diff options
Diffstat (limited to '2192')
56 files changed, 1019 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2192/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce b/2192/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..26406dccc --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH1/EX1.1/1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 1.1
+clc,clear
+
+P=65000; //Initial cost of plant
+S=5000; // Salvage value of plant
+n=15; //useful life of plant in years
+r=15/100; //annual rate of compound intrest
+
+// straight line method
+q=(P-S)/n;
+printf('(i)By straight line method , annual deposit = %d Rs\n',q)
+//sinking fund method
+q=(P-S)*r/((1+r)^n-1) ;
+printf('(ii)By sinking fund method ,annual deposit = %d Rs',q)
diff --git a/2192/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce b/2192/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..51ff60f70 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 1.2
+clc,clear
+
+P=7.56e5; //Initial cost of plant
+S=1.56e5; // Salvage value of plant
+n=25; //useful life of plant in years
+
+x=1-(S/P)^(1/n); //annual unit depreciation
+printf('(i)Annual deposit made = %f Rs\n',x)
+
+Value= P*(1-x)^10 ; //value of plant after 10 years
+printf('(ii)Value of plant after 10 years= %f Rs',Value)
diff --git a/2192/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce b/2192/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c7dc1ccf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH1/EX1.3/1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 1.3
+clc,clear
+
+Total_bill= 15*0.50 + 25 * 0.40 + 60 * 0.35 + 150 * 0.30 ;
+printf('Total bill is %f Rs\n',Total_bill)
+
+total_units = 15 + 25 + 60 +150 ;
+unit_cost = Total_bill / total_units ;
+printf('Average unit cost = %f paise per kWh',unit_cost*100)
diff --git a/2192/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce b/2192/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db202c8b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH1/EX1.4/1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 1.4
+clc,clear
+
+demand_charges = 1*25 + 4*20 + 15*16 ;
+
+energy_charges = 100*0.40 + 200*0.30 + 1700*0.25 ;
+
+monthly_bill = demand_charges + energy_charges ;
+printf('Total monthly bill for 2000 units consumption = %d Rs',monthly_bill)
diff --git a/2192/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce b/2192/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b7ce9bec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH1/EX1.5/1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 1.5
+clc,clear
+
+maximum_demand= 1000
+annual_demand_charges= 150 * maximum_demand
+
+load_factor = 0.4
+energy_consumption = 1000*load_factor*365*24
+annual_energy_charges = 0.04* energy_consumption
+
+power_factor= 0.8
+phi=acos(power_factor)//power factor angle in radians
+
+reactive_power = (maximum_demand/power_factor)*(sin(phi))
+reactive_units = reactive_power* 365*24*load_factor
+kVAh_cost = reactive_units* 0.02
+
+total_cost = kVAh_cost + annual_energy_charges + annual_demand_charges
+cost_per_unit = 100*total_cost/ energy_consumption
+
+printf("Cost per Unit = %f paise per kWh",cost_per_unit)
diff --git a/2192/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce b/2192/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ba443805d --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH1/EX1.6/1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 1.6
+clc,clear
+
+capital_cost = 16e6 //
+annual_cost=14e5 //annual cost of fuel and oil
+tws = 9e5 //taxes wages and salaries
+roi = 12/100 //annual rate of interest and depreciation
+
+idc_capital = capital_cost*roi// interest and depreciation on capital cost
+annual_generation_cost = idc_capital + tws + annual_cost
+
+load_factor = 60/100
+units = 80*365*24* load_factor
+
+cost_of_kWh = annual_generation_cost / units
+printf('Cost per kWh delivered = %.3f paise',cost_of_kWh)
diff --git a/2192/CH10/EX10.1/10_1.sce b/2192/CH10/EX10.1/10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9d53b5ac --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH10/EX10.1/10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc,clear +printf('Example 10.1\n\n') + +current = 3 +voltage=250 +lumens= 9420 //total lumens emitted by lamp +MSCP = lumens /(4*%pi) //mean spherical candle power +printf('(i)Mean spherical candle power = %.2f',MSCP) +power= current*voltage //power of lamp +efficiency = lumens / power //efficiency of lamp +printf('\n(ii)Efficiency of lamp = %.2f lumens/watt',efficiency) diff --git a/2192/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce b/2192/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2748d9228 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH10/EX10.2/10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 10.2\n\n')
+
+area= 33*13 //length * breadth
+E = 72 //illumination
+UF = 0.4 //utilisation factor
+DF = 1.4 //depreciation factor
+wattage_of_lamp=200
+lumens_per_lamp= 2730
+E_reqd= E*area * DF/UF //total illumination required from source
+lamps= E_reqd/lumens_per_lamp//total no of lamps required
+printf('Number of lamps required = %.0f',lamps)
diff --git a/2192/CH10/EX10.3/10_3.sce b/2192/CH10/EX10.3/10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b8a99eefd --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH10/EX10.3/10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 10.3\n\n')
