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-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.1/Example_1.sce16
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.10/Example_10.sce17
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.11/Example_11.sce11
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.12/Example_12.sce11
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.13/Example_13.sce19
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.14/Example_14.sce19
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.15/Example_15.sce20
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.16/Example_16.sce22
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.17/Example_17.sce18
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.18/Example_18.sce25
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.19/Example_19.sce20
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.2/Example_2.sce20
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.4/Examlpe_4.sce23
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.5/Example_5.sce27
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.6/Example_6.sce18
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.7/Example_7.sce19
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.8/Example_8.sce23
-rw-r--r--2465/CH3/EX3.9/Example_9.sce25
18 files changed, 353 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.1/Example_1.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.1/Example_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..093b57b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.1/Example_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+//Chapter-3,Example 1,Page 56
+clc;
+close;
+
+M_0=200 //mass of radium
+
+total_time= 8378-1898 //in years
+
+//since t-half for radium is 1620 years
+
+t_half=6480/1620 // number of half lives
+
+m_left=M_0*(1/2)^t_half //mass of radium left
+
+printf('mass of radium left after 6480 years is %.1f mg',m_left)
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.10/Example_10.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.10/Example_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..334f2bd4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.10/Example_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 10,Page 59
+clc;
+close;
+
+t_half = 5577 //half life of carbon(14)
+
+amnt = 1/6 // amount of carbon in fresh wood
+
+t= 2.303*t_half*log10(1/amnt)/0.693
+
+printf('the age of the wood is')
+
+disp(t)
+
+printf('years')
+
+//mistake in textbook
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.11/Example_11.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.11/Example_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..945857c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.11/Example_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 11,Page 59
+clc;
+close;
+
+t_half = 5760 //half life of carbon(14)
+
+amnt = 1/4 // amount of carbon in fresh wood
+
+t= 2.303*t_half*log10(1/amnt)/0.693
+
+printf('the age of the wood is %.f years ',t)
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.12/Example_12.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.12/Example_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e01cce46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.12/Example_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 12,Page 60
+clc;
+close;
+
+t_half =6.13 //half life of Ac(222)
+
+t= 10 //time period
+
+amnt=1/10^(t*0.693/(2.303*t_half))
+
+printf('the amount of the substance left is %.4f ',amnt)
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.13/Example_13.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.13/Example_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe6f94a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.13/Example_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 13,Page 60
+clc;
+close;
+
+//Reaction.....N(14) + He(4) ---> O(17) +H(1)
+
+m_r= 18.01140 // total mass of reactants in a.m.u.
+
+m_p= 18.01264 // total mass of product in a.m.u.
+
+m= m_p -m_r // increase in mass
+
+Q_value= m*931 // in electron volt since 1 a.m.u. =931 MeV
+
+//since mass is increased after reaction
+// Q value is negative
+
+printf('the Q value for the reaction is %.2f MeV',-Q_value)
+
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.14/Example_14.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.14/Example_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..418a68b43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.14/Example_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 14,Page 61
+clc;
+close;
+
+//Reaction.....Li(7) + H(1) ---> He(4) +He(4)
+
+m_r= 8.02636 // total mass of reactants in a.m.u.
+
+m_p= 8.00774 // total mass of product in a.m.u.
+
+m= m_r -m_p // increase in mass
+
+Q_value= m*931 // in electron volt since 1 a.m.u. =931 MeV
+
+//since mass is decreased after reaction
+// Q value is positive
+
+printf('the Q value for the reaction is %.2f MeV',Q_value)
+
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.15/Example_15.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.15/Example_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9db46a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.15/Example_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 15,Page 61
+clc;
+close;
+
+//Reaction.....Li(7) + D(2) ---> He(4) + He(4) + Q
+
+m_Li= 6.01702 // Isotopic mass of Lithium in a.m.u.
+
+m_D= 2.01474 // Isotopic mass of D in a.m.u.
+
+m_He= 4.00387 // Isotopic mass of Helium in a.m.u.
