diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3651')
100 files changed, 1425 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f53cbe59f --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Initialisation of variables
+clc
+//Variable declaration
+a=7.68*10**-29;
+r0=2.5*10**-10; //radius(m)
+
+//Calculation
+b=a*(r0**8)/9;
+y=((-2*a*r0**8)+(90*b))/r0**11;
+E=y/r0; //young's modulus(Pa)
+
+//Result
+
+printf('youngs modulus is %0.2f GPa',(E/10^9))
+
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3a88c773 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//variable declaration
+n=4
+M=58.5 //Molecular wt. of NaCl
+N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro number
+rho=2180 //density
+
+//Calculations
+a=((n*M)/(N*rho))**(1/3)
+s=a/2
+
+//Result
+printf('a=%0.3f*10**-9 metre\n",(a/10**-9))
+printf('spacing between the nearest neighbouring ions =%0.3f nm",(s/10**-9))
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb4c4de9a --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//variable declaration
+n=4
+A=63.55 //Atomic wt. of NaCl
+N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro number
+rho=8930 //density
+
+//Calculations
+a=((n*A)/(N*rho))**(1/3) //Lattice Constant
+
+//Result
+printf('lattice constant, a=%0.3f nm',(a*10**9))
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ba5978b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//variable declaration
+r=0.123 //Atomic radius
+n=4
+A=55.8 //Atomic wt
+a=2*sqrt(2)
+N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro number
+
+//Calculations
+rho=(n*A)/((a*r*10**-9)**3*N)
+
+//Result
+printf('Density of iron =%0.3fkg/m**-3",rho)
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a2e4af5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Initialisation of variables
+clc
+
+d=((1.98)*10**-29)*1/3; //dipole moment
+b=(0.92); //bond length
+EC=d/(b*10**-10); //Effective charge
+
+//Result
+printf('Effective charge =%0.2f *10**-29 coulomb',((EC*10**19)))
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..825f9c767 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Initialisation of variables
+clc
+
+A=1.748 //Madelung Constant
+N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro Number
+e=1.6*10**-19
+n=9.5
+r=(0.324*10**-9)*10**3
+E=8.85*10**-12
+//Calculations
+U=((N*A*(e)**2)/(4*%pi*E*r))*(1-1/n) //Cohesive energy
+
+//Result
+printf('Cohesive energy =%0.2f *10**3 kJ/kmol \n",(U/10**3))
+printf('//Answer varies due to rounding of numbers')
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..896e67c9b --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//variable declaration
+I=5; //Ionisation energy
+A=4; //Electron Affinity
+e=(1.6*10**-19)
+E=8.85*10**-12 //epsilon constant
+r=0.5*10**-19 //dist between A and B
+
+//Calculations
+C=-(e**2/(4*%pi*E*r*e))/10**10 //Coulomb energy
+E_c=I-A+C //Energy required
+
+//Result
+printf('Coulomb energy =%0.2f eV\n',C)
+printf('Energy required =%0.2f eV',E_c')
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f5c737f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//variable declaration
+I=5.14; //Ionization energy
+A=3.65; //Electron Affinity
+e=(1.6*10**-19);
+E=8.85*10**-12;
+//calculations
+E_c=I-A //Energy required
+r=e**2/(4*%pi*E*E_c*e) //Distance of separation
+
+//Result
+printf('Energy required=%0.2f eV \n",E_c)
+printf('Distance of separation =%0.2f Angstrom",r/10**-10)
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07ec4881c --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//variable declaration
+I=5.14; //Ionization energy
+A=3.65; //Electron Affinity
+e=(1.6*10**-19);
+E=8.85*10**-12;
+r=236*10**-12;
+
+//Calculations
+E_c=I-A //Energy required
+C=-(e**2/(4*%pi*E*r*e)) //Potentential energy in eV
+BE=-(E_c+C) //Bond Energy
+//Result
+printf('Energy required= %0.2f eV\n",E_c)
+printf('Energy required =%0.1f eV\n",C)
+printf('Bond Energy =%0.2f eV",BE)
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4e6c370f --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//variable declaration
+d=2.351 //bond lenght
+N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro number
+n=8 //number of atoms in unit cell
+A=28.09 //Atomin mass of silicon
+m=6.02*10**26 //1mole
+
+//Calculations
+a=(4*d)/sqrt(3)
+p=(n*A)/((a*10**-10)*m) //density
+
+//Result
+printf('a=%0.2fAngstorm\n',a)
+printf('density =%0.2f kg/m**3\n',(p*10**16))
+printf("//Answer given in the textbook is wrong")
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4dbabe486 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+
+
+//Calculation
+a1=4/sqrt(3);
+R1=(a1/2)-1; //radius of largest sphere
+a2=4/sqrt(2);
+R2=(a2/2)-1; //maximum radius of sphere
+
+//Result
+printf('radius of largest sphere is %f*r\n',R1)
+printf('maximum radius of sphere is %f*r',R2 )
diff --git a/3651/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3651/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84e605e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//variable declaration
+r1=1.258 //Atomic radius of BCC
+r2=1.292 //Atomic radius of FCC
+
+//calculations
+a1=(4*r1)/sqrt(3) //in BCC
+b1=((a1)**3)*10**-30 //Unit cell volume
+v1=(b1)/2 //Volume occupied by one atom
+a2=2*sqrt(2)*r2 //in FCC
+b2=(a2)**3*10**-30 //Unit cell volume
+v2=(b2)/4 //Volume occupied by one atom
+v_c=((v1)-(v2))*100/(v1) //Volume Change in %
+d_c=((v1)-(v2))*100/(v2) //Density Change in %
+
+//Results
+printf('a1=%0.3f Angstrom\n\n',(a1))
+printf('Unit cell volume =a1**3 =%0.3f *10**-30 m**3\n',((b1)/10**-30))
+printf('Volume occupied by one atom =%0.2f *10**-30 m**3\n',(v1/10**-30))
+printf('a2=%0.2f\n Angstorm\n',(a2))
+printf('Unit cell volume =a2**3 =%0.3f *10**-30 m**3\n',((b2)/10**-30))
+printf('Volume occupied by one atom =%0.3f*10**-30 m**3\n',(v2/10**-30))
+printf('Volume Change in percentage =%0.3f\n',(v_c))
+printf('Density Change in percentage =%0.3f\n',(d_c))
+printf('Thus the increase of density or the decrease of volume is about 0.5 percentage")
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3f1c6182 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=mulf('2','R')
+
+//Results