+
+I_1=36 //intensity of lamp1
+I_2=16 //intensity of lamp2
+
+//E_1 is illumination due to lamp 1
+//E_1 = I_1 / x^2
+
+//E_2 is illumination due to lamp 2
+//E_2 = I_2 / (1-x)^2
+
+//equating E_1 and E_2, and solving for x
+p=[5 -18 9]
+ans=roots(p)
+printf('The screen should be placed at %.0f metres or %.1f metres from first lamp ',ans(1),ans(2))
diff --git a/2192/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce b/2192/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2f3af2fd --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 10.4\n\n')
+
+I = 500 //intensity_of_lamp
+d=sqrt(4^2 + 3^2 )
+
+//part(i) : Illumination below the lamp
+E_1=I/d^2 //as cos(theta) is 1
+printf('(i)Illumination below the lamp= %.0f lux',E_1)
+
+//part(ii) : Illumination 3m away from vertical axis
+theta=acos(4/5)
+E_2= I*cos(theta)/d^2
+printf('\n(ii)Illumination 3m away from vertical axis= %.0f lux',E_2)
diff --git a/2192/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.sce b/2192/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..873a1a08b --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 10.5\n\n')
+
+wattage=500
+efficiency=25// efficiency of each lamp
+flux=wattage * efficiency //total flux emmited
+
+I_each = flux/(4*%pi)//intensity of each lamp
+d_1=sqrt(3^2+5^2)
+d_2=sqrt(4^2+5^2)
+
+theta_1= acos(3/d_1)
+theta_2= acos(4/d_2)
+
+I_L1 = cos(theta_1)*I_each / d_1^2//I_L1 is illumination due to L_1
+I_L2 = cos(theta_2)*I_each / d_2^2//I_L2 is illumination due to L_2
+
+I_C= I_L1 + I_L2 //I_C is illumnation at C;C is midpoint
+printf('Required illumination is %.2f lux',I_C)
diff --git a/2192/CH10/EX10.6/10_6.sce b/2192/CH10/EX10.6/10_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..02d33d940 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH10/EX10.6/10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 10.6\n\n')
+
+Area=30*10 //length*breadth
+E=250 //illumination
+wattage = 300
+UF=0.4 //utilisation factor
+DF=0.9// depreciation factor
+efficiency=14 //luminous efficiency
+lumen_output = E*Area/(UF*DF)//gross lumen output requiredd from source
+flux = wattage * efficiency //flux emitted by each lamp
+lamps= lumen_output/flux //total no of lamps required
+
+printf('No. of lamps required = %d lamps',ceil(lamps))
diff --git a/2192/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sce b/2192/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e2379928a --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc,clear +printf('Example 3.1\n\n') + +E=240 +I_a=50 //armature current +R_a=0.1,R_sh=400 //armature and field resistance +N_1=900 ; N_2=1000 //initial and final speed in rpm + +E_b1=E-I_a*R_a //back emf +I_sh1=E/R_sh //shunt field current + +//N (prop.) E_b/phi (prop.) 1/phi; E_b is constant +phi1_by_phi2 = N_2/N_1 +//phi (prop.) I_sh as magnetisation curve is straight line +I_sh1_by_I_sh2=phi1_by_phi2 +I_sh2=I_sh1/ I_sh1_by_I_sh2 + +R = (E/I_sh2)- R_sh //additional resistance in field circuit +printf('Additional resistance in field = %.2f ohms',R) + +//error message +printf('\n\nAnswers do not match because of calculation error') +printf('\nR_sh is wrongly taken as 440 in last step while it is 400 ') diff --git a/2192/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce b/2192/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7915c129c --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 3.2\n\n')
+
+N_1=1000 //speed under normal working conditions
+E=400 //applied voltage
+R_se=1;R_d=2
+
+I_a1=100//armature current
+I_se1=100//series field current
+I_L1=100//line current
+
+
+//I_se2 = I_L2 * (R_d/(R_d+R_se))
+//I_se2 = I_L2 * (2/3)
+
+// N (prop.) 1/phi because back emf is constant
+// N (prop.) 1/I_se because phi(prop.) I_se
+//N_2 / N_1 = 150 /I_L2 (i)
+
+//Torque (prop.) I_a and I_a*flux
+//I_a1= I_L1 ; I_a2=I_L2
+//T_2 /T_1 = (2/3)*I_L2^2 / (I_L1*I_se1) (ii)
+
+//T (prop.) N^2 (iii)
+
+
+//substituting values from (i) and (ii) in (iii) and solving for I_L2
+I_L2 =( I_L1*I_se1*(1/(R_d/(R_d+R_se)))*(I_se1*(1/(R_d/(R_d+R_se))))^2 )^0.25
+I_se2=I_L2*(R_d/(R_d+R_se))
+
+N_2= N_1*(I_se1/I_se2)
+printf('Change in speed = %f rpm',N_2-N_1)
+printf('\n\n The difference in answer has occured due to the rough approximation in the last step in book')
diff --git a/2192/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sce b/2192/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..45d658cd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 3.3\n\n')
+
+I_L1=40 //motor armature current
+V=250 //rated voltage
+R_se=0.5 // resistance of series motor
+N_1=1500;N_2=1200 //initial and final speed
+
+E_b1= V - I_L1*(R_se+ 0) //since R_h is zero initially
+// because E_b = V - I_1*(R_se+ R_h) back emf
+
+T2_by_T1 = (N_2/N_1)^2 //load torqque varies as square of speed
+//T (prop.) phi*I_L and I_L ; therefore T (prop.) I_L^2
+I_L2=sqrt(I_L1^2*(T2_by_T1))
+
+//E_b (prop.) N*phi (prop.) N*I_L
+E_b2 = E_b1* (N_2*I_L2)/(N_1*I_L1)
+R_h =(V - E_b2)/I_L2 - R_se //because E_b = V - I_1*(R_se+ R_h)
+
+printf('Resistance to be connected in series with armature circuit= %.4f ohms',R_h)
diff --git a/2192/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce b/2192/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2aa7743c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 3.4\n\n')
+
+//given values