+
+Q_value= (m_Li + m_D - 2*m_He)*931 // in electron volt since 1 a.m.u. =931 MeV
+
+//since mass is decreased after reaction
+// Q value is positive
+
+printf('the Q value for the reaction is %.2f MeV',Q_value)
+
+//mistake in textbook
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.16/Example_16.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.16/Example_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cee4cbed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.16/Example_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 16,Page 61
+clc;
+close;
+
+//Reaction.....U(235) + n(1) ---> Kr(95) + Ba(139) + 2*n(1) + Q
+
+m_U= 235.124 // Isotopic mass of Uranium in a.m.u.
+
+m_n= 1.0099 // mass of neutron in a.m.u.
+
+m_Kr= 94.945 // Isotopic mass of Kripton in a.m.u.
+
+m_Ba=138.954 // Isotopic mass of Ba in a.m.u.
+
+Q_value= (m_U + m_n - (m_Kr + m_Ba + 2*m_n))*931 // in electron volt since 1 a.m.u. =931 MeV
+
+//since mass is decreased after reaction
+// Q value is positive
+
+printf('the Q value for the reaction is %.3f MeV',Q_value)
+
+//mistake in textbook
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.17/Example_17.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.17/Example_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2138c04fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.17/Example_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 17,Page 61
+clc;
+close;
+
+m_Ca = 39.975 //atomic mass of Calcium in a.m.u.
+
+a_no= 20 //atomic number of calcium
+
+m_proton = 1.0078 //mass of proton
+
+m_neutron = 1.0086 //mass of neutron\
+
+delta_m=a_no*(m_neutron + m_proton)- m_Ca //mass defect
+
+energy= delta_m*931/40 //binding energy per nucleon
+
+printf('binding energy per nucleon is %.3f MeV',energy)
+
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.18/Example_18.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.18/Example_18.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b132f9fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.18/Example_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 18,Page 61
+clc;
+close;
+
+energy_1= 200 *1.6*10^-13 //energy released per fission of Uranium
+
+power =1 //in watt
+
+F_rate = power/energy_1 //fission rate for generation 1 watt
+
+printf('The fission rate for generation 1 watt is ')
+
+disp(F_rate)
+
+printf(' fission/sec')
+
+//1 kg atom Of U(235) =235 Kg = 6.023*10^26 atoms
+
+energy_2 = energy_1*6.023*10^26/235 //energy released per 1 kg U(235)
+
+printf('\nThe energy released per 1kg of U(235) is ')
+
+disp(energy_2)
+
+printf(' Joule')
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.19/Example_19.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.19/Example_19.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c98256f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.19/Example_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 19,Page 62
+clc;
+close;
+
+energy= (100*10^6)*24*3600 //energy comsumed in city in a day in Joule
+
+efcy=20/100 //efficiency of reactor
+
+energy_r = energy/efcy //energy required per day
+
+energy_rl=200*1.6*10^-13 //energy released per nuclide
+
+n = energy_r/energy_rl //number of U(235) to be fissioned
+
+//6.023*10^26 atoms of U(235) are present in 235 kg
+//n atoms of U(235) are present in
+
+m=235*n/(6.023*10^26)
+
+printf('the amount of fule required for one day operation is %.2f kg',m)
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.2/Example_2.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.2/Example_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f89b82a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.2/Example_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 2,Page 56
+clc;
+close;
+
+m_alpha=6.646*10^-24 //mass of one alpha particle
+
+n= 2300 // number of alpha particles
+
+M=1*10^-6 //mass of plutonium
+
+//as -(dM/dt)= lamda*M
+//also (dM/dt)= n*m_alpha
+
+lamda=n*m_alpha/M
+
+t_half= 0.693/lamda //half life of Plutonium
+
+printf('the half life of Plutonium is %.f years', t_half)
+
