Benzene, torr
+P0t = 28.9 //Vapor pressure of Toluene, torr
+
+//Calculations
+n = nb + nt
+xb = nb/n
+xt = 1. - xb
+P = xb*P0b + xt*P0t
+y = (P0b*P - P0t*P0b)/(P*(P0b-P0t))
+yt = 1. -y
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Total pressure of the vapor is %4.1f torr",P)
+
+printf("\n Benzene fraction in vapor is %4.3f ",y)
+
+printf("\n Toulene fraction in vapor is %4.3f ",yt)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c1555d8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+m = 4.50 //Mass of substance dissolved, g
+ms = 125.0 //Mass of slovent (CCl4), g
+TbE = 0.65 //Boiling point elevation, °C
+[Kf, Kb] = (30.0, 4.95) //Constants for freezing point elevation
+ // and boiling point depression for CCl4, K kg/mol
+Msolvent = 153.8 //Molecualr wt of solvent, g/mol
+//Calculations
+DTf = -Kf*TbE/Kb
+Msolute = Kb*m/(ms*1e-3*TbE)
+nsolute = m/Msolute
+nsolvent = ms/Msolvent
+x = 1.0 - nsolute/(nsolute + nsolvent)
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Freezing point depression %5.2f K",DTf)
+
+printf("\n Molecualr wt of solute %4.1f g/mol",Msolute)
+
+printf("\n Vapor pressure of solvent is reduced by a factor of %4.3f",x)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..291a6ab5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+csolute = 0.500 //Concentration of solute, g/L
+R = 8.206e-2 //Gas constant L.atm/(mol.K)
+T = 298.15 //Temperature of the solution, K
+
+//Calculations
+pii = csolute*R*T
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Osmotic pressure %4.2f atm",pii)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa28a34ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+xCS2 = 0.3502 //Mol fraction of CS2, g/L
+pCS2 = 358.3 //Partial pressure of CS2, torr
+p0CS2 = 512.3 //Total pressure, torr
+
+//Calculations
+alpha = pCS2/p0CS2
+gama = alpha/xCS2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Activity of CS2 %5.4f atm",alpha)
+
+printf("\n Activity coefficient of CS2 %5.4f atm",gama)
+
diff --git a/3689/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sce b/3689/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07c46fa1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3689/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +////Variable Declaration
+xCS2 = 0.3502 //Mol fraction of CS2, g/L
+pCS2 = 358.3 //Partial pressure of CS2, torr
+kHCS2 = 2010. //Total pressure, torr
+
+//Calculations
+alpha = pCS2/kHCS2
+gama = alpha/xCS2
+
+//Results
+printf("\n Activity of CS2 %5.4f atm",alpha)
+
+printf("\n Activity coefficinet of CS2 %5.4f atm",gama)
+
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