diff options
Diffstat (limited to '2708')
113 files changed, 1362 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.1/ex_1_1.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.1/ex_1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2690a0286 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.1/ex_1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 1.1 // fringe width
+clear;
+clc;
+//given data :
+d=5D-4;// distance between slits in m
+w=5890D-10;// wavelength in m
+D=0.5;//distance between source and screen in m
+b=D*w/d;//fringes width
+disp(b,"width of fringes in meter")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.10/ex_1_10.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.10/ex_1_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d45651f2b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.10/ex_1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 1.10 // fringe width
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+b1=0.087;// initally fringe width in mm
+//when distance given in ratio
+r=.75;// ratio
+b=b1/r
+disp(b,"width of fringes in mm")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.11/ex_1_11.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.11/ex_1_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b0529ba4a --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.11/ex_1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 1.11 // separation between coherent source
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=1.5;//referactive index of bi-prism
+al=2*%pi/180;//angle in radian
+a=.1;// distance between source & prism in m
+d=2*a*(u-1)*al;// distance between slits in m
+disp(d,"separation between coherent source in meter")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.12/ex_1_12.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.12/ex_1_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc6c5194e --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.12/ex_1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 1.12 // refractive index of sheet
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=5460D-10;// wavelength in m
+n=6;// number of fringe shifted
+t=6.3D-6;//thickness of material
+u=(n*w)/t +1; // equation for fefractive index
+disp(u,"refractive index of sheet")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.14/ex_1_14.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.14/ex_1_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..420eee188 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.14/ex_1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1.4 // thickness of plate
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=1.5;//referactive index of glass plate
+r=60;// refraction angle in degree
+r=r*%pi/180;// to convert in radian
+w=5890D-10;// wavelength in m
+//for least thickness
+t=w/(2*u*cos(r));
+t=t*1D10;// to convert in angstrom
+disp(t,"thickness of plate in A")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.15/ex_1_15.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.15/ex_1_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c7e3f3443 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.15/ex_1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 1.15 // flim thickness
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=1.5;//referactive index of oil
+i=30;// incident angle in degree
+i=i*%pi/180;//to convert in radian
+n=8;//8th dark band
+w=5890D-10;// wavelength in m
+r=sqrt(1-(sin(i)/u)^2);//cos of received angle
+t=n*w/(2*u*r);//formula of thickness
+t=t*1D3;//to convert in mm
+disp(t*1D-3,"flim thickness in m")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.16/ex_1_16.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.16/ex_1_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be7352360 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.16/ex_1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1.16 // order of dark band
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=4/3;//referactive index of soap flim
+t=1.5D-6;//thickness of soap flim
+i=60;//incident angle in degree
+i=i*%pi/180;// incident angle in radian
+w=5D-7;// wavelength in m
+r=sin(i)/u;//sin of refracted angle
+R=asin(r);//refracted angle in radian
+n=2*u*t*cos(R)/w
+n=floor(n)
+disp(n,"order of dark band")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.17/ex_1_17.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.17/ex_1_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dcb46db3c --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.17/ex_1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1.17 // fringe width
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+x=.15;// air flim base width in m
+w=6D-7;// wavelength in m
+ab=0.05D-3;//length wire in m
+u=1;//refractive index of air
+theta=ab/x;
+b=w/(2*u*theta);//fringes width
+disp(b,"width of fringes in meter")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.18/ex_1_18.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.18/ex_1_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d5e938f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.18/ex_1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1.18 // wavvelength of light
+clc;
+//given data :
+b=.5D-2;//distace between succesive fringes in m
+u=1.4;//refractive index of cellophane
+a=10;//angle of wedge in sec
+a=a*%pi/(60*60*180);//to convert in radian
+w=2*u*a*b;
+w=w*1D10;//to convert in A
+disp(w,"wavelength of light used in A")
+
+//note: Pi is taken as 22/7 in the textbook.
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.19/ex_1_19.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.19/ex_1_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a10a7fff --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.19/ex_1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.19 // angle of wedge
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+x=1D-2;//distace of mth dark band
+w=6D-7;// wavelength in m
+m=10;//number of dark band
+a=m*w/(2*x)
+disp(a,"angle of wedge in radian")
+//note: answer in textbook is in seconds
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.2/ex_1_2.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.2/ex_1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9295c0f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.2/ex_1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1.2 // double slit separation
+clear;
+clc;
+//given data :
+w=5100D-10;// wavelength in m
+D=2;//distance between source and screen in m
+n=10;// number of fringes
+x=0.02;//width of all n fringes in m
+b=x/n;//fringes width
+d=D*w/b;//double slit width
+disp(d,"double slit separation in meter")
+
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.20/ex_1_20.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.20/ex_1_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..774d5caca --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.20/ex_1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 1.20 // number of dark band
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+t=0.01;//thickness of oil film
+t=t*1D-3;//to convert in m
+u=1.4;//refractive index of oil
+w1=4D-7;// first wavelength in m
+w2=5D-7;// second wavelength in m
+a=%pi/4;//flim placed at angle
+cosr=sqrt(1-(sin(a)/u)^2);//formula
+n1=2*u*t*cosr/w1;
+n2=2*u*t*cosr/w2;
+n1=floor(n1);//to convert in integer
+n2=floor(n2);//to convert in integer
+n=n1-n2;//number of dark band
+disp(n,"number of dark band")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.21/ex_1_21.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.21/ex_1_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b7d5084b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.21/ex_1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1.21 // radius of lens
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=5890D-10;//wavelength used in m
+d=.01;//diameter of dark ring in m
+r=%pi/6;//angle that light passes in radian
+n=3;// order of ring
+u=1;// refractive index of medium between lens and plate
+R=u*(d^2)*cos(r)/(4*n*w);// radius of lens in m
+disp(R,"radius of lens in m")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.22/ex_1_22.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.22/ex_1_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e4cd47008 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.22/ex_1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1.22 // wavelength used
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+R=3;//radius of lens in m
+n=8;// order of bright ring
+D=.72D-2;// diameter of bright ring in m
+u=1;// refractive index of medium between lens and plate
+w=(D^2)/((2*n-1)*2*R);// wavelength used in m
+w=w*1D10;//to convert in A
+disp(w,"wavelength of light used in A")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.23/ex_1_23.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.23/ex_1_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21bfbb2f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.23/ex_1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1.23 // distance between rings
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+R1=100;//radii of curvature in cm
+R2=R1;// given
+w=5400D-8;// wavelength of light in m
+n1=5;// order of ring for case one
+r1=sqrt(n1*w/((1/R1)+(1/R2)));//radii of curvature in cm
+n2=15;// order of ring for second case
+r2=sqrt(n2*w/(1/R1+1/R2));// radii of curvature in cm
+d=r2-r1;// distance between rings
+disp(d,"distance between rings in cm")
+
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.24/ex_1_24.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.24/ex_1_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8571a48e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.24/ex_1_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 1.24 // refractive index
