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+// Exa 4.1
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+format('v',8)
+// Given data
+V_CC = 20;// in V
+I_C= 2*10^-3;// in A
+I_CQ= I_C;// in A
+I_E=I_C;// in A
+R_C = 3;// in k ohm
+R_C = R_C * 10^3;// in ohm
+R_L = 12;// in k ohm
+R_L = R_L * 10^3;// in ohm
+R_E = 2;// in k ohm 
+R_E = R_E * 10^3;// in ohm
+V_CE=0:0.1:20;// in V
+I_C_sat= (V_CC-V_CE)/(R_C+R_E)*10^3;// in mA
+subplot(121)
+plot(V_CE,I_C_sat);
+xlabel("V_CE in volts")
+ylabel("I_C in mA")
+title("DC load line")
+Rac= R_C*R_L/(R_C+R_L);// in ohm
+V_CEQ= V_CC-I_CQ*(R_C+R_E);// in V
+I_Csat= I_CQ+V_CEQ/Rac;// in A
+I_Csat=I_Csat*10^3;// in mA
+V_CEoff= V_CEQ+I_CQ*Rac;// in V
+subplot(122)
+plot([V_CEoff 0],[0,I_Csat])
+xlabel("V_CE in volts")
+ylabel("I_C in mA")
+title("AC load line")
+// Maximum peak output signal
+POSmax= I_CQ*Rac;// in V
+// Peak-to-peak value of output signal
+PP_out_sig= 2*POSmax;// in V
+disp(PP_out_sig,"Peak-to-peak value of output signal in volts is : ")
+disp("DC and AC load line shown in figure.")