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+// chapter 9
+// example 9.14
+// Find the ratio of conductivity at 600K and at 300K
+// page 278
+clear;
+clc;
+//given
+Eg=1.2; // in eV (Energy band gap)
+k=1.38E-23; // in J/K (Boltzmann’s constant)
+T1=600, T2=300; // in K (two temperatures)
+e=1.6E-19; // in C (charge of electron)
+// calculate
+Eg=Eg*e; // changing unit from eV to Joule
+// since sigma is proportional to exp(-Eg/(2*k*T))
+// therefore ratio=sigma1/sigma2=exp(-Eg/(2*k*((1/T1)-(1/T2))));
+ratio= exp((-Eg/(2*k))*((1/T1)-(1/T2))); // calculation of ratio of conductivity at 600K and at 300K
+printf('\nThe ratio of conductivity at 600K and at 300K is \t%1.2E',ratio);