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-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce10
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce23
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce37
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce25
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce12
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce20
-rwxr-xr-x2409/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce17
20 files changed, 350 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5d062c76a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+P=6 //Transmit power(Watts)
+G=48.2 //Antenna Gain(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+EIRP=10*log10(P)+G //Equivalent isotropic radiated power(dB)
+
+//Result
+printf("Hence the Equivalent isotropic radiated power is %.0f dBW",EIRP)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe7aaffde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+f=14 //Frequency(GHz)
+Ps=-120 //Flux density required to saturate the transponder(dBW/m2)
+LOSSES=2 //Propogation Losses(dB)
+FSL=207 //Free-space loss(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+
+A0=-21.45-20*log10(f) //Effective antenna aperture(dB)
+EIRP=Ps+A0+LOSSES+FSL //Equivalent isotropically radiated power(dB)
+
+//Result
+printf("The earth station EIRP required for saturation is %.2f dBW",EIRP)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d0b158bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+Ps=-91.4 //saturation flux density(dBW/m2)
+f=14 //uplink frequency(GHz)
+GTR=-6.7 //G/T (dB/k)
+BO=11 //Input Back off(dB)
+k=-228.6 //Value of k(dB)
+RFL=0.6 //receiver feeder loss
+
+//Calculation
+
+A0=-21.5-20*log10(f) //Effective antenna aperture(dB)
+CNR=Ps+A0-BO+GTR-k-RFL //carrier to noise ratio(dB)
+
+//Result
+disp(A0)
+printf("The carrier to noise ratio is %.1f dB",CNR)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..957e0e604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+B=36 //Transponder Bandwidth(MHz)
+CNR=22 //Carrier to noise ratio(dB)
+LOSSES=200 //Total transmission losses(dB)
+GTR=31 //Earth station G/T (dB/K)
+k=-228.6 //Value of k(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+B=10*log10(B*10**6) //Converting Bandwidth to dB
+EIRP=CNR-GTR+LOSSES+k+B //Equivalent isotropically radiated power(dB)
+
+//Result
+printf("Satellite EIRP required is %.0f dB",EIRP)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d51dd7747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+B=36*10**6 //Transponder Bandwidth(Hz)
+R=0.2 //Roll off factor
+GTR=31 //Earth station G/T(dB/K)
+LOSSES=200 //Total transmission losses(dB)
+k=-228.6 //Value of k(dB)
+BER=10**-5 //Value of Bit error rate
+EbN0R=9.6 //Value of Eb/N0 from fig.10.17
+//Calculation
+
+Rb=2*B/(1+R) //Bit rate(sec^-1)
+Rb=10*log10(Rb) //Converting Rb into decibels
+CNR=EbN0R+Rb //Carrier to noise ratio(dB)
+EIRP=CNR-GTR+LOSSES+k //Equivalent Isotropically radiated power(dBW)
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Bit rate that can be accommodated is %.1f dB",Rb)
+printf("The EIRP required is %.1f dBW",EIRP)
+
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6eb51a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+EIRP=25 //Satellite saturation value(dBW)
+BO=6 //Output Backoff loss(dB)
+FSL=196 //Free space loss(dB)
+DL=1.5 //Downlink losses(dB)
+GTR=41 //Earth station G/T(dB/K)
+k=-228.6 //Value of k(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+CNR=EIRP-BO+GTR-FSL-DL-k //Carrier to noise ratio(dB)
+
+//Result
+printf("The Carrier to noise density ratio at the earth station is %.1f dB",CNR)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf4188e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+EIRP=56 //Equivalent Isotropically radiated power(dBW)
+BO=6 //Output Backoff(dB)
+TFL=2 //Transmitter feeder loss(dB)