+I_l1=20
+V=400
+N_1=500
+
+//case 2
+//N (prop.) E/phi and E is same in both cases because of negligible losses
+//phi (prop.) I_se .. using I_se1= I_l1 and I_se2=I_l2/2
+//N2_by_N1 = 2*I_l1/I_l2 (i)
+
+// Torque (prop.) square of speed
+//T2_by_T1= (N2_by_N1)^2 (ii)
+
+//torque (prop.) flux*I_a
+//T2_by_T1=I_l2^2/(2*I_l1*I_l1) (iii)
+
+
+//substituting values of (i) (iii) in (ii)
+I_l2 = ((2*I_l1)^2 * (2*I_l1*I_l1))^0.25
+N_2 = N_1*((2*I_l1)/I_l2) //from (i)
+
+printf('Required current and speed of motor are %.2f A and %.1f r.p.m respectively',I_l2,N_2)
diff --git a/2192/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sce b/2192/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..83252af3c --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 3.5\n\n')
+
+N2_by_N1 = 1+(20/100)
+phi1_by_phi2 = N2_by_N1 //N (prop.) 1/phi as losses are negligible
+I_a2_by_I_a1 = phi1_by_phi2 //because I_a (prop.) 1/phi
+
+I_se2_by_I_a1=0.65 //I_se2 =0.65*I_se1 =0.65*I_a1
+
+ratio = I_a2_by_I_a1/I_se2_by_I_a1 //where ratio = 1+ R_se/R_div
+Rse_by_Rdiv = ratio-1 //resistance of diverter
+Rdiv_by_Rse = 1/Rse_by_Rdiv
+printf('Diverter resistance is %.0f percent of series field resistance for raising speed by 20 percent',100*Rdiv_by_Rse)
diff --git a/2192/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce b/2192/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3920699f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 3.6\n\n')
+
+P=4 //poles
+f=50 //frequency
+R= 0.25//resistance per phase of rotor
+
+N_1=1440 ; N_2 =1200 //initial and final speed
+N_s = 120*f/P //synchronous speed
+S_1= (N_s - N_1)/N_s //slip
+S_2 = (N_s - N_2)/N_s //slip after adding resistance to rotor circuit
+
+//S (prop.) R for constanct input power to rotor circuit
+r = R * (S_2/S_1) - R // external resistance per phase
+printf('External resistance to be added per phase = %.0f ohm',r)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab70ed9c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.1\n\n')
+
+P=1000 //power absorbed in watts
+k_0=8.854*10^-12 //permittivity of free space
+k=3.6 //relative permittivity of wood
+A=0.5 //area of cross section of plate in m^2
+t=0.025 //thickness in m
+f=25*10^6 //frequency in hertz
+
+C=k_0*k*A/t //capacitance of capacitor formed
+phi=acos(0.046) //power factor angle
+delta=%pi/2 - phi
+
+V = sqrt(P/(2*%pi*f*C*delta))
+printf('Voltage employed is %.2f volts',V)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b9265d5b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.10\n\n')
+
+P=20*1000 //power supplied in watts
+V=220 //supply voltage
+e=0.9;k=0.6; //emissivity and radiant efficiency
+rho=100*10^-6//specific resistance
+
+l_by_d2 = %pi*V^2/(4*rho*P) //ratio of l and d^2 (i)
+T1=1170+273; T2=500+273; //temperatures of wire and charge
+H=5.72*k*e*(T1^4-T2^4)/1000^4 //heat dissipated from surface
+
+//Surface area = %pi*d*l
+//total heat dissipated = electric power input and squaring the equation
+d2l2= ( P/(H*%pi) )^2 // d^2 * l^2 (ii)
+//using expression (i) and expression (ii)
+l =(d2l2*l_by_d2)^(1/3)
+printf('Length of wire = %.1f metres',l/100)
+d=sqrt( l/l_by_d2 )
+printf('\nSize of wire = %.1f cm',d)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..660dfcef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.11\n\n')
+
+mass=500 //quantity of brass to be melted
+T1=920;T2=20; //final and initial temperature
+S=0.094 //specific heat of brass
+H1=mass*S*(T1-T2) //heat to raise temperature
+
+L=39 //latent heat of fusion of brass
+H2=mass*L//heat reqd to heat metal at 920
+
+H=H1+H2 //total heat required
+efficiency=60.2/100 //furnace efficiency
+Energy_required = H *4180/(3600*1000*efficiency) //constants used for unit conversion
+printf('Energy required = %.1f kWh\n',Energy_required)
+time=1/2 //time for melting in hours
+printf('Average power input= %.1f kW',Energy_required/time)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..796c3e4a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.12\n\n')
+
+V=250;R=190
+//part(i)
+R1=1/(R^-1+R^-1) //equivalent resistance in parallel
+P1=V^2/R1 //power drawn in parallel
+printf('(i)Power drawn in parallel = %.2f watts',P1)
+
+//part(ii)
+R2=R+R //equivalent resistance in series
+P2=V^2/R2 //power drawn in series
+printf('\n(ii)Power drawn in series= %.2f watts',P2)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.13/4_13.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.13/4_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1234b51ff --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.13/4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.13\n\n')
+
+//PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i)
+V=230;R=100;
+P_each = V^2/R
+
+//part(a)
+P1a=6*P_each //power consumed
+//part(b)
+P1b=V^2/(R+R+R) + V^2/(R+R+R) //power consumed
+
+//PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii)
+V=400/sqrt(3)
+
+//part(a)
+R_eq=R/2 //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+P2a=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+//part(b)
+R_eq=R+R //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+P2b=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+
+//PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii)
+V=400
+R_eq=R/2 //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+//part(a)
+P3a=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+//part(b)
