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+// Exa 9.9
+// To calculate-
+// a)  The total bandwidth required,
+// b)  The bandwidth efﬁciency,
+// c)  The Eb/No required, and
+// d)  No of carried bits per symbol.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+M=8; //number of different signal elements
+Fc=250; //carrier frequency in kHz
+DelF=25; //kHz
+Pe=10^-6;//probability of error
+
+//solution
+TotalBW=2*M*DelF;
+nb=2*log2(M)/(M+3);
+//Pe=7*Q(z) and z=approx(5.08)
+z=5.08;
+Eb_No=(z)^2/log2(M);
+bits_sym=log2(M);
+printf('Total bandwidth required is %d kHz \n ',TotalBW);
+printf('The bandwidth efficiency is %.4f \n ',nb);
+printf('The required Eb/No is %.3f dB \n ',10*log10(Eb_No));
+printf('Carried bits per symbol are %d \n ',bits_sym);