diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3542/CH4')
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.jpg | bin | 0 -> 49055 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce | 19 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.jpg | bin | 0 -> 53691 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce | 32 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.jpg | bin | 0 -> 52135 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce | 27 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 55570 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce | 44 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.jpg | bin | 0 -> 62980 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce | 38 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.jpg | bin | 0 -> 51574 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.jpg | bin | 0 -> 65572 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce | 40 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.jpg | bin | 0 -> 176422 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce | 48 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.jpg | bin | 0 -> 63302 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce | 41 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.jpg | bin | 0 -> 101220 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3542/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce | 59 |
20 files changed, 363 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb62cf2b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c86541db --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 4.1
+// To find far field distance for antenna with maximum dimensions and operating frequency
+// Page No.109
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+// Given data
+D=1; // Maximum dimension in m
+f=900*10^6; // Operating frequency in Hz
+C=3*10^8; // Speed of light in m/sec
+
+lambda=C/f; // Carrier wavelength in m
+
+// To find far field distance
+df=(2*D^2)/lambda; //Far field distance
+
+//Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Far field distance = %0.0f meter',df);
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c20addd48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1b75bd32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example no 4.10
+// To find the power at receiver
+// Page no. 152
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+// Given data
+d=50*10^3; // Distance between transmitter and receiver in m
+hte=100; // Effective heigth of transmitter in m
+hre=10; // Effective heigth of receiver in m
+EIRP=1*10^3; // Radiated power in Watt
+f=900*10^6; // Operating frequency in Hz
+c=3*10^8; // Speed of ligth in m/s
+lambda=c/f; // operating wavelength in m
+EIRP=20*log10(EIRP); // Radiated power in dB
+Gr=0; // Receiving gain in dB
+
+Lf=-10*log10(lambda^2/(4*%pi*d)^2); // Free space path loss in dB
+Amu=43; // Attenuation relative to free space in dB from Okumuras curve
+Garea=9; // Gain due to type of environment in dB from Okumuras curve
+Ghte=20*log10(hte/200); // Base station antenna heigth gain factor for 1000m > hte > 30m
+Ghre=20*log10(hre/3); // Mobile antenna heigth gain factor for 10m > hre > 3m
+L50=Lf+Amu-Ghte-Ghre-Garea; // Total mean path loss
+
+// The median reeived power
+Pr=EIRP-L50+Gr;
+
+//Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The power at receiver = %0.2f dBm',Pr);
+
+//Answer is varrying due to round-off error
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d93bcceae --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d502e185 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Example no 4.11
+// To find the mean path loss
+// Page no. 166
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given data
+d0=1; // Reference distance in m
+d=30; // Distance from transmitter in m
+nSF=3.27; // Exponent value for same floor
+nMF=5.22; // Path loss exponent value for multiple floors
+FAF=24.4; // Floor attenuation factor for specified floor in dB
+n=2; // Number of blocks
+PAF=13; // Particular attenuation factor for paricular obstruction in dB
+PLSFd0=31.5; // Attenuation at reference distance for same floor in dB
+PLMFd0=5.5; // Attenuation at reference distance for multiple floor in dB
+
+//Mean path loss at same floor
+PL1=PLSFd0+10*nSF*log10(d/d0)+FAF+n*PAF;
+
+//Mean path loss at multiple floor
+PL2=PLMFd0+10*nMF*log10(d/d0)+n*PAF;
+
+//Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The mean path loss at same floor = %0.1f dB',PL1);
+printf('\n The mean path loss at multiple floor = %0.1f dB',PL2);