+R_eq=R+R //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+P3b=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+
+printf('Part(i)\n')
+printf('(a)Power consumed = %.3f kW\n',P1a/1000)
+printf('(b)Power consumed = %.0f watts\n',P1b)
+printf('Part(ii)\n')
+printf('(a)Power consumed = %.3f kW\n',P2a/1000)
+printf('(b)Power consumed = %.3f kW\n',P2b/1000)
+printf('Part(iii)\n')
+printf('(a)Power consumed = %.1f kW\n',P3a/1000)
+printf('(b)Power consumed = %.0f watts\n',P3b)
+
+printf('\nAnswers may mismatch due to calculation error in book')
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fed2e0373 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.14\n\n')
+
+P=15*1000 //power supplied
+V=220 //supply voltage
+k=0.6;e=0.9; //radiating efficiency and emissivity
+rho = 1.016*10^-6 //specific resistance
+
+l_by_d2 = %pi*V^2/(4*rho*P) //ratio of l and d^2 (i)
+
+T1=1000+273; T2=600+273; //temperatures of wire and charge
+H=5.72*k*e*(T1^4-T2^4)/100^4 //heat dissipated from surface
+
+//since heat dissipated = electrical power input;
+dl2=( P/(H*%pi) )^2//product of d and l (ii)
+
+//multiplying expression(i) and expression (ii)
+l=(l_by_d2*dl2)^(1/3) //length of wire
+printf('Length of wire = %.2f m\n',l)
+d= sqrt(dl2)/l //diameter of wire
+printf('Diameter of wire = %.2f mm',1000*d)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.15/4_15.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.15/4_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b8f4d29a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.15/4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.15\n\n')
+
+P=30*1000/3 //power per phase
+V_ph=400/sqrt(3) //phase voltage
+R=(V_ph)^2/P //resistance of strip
+t=0.025*10^-2 //thickness of strip
+S=1.03*10^-6 //specific resistance of nichrome alloy
+l_by_w = R*t/S //because R=specific_resistance*l/(w*t) (i)
+
+k=0.6;e=0.9; //radiating efficiency and emissivity
+T1=1100+273; T2=700+273; //temperatures of wire and charge
+H=5.72*k*e*(T1^4-T2^4)/100^4 //heat dissipated from surface
+
+//surface_area = 2*w*l
+//Since, heat dissipated = Power input ; surface_area = P/H
+surface_area = P / H
+wl=surface_area /2 //product of w and l (ii)
+
+//dividing expression(ii) by expression(i)
+w=sqrt(wl/l_by_w)
+printf('Width of strip = %.2f mm',w*1000)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.16/4_16.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.16/4_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d06ed5ce5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.16/4_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.16\n\n')
+
+P=1000 //power absorbed in watts
+k_0=8.854*10^-12 //permittivity of free space
+k=3.6 //relative permittivity of wood
+A=0.5 //area of cross section of plate in m^2
+t=0.025 //thickness in m
+f=25*10^6 //frequency in hertz
+
+C=k_0*k*A/t //capacitance of capacitor formed
+phi=acos(0.046) //power factor angle
+delta=%pi/2 - phi
+
+V = sqrt(P/(2*%pi*f*C*delta))
+printf('Voltage employed is %.2f volts',V)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.17/4_17.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.17/4_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6a442b438 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.17/4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clc,clear +printf('Example 4.17\n\n') + +m=10*1000 //10 tonnes of steel +S=444//specific heat of steel +L=37.25*1000 //latent heat of fusion of steel +T2=1370;T1=20//final and initial temperatures + +Energy=(m*S*(T2-T1) + m*L) / 3600 //energy required to melt 10 tonne steel in Wh +efficiency= 50/100 +time_taken = 2 //time taken in melting of heat in hours +average_output = Energy/time_taken +average_input= average_output/ efficiency +printf('Average input to furnace = %.1f kW\n',average_input/1000) + +current_input=9000 +resistance= 0.003 //resistance of furnace leads including transformer +reactance= 0.005 //reactance of furnace leads including transformer +V1= current_input*resistance //voltage drop due to resistance +V2= current_input*reactance //voltage drop due to reactance + +//Solving for V_A (arc voltage) +//V_opencircuit= sqrt((V_A=V1)^2+ V2^2) +//cos_phi= V_A+27 / sqrt((V_A-V1)^2+ V2^2) +//Input power = 3*current_input* V_opencircuit *cos_phi + +V_A= average_input/ (3*current_input) -27 +printf('Arc voltage = %.1f V\n',V_A) +V_opencircuit= sqrt((V_A-V1)^2+ V2^2) +total_VA=3*current_input* V_opencircuit +printf('Total kVA taken from supply = %.0f kVA',total_VA/1000) + +printf('\n\nAnswers mimatch because 27 volts was left unconsidered in last 2 steps') diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.18/4_18.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.18/4_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cf449e3a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.18/4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.18\n\n')
+
+m=1.8 //mass of aluminium to be melt
+t1=15 //initial temperature
+t2=660 //melting temperature
+
+S=880 //specific heat of aluminium
+L=32000 //latent heat of aluminium
+
+heat_required= m*S*(t2-t1) + m*L
+heat_required= heat_required*2.78*10^-7 //converting Joules to kWh
+T=10//time taken for melting in minutes
+energy_input=5*(T/60) //In kWh
+efficiency_of_furnace = 100* heat_required / energy_input