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+d1=.3;// diameter of ring in cm
+d2=.25;//diameter of ring(in cm) after placing in medium
+u=(d1/d2)^2;// refractive index of medium
+disp(u,"refractive index of medium")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.25/ex_1_25.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.25/ex_1_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c696a936 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.25/ex_1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1.25 // diameter of bright ring
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=6D-7;// wavelength used in m
+R1=3;//radius of curvature of convex lens in m
+R2=4;//radius of curvature of concave lens in m
+n=13;// order of ring
+r=sqrt((2*n-1)*w/(2*(1/R1-1/R2)));// radius of ring
+disp(2*r,"diameter of bright ring in m")
+
+
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.26/ex_1_26.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.26/ex_1_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef640304b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.26/ex_1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.26 // thickness of flim
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=1.5;// refractive index of flim between lens and plate
+m=10;//no. of fringes shifted in experiment
+w=5890D-10;// wavelength of light used in m
+t=m*w/(2*(u-1));// thickness of plastic flim in m
+t=t*1D9;// to convert in nm
+disp(t,"thickness of flim in nm(nanometer)")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.27/ex_1_27.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.27/ex_1_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53db61e6d --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.27/ex_1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1.27 // refractive index
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+n=150;//no. of frnges shifted
+w=4D-7;// wavelength of light used
+l=.2;//length of tube in m
+u=n*w/(2*l) +1
+disp(u,"refractive index of medium ")
+
+
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.28/ex_1_28.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.28/ex_1_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e78d6550e --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.28/ex_1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.28 // thickness of flim
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=589D-9;//wavelength of light used in m
+u=1.45;// refractive index of medium between lens and plate
+n=6.5;// fringes shifted
+t=n*w/(2*(u-1));// thickness of flim in m
+t=t*1D9;//to convert in nano meter
+disp(t,"thickness of flim in nm(nanometer)")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.29/ex_1_29.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.29/ex_1_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6fe91dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.29/ex_1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 1.29 // distance between successive poitions of movable mirror
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w1=5896D-8;//one wavelength of light used in cm
+w2=5890D-8;// second wavelength of light used in cm
+d=w1*w2/(2*(w1-w2));// distance between sucessive position of mirror in cm
+disp(d,"dustance between sucessive position of mirror in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.3/ex_1_3.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.3/ex_1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..804b7ede1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.3/ex_1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.3 // wavelength of ligth
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+d=19D-4;// distance between slits in m
+D=1;//distance between source and screen in m
+b=.31D-3;//fringes width in m
+w=b*d/D;// wavelength in m
+w=w*1D10;// to convert in A
+disp(w,"wavelength of light in A(angstrom)")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.30/ex_1_30.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.30/ex_1_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..30f8ad16b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.30/ex_1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.30 // velocity of light in medium
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+d1=.3;// diameter of ring in cm
+d2=.25;//diameter of ring(in cm) after placing in medium
+c=3D8;//speed of light in m/s
+u=(d2/d1)^2;// refractive index of medium
+v=u*c;// velocity of light in fluid
+disp(v,"velocity of light in liquid in m/s")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.31/ex_1_31.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.31/ex_1_31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6ef9066b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.31/ex_1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1.31 // thickness of flim
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w1=6.1D-5;//wavelength of light fall in cm
+w2=6D-5;// wavelength of light fall in cm
+u=1.33;// refractive index soap flim
+si=4/5;//sine of incident angle
+t=w1*w2/(2*(w1-w2)*sqrt(u^2-si^2))
+disp(t,"thickness of flim in cm")
+
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.32/ex_1_32.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.32/ex_1_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3a09f4e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.32/ex_1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 1.32 // wavelength of light
+clc;
+//given data :
+n1=5;//order of ring
+n2=25;// order of ring
+m=n2-n1;//difference of ring order
+R=100;//radius of curvature in cm
+d1=.3;//diameter of ring n cm
+d2=.8;//diameter of ring in cm
+w=(d2^2-d1^2)/(4*R*m);//wavelength in cm
+disp(w,"wacelength of light in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.33/ex_1_33.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.33/ex_1_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8646b5381 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.33/ex_1_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 1.33 // diameter of ring
+clc
+clear;
+//given data :
+n1=4;//order of ring
+n2=12;// order of ring
+m=n2-n1;//difference of ring order
+n=20;// order of ring to find
+//let k=4*wavelength**R
+d1=.4;// diameter of first ring in cm
+d2=.7;//diameter of second ring in cm
+k=(d2^2-d1^2)/m;
+d=sqrt(n*k);// diameter of ring in cm
+disp(d,"diameter of ring in cm")
+
+//note: Wrong answer in the textbook.
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.4/ex_1_4.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.4/ex_1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..859ee764e --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.4/ex_1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.4 // position of fringe
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+d=2D-3;// distance between slits in m
+w=5890D-10;// wavelength in m
+D=0.04;//distance between source and screen in m
+n=10;// number of fringe which is to locate
+x=n*D*w/d;//position of fringe
+disp(x,"position of nth fringes in meter")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.5/ex_1_5.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.5/ex_1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b855ff845 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.5/ex_1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 1.5 // distance between coherent source
+clc;
+//given data :
+b=9.424D-4;//fringes width in m
+w=5890D-10;// wavelength in m
+a=0.05;// distance between source & prism in m
+c=0.75;// distance between prism & screen in m
+D=a+c;//distance between source and screen in m
+d=(D*w)/b;//distance between coherent source
+disp(d,"distance between coherent source in meter")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.6/ex_1_6.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.6/ex_1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b043fb05c --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.6/ex_1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1.6 // fringe width
+clc;
+//given data :
+a=0.10;// distance between source & prism in m
+c=1;// distance between prism & screen in m
+u=1.5;//referactive index of bi-prism
+al=%pi/180;//angle in radian
+d=2*a*(u-1)*al;// distance between slits in m
+w=5900D-10;// wavelength in m
+D=a+c;//distance between source and screen in m
+b=D*w/d;//fringes width
+disp(b,"width of fringes in meter")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.8/ex_1_8.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.8/ex_1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f556e622b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.8/ex_1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 1.8 // angle of vertex of biprism
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=1.5;//referactive index of bi-prism
+b=.2D-3;//fringes width in m
+al=%pi/180;//angle in radian
+w=5D-7;// wavelength in m
+a=0.25;// distance between source & prism in m
+c=1.75;// distance between prism & screen in m
+D=a+c;//distance between source and screen in m
+d=D*w/b;//distance between slits in m
+a1=d/(2*a*(u-1));// angle in radian
+al=a1*180/%pi;// angle in degree
+vert=180-2*al;// vertex angle
+disp(vert,"angle of vertex of biprism in degree")
diff --git a/2708/CH1/EX1.9/ex_1_9.sce b/2708/CH1/EX1.9/ex_1_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aeda41e64 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH1/EX1.9/ex_1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1.9 // wavelength of ligth