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..096317714 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68bda736f --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Example 4.2
+// To find a)transmitter power in dBm b)Transmitter power in dBW and the received power of antenna in dBm at free space distance of 100m from antenna and 10km
+// Page No.109
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+// Given data
+Pt=50; // Transmitter power in W
+fc=900*10^6; // Carrier frequency in Hz
+C=3*10^8; // Speed of light in m/s
+
+//a)Transmitter power in dBm
+PtdBm=round(10*log10(Pt/(1*10^(-3)))); //Transmitter power in dBm
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Transmitter power = %0.1f dBm',PtdBm);
+
+//b)Transmitter power in dBW
+PtdBW=round(10*log10(Pt/1)); //Transmitter power in dBW
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Transmitter power = %0.1f dBW',PtdBW);
+
+// To find receiver power at 100m
+Gt=1; //Transmitter gain
+Gr=1; //Receiver gain
+d=100; //Free space distance from antenna in m
+L=1; //System loss factor since no loss in system
+lambda=C/fc; //Carrier wavelength in m
+Pr=(Pt*Gt*Gr*lambda^2)/((4*%pi)^2*d^2*L); //Receiver power in W
+PrdBm=10*log10(Pr/10^(-3)); //Receiver power in dBm
+
+//Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Receiver power = %0.1f dBm',PrdBm);
+
+//For Pr(10km)
+d0=100; //Reference distance
+d=10000; //Free space distance from antenna
+Pr10km=PrdBm+20*log10(d0/d); //Received power at 10km from antenna in dBm
+
+//Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Receiver power at 10km from antenna = %0.1f dBm',Pr10km);
+
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f142c46a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d9d56e77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Example 4.3
+// To find a)power at receiver b)magnitude of E-field at receiver c)rms voltage applied to receiver input
+// Page no. 112
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+// Given data
+Pt=50; // Transmitter power in Watt
+fc=900*10^6; // Carrier frequency in Hz
+Gt=1; // Transmitter antenna gain
+Gr=2; // Receiver antenna gain
+Rant=50; // Receiver antenna resistance in ohm
+
+// a)Power at receiver
+d=10*10^3; // Distance from antenna in meter
+lambda=(3*10^8)/fc; // Carrier wavelength in meter
+Prd1=10*log10((Pt*Gt*Gr*lambda^2)/((4*%pi)^2*d^2)); // Power at transmitter in dBW
+Prd=10*log10(((Pt*Gt*Gr*lambda^2)/((4*%pi)^2*d^2))/(10^-3)); // Power at transmitter in dBm
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Power at receiver = %0.1f dBW',Prd1);
+printf('\n Power at receiver = %0.1f dBm',Prd);
+
+// b)Magnitude of E-field at receiver
+Ae=(Gr*lambda^2)/(4*%pi); // Aperture gain
+Pr=10^(Prd1/10); // Receiver power in W
+E=sqrt((Pr*120*%pi)/Ae); // Magnitude of E-field at receiver
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n \n Magnitude of E-field at receiver = %0.4f V/m',E);
+
+// c)rms voltage applied to receiver input
+Vant=sqrt(Pr*4*Rant)*10^3; // rms voltage applied to receiver input
+//Answer is varrying due to round-off error
+
+//Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n \n RMS voltage applied to receiver input = %0.3f mV',Vant);
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..efcd25f37 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2820a7990 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example no. 4.5
+// To calculate the Brewster angle
+// Page no. 119
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+// Given data
+Er=4; // Permittivity
+x=sqrt((Er-1)/(Er^2-1)); // Sine of brewster angle
+theta=asind(x); // Brewster angle
+//Answer is varrying due to round off error
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Brewster angle = %0.2f degree',theta);
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..47f2b9ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9b9e500c --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +// Example no 4.6
+// To find a)the length and effective aperture of receiving antenna b)the received power at mobile
+// Page no. 125
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given data
+d=5*10^3; // distance of mobile from base station in m
+E0=1*10^-3; // E-field at 1Km from transmitter in V/m
+d0=1*10^3; // Distance from transmitter in m
+f=900*10^6; // Carrier frequency used for the system in Hz
+c=3*10^8; // Speed of ligth in m/s
+gain=2.55; // Gain of receiving antenna in dB
+G=10^(gain/10); // Gain of receiving antenna
+
+// a)To find the length and effective aperture of receiving antenna