+printf('i.Number of atoms per unit area of (100)plane= 1/(%d*R**2) ",2**2)
+printf('\nii.Number of atoms per unit area of (110)plane=%f*R**2",2**2/(sqrt(2)))
+printf('\niii.Number of atoms per unit area of (111)plane=%f*R**2",2**2/(sqrt(3)))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98cdba887 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.58
+theta=9.5*%pi/180
+n=1
+d=0.5 //d200=a/sqrt(2**2+0**2+0**2)=0.5a
+//Calculations
+a=n*lamda/(2*d*sin(theta)) //2*d*sin(theta)=n*lamda
+
+//Result
+printf('a =%0.3f Angstorms\n',(a))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79d5e83a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +
+clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.842
+n1=1
+q=(8+(35/60))*(%pi/180)
+n2=3
+d=1
+//Calculations
+//n*lamda=2*d*sin(theta)
+//n1*0.842=2*d*sin(q)
+//n3*0.842=2*d*sin(theta3)
+//Dividing both the eauations, we get
+//(n2*lamda)/(n1*lamda)=2*d*sin(theta3)/2*d*sin(q)
+theta3=asin((((n2*lamda)/(n1*lamda))*(2*d*sin(q)))/(2*d))
+d=theta3*180/%pi;
+a_d=int(d);
+a_m=(d-int(d))*60
+
+//Result
+printf('sin(theta3) =%0.3f %0.3f',a_d,a_m)
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a050e281 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+//Variable declaration
+a=3.16
+lamda=1.54
+n=1
+theta=20.3*%pi/180
+
+//Calculations
+d=(n*lamda)/(2*sin(theta))
+x=a/d //let sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2)=x
+
+//Result
+printf('d =%0.3f Angstorms\n',(d))
+printf('sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) =%0.3f \n',(x))
+printf('Therefore, h**2+k**2+l**2 =sqrt(2)\n')
+printf('h =1, k=1')
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aefdc3193 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n=4
+A=107.87
+rho=10500
+N=6.02*10**26
+h=1;
+k=1;
+l=1;
+H=6.625*10**-34
+e=1.6*10**-19
+theta=(19+(12/60))*%pi/180
+C=3*10**8
+//Calculations
+a=((n*A)/(rho*N))**(1/3)*10**10
+d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2)
+lamda=2*d*sin(theta)
+E=(H*C)/(lamda*10**-10*e)
+
+//Result
+printf('a =%0.3f Angstroms \n',(a))
+printf('d =%0.3f Angstroms\n',(d))
+printf('lamda =%0.3f Angstroms\n',(lamda))
+printf('E =%0.3f *10**3 eV\n',(E/10**3))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c26ba4822 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+a=4.57
+h=1
+k=1
+l=1
+lamda=1.52
+twotheta=33.5*%pi/180
+r=5 //radius
+//Calculations
+d=a/(h**2+k**2+l**2)**(1/2)
+sintheta=lamda/(2*d)
+X=r/tan(twotheta)
+
+//Result
+printf('d =%0.3f Angstorms\n',(d))
+printf('sin(theta)=%0.3f \n',(sintheta))
+printf('X =%0.3f cm\n',(X))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce59e8d45 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=3.61*10**-7
+BC=sqrt(2)/2
+AD=(sqrt(6))/2
+//Result
+printf('i.Surface area of the face ABCD =%0.3f*10**-14 mm**2\n",(a**2*10**14))
+printf('ii.Surface area of plane (110) =%0.3f*10**13 atoms/mm**2\n",((2/(a*sqrt(2)*a)/10**13)))
+printf('iii.Surface area of pane(111)=%0.3f*10**13 atoms/mm**2",(2/(BC*AD*a**2)*10**-13))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a261adbd --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +h1=1
+k1=0
+l1=0
+h2=1
+k2=1
+l2=0
+h3=1
+k3=1
+l3=1
+a=1
+
+//Calculations
+d1=a/(sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2))
+d2=a/(sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2))
+d3=a/(sqrt(h3**2+k3**2+l3**2))
+
+//Result
+printf('d1 =%0.2f\n",d1 )
+printf('d2 =%0.2f\n",(d2))
+printf('d3 =%0.2f\n",(d3))
+printf('d1:d2:d3 =%0.2f:%0.2f:%0.2f",d1,(d2),d3)
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29263b468 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+h=2
+k=2
+l=0
+a=450
+
+//Calculations
+d=a/(sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2))
+
+//Result
+printf('d(220) =%0.3fpm\n',(d))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7797115bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +
+clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+a=3.615
+r=1.278
+h=1
+k=1
+l=1
+
+//Calculations
+a=(4*r)/sqrt(2)
+d=a/(sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2))
+
+//Result
+printf('a =%0.3fAngstroms\n',(a))
+printf('d =%0.3fAngstroms\n',(d))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b3fc789a --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+n=1
+lamda=1.54
+theta=32*%pi/180
+h=2
+k=2
+l=0
+
+//Calculations
+d=(n*lamda*10**-10)/(2*sin(theta)) //derived from 2dsin(theta)=n*l
+a=d*(sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2))
+
+//Results
+printf('d =%0.3f *10**-10 m\n',(d*10**10))
+printf('a =%0.3f *10**-10 m\n',(a*10**10))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d85f9a1db --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.58
+theta1=6.45*%pi/180
+theta2=9.15*%pi/180
+theta3=13*%pi/180
+
+//Calculations
+dbyn1=lamda/(2*(sin(theta1)))
+dbyn2=lamda/(2*sin(theta2))
+dbyn3=lamda/(2*sin(theta3))
+
+//Results
+printf('i. d/n =%0.3f Angstroms\n',(dbyn1))
+printf('ii. d/n =%0.3f Angstroms\n',(dbyn2))
+printf('iii.d/n =%0.3f Angstroms\n',(dbyn3))
diff --git a/3651/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3651/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0b3ac401 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+
+
+
+//Variable declaration
+d=1.18
+theta=90*%pi/180
+lamda=1.540
+
+//Calculations
+n=(2*d*sin(theta))/lamda
+
+//Result
+printf('n =%0.3f \n',(n))
diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aee0009f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+N=6.023*10**26
+deltaHv=120
+B=1.38*10**-23
+k=6.023*10**23
+
+//Calculations
+n0=0 // 0 in denominator
+n300=N*exp(-deltaHv*10**3/(k*B*300)) //The number of vacancies per kilomole of copper
+n900=N*exp(-(deltaHv*10**3)/(k*B*900))
+
+//Results
+printf('at 0K, The number of vacancies per kilomole of copper is %0.3f' ,n0)
+printf('at 300K, The number of vacancies per kilomole of copper is %0.3f *10**5\n',(n300/10**5))
+printf('at 900K, The numb ber of vacancies per kilomole of copper is %0.3f *10**19\n',(n900/10**19))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.10/10.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7002e7cf --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Variable declaration