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=1.5;//referactive index of bi-prism
+a=50;// distance between source & prism in cm
+c=50;// distance between prism & screen in cm
+A=179;// angle of bi-prism in degree
+D=a+c;//distance between source and screen in cm
+b=.0135;//fringes width in cm
+al=(180-A)/2;// angle with base in degree
+al=al*%pi/180;//to convert in radian
+w=2*al*(u-1)*a*b/D// wavelength in cm
+disp(w*1D8,"wavelength of light in Angstrom")
diff --git a/2708/CH14/EX14.10/ex_14_10.sce b/2708/CH14/EX14.10/ex_14_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7d305da2c --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH14/EX14.10/ex_14_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 14.10 // Energy to create defect
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+a=2.82D-10;// interionic distance in m
+T=298;// temperture in kelvin
+k=8.625D-5;// Boltzmann constant eV/k
+n=5D11;// density of defects in per m3
+V=(2*a)^3;//volume of unit cell
+p=4;// no. of ion pairs
+N=p/V;// no. of ion pairs per m3
+E=2*k*T*log(N/n);// energy in eV
+disp(E, "Energy to create defect in eV")
diff --git a/2708/CH14/EX14.11/ex_14_11.sce b/2708/CH14/EX14.11/ex_14_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8b4422743 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH14/EX14.11/ex_14_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 14.11 // no. of defects
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+k=8.625D-5;// Boltzmann constant eV/k
+E=1.4;// energy to create defect in eV
+T1=293;// temperature in kelvin
+T2=573;// temperature in kelvin
+ratio=exp((-E/k)*(1/(2*T1)-1/(2*T2)));// ratio of no. of defects at T1 & T2
+format('e',10);ratio;
+disp(ratio, "ratio of number of Frenkel defect")
+ratio=1/ratio;//
+disp(ratio,"it can be written as")
diff --git a/2708/CH14/EX14.12/ex_14_12.sce b/2708/CH14/EX14.12/ex_14_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c21d63b3a --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH14/EX14.12/ex_14_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 14.12 // fraction of vacancy sites
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+f=1D-10;// fraction of vacancy sites
+T1=500;// temperature in degree
+T2=2*T1;// condition given
+T1=T1+273;// to convert in kelvin
+T2=T2+273;// to convert in kelvin
+f1=exp(T1*log(f)/T2);//new fraction
+disp(f1,"new fraction at new temperature")
diff --git a/2708/CH14/EX14.4/ex_14_4.sce b/2708/CH14/EX14.4/ex_14_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c3ef3f286 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH14/EX14.4/ex_14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 14.4 // wavelength & angle
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+d=2.82;//spacing between successive planes in A
+theta=8+35/60;//in degree
+theta=theta*%pi/180;// to convert in radian
+n=1;// order of reflection
+lamda=2*d*sin(theta) /n;//de-broglie equation
+disp(lamda,"wavelength of NaCl in A ")
+n=2;//to find angleof reflection
+theta=asin(n*lamda/(2*d));//angle of reflection radian
+theta=theta*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(theta,"angle of reflection in degree")
diff --git a/2708/CH14/EX14.5/ex_14_5.sce b/2708/CH14/EX14.5/ex_14_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c63b786fa --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH14/EX14.5/ex_14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 14.5 // wavelength & speed of neutron
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+n=1;// given first reflection
+d=3.84;//spacing between successive planes in A
+m=1.67D-27;// mass of neutron in kg
+theta=30;//in degree
+theta=theta*%pi/180;// to convert in radian
+lamda=2*d*sin(theta) /n;//de-broglie equation
+disp(lamda,"wavelength of neutron in A ")
+h=6.626D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+lamda=lamda*1D-10;// to convert in m
+v=h/(m*lamda);// e-Broglie relation
+disp(v,"speed of neutron in m/s")
+// in book it is wrongly calculated
diff --git a/2708/CH14/EX14.6/ex_14_6.sce b/2708/CH14/EX14.6/ex_14_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b0a0c0eb --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH14/EX14.6/ex_14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Example 14.6 // spacing d
+clc;
+clear;
+// 1st part
+theta=5+28/60;// given glancing angle in degree
+n=1;//order of reflections
+lamda=.586;// wavelength in A
+theta=theta*%pi/180;//to convert in degree
+d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta));// spacing
+disp(d,"spacing in A")
+// in question there is a mistake
+// 2nd part
+theta=12+1/60;// given glancing angle in degree
+n=2;//order of reflections
+theta=theta*%pi/180;//to convert in degree
+d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta));// spacing
+disp(d,"spacing in A")
+//3rd part
+theta=18+12/60;// given glancing angle in degree
+n=3;//order of reflections
+theta=theta*%pi/180;//to convert in degree
+d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta));// spacing
+disp(d,"spacing in A")
+
+//The glancing angle is taken differently in the solution
diff --git a/2708/CH14/EX14.7/ex_14_7.sce b/2708/CH14/EX14.7/ex_14_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f99d055a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH14/EX14.7/ex_14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 14.7 // glancing angle
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+// 1st part
+lamda=1.549;// wavelength in A
+d=4.255;// in ter planer spacing in A
+n=1;//order of reflection
+theta=asin(n*lamda/(2*d));// glacing angle in radian
+theta=theta*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(theta,"glancing angle in degree")
+// 2nd part
+n=2;//order of reflection
+theta=asin(n*lamda/(2*d));// glacing angle in radian
+theta=theta*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(theta,"glancing angle in degree")
diff --git a/2708/CH16/EX16.1/ex_16_1.sce b/2708/CH16/EX16.1/ex_16_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aa37927f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH16/EX16.1/ex_16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 16.1 //de-broglie wavelength
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+h=6.62D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+m=9.1D-31;// mass of electron in Kg
+V=1.25D3;// Potential difference in kV
+E=V*1.6D-19;// energy associated to potential in joule
+lamda=h/sqrt(2*m*E);// formula to calculate
+disp(lamda,"de broglie wavelength in m ")
+
+//in book it is wronglly calculated
diff --git a/2708/CH16/EX16.2/ex_16_2.sce b/2708/CH16/EX16.2/ex_16_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..90b40c25e --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH16/EX16.2/ex_16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 16.2 //Energy of Neutrons
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+m=1.674D-27;// mass of neutron in kg
+h=6.60D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+lamda=1D-10;// de-broglie wavelength in m
+E=h^2/(2*m*lamda^2);// energy of neutrons in joules
+E=E/1.6D-19;// to convert in eV
+disp(E,"energy of neutons in eV")
diff --git a/2708/CH16/EX16.3/ex_16_3.sce b/2708/CH16/EX16.3/ex_16_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d198f9c55 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH16/EX16.3/ex_16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 16.3 //frequency & energy of photon
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+lamda=4D-7;// de-Broglie wavelength in m
+c=3D8;// speed of light in m/s
+h=6.62D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+v=c/lamda;// frequency of photon in Hz
+E=h*v;// energy in joules
+E=E/1.6D-19;// Energy in eV
+disp(v,"frequency of photon in Hz")
+disp(E,"Energy of Photon in eV")
diff --git a/2708/CH16/EX16.4/ex_16_4.sce b/2708/CH16/EX16.4/ex_16_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b9e2e6a32 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH16/EX16.4/ex_16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 16.4 //de-broglie wavelength of neutrons
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+k=1.38D-23;// Boltzmann's Constant in joules per K
+T=27;// temperature in degree
+m=1.67D-27;// mass of neutron in kg
+h=6.62D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+T=T+273;// to convert in K
+lamda=h/sqrt(2*m*k*T);// De-broglie Wavelength in m
+disp(lamda,"De-broglie Wavelength in m")
diff --git a/2708/CH16/EX16.5/ex_16_5.sce b/2708/CH16/EX16.5/ex_16_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..545d8589d --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH16/EX16.5/ex_16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 16.5 //de-broglie wavelength
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+m=1.67D-27;// mass of proton in kg
+h=6.62D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+V=2000;// potential Dfference
+ma=4*m;// mass of alpha particle in kg
+q=2*1.6D-19;// charge on alpha particle
+lamda=h/sqrt(2*ma*q*V);// formula to calculate
+disp(lamda,"de-broglie wavelength in m")
diff --git a/2708/CH16/EX16.6/ex_16_6.sce b/2708/CH16/EX16.6/ex_16_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..200b88673 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH16/EX16.6/ex_16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 16.6 //energy of photoelectrons emitted
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+h=6.62D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+c=3D8;//speed of ight
+lamda=6D-7;// Threshlod wavelength in m
+v=6D14;// frequency in Hz
+E=h*(v-c/lamda);// energy in joules
+E=E/1.6D-19;// to convert in eV
+disp(E,"energy of electrons emitted in eV")