+printf('Efficiency of furnace = %.0f percent',efficiency_of_furnace )
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.19/4_19.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.19/4_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a4999ad10 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.19/4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.19\n\n')
+
+arc_voltage=50
+I=5000 //current drawn
+resistance= 0.002 //resistance of furnace leads including transformer
+reactance= 0.004 //reactance of furnace leads including transformer
+V1= I*resistance //voltage drop due to resistance of transformer
+V2= I*reactance //voltage drop due to reactance of transformer
+V_OC= sqrt( (arc_voltage+V1)^2 + V2^2 ) //open circuit phase voltage of transformer secondary
+
+//part(i)
+pf=(arc_voltage+V1)/V_OC
+power_drawn= I*V_OC*pf //power drawn from supply per phase
+total_power_drawn =power_drawn*3
+printf('Power factor of supply = %.4f\n',pf)
+printf('kW drawn from supply= %.0f kW\n',total_power_drawn/1000)
+
+//part(ii)
+m=2*10^3 //mass of steel to melt
+S=120//specific heat of steel
+L=8890//latent heating of fusion
+T2=1370;T1=20; //melting point and initial temperature
+efficiency=65/100//efficiency of furnace
+energy_required= ( m*S*(T2-T1) + m*L) /869 //energy reqd to melt steel in watts
+power_utilised= total_power_drawn * efficiency
+time= energy_required /power_utilised //time required for melting
+printf('Time required for melting = %d minutes %d seconds\n\n',60*time,60*(60*time- floor(60*time) ))
+
+printf('Answers might slightly vary due to lack of accuracy in energy required calculation')
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..57aa9be25 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.2\n\n')
+
+P=16*1000 //power supplied in watts
+V=220 //supply voltage
+e=0.9;k=0.57; //emissivity and radiant efficiency
+rho=1.09*10^-12//resistivity in ohm-metre
+
+l_by_d2 = %pi*V^2/(4*rho*P) //ratio of l and d^2 (i)
+T1=1170+273; T2=500+273; //temperatures of wire and charge
+H=5.72*k*e*(T1^4-T2^4)/100^4 //heat dissipated from surface
+
+//Surface area = %pi*d*l
+//total heat dissipated = electric power input and squaring the equation
+d2l2= ( P/(H*%pi) )^2 //d^2*l^2 (ii)
+//multiplying expression (i) and expression (ii)
+l =(1/100)*(d2l2*l_by_d2)^(1/3)
+printf('Length of wire = %.0f metre',l)
+d=1000*sqrt(d2l2)/l
+//d=sqrt( l/l_by_d2 )
+printf('\nDiameter of wire = %.2f mm',d)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.20/4_20.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.20/4_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a422f62b --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.20/4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.20\n\n')
+
+V=10 //secondary voltage
+P=400*10^3 //power drawn in watts
+phi=acos(0.6) //power factor angle
+I= P/(V*cos(phi)) //secondary current
+Z=V/I //impedance of secondary circuit
+R=Z*cos(phi) //resistance of secondary circuit when hearth is full
+X=Z*sin(phi) //reactance of secondary circuit
+
+//x is ratio of height of charge to full hearth
+//Heat produced will be maximum when resistance of secondary circuit equals reactance ; i.e. when R/x= X
+
+x=R/X
+printf('Height of charge should be %.2f times height of hearth to obtain maximum heat',x)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.21/4_21.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.21/4_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d56513246 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.21/4_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.21\n\n')
+
+V= 0.5*0.25*0.02//volume of plywood to be heated
+D=600 //density of plywood in kg/m^3
+W=V*D
+
+specific_heat = 1500
+T1=25;T2=125; //initial and final temperature
+heat= specific_heat * W * (T2-T1)/(60*60) //in W-Hr
+T=10 //duration of heating in minutes
+power_required = heat/(T/60)
+efficiency= 50/100 //efficiency of process
+power_input= power_required/ efficiency
+
+printf('Power required for heating = %.0f watts',power_input)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.22/4_22.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.22/4_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..353b3166c --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.22/4_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.22\n\n')
+
+P=200//power absorbed in watts
+phi=acos(0.05) //power factor angle
+f=3*10^6 //supply frequency in hertz
+k_0=8.854*10^-12 //permittivity of free space
+k=5 //relative permittivity of material
+A=1500*10^-6 //Area of slab
+t=20*10^-3 //thickness of insulating material
+
+C=k_0*k*A/t //capacitance of capacitor formed
+V=sqrt(P/(2*%pi*f*C*cos(phi))) //voltage required
+printf('Voltage required for heating = %.0f V',V)
+I=P/(V*cos(phi)) //current flowing through material
+printf('\nCurrent flowing through material = %.1f A',I)
+
+printf('\n\nWARNING :Answers may not match due to rounding off')
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.23/4_23.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.23/4_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..254b07bc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.23/4_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.23\n\n')
+
+A1= (25-5)*2*10^-4 //area of air envelope
+A2=5*2*10^-4 //Area of plywood in m^2
+t=2/100 //distance between electrodes