+i=1*10**-10; //interval
+L=10*10**-10; //width
+
+//Calculations
+si2=2*i/L;
+
+//Result
+printf('si**2 delta(x)=%0.3f ' ,si2)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.11/11.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bc122469 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Variable declaration
+nx=1
+ny=1
+nz=1
+a=1
+h=6.63*10**-34
+m=9.1*10**-31
+
+//Calculations
+E1=h**2*(nx**2+ny**2+nz**2)/(8*m*a**2)
+E2=(h**2*6)/(8*m*a**2) //nx**2+ny**2+nz**2=6
+diff=E2-E1
+//Result
+printf('E1 =%0.3f *10**-37 Joule \n ',(E1*10**37))
+printf('E2 =%0.3f *10**-37 Joule \n ',(E2*10**37))
+printf('E2-E1 =%0.3f *10**-37 J \n ',(diff*10**37))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.12/12.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8243cc247 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Variable declaration
+m=1.67*10**-27
+a=10**-14
+h=1.054*10**-34
+
+//Calculations
+E1=(1*%pi*h)**2/(2*m*a**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('E1 =%0.3f *10**-13 J \n ',(E1*10**13))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.13/13.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.13/13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ec8a3eff --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Variable declarations
+k=1;
+
+//Calculations
+
+a=integrate('2*k*exp(-2*k*x)','x',2/k,3/k)
+//Result
+printf('a=%0.3f \n ',(a))
diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80b44eaf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+F_500=1*10**-10
+
+T1=500+273
+T2=1000+273
+
+
+//Calculations
+lnx=log(F_500)*T1/T2;
+x=exp(lnx)
+
+printf('Fraction of vacancies at 1000 degrees C =%0.3f *10**-7\n',(x*10**7))
diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abbee5859 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+a=(2*2.82*10**-10)
+delta_Hs=1.971*1.6*10**-19
+k=1.38*10**-23
+T=300
+e=2.718281
+//Calculations
+V=a**3 //Volume of unit cell of NaCl
+N=4/V //Total number of ion pairs
+n=N*e**-(delta_Hs/(2*k*T))
+
+//Result
+printf('Volume of unit cell of NaCl =%0.3f *10**-28 m**3 \n',(V*10**28))
+printf('Total number of ion pairs N =%0.3f *10**28\n',(N/10**28))
+printf('The concentration of Schottky defects per m**3 at 300K =%0.3f *10**11\n',(n/10**11))
diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59149e267 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Variable declaration
+N=6.023*10**23
+delta_Hv=1.6*10**-19
+k=1.38*10**-23
+T=500
+mv=5.55; //molar volume
+x=2*10**-8; //numbber of cm in 1 angstrom
+
+//Calculations
+n=N*exp(-delta_Hv/(k*T))/mv
+a=(n/(5*10**7*10**6))*x;
+
+//Result
+printf('The number that must be created on heating from 0 to 500K is n=%0.3f *10**12 per cm**3\n',(n/10**12)) //into cm**3
+printf('As one step is 2 Angstorms, 5*10**7 vacancies are required for 1cm')
+printf('The amount of climb down by the dislocation is %0.3f cm',a*10**8)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0ff96ccb --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Variable declaration
+KE=10 //Kinetic Energy of neutron in keV
+m=1.675*10**-27
+h=6.625*10**-34
+//Calculations
+KE=10**4*1.6*10**-19 //in joule
+v=((2*KE)/m)**(1/2) //derived from KE=1/2*m*v**2
+lamda=h/(m*v)
+//Results
+printf('Velocity =%0.3f *10**6 m/s \n ',(v/10**6))
+printf('Wavelength =%0.3f Angstorm \n ',(lamda*10**10))
diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6cca4249 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+E=2*1000*1.6*10**-19 //in joules
+m=9.1*10**-31
+h=6.6*10*10**-34
+
+//Calculations
+p=sqrt(2*m*E)
+lamda= h/p
+
+//Result
+printf('Momentum%0.3f \n ',(p*10**23))
+printf('de Brolie wavelength =%0.3f *10**-11 m \n ',(lamda*10**10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.7/7.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e1611fe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+M=1.676*10**-27 //Mass of neutron
+m=0.025
+v=1.602*10**-19
+h=6.62*10**-34
+
+//Calculations
+mv=(2*m*v)**(1/2)
+lamda=h/(mv*M**(1/2))
+
+//Result
+printf('wavelength =%0.3f Angstorm \n ',(lamda*10**10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.8/8.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9c37369e --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Variable declaration
+V=10000
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=12.26/sqrt(V)
+
+//Result
+printf('Wavelength =%0.3f Angstorm' ,lamda)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH3/EX3.9/9.sce b/3651/CH3/EX3.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..386932394 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH3/EX3.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge of electron(coulomb)
+L=10**-10 //1Angstrom=10**-10 m
+n1=1;
+n2=2;
+n3=3;
+h=6.626*10**-34
+m=9.1*10**-31
+L=10**-10
+
+//Calculations
+E1=(h**2)/(8*m*L**2*e)
+E2=4*E1
+E3=9*E1
+//Result
+printf('The permitted electron energies =%0.3f *n**2 eV \n ',(E1))
+printf('E1=%0.3f eV \n ',(E1))
+printf('E2=%0.3f eV \n ',(E2))
+printf('E3=%0.3f eV \n ',(E3))
+printf('//Answer varies due to ing of numbers")
diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fcf02c588 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +
+
+//Variable declaration
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+nx=1;
+ny=1
+nz=1
+n=6;
+a=1; //edge(m)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+k=1.38
+//Calculation
+E1=h**2*(nx**2+ny**2+nz**2)/(8*m*a**2);
+E2=h**2*n/(8*m*a**2);
+E=E2-E1; //energy difference(J)
+T=(2*E2*10**37)/(3*k*10**-23)
+//Result
+printf('energy difference is%0.3f *10**-37 J \n ',(E*10**37))
+printf('3/2*k*T = E2 =%0.3f *10**-37 J \n ',(E2*10**37))
+printf('T =%0.3f *10**-14 K \n ',(T/10**23))
diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.10/10.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe752c767 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Variable declaration
+rho1=1.2*10**-8
+p1=0.4
+rho2=0.12*10**-8
+p2=0.5
+rho3=1.5*10**-8
+//Calculations
+R=(rho1*p1)+(rho2*p2)
+R_c=R+rho3
+
+//Results
+printf('Increase in resistivity in copper =%0.3f *10**-8 ohm m \n ',(R*10**8))
+printf('Total resistivity of copper alloy =%0.3f *10**-8 ohm m \n ',(R_c*10**8))