diff --git a/2708/CH17/EX17.1/ex_17_1.sce b/2708/CH17/EX17.1/ex_17_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c96913b9c --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH17/EX17.1/ex_17_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 17.1 //Uncertainty in angle of Emergence
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+E=3.2D-17;//energy of enectron in J
+m=9.1D-31;// mass of electron in kg
+h=6.626D-34;// plank's constant in J.sec
+r=1D-6;//radius of circular hole in m
+p=sqrt(2*m*E);// momentum in Kg.m/sec
+delta_x=2*r;// uncetainty in position in m
+delta_p=h/(delta_x);// uncertainty in momentum in Kg.m/sec
+delta_theta=delta_p/p;//uncertainty in angle of emergence
+disp(delta_theta," Uncertainty in angle of Emergence in radian");
+
+ //in book it is wrongly calculated
diff --git a/2708/CH17/EX17.2/ex_17_2.sce b/2708/CH17/EX17.2/ex_17_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..49e4c4d75 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH17/EX17.2/ex_17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 17.2 //Uncertainty in frequency & uncertainty in velocity
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+ha=1.0545D-34;// average plank's constant in J.sec
+h=6.626D-34;// plank's constant in J.sec
+t=1D-8;//average time elapse in excitation in sec
+E=ha/t;// uncertainty in energy in j
+f=E/h;//Uncertainty in Energy in Hz
+disp(E,"uncertainty in energy in j")
+disp(f,"Uncertainty in Energy in Hz")
diff --git a/2708/CH18/EX18.1/ex_18_1.sce b/2708/CH18/EX18.1/ex_18_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1885cf4e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH18/EX18.1/ex_18_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 18.1 //Fermi Energy
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+P=.971D3;// density in Kg/m3
+N=6D26;// Avogadro number in atoms/Kg-mole
+W=22.99;//atomic weigh of sodium
+a=N*P/W;// electron density
+m=9.1D-31;// mass of electron in kg
+h=6.626D-34;// plank's constant in joules-sec
+E=((h^2)/(2*m))*(3*a/%pi)^(2/3);// fermi energy in J
+disp(E,"Fermi energy in J")
+//in book formula taken wrongly
diff --git a/2708/CH18/EX18.2/ex_18_2.sce b/2708/CH18/EX18.2/ex_18_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..77f94d6ae --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH18/EX18.2/ex_18_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 18.2 // Energy difference
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+h=1.0545D-34;// averge Plank's constant in J-s
+m=9.1D-31;// mass of electron in kg
+a=1D-10;// dimension of box in meter
+E1=((h^2)/(2*m))*(%pi/a)^2;//fermi energy of first level in j
+E2=2*((h^2)/(m))*(%pi/a)^2;//fermi energy of second level in J
+D=E2-E1;// difference of energy
+disp(D,"energy difference in J")
diff --git a/2708/CH19/EX19.1/ex_19_1.sce b/2708/CH19/EX19.1/ex_19_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb59f8841 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH19/EX19.1/ex_19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + //Example 19.1 // density of electrons and holes
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+//2(2%pikm/h2)^1.5=p(assume) it is a constant
+p=4.83D21;//constant
+T=300;//temperature in kelvin
+E=.7;//semiconductor with gap in eV
+k=1.38D-23;// Boltzmann constant
+d=k*T/1.6D-19;// to convert in eV
+ni=p*((300)^1.5)*exp(-1*E/d);//formula for concentration of intrinsic charge carrier
+disp(ni,"density of electrons and holes in per m3")
+// in book it is wrongly calculated
diff --git a/2708/CH19/EX19.2/ex_19_2.sce b/2708/CH19/EX19.2/ex_19_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f7a4169b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH19/EX19.2/ex_19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 19.2 // position of fermi level
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+//2(2%pikm/h2)^1.5=p(assume) it is a constant
+p=4.83D21;//constant
+nd=5D22;// concentration of donor atoms in atoms/m3
+T=300;// temperature in kelvin
+k=1.38D-23;// Boltzmann constant
+E=k*T*log(p*T^1.5/nd);//formula for calcilation
+E=E/1.6D-19;//to convert in eV
+disp(E,"position of fermi level in eV")
diff --git a/2708/CH19/EX19.3/ex_19_3.sce b/2708/CH19/EX19.3/ex_19_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..00dc575db --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH19/EX19.3/ex_19_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 19.3 // position of fermi level
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+Eo=.3;// initial position in eV
+T=300;//initially temperature in kelvin
+T1=330;// final temperature in kelvin
+E=Eo*T1/T;// (formula to calculate) final position in eV
+disp(E,"new position of fermi level in eV")
diff --git a/2708/CH19/EX19.4/ex_19_4.sce b/2708/CH19/EX19.4/ex_19_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..af66e4768 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH19/EX19.4/ex_19_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Example 19.4 // Hall coefficient Hall voltage
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+p=4.83D21;//constant
+a=.428D-9;// unil cell side in m
+E=.15;// fermi level in eV
+k=1.38D-23;// Boltzmann constant
+h=6.626D-34;// plank constant in J-s
+T=300;// temperature in kelvin
+me=9.1D-31;// mass of electron in kg
+me1=.014*me;// effective mass in kg
+mh=.18*me;// effective mass of hole
+I=.1;// current in Amp
+B=.1;// magnetic field in tesla
+b=1D-3;// width of speciman in m
+n=2/a^3;// no. of atoms per unit volume
+d=k*T/1.6D-19;// to convert in eV
+e=1.6D-19;// charge of electron
+R=1/(n*e);// Hall constant
+disp(R,"Hall coefficient for sodium in m3/C")
+// in second part InSb
+n1=2*((2*%pi*k*T/h^2)^1.5)*((me1*mh)^(3/4))*exp(-1*.15/(2*d));
+// formula for concentration in per m3
+R1=1/(n1*e);// Hall coefficient in m3/C
+V=R*I*B/b;// Hall voltage in V
+V1=R1*I*B/b// Hall voltage
+disp(V,"Hall voltage of sodium")
+disp(R1,"Hall coefficient for Insb in m3/C")
+disp(V1,"Hall Voltage of Insb")
+
+
+
diff --git a/2708/CH19/EX19.5/ex_19_5.sce b/2708/CH19/EX19.5/ex_19_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..445e60ce3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH19/EX19.5/ex_19_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 19.5 // energy of electron
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+h=6.626D-34;// plank constant in J-s
+a=.3D-9;// unit cell width in m
+p=h/(2*a);// electron momentum
+m=9.1D-31;// mass of electron in Kg
+E=p^2/(m*2);// formula for energy
+disp(p,"electron momentum in Kg m/s")
+E=E/1.6D-19;// ro convert in ev
+disp(E,"energy of electron at this momentum in eV")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX1.2/ex_2_2.sce b/2708/CH2/EX1.2/ex_2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..660e22846 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX1.2/ex_2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 2.2 // Wavelength of light
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+a=.2D-3;//slit width in m
+D=2;// screen is placed at distance in m
+x=5D-3;// first minima lies at distance to central maxima
+w=(a*x)/D;// wavelength of light in m
+w=w*1D10;// to convert in A
+disp(w,"wavelength of light used in A")
+
+
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.1/ex_2_1.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.1/ex_2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2d928a8e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.1/ex_2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2.1 // Half angular width of differation pattern
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=6D-7;// wavelength of monochromatic light in m
+a=12D-7;// slit width in m
+theta=asin(w/a);//half angular width of central bright maxima
+theta=theta*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(theta,"Half angular width of central bright maxima in degree")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.10/ex_2_10.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.10/ex_2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..661a84cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.10/ex_2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2.10 //Difference of wavelengths
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+d_theta=.01;// change of diffraction angle
+theta=%pi/6;// diffraction angle
+w=5000;// wavelength used in A
+dw=w*d_theta*cotg(theta)//change of wavelength in A
+disp(dw,"difference of wavelength in A")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.11/ex_2_11.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.11/ex_2_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a7122d492 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.11/ex_2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.11 // Dispersive power
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+c=1/4000;// grating element
+w=5D-5;// wavelength of light in cm
+n=3;// order of spectrum
+D=n/(c*sqrt(1-((n*w/c)^2)));//dispersive power in radian per cm
+disp(D,"Dispersive power in rad/sec")
+// in book there is calculation mistake
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.12/ex_2_12.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.12/ex_2_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3f41a9c26 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.12/ex_2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 2.12 //Difference of wavelengths
+clc;
+clear;
+//part a
+l=5;// length of grating
+N=16000;// no. of lines per inch on the grating
+w=6000;// wavelength used in A
+n=2;// order of specrum
+T=N*l;//total no. of lines on grating
+R=T*n;// resolving power
+disp(R,"resolving power..")