+t1=1/100 //thickness of plywood in m
+t2=(2-1)/100 //thickness of air envelope
+eps_0 = 8.854*10^-12 //permittivity of free space
+eps_r1 =5 //relative permittivity of plywood
+eps_r2 =1 //relative permittivity of air
+
+//capacitance of capacitor
+C= eps_0 * ( (A1*eps_r2/t) + (A2/((t1/eps_r1)+(t2/eps_r2))) )
+
+P=1000 //power consumed
+f=10*10^6 //frequency of electric current
+phi=acos(0.04) //power factor angle
+
+//part(i)
+V = sqrt(P/(2*%pi*f*C*cos(phi))) //voltage across the electrode
+printf('(i)Voltage across the electrode = %.0f V',V)
+//part(ii)
+I=P/(V*cos(phi)) //current through plywood
+printf('\n(ii)Current through plywood = %.3f A',I)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..96761746a --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.3\n\n')
+
+P=30*10^3/3 //power per phase
+V_ph=400/sqrt(3) //phase voltage
+R=(V_ph)^2/P
+
+//l and w are length and width respectively
+rho= 101.6*10^-8 //resistivity
+t=0.254*10^-3 //thickness of nickel-chrome strip
+l_by_w = R*t/rho //ratio of l and w (i)
+
+k=0.5;e=0.9; //radiating efficiency and emissivity
+T1=1100+273; T2=700+273; //temperatures of wire and charge
+H=5.72*k*e*(T1^4-T2^4)/100^4 //heat dissipated from surface
+
+//surface are for heat dissipation = 2*w*l
+//heat dissipated = power input
+wl= P/(2*H) // (ii)
+//dividing expression (ii) by expression (i)
+w= sqrt(wl/l_by_w)
+printf('Width of strip = %.1f mm',w*1000)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7612dd32c --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.4\n\n')
+
+surface_area= 6 //surface area of tank
+l=sqrt(surface_area/6) //length of one side of tank
+volume=l^3
+m=6*90/100 * 1000 //mass of water to be heated daily in kilogram
+S=4200//specific heat of water
+t2=65;t1=20;//final and initial temperature
+heat=m*S*(t2-t1)*10^-6 /3.6 // heat required for raising the temperature in kWh
+losses =6.3*surface_area*(t2-t1)*24/1000 //losses from surface of tank 24 hours in kWh
+energy_supplied= heat+losses
+loading= energy_supplied/24 //in kW
+printf('Loading = %.1f kW\n',loading)
+efficiecny=100*heat/energy_supplied
+printf('Efficiency of tank = %.1f percent',efficiecny)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08c988f67 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.5\n\n')
+
+m=2.5 //quantity of aluminium to be melted
+t1=15;t2=658;//melting point and initial temperature
+S=0.212 *1000*4.18 //specific bheat of aluminium
+L=320000//latent heat of aluminium
+W=( m*S*(t2-t1) + m*L ) *10^-6/ 3.6 // heat required for melting in kWh
+energy_input = 5*15/60 //converting to kWh
+efficiency = 100*W/energy_input //efficiency of furnace
+
+printf('Efficiency of furnace = %.1f percent',efficiency)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a7049aca --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.6\n\n')
+
+P=400 //power absorbed in watts
+phi=acos(0.05) //power factor angle
+f=30*10^6 //frequency in hertz
+k_0=8.854*10^-12 //permittivity of free space
+k=5 //relative permittivity of wood
+A=150*10^-4 //area of cross section of plate in m^2
+t=0.01 //thickness in m
+
+C=k_0*k*A/t //capacitance of capacitor formed
+V = sqrt(P/(2*%pi*f*C*cos(phi)))
+printf('Necessary voltage is %.2f volts',V)
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b8ace9951 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.7\n\n')
+
+P=400 //power absorbed in watts
+phi=acos(0.05) //power factor angle
+f=40*10^6 //frequency in hertz
+k_0=8.854*10^-12 //permittivity of free space
+k=5 //relative permittivity of wood
+A=200*10^-4 //area of cross section of plate in m^2
+t=0.02 //thickness in m
+
+C=k_0*k*A/t //capacitance of capacitor formed
+
+V = sqrt(P/(2*%pi*f*C*cos(phi)))
+printf('Necessary voltage is %.0f volts',V)
+
+I=P/(V*cos(phi))
+printf('\nCurrent flowing through material is %.3f Amp',I)
+
+//heat produced=f*V^2 ;
+V_2=700 //new limited voltage
+f2 = f*(V/V_2)^2
+printf('\nRequired frequency is %.1f*10^6 Hz',f2/10^6)
+
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c8d7626e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.8\n\n')
+
+arc_voltage=50
+I=5000 //current drawn
+resistance= 0.002 //resistance of furnace leads including transformer
+reactance= 0.004 //reactance of furnace leads including transformer
+V1= I*resistance //voltage drop due to resistance of transformer
+V2= I*reactance //voltage drop due to reactance of transformer
+V_OC= sqrt( (arc_voltage+V1)^2 + V2^2 ) //open circuit phase voltage of transformer secondary
+
+//part(i)
+pf=(arc_voltage+V1)/V_OC
+power_drawn= I*V_OC*pf //power drawn from supply per phase
+total_power_drawn =power_drawn*3
+printf('Power factor of supply = %.4f\n',pf)
+printf('kW drawn from supply= %.0f kW\n',total_power_drawn/1000)
+
+//part(ii)
+m=2*10^3 //mass of steel to melt
+S=120//specific heat of steel
+L=8890//latent heating of fusion
+T2=1370;T1=20; //melting point and initial temperature
+efficiency=65/100//efficiency of furnace
+energy_required= ( m*S*(T2-T1) + m*L) /869 //energy reqd to melt steel in watts
+power_utilised= total_power_drawn * efficiency
+time= energy_required /power_utilised //time required for melting
+printf('Time required for melting = %d minutes %d seconds\n\n',60*time,60*(60*time- floor(60*time) ))
+
+printf('Answers might slightly vary due to lack of accuracy in energy required calculation')