+printf('The resistivity of alloy at 3K =%0.3f *10**-8 ohm m \n ',(R*10**8))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.2/2.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0ad56714 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+y=1/100; //percentage of probability
+x=0.5*1.6*10**-19; //energy(J)
+k=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+
+//Calculation
+xbykT=log((1/y)-1);
+T=x/(k*xbykT); //temperature(K)
+
+//Result
+printf('temperature is %0.3f K ',int(T))
+printf('answer varies due to ing off errors')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff7aaf8fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+d=970; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number
+w=23; //atomic weight
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.62*10**-34; //planck's constant
+
+//Calculation
+N=d*Na/w; //number of atoms/m**3
+x=h**2/(8*m);
+y=(3*N/%pi)**(2/3)
+EF=x*y; //fermi energy(J)
+
+//Result
+printf('fermi energy is %0.3f eV \n ',(EF/(1.6*10**-19)))
diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e98c58df --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Variable declaration
+kT=1;
+E_EF=1;
+
+//Calculations
+p_E=1/(1+exp(E_EF/kT))
+
+//Result
+printf('p(E) =%0.3f \n ',(p_E))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c225cc36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declarations
+m=9.1*10**-31
+h=6.626*10**-34
+Ef=3.1
+Ef1=Ef+0.02
+e=1.6*10**-19
+//Calculations
+
+ N=integrate('%pi*((8*m)**(3/2))*(E**(1/2)*e**(3/2))/(2*(h**3))','E',Ef,Ef1)
+
+//Result
+printf('N =%0.3f *10**26 states \n ',(N*10**-26))
diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4ce0e2e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Variable declaration
+N=6.023*10**26 //Avagadro number
+D=8960 //density
+F_e=1 //no.of free electrons per atom
+W=63.54 //Atomic weight
+i=10
+e=1.602*10**-19
+m=9.1*10**-31
+rho=2*10**-8
+Cbar=1.6*10**6 //mean thermal velocity(m/s)
+
+//Calculations
+n=(N*D*F_e)/W
+A=%pi*0.08**2*10**-4
+Vd=i/(A*n*e) //Drift speed
+Tc=m/(n*(e**2)*rho)
+lamda=Tc*Cbar
+
+//Result
+printf('n =%0.3f *10**28 /m**3 \n ',(n/10**28))
+printf('The drift speed Vd =%0.3f *10**-5 m/s \n ',(Vd*10**5))
+printf('The mean free collision time Tc =%0.3f *10**-14 seconds \n ',(Tc*10**14))
+printf('Mean free path =%0.3f *10**-8 m""(answer varies due to ing off errors) \n ',(lamda*10**8))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.7/7.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0dfb5c12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Variable declaration
+n=8.5*10**28
+e=1.602*10**-19
+t=2*10**-14
+m=9.1*10**-31
+
+//Calculations
+Tc=n*(e**2)*t/m
+
+//Result
+printf('The mean free collision time =%0.3f *10**7 ohm**-1 m**-1 \n ',(Tc/10**7))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.8/8.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6ac49552 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19
+E=1 //(V/m)
+rho=1.54*10**-8
+n=5.8*10**28
+m=9.1*10**-31
+//Calculations
+T=m/(rho*n*e**2)
+Me=(e*T)/m
+Vd=Me*E
+
+//Result
+printf('Relaxation time =%0.3f *10**-14 second \n ',(T*10**14))
+printf('Mobility =%0.3f *10**-3 m**2/volt-s \n ',(Me*10**3))
+printf('Drift Velocity=%0.3f m/s \n ',(Vd*100))
diff --git a/3651/CH4/EX4.9/9.sce b/3651/CH4/EX4.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..393ab7cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH4/EX4.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+rho_r=0
+T=300
+rho=1.7*10**-18
+
+//Calculations
+a=rho/T
+rho_973=a*973
+
+//Results
+printf('Temperature coefficient of resistivity,a =%0.3f \n ',(a*10**21))
+printf('rho_973 =%0.3f *10**-8 ohm-m \n ',(rho_973*10**18))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af657fccb --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Variable declaration
+rho=5*10**16; //resistivity(ohm m)
+l=5*10**-2; //thickness(m)
+b=8*10**-2; //length(m)
+w=3*10**-2; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+A=b*w; //area(m**2)
+Rv=rho*l/A;
+X=l+b; //length(m)
+Y=w; //perpendicular(m)
+Rs=Rv*X/Y;
+Ri=Rs*Rv/(Rs+Rv); //insulation resistance(ohm)
+
+printf('insulation resistance is %0.3f *10**18 ohm',(Ri/10**18))
+printf('answer varies due to rounding off errors')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.10/10.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e7972742 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Variable declaration
+A=94; //area(m**2)
+vy=0.1; //value of length(weber/m**2)
+vx=20; //value of unit length
+n=50; //number of magnetization cycles
+d=7650; //density(kg/m**3)
+
+//Calculation
+h=A*vy*vx; //hysteresis loss per cycle(J/m**3)
+hs=h*n; //hysteresis loss per second(watt/m**3)
+pl=hs/d; //power loss(watt/kg)
+
+//Result
+printf('hysteresis loss per cycle is %0.3f J/m**3 \n',h)
+printf('hysteresis loss per second is %0.3f watt/m**3 \n',hs)
+printf('power loss is %0.3f watt/kg\n',(pl))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d39d686a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.84*10**-12;
+R=0.55*10**-10; //radius(m)
+N=2.7*10**25; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculation
+alpha_e=4*%pi*epsilon0*R**3; //polarisability of He(farad m**2)
+epsilonr=1+(N*alpha_e/epsilon0); //relative permittivity
+
+//Result
+printf('polarisability of He is %0.3f *10**-40 farad m**2\n',(alpha_e*10**40))
+printf('relative permittivity is %0.3f \n',(epsilonr))
+printf('answer varies due to ing off errors')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69f4defb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Variable declaration
+A=360*10**-4; //area(m**2)
+V=15; //voltage(V)
+C=6*10**-6; //capacitance(farad)
+epsilonr=8;
+epsilon0=8.84*10**-12;
+
+//Calculation
+E=V*C/(epsilon0*epsilonr*A); //field strength(V/m)
+dm=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)*V*A; //total dipole moment(Cm)
+
+//Result
+printf('field strength is %0.3f *10**7 V/m\n',(E/10**7))
+printf('total dipole moment is %0.3f *10**-12 Cm\n',(dm*10**12))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..000b90a2e --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+epsilonr=4.36; //dielectric constant