+//part b
+dw=w/(T*n);// wavelength can be resolved in A
+disp(dw,"wavelength can be resolved in A")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.13/ex_2_14.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.13/ex_2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..22d6f0f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.13/ex_2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 2.14 //Resolving power
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+c=12.5D-5;// grating element in cm
+w=5D-5;// wavelength used in cm
+N=40000;//no. of lines on grating
+n=c/w;// order for maximum resolving power
+n=floor(n);//n should be integer
+P=n*N;// maximum resolving power
+disp(P,"Resolving power ")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.14/ex_2_14.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.14/ex_2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..22d6f0f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.14/ex_2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 2.14 //Resolving power
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+c=12.5D-5;// grating element in cm
+w=5D-5;// wavelength used in cm
+N=40000;//no. of lines on grating
+n=c/w;// order for maximum resolving power
+n=floor(n);//n should be integer
+P=n*N;// maximum resolving power
+disp(P,"Resolving power ")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.15/ex_2_15.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.15/ex_2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e09a3f468 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.15/ex_2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2.14 //Radius of half period element
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+f=50;//focal length of convex lens in cm
+w=5D-5;// wavelength used in cm
+n=1;// order of principal maxima
+r=sqrt(n*f*w);// radius of half period element
+disp(r,"Radius of half period element in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.16/ex_2_16.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.16/ex_2_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f8c9b6ce --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.16/ex_2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.16 //position of brightest spot
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+d=.2;// diameter of ring
+n=1;//order of ring
+w=5D-5;//wavelength used in cm
+r=d/2;// radius of ring
+f=(r^2)/(w*n);//position of brightest spot
+disp(f,"position of brightest spot in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.17/ex_2_17.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.17/ex_2_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..23ea7547f --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.17/ex_2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 2.17 //radii of transparent zone
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+f=1;//focal length in m
+n=1;//order of zone
+w=5893D-10;// wavelength used in m
+r=sqrt(n*f*w);//radius of transparent zone
+disp(r,"radius of tranparent in m")
+n=3;//next order
+r=sqrt(n*f*w);//radius of transparent zone
+disp(r,"radius of tranparent in m")
+n=5;//next order
+r=sqrt(n*f*w);//radius of transparent zone
+disp(r,"radius of tranparent in m")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.18/ex_2_18.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.18/ex_2_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8c4426562 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.18/ex_2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 2.18 // focal length of zone plate
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+r=200;// radius of curvature in cm
+f=r;//principal focal length in cm
+disp(f,"principal focal length in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.19/ex_2_19.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.19/ex_2_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..017e567a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.19/ex_2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example 2.19 //Angular sepration
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+n=1;// order of spectrum
+wi=.5;// width of grating in cm
+N=2500;//total no. of lines
+c=wi/N;//grating element
+w1=589D-7;// first wavelength of sodium in cm
+//part a
+theta1=asin(n*w1/c)//angular width in radian
+theta1=theta1*180/%pi;//angular width in degree
+disp(theta1,"angular width in degree")
+w2=5896D-8;//second wavelength of sodium in cm
+//part b
+theta2=asin(n*w2/c)//angular width in radian
+theta2=theta2*180/%pi;//angular width in degree
+disp(theta2,"angular width in degree")
+theta=theta2-theta1;//angular sepration degree
+disp(theta,"angular sepration in degree")
+w=(w1+w2)/2;//mid wavelength
+dw=6D-8;// change of wavelength in cm
+n=1;//order of spectrum
+N=w/(n*dw);//no. of lines will appear
+N=floor(N);// N should be integer
+if(1/c>N)
+ disp(N,"No. of lines will appear")
+else
+ disp("they can not be seen differently ")
+end
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.3/ex_2_3.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.3/ex_2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3ff619105 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.3/ex_2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2.3 // slit width
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=6D-7;// wavelength of light used in m
+D=2;// screen is placed at distance in m
+x=5D-3;// first minima lies at distance to central maxima
+a=(w*D)/x;//slit width in m
+disp(a,"slit width in m")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.4/ex_2_4.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.4/ex_2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6950a3cfc --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.4/ex_2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 2.4 // Angular width & linear width of central maxima
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=589D-9;// wavelength of light used in m
+D=1;// screen is placed at distance in m
+a=.1D-3;//slit width in m
+theta=asin(w/a);//half angular width in radian
+angle=2*theta;// angular width in radian
+disp(angle,"Angular width of central maxima in radian")
+y=D*angle;// linear width of central maxima in m
+y=y*100;// to convert in cm
+disp(y,"linear width of central maxima in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.5/ex_2_5.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.5/ex_2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e8600031a --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.5/ex_2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 2.5 // wavelength of light used
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+c=1/5000;// grating element
+theta=%pi/6;//spectral line deviated
+n=2;//order of spectral line
+w=(c*sin(theta))/(n);//wavelength in cm
+w=w*1D8;//to convert in A
+disp(w,"wavelength of ligth used in A")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.6/ex_2_6.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.6/ex_2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..671dea6ab --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.6/ex_2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 2.6 // minimum number of lines in grating
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w1=589D-9;//wavelength of one sodium line
+w2=5896D-10//wavelength of second line
+dw=w2-w1;//change of wavelength
+w=(w1+w2)/2;// mid wavelength
+n=1;//order of spectrum
+N=w/(n*dw);//number of lines in grating
+N=floor(N);//no. should be integer
+disp(N,"number of lines in grating")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.7/ex_2_7.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.7/ex_2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3de461cf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.7/ex_2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 2.7 // order of spectrum
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=5D-5;//wavelength of light used in cm
+c=1/5000;//grating element
+n=c/w;//order of spectrum
+disp(n,"order of spectrum")
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.8/ex_2_8.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.8/ex_2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..60ac942c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.8/ex_2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Example 2.8 //angular separtion
+clc;
+clear;
+//part a
+c=1/5000;//grating element
+w1=5890D-8;// in first case first wavelength used in cm
+n=2;//order of spectrum
+theta=asin((n*w1)/c);//angular separton in radian
+theta=theta*180/%pi;//to convert in degree
+disp(theta,"angular width in degree")
+//part b
+w2=5896D-8;// in second case second wavelength used in cm
+n=2;//order of spectrum
+theta1=asin((n*w2)/c);//angular separton in radian
+theta1=theta1*180/%pi;//to convert in degree