+GT=50 //Antenna gain(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+PTWTA=EIRP-GT+TFL //Power output of TWTA(dBW)
+PTWTAS=PTWTA+BO //Saturated power output of TWTA(dBW)
+
+//Result
+printf("Power output of the TWTA required for full saturated EIRP is %.f dBW",PTWTAS)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8056acc92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+alpha=1.9 //Rain attenuation(dB)
+CNR=20 //Downlink carrier to noise ratio(dB)
+Tn=400 //Effective Noise temperature(Kelvin)
+Ta=280 //Reference temperature(Kelvin)
+
+//Calculation
+alpha1=10**(alpha/10) //Converting alpha to ratio
+Trn=Ta*(1-1/alpha1) //Equivalent noise temperature of rain(kelvin)
+Ts=Tn+Trn //New system noise temperature
+delp=10*log10(Ts/Tn) //Decibel increase in noise power
+CNRN=CNR-delp-alpha //Value below which CNR falls(dB)
+
+
+//Result
+printf("The value below which C/N falls for 0.1 percent of time is %.2f dB",CNRN)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93df132f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+CNR=17.4 //Clear sky input C/N (dB)
+T=10 //Threshold level for FM etector(dB)
+Ta=272 //Value of Ta(Kelvin)
+Tscs=544 //Value of Tscs(Kelvin)
+
+//Calculation
+
+TM=CNR-T //Threshold margin at FM detector(dB)
+CNR=10**(CNR/10) //Converting CNR to ratio
+NCR=1/CNR
+
+function [y]=f(A)
+ y=0.1-NCR*(A+(A-1)*Ta/Tscs)
+endfunction
+A=fsolve(2,f)
+
+A=10*log10(A) //Converting A into decibels
+A=round(A)
+
+// Getting the value of probablity of exceeding A from the curve
+
+if (A==6) then
+ P=2.5*10**-4
+else
+ printf("error")
+end
+Av=100*(1-P) //Availability(percentage)
+
+//Result
+
+printf("The time system stays above threshold is %.3f percentage",Av)
+
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..156db5e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+Nu=100 //Noise spectral density for uplink(dBHz)
+Nd=87 //Noise spectral density for downlink(dBHz)
+
+//Calculation
+
+N0CR=10**(-Nu/10)+10**(-Nd/10) //Noise to carrier ratio
+CNR=-10*log10(N0CR) //Combined c/N0 ratio(dBHz)
+
+//Result
+printf("The combined carrier to noise ratio is %.2f dBHz",CNR)
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9915adb01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+//Variable declaration
+//For uplink
+Ps=-67.5 //Saturation flux density(dB)
+A0=-37 //Antenna aperture at 6GHz(dB)
+IBO=-11 //Input Backoff(dB)
+GTRs=-11.6 //Satellite saturation G/T (dB)
+k=-228.6 //Value of k(dB)
+
+//For Downlink
+EIRP=26.6 //Satellite EIRP(dB)
+OBO=-6 //output Backoff(dB)
+FSL=-196.7 //Free Space loss(dB)
+GTRe=40.7 //Earth station G/T(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+CNRu=Ps+A0+IBO+GTRs-k //Carrier to noise ratio for uplink(dB)
+CNRd=EIRP+OBO+FSL+GTRe-k//Carrier to noise ratio for downlink(dB)
+N0CR=10**(-CNRu/10)+10**(-CNRd/10) //Noise to carrier ratio
+CNR=-10*log10(N0CR) //Combined c/N0 ratio(dBHz)
+
+//results
+printf("The Carrier to noise ratio for uplink is %.2f dB",CNRu)
+printf("The Carrier to noise ratio for downlink is %.2f dB",CNRd)
+printf("The combined carrier to noise ratio is %.2f dBHz",CNR)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b74445b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+D=3 //Antenna size(m)
+f=12 //Operating Frequency(GHz)
+n=0.55 //Aperture efficiency
+
+//Calculation
+
+G=n*(10.472*f*D)**2 //Antenna Gain
+G=10*log10(G) //Converting Antenna gain to dB
+
+//Result
+printf("The Antenna gain with given parameters is %.1f dB", G)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..696184459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+CNRu=23 //carrier to noise ratio for uplink(dB)
+CNRd=20 //carrier to noise ratio for downlink(dB)
+CNRm=24 //carrier to noise ratio for intermodulation(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+
+NCR=10**(-CNRu/10)+10**(-CNRd/10)+10**(-CNRm/10) //Combined Noise to carrier ratio
+CNR=-10*log10(NCR) //Combined carrier to noise ratio(dB)
+
+//Result
