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+// chapter 8
+// example 8.8
+// Calculate the mean values of load voltage and current
+// page-460-462
+clear;
+clc;
+// given
+Edc=80; // in V (dc source)
+T=2; // in ms (chopping period)
+L=8; // in mH
+R=4; // in ohm
+Ton_Toff_1= 1/1;
+Ton_Toff_2= 4/1;
+Ton_Toff_3= 1/4;
+// calculate
+L=L*1E-3; // changing unit from mH to H
+tou=L/R;
+T=T*1E-3;
+//part-a
+// since Ton/Toff=1/1 therefore Ton=Toff or 
+Ton=T/2;
+Toff=Ton;
+I0_max=(Edc/R)*((1-exp(-Ton/tou))/(1-exp(-T/tou)));
+I0_min=I0_max*exp(-Toff/tou);
+E0=Edc*(Ton/T);
+I0_av=E0/R;
+printf("\nWhent Ton/Toff=1/1,")
+printf("\n\t\tThe maximum output current is \t\t I0_max=%.2f A", I0_max);
+printf("\n\t\tThe minimum output current is \t\t I0_min=%.2f A", I0_min);
+printf("\n\t\tThe mean value of load voltage is \t E0=%.f V",E0);
+printf("\n\t\tThe mean value of load current is \t I0_av=%.f A",I0_av);
+//part-b
+// since Ton/Toff=4/1 therefore Ton=4Toff and Ton+Toff=T or 5*Toff=T therefore we get
+Toff=T/5;
+Ton=4*Toff;
+I0_max=(Edc/R)*((1-exp(-Ton/tou))/(1-exp(-T/tou)));
+I0_min=I0_max*exp(-Toff/tou);
+E0=Edc*(Ton/T);
+I0_av=E0/R;
+printf("\nWhent Ton/Toff=4/1,")
+printf("\n\t\tThe maximum output current is \t\t I0_max=%.2f A", I0_max);
+printf("\n\t\tThe minimum output current is \t\t I0_min=%.2f A", I0_min);
+printf("\n\t\tThe mean value of load voltage is \t E0=%.f V",E0);
+printf("\n\t\tThe mean value of load current is \t I0_av=%.f A",I0_av);
+//part-c
+// since Ton/Toff=1/4 therefore Toff=4*Toff and Ton+Toff=T or 5*Ton=T therefore we get
+Ton=T/5;
+Toff=5*Ton;
+I0_max=(Edc/R)*((1-exp(-Ton/tou))/(1-exp(-T/tou)));
+I0_min=I0_max*exp(-Toff/tou);
+E0=Edc*(Ton/T);
+I0_av=E0/R;
+printf("\nWhent Ton/Toff=1/4,")
+printf("\n\t\tThe maximum output current is \t\t I0_max=%.2f A", I0_max);
+printf("\n\t\tThe minimum output current is \t\t I0_min=%.2f A", I0_min);
+printf("\n\t\tThe mean value of load voltage is \t E0=%.f V",E0);
+printf("\n\t\tThe mean value of load current is \t I0_av=%.f A",I0_av);
+
+// Note: 1 The answer for I0_min of part-b is wrong in the book due to calculation mistake.
+//       2.the answers varies slightly due to precise calculation
+\ No newline at end of file