+t=2.8*10**-2; //loss tangent(t)
+N=4*10**28; //number of electrons
+epsilon0=8.84*10**-12;
+
+//Calculation
+epsilon_r = epsilonr*t;
+epsilonstar = (complex(epsilonr,-epsilon_r));
+alphastar = (epsilonstar-1)/(epsilonstar+2);
+alpha_star = 3*epsilon0*alphastar/N; //complex polarizability(Fm**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('the complex polarizability is %0.3f *10**-40 F-m**2 \n',alpha_star*10**40)
+printf('answer cant be rouned off to 2 decimals as given in the textbook. Since it is a complex number and complex cant be converted to float')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..744c982ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Variable declaration
+El=10**-2*50; //energy loss(J)
+H=El*60; //heat produced(J)
+d=7.7*10**3; //iron rod(kg/m**3)
+s=0.462*10**-3; //specific heat(J/kg K)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=H/(d*s); //temperature rise(K)
+
+//Result
+printf('temperature rise is %0.3f K \n',(theta))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d7ef0e13 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge(coulomb)
+new=6.8*10**15; //frequency(revolutions per second)
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+R=5.1*10**-11; //radius(m)
+
+//Calculation
+i=(e*new); //current(ampere)
+B=mew0*i/(2*R); //magnetic field at the centre(weber/m**2)
+A=%pi*R**2;
+d=i*A; //dipole moment(ampere/m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('magnetic field at the centre is %0.3f weber/m**2\n',(B))
+printf('dipole moment is %0.3f *10**-24 ampere/m**2\n',(d*10**24))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.7/7.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f016dc5e --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+chi=0.5*10**-5; //magnetic susceptibility
+H=10**6; //field strength(ampere/m)
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+
+//Calculation
+I=chi*H; //intensity of magnetisation(ampere/m)
+B=mew0*(I+H); //flux density in material(weber/m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('intensity of magnetisation is %0.3f ampere/m \n',I)
+printf('flux density in material is %0.3f weber/m**2 \n',(B))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.8/8.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8e02205e --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+B=9.27*10**-24; //bohr magneton(ampere m**2)
+a=2.86*10**-10; //edge(m)
+Is=1.76*10**6; //saturation value of magnetisation(ampere/m)
+
+//Calculation
+N=2/a**3;
+mew_bar=Is/N; //number of Bohr magnetons(ampere m**2)
+mew_bar=mew_bar/B; //number of Bohr magnetons(bohr magneon/atom)
+
+//Result
+printf('number of Bohr magnetons is %0.3f bohr magneon/atom\n',(mew_bar))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH5/EX5.9/9.sce b/3651/CH5/EX5.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aad8a9a90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH5/EX5.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+H=9.27*10**-24; //bohr magneton(ampere m**2)
+beta=10**6; //field(ampere/m)
+k=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T=303; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+mm=mew0*H*beta/(k*T); //average magnetic moment(bohr magneton/spin)
+
+//Result
+printf('average magnetic moment is %0.3f *10**-3 bohr magneton/spin\n',(mm*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8d453386 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Variable declaration
+ni1=2.5*10**19; //number of electron hole pairs
+T1=300; //temperature(K)
+Eg1=0.72*1.6*10**-19; //energy gap(J)
+k=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T2=310; //temperature(K)
+Eg2=1.12*1.6*10**-19; //energy gap(J)
+
+//Calculation
+x1=-Eg1/(2*k*T1);
+y1=(T1**(3/2))*exp(x1);
+x2=-Eg2/(2*k*T2);
+y2=(T2**(3/2))*exp(x2);
+ni=ni1*(y2/y1); //number of electron hole pairs
+
+//Result
+printf('number of electron hole pairs is %0.3f *10**16 per cubic metre \n',(ni/10**16))
+printf('answer varies due to ing off errors')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24099ea53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+m=9.1*10**-31
+k=1.38*10**-23
+T=300
+h=6.626*10**-34
+Eg=1.1
+e=1.6*10**-19
+mu_e=0.48
+mu_h=0.013
+//Calculations
+ni=2*((2*%pi*m*k*T)/h**2)**(3/2)*exp(-(Eg*e)/(2*k*T))
+sigma=ni*e*(mu_e+mu_h)
+
+//Result
+printf('Conductivity = %0.3f *10**-3 ohm**-1 m**-1 \n',(sigma*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.11/11.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4798b1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Variable declaration
+Na=5*10**23
+Nd=3*10**23
+ni=2*10**16
+//Calculations
+p=((Na-Nd)+(Na-Nd))/2
+
+//Result
+printf('p = %0.3f *10**23 m**-3 \n',p*10**-23)
+printf('The electron concentration is given by n = %0.3f *10**9 m**-3 \n',ni**2/p*10**-9)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..219717bec --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Vh=37*10**-6
+thick=1*10**-3
+width=5
+Iy=20*10**-3
+Bz=0.5
+
+//Calculations
+Rh=(Vh*width*thick)/(width*Iy*Bz)
+
+//Result
+printf('Rh = %0.3f *10**-6 C**-1 m**3 \n',(Rh*10**6))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.13/13.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.13/13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78d593d1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Vt=0.0258
+mu_n=1300
+mu_p=500
+
+//Calculations
+Dn=Vt*mu_n
+Dp=Vt*mu_p
+
+//Result
+printf('Dn = %0.3f cm**2 s**-1 \n',Dn)
+printf('Dp = %0.3f cm**2 s**-1 \n',Dp)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.14/14.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.14/14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bd13128e --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+ni=1.5*10**16
+Nd=2*10**19
+e=1.602*100**-19
+mu_n=0.12
+
+//Calculations
+p=ni**2/Nd
+E_c=e*Nd*mu_n
+
+//Result
+printf('The hole concentration p = %0.3f *10**13 /m**3 \n',(p*10**-13))
+printf('n= Nd = %0.3f *10**19 \n',(Nd*10**-19))
