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+//chapter12
+//example12.4
+//page241
+
+Vcc=6 // V
+Rb=530 // kilo ohm
+Rc=2 // kilo ohm
+gain_beta=100
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+
+// when Ic=0, Vce=Vcc i.e. Vce=6 and when Vce=0, Ic=Vcc/Rc i.e. Ic=6/2
+// so equation of load line becomes Ic=-0.5*Vce+3
+
+x=linspace(0,6,5)
+y=-0.5*x+3
+plot2d(x,y,style=3,rect=[0,0,7,4])
+xtitle("dc load line","Vce(volts)","Ic(mA)")
+
+// since Vcc=Ib*Rb+Vbe we get
+Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/Rb
+Ic=Ib*gain_beta
+Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc
+
+printf("the operating point is %.3f V and %.3f mA \n",Vce,Ic)
+
+stability_factor=gain_beta+1
+
+printf("stability factor=%.1f \n",stability_factor)