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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999
+//Example 11.2
+//OS=Windows XP sp3
+//Scilab version 5.5.2
+clc;
+clear;
+//given
+//For Cr+3 ions in ruby
+N1=1.6e19;//Population density of E1 energy level in cm^(-3)
+N2=0;//Population density of E2 energy level in cm^(-3)
+n=1.76;//refractive index of medium
+Tsp=3e-3;//Spontaneous emission lifetime of atom in sec
+//Let g(v0) be g
+g=6.9e-12;//normalized lineshape function in s
+lambda0=694.3e-7;//wavelength at which absorption takes place in cm
+c=3e10;//speed of electrons in cm/s
+v=c/lambda0;
+//Let Y(v0) be Y
+Y=((c/n)^2)*g*(N2-N1)/(8*%pi*Tsp*(v^2));//Corresponding gain coefficient of medium
+mprintf("\n Absorption coefficient = %f",Y);//The answers vary due to round off error
+//negative sign implies absorption