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+clc
+Nv=7*10^18
+disp("Nv = "+string(Nv)+"cm^-3")//initializing the value of valence band concentration at 300K.
+Nc=4.7*10^17
+disp("Nc = "+string(Nc)+"cm^-3")//initializing the value of conduction band concentration at 300K.
+T1=300
+disp("T = "+string(T1)+"K")//initializing the value of temperature 1.
+T2=450
+disp("T = "+string(T2)+"K")//initializing the value of temperature 2.
+Vt1=0.0259
+disp("Vt1 = "+string(Vt1)+"eV")//initializing the value of thermal voltage at 300K.
+Vt2=0.03881
+disp("Vt2 = "+string(Vt2)+"eV")//initializing the value of thermal voltage at 450K.
+Eg=1.42
+disp("Eg = "+string(Eg)+"eV")//initializing the value of thermal voltage.
+no=(sqrt(Nc*Nv*(exp(-Eg/Vt1))))
+disp("intrinsic concentration at 300K,no=(sqrt(Nc*Nv*(exp(-Eg/Vt1))))= "+string(no))//calculation
+K1=(Nc/((T1)^(3/2)))
+disp("Value of constant,K1=(Nc/((T)^(3/2)))= "+string(K1))//calculation
+k1=(K1*T2^(3/2))
+disp("Value of constant k1 at 450K ,k1=(K1*T2^(3/2))= "+string(k1))//calculation
+K2=(Nv/((T1)^(3/2)))
+disp("Value of constant,K2=(Nv/((T1)^(3/2)))= "+string(K2))//calculation
+k2=(K2*T2^(3/2))
+disp("Value of constant k2 at 450K ,k2=(K2*T2^(3/2))= "+string(k2))//calculation
+K=k1*k2
+disp("Value of constant K,= "+string(K))//calculation
+no1=(sqrt(K*(exp(-Eg/Vt2))))
+disp("intrinsic concentration at 450K,no=(sqrt(K*(exp(-Eg/Vt2))))= "+string(no1)+" cm^3")//calculation
+//this is solved problem 2.17 of chapter 2.
+
+
+