+lambda=c/f; // Wavelength
+L=lambda/4; // Length of antenna
+Ae=(G*lambda^2)/(4*%pi); // Effective aperture of receiving antenna
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Length of antenna = %0.4f m',L);
+printf(' = %0.2f cm',L*10^2);
+printf('\n Effective aperture of receiving antenna = %0.3f m^2',Ae);
+
+// b)To find the received power at mobile
+// Given data
+ht=50; // Heigth of transmitting antenna
+hr=1.5; // Heigth of receiving antenna
+ERd=(2*E0*d0*2*%pi*ht*hr)/(d^2*lambda); // Electic field at distance d in V/m
+Prd=((ERd^2/377)*Ae); // The received power at mobile in W
+PrddB=10*log10(Prd); // The received power at mobile in dBW
+PrddBm=10*log10(Prd/10^-3); // The received power at mobile in dBm
+Prd=((ERd^2/377)*Ae)*10^13; // The received power at mobile in 10^-13W
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n \n The received power at mobile = %0.1f X 10^-13 W',Prd);
+printf(' = %0.2f dBW',PrddB);
+printf(' = %0.2f dBm',PrddBm);
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e95eb61f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb42e8739 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +// Example no 4.7
+// To compute diffraction loss and identify Fresnel zone within which tip of obstruction lies for a)h=25m b)h=0 c)h=-25m
+// Page no. 132
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given data
+lambda=1/3; // Wavelength in meter
+d1=1*10^3; // Distance between transmitter and obstructing screen in m
+d2=1*10^3; // Distance between receiver and obstructing screen in m
+
+// a) For h=25m
+h=25; // Effective heigth of obstruction screen in m
+v=h*sqrt((2*(d1+d2))/(lambda*d1*d2)); // Fresnel diffraction parameter
+printf('\n a) For h=25m Fresnel diffraction parameter v = %0.2f',v);
+printf('\n From the plot of Knife-edge diffraction gain as a function of Fresnel diffraction parameter, diffraction loss is 22dB.');
+Gd=-20*log10(0.225/v); // Diffraction loss for v>2.4 in dB
+printf('\n Using numerical approximation, diffraction loss for v > 2.4 = %0.1f dB',Gd);
+delta=(h^2/2)*((d1+d2)/(d1*d2)); // Path length difference between direct and diffracted rays
+n=(2*delta)/lambda; // Number of Fresnel zones in which the obstruction lies
+printf('\n Fresnel zone within which tip of obstruction lies = %0.2f',n);
+printf('\n Therefore, the tip of obstruction completely blocks the first three Fresnel zones.');
+
+// b) For h=0
+h=0; // Effective heigth of obstruction screen in m
+v=h*sqrt((2*(d1+d2))/(lambda*d1*d2)); // Fresnel diffraction parameter
+printf('\n \n b) For h=0 Fresnel diffraction parameter v = %0.0f',v);
+printf('\n From the plot of Knife-edge diffraction gain as a function of Fresnel diffraction parameter, diffraction loss is 6dB.');
+Gd=-20*log10(0.5-0.62*v); // Diffraction loss for v=0 in dB
+printf('\n Using numerical approximation, diffraction loss for v=0 = %0.0f dB',Gd);
+delta=(h^2/2)*((d1+d2)/(d1*d2)); // Path length difference between direct and diffracted rays
+n=(2*delta)/lambda; // Number of Fresnel zones in which the obstruction lies
+printf('\n Fresnel zone within which tip of obstruction lies = %0.0f',n);
+printf('\n Therefore, the tip of obstruction lies in middle of first Fresnel zone.');
+
+// c) For h=-25m
+h=-25; // Effective heigth of obstruction screen in m
+v=h*sqrt((2*(d1+d2))/(lambda*d1*d2)); // Fresnel diffraction parameter
+printf('\n \n c) For h=-25m Fresnel diffraction parameter v = %0.2f',v);
+printf('\n From the plot of Knife-edge diffraction gain as a function of Fresnel diffraction parameter, diffraction loss is approximately 1dB.');
+Gd=0; // Diffraction loss for v<-1 in dB
+printf('\n Using numerical approximation, diffraction loss for v < -1 = %0.0f in dB',Gd);
+delta=(h^2/2)*((d1+d2)/(d1*d2)); // Path length difference between direct and diffracted rays
+n=(2*delta)/lambda; // Number of Fresnel zones in which the obstruction lies
+printf('\n Fresnel zone within which tip of obstruction lies = %0.2f',n);
+printf('\n Therefore, the tip of obstruction completely blocks the first three Fresnel zones but diffraction loss is negligible.');
+
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d83ad8c63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e15a0bbc --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Example no 4.8
+// To determine a)the loss due to knife-edge diffraction b)the heigth of obstacle required to induce 6dB diffraction loss
+// Page no. 133
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given data
+f=900*10^6; // Operating frequency in Hz
+c=3*10^8; // Speed of ligth in m/s