+disp(theta1,"angular width in degree")
+a=theta1-theta;//angular separation in degree
+disp(a,"angular separation in degree")
+//part c
+w=5893D-8;// mid wavelength
+dw=w2-w1;// change in wavelength
+n=2;//order of spectrum
+N=w/(dw*n);//no. of lines in grating
+N=floor(N);//N should be integer
+disp(N,"no. of lines in grating")
+
diff --git a/2708/CH2/EX2.9/ex_2_9.sce b/2708/CH2/EX2.9/ex_2_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..af57e6c32 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH2/EX2.9/ex_2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 2.9 //No. of lines in grating
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data
+w1=54D-6;// first wavelength used in cm
+w2=405D-7;// second wavelength used in cm
+//first wavelength order superimposed on next higher order
+theta=%pi/6;//angle of diffraction in radian
+c=(w1*w2/(w1-w2))/sin(theta);//grating element
+N=1/c;// no. of lines per cm
+N=round(N);// N should be integer
+disp(N,"No. of lines in grating")
+
diff --git a/2708/CH21/EX21.1/ex_21_1.sce b/2708/CH21/EX21.1/ex_21_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9c7650f35 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH21/EX21.1/ex_21_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 21.1 // electron spin magnetic dipole moment
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+ub=5.6D-5;//electron spin magnetic moment in eV
+kbT=1/40;//approximate value kb(constant) & at room temperature in eV
+u=ub/kbT;//formula
+if(u<1)
+ disp(u,"electron spin magnetic dipole moment & kbT/ub>>1")
+
+ else
+ disp(u,"kbT/ub<<1 so it is wrong")
+ end
diff --git a/2708/CH21/EX21.2/ex_21_2.sce b/2708/CH21/EX21.2/ex_21_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9c391773 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH21/EX21.2/ex_21_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 21.2 // diamagnetic susceptibility
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+r=.53D-8;//(mean radius)bohr radius in cm
+N=27D23;//atomic density in per cm2
+k=2.8D-13//k=e2/mc2constants e-electron m-mass c=speed of light in cm
+X=-2*(N*k/6)*r^2;//formula for 2 electrons
+disp(X,"diamagnetic susceptibility of helium atom")
diff --git a/2708/CH22/EX22.1/ex_22_1.sce b/2708/CH22/EX22.1/ex_22_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ce1ab0691 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH22/EX22.1/ex_22_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 22.1 // critical field & transition temperature
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+T=4.2;//to calculate critical field at T (kelvin)
+Hc1=1.4D5;// critical magnetic field in amp/m
+Hc2=4.2D5;//critical magnetic field in amp/m
+T1=14;//temperature in kelvin
+T2=13;//temperature ]in kevin
+Tc=sqrt(.5*((T2^2-T1^2)*(Hc1+Hc2)/(Hc1-Hc2)+T1^2+T2^2));// transition temperature
+H=Hc1/(1-(T1/Tc)^2);//field at 0 degree
+Hc=H*(1-(T/Tc)^2)
+disp(Tc,"transition temperature in kelvin")
+disp(Hc,"Critical field at T in amp/m")
+
+//little error due to approximations in book
diff --git a/2708/CH22/EX22.2/ex_22_2.sce b/2708/CH22/EX22.2/ex_22_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bd0d99553 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH22/EX22.2/ex_22_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 22.2 // critical temperature +clc; +clear; +//given data : +Tc1=4.185;//critical temperature in kelvin +M=199.5;// isotropic mass +M1=203.4;//isotropic mass +Tc2=Tc1*(M/M1)^.5;// formula +disp(Tc2,"critical temperature in kelvin") diff --git a/2708/CH22/EX22.3/ex_22_3.sce b/2708/CH22/EX22.3/ex_22_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be4bc92e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH22/EX22.3/ex_22_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 22.3 // critical current density
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+d=1D-3;//diameter of wire in m
+Ho=6.5D4;//critical field at temperature at 0k
+Tc=7.18;// critical temperature in kelvin
+T=4.2;//temperature in kelvin
+Hc=Ho*(1-(T/Tc)^2);//critical field at T kelvin
+Jc=4*Hc/d;//formula
+disp(Jc,"critical current density in A/m2")
diff --git a/2708/CH22/EX22.4/ex_22_4.sce b/2708/CH22/EX22.4/ex_22_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..20f6e1b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH22/EX22.4/ex_22_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 22.4 // penetration depth
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+w=750;// penetration depth in A
+T=3.5;// temperature in kelvin
+Tc=4.12;// critical temperature in kelvin
+d=13.55D3;//density of mercury
+N=6.023D23;// avogadro number
+M=200D-3;//molecular weight in kg
+wo=w*(1-(T/Tc)^4)^.5;//formula
+disp(wo,"penetration depth in A(angstrom)")
+//n0=d*N/M;//normal electron density at 0 degre
+//n=n0*(1-(T/Tc)^4);//electron density at T
+//disp(n)
+
+//according to question the answer is upto Wo only.
+
+
+
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.1/ex_3_1.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.1/ex_3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4120aaef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.1/ex_3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.1 // Angle of Polarization
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=1.54;//refractive index of glass
+i=atan(u);//incidence angle in radian
+r=%pi/2 -i;//refraction angle in radian brewester's law
+r=r*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(r,"angle of refraction in degree")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.10/ex_3_10.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.10/ex_3_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be40793b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.10/ex_3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.10 // Strength of solution
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+l=2;//length of solution in decimeter
+theta=12;// angle of rotation in degree
+S=60;//specific rotation in degree
+C=theta/(S*l);// concentration in gm/cc
+disp(C,"strength of solution in gm/cc")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.11/ex_3_11.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.11/ex_3_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5b4950022 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.11/ex_3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.5 // Thickness of quarter wave plate
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+b=.172;//bifringe of plate
+w=6D-7;// wavelength of light used in m
+t=w/(4*(b));//thickness of in m
+t=t*100;// to convert in cm
+disp(t,"thickness of quarter wave plate in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.2/ex_3_2.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.2/ex_3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3b0dd302b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.2/ex_3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 3.2 // Refractive index of glass
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+i=%pi/3;// incidence angle in radian
+//reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other
+u=tan(i);//Refractive index
+disp(u,"Refractive index of glass")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.3/ex_3_3.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.3/ex_3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6a7c280cb --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.3/ex_3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 3.3 // Thickness of doubly refracting crystal
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+Uo=1.55;//refractive index for O ray
+Ue=1.54;//refractive index for E ray
+w=6D-7;// wavelength of light used in m
+p=w/2;// path difference in m
+t=w/(2*(Uo-Ue));//thickness of in m
+disp(t*1D2,"thickness of doubly refracting crystal in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.4/ex_3_4.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.4/ex_3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..31c08fd3a --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.4/ex_3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 3.4 // Thickness of half wave plate
+clc;
+//given data :
+Uo=1.54;//Refractive index for Ordinary light
+r=1.007;//ratio of velocity of ordinary to extraordinary
+Ue=r*Uo;//refractive index for extraordinary light
+w=5893D-10;// wavelength of light used in m
+t=w/(2*(Uo-Ue));// thickness of half wave plate in m
+t=abs(t);// thickness always positive
+disp(t,"Thickness of half wave plate in m")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.5/ex_3_5.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.5/ex_3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..890ee82c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.5/ex_3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 3.5 // Thickness of quarter wave plate