diff --git a/2192/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.sce b/2192/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..833539e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 4.9\n\n')
+
+//PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i) PART(i)
+V=230;R=100;
+P_each = V^2/R
+
+//part(a)
+P1a=6*P_each //power consumed
+//part(b)
+P1b=V^2/(R+R+R) + V^2/(R+R+R) //power consumed
+
+//PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii) PART(ii)
+V=400/sqrt(3)
+
+//part(a)
+R_eq=R/2 //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+P2a=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+//part(b)
+R_eq=R+R //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+P2b=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+
+//PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii) PART(iii)
+V=400
+R_eq=R/2 //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+//part(a)
+P3a=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+//part(b)
+R_eq=R+R //equivalent resistance of given configuration
+P3b=V^2/R_eq //power consumed
+
+printf('Part(i)\n')
+printf('(a)Power consumed = %.3f kW\n',P1a/1000)
+printf('(b)Power consumed = %.0f watts\n',P1b)
+printf('Part(ii)\n')
+printf('(a)Power consumed = %.3f kW\n',P2a/1000)
+printf('(b)Power consumed = %.3f kW\n',P2b/1000)
+printf('Part(iii)\n')
+printf('(a)Power consumed = %.1f kW\n',P3a/1000)
+printf('(b)Power consumed = %.0f watts\n',P3b)
+
+printf('\nAnswers may mismatch due to calculation error in book')
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71548e906 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc,clear +printf('Example 7.1\n\n') + +Z=0.0003295 //electrochemical equivalent of copper +I=1 //current strength +T=100*60 //time in seconds +W= Z*I*T //weight of nickel deposited +D=8.9 //density of nickel +V=W/D //volume of nickel deposited +A=2.25 //area of plate +t=V/A //thickness of deposit + +printf('Thickness of copper deposited = %.4f cm',t) diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..89f3c178a --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.10\n\n')
+
+CE_Cu=32.8; CE_H=1//chemical equivalents
+ECE_H =0.01044*10^-3 //electrochemical equivalents
+ECE_Cu = ECE_H * (CE_Cu/CE_H)
+
+//copper
+T=1*60*60 //time in seconds
+I=40
+m=ECE_Cu *I*T
+
+printf('Weight of deposited copper = %.2f grams',m)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd9543d88 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.11\n\n')
+
+ECE_Cu = 0.327*10^-6*3600*1000 //in kg per 1000 Ah
+
+//400 cells, 5000 A , 100 hours per week, 52 weeks
+ampere_hours_per_annum=400*5000*100*52
+
+annual_output = ECE_Cu*ampere_hours_per_annum/(1000*1000) //in tonnes
+printf('Annual output of refined copper = %.0f tonnes',annual_output)
+V=0.25 //voltage per cell
+energy_per_annum=ampere_hours_per_annum*V/1000 //in kWh
+
+energy_consumpt_per_ton=energy_per_annum/ annual_output
+printf('\nEnergy consumption per tonne= %f kWh/tonne',energy_consumpt_per_ton)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.12/7_12.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.12/7_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..840a24071 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.12/7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.12\n\n')
+
+//nickel
+m=18.528*10^-3 //weight of nickel
+I=100 //current in amperes
+T=10*60 //time in seconds
+ECE_Ni=m/(I*T) //in kg/C
+
+//copper
+I_Cu=50
+T_Cu=6*60
+CE_Cu=63.18; CE_Ni=58.6;//chemical equivalents
+ECE_Cu= ECE_Ni*((CE_Cu/2)/(CE_Ni/2)) //bothare bivalent
+m_Cu= ECE_Cu * I_Cu*T_Cu
+
+printf('Weight of copper deposited = %f grams',1000*m_Cu)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.13/7_13.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.13/7_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..574d28f99 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.13/7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.13\n\n')
+
+CE_Ag=107.98; CE_Al=27/3; //chemical equivalents
+
+//Electrochemical equivalents
+ECE_Ag=0.00111*10^-3 //in kg/C
+ECE_Al=ECE_Ag * (CE_Al/CE_Ag)
+
+current_efficiency=92/100
+I=3000 //average current in A
+t=24*3600 //duration of flow of current in seconds
+m_al=ECE_Al*I*t*current_efficiency
+printf('Mass of aluminium produced = %.3f kg',m_al)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.14/7_14.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.14/7_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..59eb83792 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.14/7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.14\n\n')
+
+ECE_Cu=0.3281*10^-6 *3600//in kg/Ah
+
+//500 cells, 6000 A, 40 hours per week, 52 weeks
+ampere_hours_per_annum=500*6000*40*52
+annual_output= ECE_Cu*ampere_hours_per_annum/1000 //in tonnes
+
+V=0.25 //voltage per cell
+energy_consumd_per_annum= ampere_hours_per_annum * V/1000 //in kWh
+energy_consumtn_per_ton=energy_consumd_per_annum/ annual_output
+
+printf('Energy consumption per tonne = %.2f kWh/tonne', energy_consumtn_per_ton)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.15/7_15.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.15/7_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9d955642a --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.15/7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.15\n\n')
+
+diameter_shaft = 14
+length_shaft=30