+hr=25; // Heigth of receiver in m
+ht=50; // Heigth of transmitter in m
+h=100; // Heigth of obstruction in m
+d1=10*10^3; // Distance between transmitter and obstruction in m
+d2=2*10^3; // Distance between receiver and obstruction in m
+
+// a)To determine the loss due to knife-edge diffraction
+lambda=c/f; // Operating wavelength in m
+ht=ht-hr; // Hegth of transmitter after subtracting smallest heigth (hr)
+h=h-hr; // Heigth of obstruction after subtracting smallest heigth (hr)
+bet=atan((h-ht)/d1); // From geometry of environment in rad
+gamm=atan(h/d2); // From geometry of environment in rad
+alpha=bet+gamm; // From geometry of environment in rad
+v=alpha*sqrt((2*d1*d2)/(lambda*(d1+d2))); // Fresnel diffraction parameter
+
+// the loss due to knife-edge diffraction
+Gd=-20*log10(0.225/v); // Diffraction loss for v>2.4 in dB
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The loss due to knife-edge diffraction = %0.1f dB',Gd);
+
+// b)To determine the heigth of obstacle required to induce 6dB diffraction loss
+Gd=6; // Diffraction loss in dB
+v=0; // Fresnel diffraction parameter from the plot of Knife-edge diffraction gain as a function of Fresnel diffraction parameter
+// v=0 is possible only if alpha=0. Therefore bet=-gamm
+// By considering this situation, the geometry of environment provides (h/d2)=(ht/(d1+d2))
+h=(ht*d2)/(d1+d2); // the heigth of obstacle required to induce 6dB diffraction loss
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The heigth of obstacle required to induce 6dB diffraction loss = %0.2f m',h);
+
diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.jpg b/3542/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a82e5117 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.jpg diff --git a/3542/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3542/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6259d0f40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3542/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +// Example no 4.9
+// To find a)the minimum mean square error b)the standard deviation about mean value c)received power at d=2 km d)the likelihood that the received signal level at 2 km e) the percentage of area within 2 km
+// Page no. 143
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+// Given data
+d0=100; // First receiver distance in meter
+d1=200; // Second receiver distance in meter
+d2=1000; // Third receiver distance in meter
+d3=3000; // Fourth receiver distance in meter
+p0=0; // Receved power of first receiver in dBm
+p1=-20; // Receved power of second receiver in dBm
+p2=-35; // Receved power of third receiver in dBm
+p3=-70; // Receved power of forth receiver in dBm
+
+// a)To find the minimum mean square error
+n=2887.8/654.306; // Loss exponent after differentiating and equating the squared error function with zero
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n Loss exponent = %0.0f',n);
+
+// b)To find the standard deviation about mean value
+P0=-10*n*log10(d0/100); // The estimate of p0 with path loss model
+P1=-10*n*log10(d1/100); // The estimate of p1 with path loss model
+P2=-10*n*log10(d2/100); // The estimate of p2 with path loss model
+P3=-10*n*log10(d3/100); // The estimate of p3 with path loss model
+J=(p0-P0)^2+(p1-P1)^2+(p2-P2)^2+(p3-P3)^2; // Sum of squared error
+SD=sqrt(J/4); // The standard deviation about mean value
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The standard deviation about mean value = %0.2f dB',SD);
+// The decimal point is not given in the answer given in book.
+
+// c)To find received power at d=2 km
+d=2000; // The distance of receiver
+P=-10*n*log10(d/100); // The estimate of p2 with path loss model
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The received power (at d=2 km) = %0.2f dBm',P);
+// Answer is varying due to round off error
+
+// d)To find the likelihood that the received signal level at 2 km
+gam=-60; // The received power at 2km will be greater than this power
+z=(gam-P)/SD;
+Pr=(1/2)*(1-erf(z/sqrt(2))); // The probability that received signal will be greater than -60dBm
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The probability that received signal will be greater than -60dBm = %0.1f percent',Pr*100);
+// Answer is varying due to round off error
+
+// e)To find the percentage of area within 2 km
+A=92; // From figure 4.18, area receives coverage above -60dBm
+
+// Displaying the result in command window
+printf('\n The percentage of area within 2 km = %0.0f percent',A);
+
+
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