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+Uo=1.652;//refractive index for O ray
+Ue=1.488;//refractive index for E ray
+w=546D-9;// wavelength of light used in m
+p=w/2;// path difference in m
+t=w/(4*(Uo-Ue));//thickness of in m
+t=t*100;// to convert in cm
+disp(t,"thickness of quarter wave plate in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.6/ex_3_6.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.6/ex_3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..de5706219 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.6/ex_3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 3.6 // Thickness of Calcite plate
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+Uo=1.658;//refractive index for O ray
+Ue=1.486;//refractive index for E ray
+w=589D-9;// wavelength of light used in m
+n=1;//integer for odd multiples
+t=(2*n-1)*w/(4*(Uo-Ue));//thickness of Calcite plate in m
+t=t*100;// to convert in cm
+disp(t,"thickness of Calcite plate in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.7/ex_3_7.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.7/ex_3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50d8a9fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.7/ex_3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 3.7 // Amount of optical rotation
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+Ur=1.55810;// refractive index for right handed polarized
+Ul=1.55821;//refractive index for left handed polarized
+w=4D-7;//wavelength of light used in m
+d=.002;// thickness of plate in m
+R=%pi*d*(Ul-Ur)/w;// rotation in radian
+R=R*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(R,"Amount of optical rotation in degree")
+// in book it is wrongly calculated
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.8/ex_3_8.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.8/ex_3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b06a200bc --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.8/ex_3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 3.8 // Phase retardation
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+Uo=1.5508;//refractive index for O ray
+Ue=1.5418;//refractive index for E ray
+w=5D-7;// wavelength of light used in m
+t=.000032;// thickness of plate in m
+p=2*%pi*(Uo-Ue)*t/w;//phase retardation in radian
+disp(p,"phase retardation in radian")
diff --git a/2708/CH3/EX3.9/ex_3_9.sce b/2708/CH3/EX3.9/ex_3_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..55828a5e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH3/EX3.9/ex_3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 3.9 // Specific rotation
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+theta=6.5;// angle of rotation in degree
+l=2;// length of sugar solution in decimeter
+C=.05;// concentration of sugar solution
+S=theta/(l*C);//specific rotation in degree
+disp(S,"specific rotation of sugar solution in degree")
diff --git a/2708/CH4/EX4.1/ex_4_1.sce b/2708/CH4/EX4.1/ex_4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec5c3bc68 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH4/EX4.1/ex_4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 4.1 // Coherence length for laser
+clc;
+//given data :
+v=3000;// bandwidth in Hz
+c=3D8;//speed of light in m/s
+t=1/v;//Coherence time in sec
+l=c*t;//coherence length in m
+l=l/1D3;// to convert in km
+disp(l,"Coherence length for laser in km")
diff --git a/2708/CH4/EX4.2/ex_4_2.sce b/2708/CH4/EX4.2/ex_4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..951d0833a --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH4/EX4.2/ex_4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Example 4.2 // transverse Coherence length
+clc;
+//given data :
+theta=32;//angle on slit in second
+theta=32*%pi/(60*180);// to convert in radian
+w=5D-5;// wavelength of light used in cm
+C=w/theta;//coherence length in cm
+disp(C,"transverse coherence length in cm")
diff --git a/2708/CH4/EX4.3/ex_4_3.sce b/2708/CH4/EX4.3/ex_4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f5d2fd07 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH4/EX4.3/ex_4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 4.3 // Degree of non-monochromacity
+clc;
+//given data :
+t=1D-10;//coherence time in sec
+c=3D8;//speed of light in m/s
+w=54D-8;// wavelength of non-monochromacity in m
+B=1/t;//bandwidth in Hz
+v=c/w;//frequency of source
+D=B/v;// degree of non-monochromacity
+disp(D,"degree of non-monochromacity")
diff --git a/2708/CH5/EX5.1/ex_5_1.sce b/2708/CH5/EX5.1/ex_5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..28b3255cf --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH5/EX5.1/ex_5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 5.1
+clc;
+// 1st part //critical angle
+u1=1.48;// refractive index of cladding
+u2=1.5;// refractive index of core
+u=1;// refractive index of air
+theta=asin(u1/u2);// critical angle in radian
+theta=theta*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(theta,"critical angle in degree")
+// 2nd part //fractional refractive index
+Fr=(u2-u1)/u2;// fractional refractive index
+Fr=Fr*100;// to convert in percent
+disp(Fr,"fractional refractive index in percentage")
+// 3rd part // acceptance angle
+A=asin(sqrt(u2^2-u1^2));// Acceptance angle in radian
+disp(A,"Acceptance angle in radian")
+// 4th part //numerical aperture
+NA=sin(A);// Numerical aperture
+disp(NA,"Numerical aperture ")
diff --git a/2708/CH5/EX5.2/ex_5_2.sce b/2708/CH5/EX5.2/ex_5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e45ee8cb --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH5/EX5.2/ex_5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 5.2
+clc;
+// 1st part // V number
+NA=.22;// Numerical aperture
+a=50/2;// radius of core
+w=.850;//wavelength in um
+V=2*%pi*a*NA/w;// V number
+disp(V,"V number")
+// 2nd part // number of modes
+N=(V^2)/4;// number of modes
+disp(N,"number of modes")
diff --git a/2708/CH5/EX5.3/ex_5_3.sce b/2708/CH5/EX5.3/ex_5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e7a151f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH5/EX5.3/ex_5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 5.3 // refractive index
+clc;
+// given data
+NA=.22;//Numerical Aperature
+Fr=.012;//Fractional refractive index
+u1=NA/sqrt(Fr*(2-Fr));// refractive index of core
+u2=sqrt(u1^2-NA^2);// refractive index of clad
+disp(u1,"Refractive index of core")
+disp(u2,"Refractive index of clad")
diff --git a/2708/CH5/EX5.4/ex_5_4.sce b/2708/CH5/EX5.4/ex_5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f257f0872 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH5/EX5.4/ex_5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 8.2 // Numerical Aperture & acceptance angle
+clc;
+//given data :
+u1=1.62;//refractive index of core
+u2=1.52;// refractive index of clad
+A=asin(sqrt(u1^2-u2^2));// acceptance angle in radian
+NA=sin(A);// numerical aperture
+A=A*180/%pi;// to convert in degree
+disp(A,"Acceptance angle in degree")
+disp(NA,"Numerical Aperture")
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.1/ex_6_1.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.1/ex_6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d00a0c433 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.1/ex_6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 6.1 // Equilibrium position time
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+A=.05;//Amplitude of SHM in m
+T=6;// period in sec
+Xo=A;// equilibrium position at t=0 position in m
+X=.025;//equilibrium position in m
+w=2*%pi/T;// angular frequency in rad/sec
+ph=asin(Xo/A);// phase angle in radian
+t=(asin(X/A)-ph)/w// time for equilibrium position in sec
+t=abs(t);// it take positive magnitude
+disp(t,"time to move from Equilibrium position in sec")
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.2/ex_6_2.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.2/ex_6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a161e9e90 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.2/ex_6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 6.2 // Maximum velocity in SHM
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+A=.06;// Amplitude of SHM in m
+T=31.4;// period in sec
+w=2*%pi/T;// angular frequency in rad/sec
+V=A*w;// maximum velocity in m/s
+disp(V,"Maximum velocity in m/s" )
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.3/ex_6_3.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.3/ex_6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..01e7683f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.3/ex_6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 6.3 // Period of Oscillation
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+l=1;// length of pendulum in m
+m=1;// mass of pendulum in kg
+g=9.8;//acceleration of gravity in m/s2
+T=2*%pi*sqrt(l/g);//time period
+disp(T,"Period of Oscillation in sec")