+printf("The combined carrier to noise ratio is %.2f dB",CNR)
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99772454e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+r=42000 //Range between ground station and satellite
+f=6000 //Frequency(MHz)
+
+//Calculation
+
+FSL=32.4+20*log10(r)+20*log10(f) //Free space loss(dB)
+
+//Result
+printf("The free space loss at given frequency is %.1f dB", FSL)
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f969d10ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+FSL=207 //Free space loss(dB)
+RFL=1.5 //receiver feeder loss(dB)
+AA=0.5 //Atmospheric Absorption loss(dB)
+AML=0.5 //Antenna Alignment loss(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+
+LOSSES=FSL+RFL+AA+AML //Total link loss (dB)
+
+//Results
+
+printf("The total link loss is %.1f dB", LOSSES)
+
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..754b4a522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+TAn=35 // Antenna Noise Temperature(Kelvin)
+TRn=100 // Receiver Noise Temperature(Kelvin)
+k=1.38*10**-23 //Boltzman constant(joules)
+B=36*10**6 //Bandwidth
+
+//Calculation
+N0=(TAn+TRn)*k //noise power density(10**-21 joules)
+PN=N0*B/10**-12 //Noise power for given bandwidth(picoWatts)
+
+
+//Results
+printf("The noise Power density is %.2e Joules",N0)
+printf("The noise power for given bandwidth is %.3f pW",PN)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58f2e6815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Variable Declaration
+
+TRn=12 //Receiver Noise figure(dB)
+G=40 //Gain of LNA(dB)
+T0=120 //Noise temperature(Kelvin)
+
+//Calculation
+
+F=10**(TRn/(10)) //Converting noise power to ratio
+Te=(F-1)*290 //Noise Temperature of the amplifier
+G=10**(G/10) //Converting Gain of LNA to ratio
+Tn=T0+Te/G //Overall Noise Temperature(Kelvin)
+
+
+//Result
+printf("The overall noise temperature is %.2f Kelvin", Tn)
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8537f2f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+Tant=35 //Antenna noise temperature(kelvin)
+Te1=150 //Receiver noise temperature(kelvin)
+L=5 //Cable Loss (dB)
+T0=290
+G1=10**5 //LNA Gain
+F=12 //Receiver Noise figure(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+
+L=10**(L/10) //Converting L into ratio
+F=10**(F/10) //Converting F into ratio
+Ts=Tant+Te1+(L-1)*T0/G1+L*(F-1)*T0/G1 //Noise Temperature referred to the input(Kelvin)
+
+//Result
+printf("The noise temperature referred to the input is %.0f Kelvini",Ts)
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc43077db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+//Variable Declaration
+
+Tant=35 //Antenna noise temperature(kelvin)
+Te1=150 //Receiver noise temperature(kelvin)
+L=5 //Cable Loss (dB)
+T0=290
+G1=10**5 //LNA Gain
+F=12 //Receiver Noise figure(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+
+L=10**(L/10) //Converting L into ratio
+F=10**(F/10) //Converting F into ratio
+Ts=Tant+(L-1)*T0+L*Te1+L*(F-1)*T0/G1 //Noise Temperature referred to the input(Kelvin)
+
+
+//Result
+printf("The noise temperature referred to the input is %.0f Kelvin",Ts)
+
diff --git a/2409/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce b/2409/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1bf734121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2409/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Variable Declaration
+
+FSL=206 //Free space loss(dB)
+APL=1 //Antenna Pointing loss(dB)
+AAL=2 //Atmospheric Absorption loss(dB)
+RFL=1 //Receiver feeder loss(dB)
+EIRP=48 //Equivalent isotropically radiated power(dBW)
+f=12 //Frequency(GHz)
+GTR=19.5 //G/T ratio(dB/K)
+k=-228.60 //Value of k(dB)
+
+//Calculation
+LOSSES=FSL+APL+AAL+RFL //Total loss(dB)
+CNR=EIRP+GTR-LOSSES-k //Carrier to noise ratio(dBHz)
+
+//Result
+printf("The carrier to noise ratio is %.2f dB",CNR)
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-03-13 01:53:38 +0000