+printf('Electrical Conductivity = %0.3f ohm**-1 m**-1 \n',(E_c*10**19))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.15/15.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.15/15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a485872b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.15/15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+N=1/60
+e=1.6*10**-19
+ni=2.5*10**13
+b=5*10**13
+E=2
+
+//Calculations
+n=(b+sqrt(2*b**2))/2
+mu_p=N/(3*e*ni)
+mu_i=2*mu_p
+np=ni**2
+p=(ni**2)/n
+e=1.6*10**-19
+E=2
+J=(e*E)*((n*mu_i)+(p*mu_p))
+//Result
+printf('mu_p= %0.3f cm**2/V-s \n',(mu_p))
+printf('n= %0.3f *10**13/cm**3 \n',(n/10**13))
+printf('p= %0.3f *10**13/cm**3 \n',(p*10**-13))
+printf('J= %0.3f A/m**2 \n',(J*10**4))
+printf('//Answer varies due to ing of numbers')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.16/16.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.16/16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2853f1e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.16/16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+rho=47*10**-2
+e=1.6*10**-19
+mu_n=0.39
+mu_p=0.19
+E=10**4
+
+//Calculations
+ni=1/(rho*e*(mu_n+mu_p))
+Dh=mu_p*E
+De=mu_n*E
+
+//Results
+printf('ni = %0.3f *10**19 /m**3 \n',(ni/10**19))
+printf('Drift velocity of holes %0.3f ms**-1 \n',Dh)
+printf('Drift velocity of electrons= %0.3f ms**-1 \n',De)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.17/17.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.17/17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63dc3ec29 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.17/17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Variable declaration
+H0=64*10**3; //initial field(ampere/m)
+T=5; //temperature(K)
+Tc=7.26; //transition temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+H=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); //critical field(ampere/m)
+
+//Result
+printf('critical field is %0.3f *10**3 ampere/m \n',(H/10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.18/18.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.18/18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23d2c3241 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.18/18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19
+V=1*10
+h=6.625*10**-34
+
+//Calculations
+v=(2*e*V**-3)/h
+
+//Result
+printf('Frequency of generated microwaves= %0.3f *10**9 Hz \n',(v/10**9))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.19/19.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.19/19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b924cae36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.19/19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Variable declaration
+d=7300 //density in (kg/m**3)
+N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro Number
+A=118.7 //Atomic Weight
+E=1.9 //Effective mass
+e=1.6*10**-19
+
+//Calculations
+n=(d*N)/A
+m=E*9.1*10**-31
+x=4*%pi*10**-7*n*e**2
+lamda_L=sqrt(m/x)
+
+//Result
+printf('Number of electrons per unit volume = %0.3f *10**28/m**3 \n',(n/10**28))
+printf('Effective mass of electron m = %0.3f *10*-31 kg \n',(m*10**31))
+printf('Penetration depth = %0.3f Angstroms \n',lamda_L*10**8)
+printf('//The answer given in the text book is wrong')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..434606dd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Variable declaration
+w=72.6; //atomic weight
+d=5400; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.025*10**26; //avagadro number
+mew_e=0.4; //mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)
+mew_h=0.2; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.108*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+ni=2.1*10**19; //number of electron hole pairs
+Eg=0.7; //band gap(eV)
+k=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+h=6.625*10**-34; //plancks constant
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+sigmab=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); //intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)
+rhob=1/sigmab; //resistivity(ohm m)
+n=Na*d/w; //number of germanium atoms per m**3
+p=n/10**5; //boron density
+sigma=p*e*mew_h;
+rho=1/sigma;
+
+//Result
+printf('intrinsic conductivity is %0.3f *10**4 ohm-1 m-1 \n',(sigma/10**4))
+printf('intrinsic resistivity is %0.3f *10**-4 ohm m \n',(rho*10**4))
+printf('answer varies due to ing off errors')
+printf('number of germanium atoms per m**3 is %0.3f *10**28 \n',(n/10**28))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.20/20.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.20/20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44470f0e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.20/20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda_L1=39.6*10**-9
+lamda_L2=173*10**-9
+T1=7.1
+T2=3
+
+//Calculations
+x=(lamda_L1/lamda_L2)**2
+Tc4=(T1**4)-((T2**4)*x)/(1-x)
+Tc=(Tc4)**(1/4)
+printf('Tc = %0.3f K \n',(Tc))
+printf('lamda0= %0.3f nm \n',((sqrt(1-(T2/Tc)**4)*lamda_L1)*10**9))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.21/21.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.21/21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e248de8b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.21/21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+H0=6.5*10**4 //(ampere/metre)
+T=4.2 //K
+Tc=7.18 //K
+r=0.5*10**-3
+
+//Calculations
+Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2)
+Ic=(2*%pi*r)*Hc
+A=%pi*r**2
+Jc=Ic/A //Critical current density
+
+//Result
+printf('Hc = %0.3f *10**4 \n',(Hc/10**4))
+printf('Critical current density,Jc = %0.3f *10**8 ampere/metre**2 \n',(Jc/10**8))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.22/22.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.22/22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d86b7187 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.22/22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Tc1=4.185
+M1=199.5
+M2=203.4
+
+//Calculations
+Tc2=Tc1*(M1/M2)**(1/2)
+
+//Result
+printf('New critical temperature for mercury = %0.3f K \n',(Tc2))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd2ec451d --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+RH=3.66*10**-4; //hall coefficient(m**3/coulomb)
+sigma=112; //conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)