+//mistake in text book
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.4/Examlpe_4.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.4/Examlpe_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a9fb99e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.4/Examlpe_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 4,Page 57
+clc;
+close;
+
+m=234 // atomic mass of uranium
+
+M_0 = 4 // initial mass of uranium
+
+t_half= 2.48*10^5 // half life of uranium
+
+t= 62000*365*24*3600 // time period
+
+lamda=8.88*10^-14
+
+M= M_0*exp(-lamda*t)
+
+printf('Mass of uranium left unchanged is %.3f mg', M)
+
+N= (M*6.023*10^20)/m
+
+A= lamda*N
+
+printf(' \n activity of uranium is %.3f disintigrations/sec ', A)
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.5/Example_5.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.5/Example_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..589cf1fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.5/Example_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 5,Page 57
+clc;
+close;
+
+//Part (a)
+
+t_half= 1620 //half life of radium
+
+lamda= 0.693/t_half
+
+//as radium lose one centigram mass
+
+N_0=100 // in centigram
+
+N_1=N_0-1
+
+t_1=log10(N_0/N_1)/(lamda*log10(%e))
+
+printf('Part (a)---total number of years required are %.2f years ',t_1)
+
+// Part (b)
+
+N_2= 1
+
+t_2=log10(N_0/N_2)/(lamda*log10(%e))
+
+printf('\n Part (b)---total number of years required are %.2f years ',t_2)
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.6/Example_6.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.6/Example_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92663dfd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.6/Example_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 6,Page 58
+clc;
+close;
+
+M = 214 // molecular mass of RaB
+
+lamda= 4.31*10^-4
+
+//since -(dN/dt)= lamda*N =3.7 *10^10
+//N = m * 6.023*10^23/ M
+
+m=(3.7*10^10)*214/(lamda*6.023*10^23)
+
+printf('the mass of RaB is ')
+
+disp(m)
+
+printf(' gram')
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.7/Example_7.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.7/Example_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..256697d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.7/Example_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 7,Page 58
+clc;
+close;
+
+M = 214 // molecular mass of RaB
+
+lamda= 4.31*10^-4
+
+//for 1 rd activity (dN/dt) = 10^6 dis/sec
+// -(dN/dt)= lamda*N
+//N = m * 6.023*10^23/ M
+
+m=(10^6)*214/(lamda*6.023*10^23)
+
+printf('the mass of RaB is ')
+
+disp(m)
+
+printf(' gram')
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.8/Example_8.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.8/Example_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3011a501e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.8/Example_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 8,Page 58
+clc;
+close;
+
+// U(238)=(U(238) + Pb(206)) * exp(-lamda*t)
+
+// 1 = (1 + Pb(206)/U(238)) * exp(-lamda*t)
+
+//since Pb(206)/U(238) = 0.5
+
+// 1 = (1 + 0.5) * exp(-lamda*t)
+
+t_half = 4.5 *10^9 //half life of Uranium
+
+lamda = 0.693/t_half
+
+t= log10(1.5)/(log10(%e)*lamda)
+
+printf('the age of the rock specimen is ')
+
+disp(t)
+
+printf(' years')
diff --git a/2465/CH3/EX3.9/Example_9.sce b/2465/CH3/EX3.9/Example_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a02f1182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2465/CH3/EX3.9/Example_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Chapter-3,Example 9,Page 59
+clc;
+close;
+
+mole_U =11.9/238 //mole of Uranium
+
+mole_Pb =10.3/206 //mole of lead
+
+t_half= 4.5*10^9 //half life of Uranium
+
+// U(238)=(U(238) + Pb(206)) * exp(-lamda*t)
+
+// 1 = (1 + Pb(206)/U(238)) * exp(-lamda*t)
+
+// 1 = (1 + 0.5) * exp(-lamda*t)
+
+lamda = 0.693/t_half
+
+t= log10(1+ mole_Pb/mole_U)/(log10(%e)*lamda)
+
+printf('the age of the ore is ')
+
+disp(t)
+
+printf(' years')
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-19 18:21:48 +0000