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.4/ex_6_4.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.4/ex_6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ffe50851 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.4/ex_6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 6.4 // Period of Oscillation
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+m1=8;// mass suspended in kg
+l=.32;// length of spring stretched in m
+m=.5;// new mass suspended in kg
+g=9.8;//acceleration of gravity in m/s2
+k=m1*g/l;// force constant of spring in N/m
+disp(k)
+T=2*%pi*sqrt(m/k);// time period of Oscillation
+disp(T,"Time Period of Oscillation sec")
+// in book it is wrongly calculated
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.6/ex_6_6.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.6/ex_6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c6a8626b --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.6/ex_6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 6.6 // oscillation time
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+r=10;//ratio of energies
+Q=1D4;//quality factor
+v=250;// frequency of fork in cycles/s
+w=2*%pi*v;//angular frequency in rad/sec
+T=Q/w;// relaxation time in sec
+t=T*log(r);// time in sec
+disp(t,"time to become new energy in sec")
+
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.7/ex_6_7.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.7/ex_6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed95eeb35 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.7/ex_6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 6.7 // Equilibrium position time
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+r=exp(2);//ratio of amplitude
+Q=2D3;//quality factor
+v=240;// frequency of fork in cycles/s
+w=2*%pi*v;//angular frequency in rad/sec
+T=Q/w;// relaxation time in sec
+t=2*T*log(r);//time for ne amplitude
+disp(t,"time to become for new amplitude in sec")
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.8/ex_6_8.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.8/ex_6_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..97d243dca --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.8/ex_6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 6.8
+clc;
+clear;
+//part a :
+Ao=.1;// amplitude at minimum frequency in mm
+A=100;//maximum amplitude
+Q=A/Ao;//quality factor
+disp(Q,"Quality factor")
+//part b
+w=100;//resonance frequency in rad/sec
+T=Q/w;//energy decay time
+disp(T,"energy decay time in sec")
+//part c
+hw=1/(2*T);// half width of power resonance curve
+disp(hw,"half width of power resonance curve in rad/sec")
diff --git a/2708/CH6/EX6.9/ex_6_9.sce b/2708/CH6/EX6.9/ex_6_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8c32054e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH6/EX6.9/ex_6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 6.9 // amplitude of oscillations & relative phase
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+m=.1;//suspended mass in kg
+k=100;// force constant in N/m
+Fo=2;// maximum driving force in N
+p=1;// constant in Ns/m
+Wo=sqrt(k/m);//angular frequency in rad/sec in steady state;
+W=50;//angular frequency in rad/sec
+f=Fo/m;
+d=p/(2*m);//damping constant
+B=f/sqrt(((Wo^2)-(W^2))^2+4*(d^2)*(W^2));//amplitude of Oscillation in m
+delta=atan(2*d*W/(Wo^2-W^2));// relative phase in radian
+disp(B,"amplitude of oscillations in m")
+delta=delta*180/%pi +180;// to convert in 0 t0 180 in degree
+disp(delta,"relative phase in degree")
diff --git a/2708/CH7/EX7.1/ex_7_1.sce b/2708/CH7/EX7.1/ex_7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..771b247ba --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH7/EX7.1/ex_7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 7.1 // Energy of plane wave
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+u=(4D-7*%pi);// permeability(free space) in H/m
+e=8.85D-12;// permitivity(free space) in Farad/m
+H=1;// magnetic field in amp/m
+E=H*sqrt(u/e);// formula to calculate
+disp(E,"magnitude of Energy of plane wave in V/m")
diff --git a/2708/CH7/EX7.2/ex_7_2.sce b/2708/CH7/EX7.2/ex_7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b6dcebbe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH7/EX7.2/ex_7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 7.2
+clc;
+clear;
+// 1st part //impedence of medium
+ur=1;//relative permeability
+er=2;//relative permitivity
+uo=(4D-7*%pi);// permeability(free space) in H/m
+eo=8.85D-12;// permitivity(free space) in Farad/m
+u=ur*uo;//permeability(medium) in H/m
+e=er*eo;//permitivity(medium) in Farad/m
+Z=sqrt(u/e);// impedence of medium
+disp(Z,"impedence of medium in ohm")
+// 2nd part //peak magnetic field intensity
+Eo=5;//peak electric field strength in V/m
+Ho=Eo/Z;// Intensity of magnetic field in A/m
+disp(Ho,"Intensity of magnetic field in A/m")
+// 3rd part //velocity of electromagnetic wave
+v=1/sqrt(u*e);//velocity in m/s
+disp(v,"velocity of magnetic field in m/s")
diff --git a/2708/CH7/EX7.3/ex_7_3.sce b/2708/CH7/EX7.3/ex_7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53e58d58f --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH7/EX7.3/ex_7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 7.3
+clc;
+clear;
+// 1st part //wavelength of wave
+f=3D11;//frequency of wave in Hz
+c=3D8;// speed of light in m/s
+w=c/f;// wavelength in m
+disp(w,"wavelength of wave in m")
+// 2nd part // amplitude of Oscillating magnetic field
+Eo=50;// amplitude of electric field in V/m
+Bo=Eo/c;// ocillating magnetic field in Tesla
+format('e',10);Bo
+disp(Bo,"approx amplitude of oscillating magnetic field in T")
diff --git a/2708/CH7/EX7.4/ex_7_4.sce b/2708/CH7/EX7.4/ex_7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a43fe3ce4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH7/EX7.4/ex_7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 7.4 // solar energy
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+r=1.5D11;//distance from sun to earth
+P=3.8D26;//power radiated by sun
+N=P/(4*%pi*(r^2));// poyting vector (average energy)
+N=N*60/4.2D4 ;//to convert watt/m2 into cal/cm2.min
+N=ceil(N);
+disp(N," average solar energy in cal/cm2.min")
diff --git a/2708/CH7/EX7.5/ex_7_5.sce b/2708/CH7/EX7.5/ex_7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc0f0a297 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH7/EX7.5/ex_7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 7.5 // Dielelctric constant
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+v=.62;// velocity factor of coaxial
+Er=1/v^2;// relative permittivity constant
+disp(Er,"dielectric constant of insulator")
diff --git a/2708/CH8/EX8.1/ex_8_1.sce b/2708/CH8/EX8.1/ex_8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..85b252ec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH8/EX8.1/ex_8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 8.1 // Dielectric
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+k=3;// Dielectric constant
+E=1D6;// field intensity in V/m2
+e=8.85D-12;// permitivity in C2/N.m2
+P=e*(k-1)*E;// polarisation in C/m2
+disp(P,"polarisation in C/m2")
+D=k*e*E;// displacement vector in C/m2
+disp(D,"Displacement in C/m2")
+ED=.5*k*e*E^2;// Energy Density in Joules/m3
+disp(ED,"Energy density in joules/m3")
diff --git a/2708/CH8/EX8.2/ex_8_2.sce b/2708/CH8/EX8.2/ex_8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8628e9b46 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH8/EX8.2/ex_8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 8.2 // Dipole moment of slab
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+D=5D-4;// displacement vector magnitude in m2
+P=4D-4;// Polarisation vector magnitude in m2
+E=D-P;// Field Intensity in m2
+V=.5;// volume of slab in m3
+k=D/E;// dielectric contant
+p=P*V;//total dipole moment in m5
+disp(k,"Dielectric constant")
+disp(p,"total dipole contant in m5")
diff --git a/2708/CH8/EX8.3/ex_8_3.sce b/2708/CH8/EX8.3/ex_8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..31db325d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH8/EX8.3/ex_8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Example 8.3 // electric susceptibility
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+k=1.000038;//dielectric constant
+x=k-1;//electric susceptibility
+disp(x,"electric susceptibility")
diff --git a/2708/CH8/EX8.4/ex_8_4.sce b/2708/CH8/EX8.4/ex_8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1fc91e296 --- /dev/null +++ b/2708/CH8/EX8.4/ex_8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 8.4 // Dipole moment
+clc;
+clear;
+//given data :
+E=100;// Field Intensity in V/m
+k=1.000074;// dielectric contant
+e=8.85D-12;// permitivity in Farad/m
+p=22.4D-3;// dipole moment
+N=6D23/(22.4D-3);// no. of atoms per unit volume at NTP
+p=e*(k-1)*E/N;// dipole moment in C-m
+disp(p,"total moment in C-m")
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