+
+//Calculation
+ne=3*%pi/(8*RH*e); //charge carrier density(per m**3)
+mew_e=sigma/(e*ne); //electron mobility(m**2/Vs)
+
+//Result
+printf('charge carrier density is %0.3f *10**22 per m**3 \n',int(ne/10**22))
+printf('electron mobility is %0.3f m**2/Vs \n',(mew_e))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd207c663 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Variable declaration
+mew_e=0.13; //mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)
+mew_h=0.05; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+ni=1.5*10**16; //number of electron hole pairs
+N=5*10**28;
+
+//Calculation
+sigma1=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); //intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)
+ND=N/10**8;
+n=ni**2/ND;
+sigma2=ND*e*mew_e; //conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)
+sigma3=ND*e*mew_h; //conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)
+
+//Result
+printf('intrinsic conductivity is %0.3f *10**-3 ohm-1 m-1 %0.3f \n',(sigma1*10**3),sigma2)
+printf('conductivity during donor impurity is %0.3f ohm-1 m-1 \n',sigma2)
+printf('conductivity during acceptor impurity is %0.3f ohm-1 m-1',int(sigma3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a8b521c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+Eg=0.72; //band gap(eV)
+k=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T1=293; //temperature(K)
+T2=313; //temperature(K)
+sigma1=2; //conductivity(mho m-1)
+
+//Calculation
+x=(Eg*e/(2*k))*((1/T1)-(1/T2));
+y=(x/2.303);
+z=(log10(sigma1));
+log_sigma2=y+z;
+sigma2=10**log_sigma2; //conductivity(mho m-1)
+
+//Result
+printf('conductivity is %0.3f mho m-1 \n',(sigma2))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1527c2ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Variable declaration
+ni=1.5*10**16
+mu_n=1300*10**-4
+mu_p=500*10**-4
+e=1.6*10**-19
+sigma=3*10**4
+
+//Calculations
+//Concentration in N-type
+n1=sigma/(e*mu_n)
+p1=ni**2/n1
+//Concentration in P-type
+p=sigma/(e*mu_p)
+n2=(ni**2)/p
+
+//Result
+printf('a)Concentration in N-type\n ')
+printf('n = %0.3f *10**24 m**-3 \n',(n1*10**-24))
+printf('Hence p = %0.3f *10**8 m**-3 \n',(p1/10**8))
+printf('b)Concentration in P-type\n')
+printf('p = %0.3f *10**24 m**-3 \n',(p/10**24))
+printf('Hence n = %0.3f *10**8 m**-3 \n',(n2/10**8))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3353c9f57 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+i=10**-2
+A=0.01*0.001
+RH=3.66*10**-4
+Bz=0.5
+
+//Calculations
+Jx=i/A
+Ey=RH*(Bz*Jx)
+Vy=Ey*0.01
+
+//Result
+printf('Jx = %0.3f ampere/m**2 \n',Jx)
+printf('Ey = %0.3f V/m \n',(Ey))
+printf('Vy = %0.3f mV \n',(Vy*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42eb4d273 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Variable declaration
+Ev=0
+Ec=1.12
+k=1.38*10**-23
+T=300
+mh=0.28
+mc=0.12
+e=1.6*10**-19
+//Calculations
+Ef=((Ec+Ev)/2)+((3*k*T)/(4*e))*log(mh/mc)
+
+//Result
+printf('Position of fermi level = %0.3f eV \n',(Ef))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce b/3651/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5c3660a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Variable declaration
+ni=2.5*10**19
+mu_e=0.38
+mu_h=0.18
+e=1.6*10**-19
+
+//Calculations
+sigmai=ni*e*(mu_e+mu_h)
+
+//Result
+printf('Conductivity of intrinsic germanium at 300K = %0.3f ohm**-1 m**-1 \n',(sigmai))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce b/3651/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be1078617 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//variable declaration
+r1 = 7; //in radians
+r2 = 3; //in radians
+d1 = 4; //Converting from mm to radians
+d2 = 6; //Converting from mm to radians
+
+//calculations
+D = (r2-r1)/(d2*10**3-d1*10**3) //Divergence
+
+//Result
+printf('Divergence = %0.3f *10**-3 radian \n',(D*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce b/3651/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..529b0d77f --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//variable declaration
+C=3*10**8 //The speed of light
+Lamda=6943 //Wavelength
+T=300 //Temperature in Kelvin
+h=6.626*10**-34 //Planck constant
+k=1.38*10**-23 //Boltzmann's constant
+
+//Calculations
+
+V=(C)/(Lamda*10**-10) //Frequency
+R=exp(h*V/(k*T)) //Relative population
+
+//Result
+printf('Frequency (V) = %0.3f *10**14 Hz \n',(V/10**14))
+printf('Relative Population= %0.3f *10**30 \n',(R/10**30))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce b/3651/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbc298c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+//variable declaration
+C=3*10**8 //Velocity of light
+W=632.8*10**-9 //wavelength
+P=2.3
+t=1
+h=6.626*10**-34 //Planck constant
+S=1*10**-6
+
+//Calculations
+V=C/W //Frequency
+n=((P*10**-3)*t)/(h*V) //no.of photons emitted
+PD=P*10**-3/S //Power density
+
+//Result
+printf('Frequency= %0.3f *10**14 Hz \n',(V/10**14))
+printf('no.of photons emitted= %0.3f *10**15 photons/sec \n',(n/10**15))
+printf('Power density = %0.3f kWm**-2 \n',(PD/1000))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce b/3651/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f7c12249 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//variable declaration
+h=6.626*10**-34 //Planck constant
+C=3*10**8 //Velocity of light
+E_g=1.44 //bandgap
+
+//calculations
+lamda=(h*C)*10**10/(E_g*1.6*10**-19) //Wavelenght
+
+//Result
+printf('Wavelenght = %0.3f Angstrom \n',(lamda))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce b/3651/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e1073ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+//variable declaration
+W=1.55 //wavelength
+
+//Calculations
+E_g=(1.24)/W //Bandgap in eV
+
+//Result
+printf('Band gap = %0.3f eV \n',E_g)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX1.1/1.sce b/3651/CH8/EX1.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f02bf8cfd --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX1.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//variable declaration
+n1=1.50 //Core refractive index
+n2=1.47 //Cladding refractive index
+
