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+clc;clear;
+//Example 18.2
+//calculation of probability
+
+//given values
+T=300;//temp in K
+kT=.026;//temperture equivalent at room temp in eV
+Eg=5.6;//forbidden gap in eV
+
+//calculation
+f=1/(1+%e^(Eg/(2*kT)));
+
+disp(f,'probability of an e being thermally promoted to conduction band is');