+//Calculations
+C_a=asin(n2/n1) //Critical angle
+N_a=(n1**2-n2**2)**(1/2)
+A_a=asin(N_a)
+
+//Results
+printf('The Critical angle =%0.3f degrees\n',(C_a*180/%pi))
+printf('The numerical aperture =%0.3f \n',(N_a))
+printf('The acceptance angle =%0.3f degrees\n',(A_a*180/%pi))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..781d2a190 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//variable declaration
+n1=1.53
+delta=0.0196
+
+//Calculations
+N_a=n1*(2*delta)**(1/2)
+A_a=asin(N_a)
+//Result
+printf('Numerical aperture =%0.3f \n',(N_a))
+printf('Acceptance angle =%0.3f degrees \n',(A_a*180/%pi))
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e01908d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//variable declaration
+n1=1.480
+n2=1.465
+V=2.405
+lamda=850*10**-9
+
+//Calculations
+delta=(n1**2-n2**2)/(2*n1**2)
+a=(V*lamda*10**-9)/(2*%pi*n1*sqrt(2*delta))
+
+//Results
+printf('delta =%0.3f \n',(delta))
+printf('Core radius,a =%0.3f micro m\n',(a*10**15))
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f82358520 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//variable declaration
+n1=1.5
+n2=1.49
+a=25
+
+//Calculations
+C_a=asin(n2/n1) //Critical angle
+L=2*a*tan(C_a)
+N_r=10**6/L
+
+//Result
+printf('Critical angle=%0.3f degrees\n',(C_a*180/%pi))
+printf('Fiber length covered in one reflection=%0.3f micro m\n',(L))
+printf('Total no.of reflections per metre=%0.3f \n',(N_r))
+printf('Since L=1m, Total dist. travelled by light over one metre of fiber =%0.3f m \n',(1/sin(C_a)))
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9b29defd --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//variable declaration
+alpha=1.85
+lamda=1.3*10**-6
+a=25*10**-6
+N_a=0.21
+
+//Calculations
+V_n=((2*%pi**2)*a**2*N_a**2)/lamda**2
+N_m=(alpha/(alpha+2))*V_n
+
+printf('No.of modes =%0.3f =155(approx)\n',(N_m))
+printf('Taking the two possible polarizations, Total No.of nodes =%0.3f \n',(N_m*2))
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a36c6c78d --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//variable declaration
+P_i=100
+P_o=2
+L=10
+
+//Calculations
+S=(10/L)*log(P_i/P_o)
+O=S*L
+
+//Result
+printf('a.Signal attention per unit length =%0.3f dB km**-1\n',(S))
+printf('b.Overall signal attenuation =%0.3f dB\n',(O))
+printf('//Answer given in the textbook is wrong')
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aabbceaa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//variable declaration
+L=10
+n1=1.55
+delta=0.026
+C=3*10**5
+
+//Calculations
+delta_T=(L*n1*delta)/C
+B_W=10/(2*delta_T)
+
+//Result
+printf('Total dispersion =%0.3f ns\n',(delta_T/10**-9))
+printf('Bandwidth length product =%0.3f Hz-km\n',(B_W/10**5))
+printf('//Answer given in the text book is wrong")
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8eaab51ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//variable declaration
+d=50 //diameter
+N_a=0.2 //Numerical aperture
+lamda=1 //wavelength
+
+//Calculations
+N=4.9*(((d*10**-6*N_a)/(lamda*10**-6))**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('N =%0.3f \n',N)
+printf('Fiber can support%0.3f guided modes \n',N)
+printf('In graded index fiber, No.of modes propogated inside the fiber =%0.3f only',N/2)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.3/3.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1116c9e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//variable declaration
+d=50 //diameter
+n1=1.450
+n2=1.447
+lamda=1 //wavelength
+
+//Calculations
+N_a=(n1**2-n2**2) //Numerical aperture
+N=4.9*(((d*10**-6*N_a)/(lamda*10**-6))**2)
+
+//Results
+printf('Numerical aperture =%0.3f ',N_a)
+printf('No. of modes that can be propogated =%0.3f \n',(N))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.4/4.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93b1e644f --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//variable declaration
+delta=0.05
+n1=1.46
+
+//Calculation
+N_a=n1*(2*delta)**(1/2) //Numerical aperture
+
+//Result
+printf('Numerical aperture =%0.3f \n',(N_a))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ed72447a --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//variable declaration
+a=5
+n1=1.450
+n2=1.447
+lamda=1 //wavelength
+
+//Calculations
+N_a=(n1**2-n2**2) //Numerical aperture
+
+N=4.9*((a*10**-6*sqrt(N_a)/(lamda*10**-6))**2)
+
+//Result
+
+printf('maximum no.of modes propogating through fiber =%0.3f \n',(N))
+printf('Correction needed')
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7ce212b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//variable declaration
+a=100
+N_a=0.3 //Numerical aperture
+lamda=850 //wavelength
+
+//Calculations
+V_n=(2*(%pi**2*a**2*10**-12*N_a**2)/lamda**2*10**-18)
+//Result
+printf('Number of modes =%0.3f modes\n',(V_n/10**-36))
+printf('No.of modes is doubled to account for the two possible polarisations')
+printf('Total No.of modes =%0.3f \n',(V_n/10**-36)*2)
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95a03ccf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//variable declaration
+a=5;
+n1=1.48;
+delta=0.01;
+V=25;
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=(%pi*(a*10**-6)*n1*sqrt(2*delta))/V // Cutoff Wavelength
+
+//Result
+printf('Cutoff Wavellength =%0.3f micro m. \n',(lamda*10**7))
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3586f0787 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//variable declaration
+V=2.405
+lamda=1.3
+N_a=0.05
+
+//Calculations
+a_max=(V*lamda)/(2*%pi*N_a)
+
+//Result
+printf('Maximum core radius=%0.3f micro m\n',(a_max))
diff --git a/3651/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce b/3651/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63b255e22 --- /dev/null +++ b/3651/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//variable declaration
+N_a=0.3
+gamma=45
+
+//Calculations
+theta_a=asin(N_a)
+theta_as=asin((N_a)/cos(gamma))
+
+//Results
+printf('Acceptance angle, theta_a =%0.3f degrees\n',(theta_a*180/%pi))
+printf('For skew rays,theta_as %0.3f degrees\n',(theta_as*180/%pi))
+printf('//Answer given in the textbook is wrong')
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