+Surface_area_shaft =%pi* length_shaft * diameter_shaft
+
+thickness_coating = 1.5/10
+density_Ni= 8.9
+Mass_Ni= Surface_area_shaft * thickness_coating*density_Ni
+
+ECE_Ni=0.000304 //gram/C
+electricity_required= Mass_Ni/ECE_Ni
+printf('Theoritical value of electricity required = %.1f Amp-hour\n',electricity_required/3600)
+
+current_density=200*10^-4 //in A/cm^2
+current= current_density* Surface_area_shaft
+printf('Theoritical value of current required = %.1f A\n',current)
+Time_required= electricity_required / current
+
+printf('Time required = %.0f hours',Time_required/3600)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b6be0420 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.2\n\n')
+
+I=10 //strength of current
+T=20*60 //time of flow of current in seconds
+W=13.42 //weight of silver deposited in grams
+Z= W/(I*T) //Electrochemical equivalent of silver
+
+printf('Electrochemical equivalent of silver = %.6f g/coulomb',Z)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..130030b9f --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.3\n\n')
+
+W=5 //weight of copper to be deposited
+Z=0.3294*10^-3 //ECE of copper
+Q=W/Z //quantity of electricity required
+T=1*60*60 //time of deposit
+I=Q/T //steady current required
+
+printf('Required steady current = %.3f A',I)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..66528ad80 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.4')
+
+D=8.6 //density of nickel in gram/cm^3
+Z= 0.000304 //Electrochemical equivalent of silver in gram/coulomb
+I=4.3 //steady current passed in amperes
+
+//Volume=length*breadth*height
+V_initial =5*4*1 //volume before electroplating
+V_final= 5.02*4.02*1.02 //volume after electroplating
+V_nickel=V_final-V_initial //volume of nickel deposited
+
+W= V_nickel * D //weight of nickel deposited
+T = (W/(I*Z))/3600 //Time taken in hours
+
+printf('Time taken for deposition = %.0f seconds\n\n',3600*T)
+printf('=%.0f hours %.0f minutes %.0f seconds',T,(T-1)*60,((T-1)*60 - 4)*60)
+
+printf('\n\nAnswer may not match because of calculation mistake done in seconds to <hours,minute,second> conversion')
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..62df85bdb --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.5\n\n')
+
+D= 8.9 //density of nickel
+A=200 //area of plate
+thickness=0.2/10 //thicknes of coating
+V=200*thickness //volume of material to be plated
+W= V* D //weight of material to be deposited
+Z= 0.0003043 //Electrochemical equivalent of nickel
+Q = W / (Z*90/100) //Q is quantity of electricity
+printf('Quantity of electricity = %.1f A-hr\n',Q/3600)
+
+current_density = 190*10^-4 //current density in A/ cm^2
+current = current_density *A
+T=Q /current //time taken
+printf('Time taken = %f seconds\n',T)
+printf('or <%d hours,%d minutes,%d seconds>',T/3600,60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) , 60*((60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) )-floor(60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) )))
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f855bb65c --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.6\n\n')
+
+m=32 //mass of deposit
+Q=96500 //quantity of electricity
+Z=m/Q //electrochemical equivalent
+
+m1=20*10^-3
+Q1= m1* (Q/m)
+
+I=0.15 //steady current
+T=Q1/I//time taken to deposit 20 milli-gram
+printf('Time taken = %f seconds\n',T)
+printf('or <%d hours,%d minutes,%d seconds>',T/3600,60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) , 60*((60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) )-floor(60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) )))
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..46638b15a --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.7\n\n')
+
+
+SA_cylinder=%pi*(20/100)*(30/100) //total surface are of cylinder
+thickness=1 //thickness of nickel coating
+Volume = SA_cylinder *thickness
+Density = 8.9//density of Nickel
+Mass= Density * Volume
+
+Z=0.000304 //electrochemical equivalent of nickel
+T=2*60*60 //rime in seconds
+I = Mass/(Z*T) //current
+
+volts=10
+Energy=volts*I*T /(1000*3600) //energy consumed in 2 hours
+printf('Electrical energy used = %f kWh',Energy)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6268cd623 --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.8\n\n')
+
+m=0.322 //mass of deposit in grams
+T=10*60 //time in seconds
+Z=1.118*10^-3 //Electrochemical equivalent
+
+I=m/(T*Z)
+ammeter_reading=0.60
+ammeter_error= ammeter_reading - I
+printf('Ammeter error = %.2f A',ammeter_error)
diff --git a/2192/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce b/2192/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..558fd896f --- /dev/null +++ b/2192/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc,clear
+printf('Example 7.9\n\n')
+
+SA_plate= 2.54^2
+thickness= 0.05 //thickness of deposit
+density=9 //density of nickel
+W=SA_plate*thickness*density //masss of deposit
+
+CE_Ni=59; CE_Ag=108; //chemical equivalents
+ECE_Ag=0.001118 //electrochemical equivalents
+ECE_Ni = ECE_Ag*((CE_Ni/2)/CE_Ag) //valancy of Ni is 2
+
+I=20
+T=W/(ECE_Ni*I)
+printf('Time taken for deposition = %.0f seconds\n',T)
+printf('or <%d hours,%d minutes,%d seconds>',T/3600,60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) , 60*((60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) )-floor(60*((T/3600)- floor(T/3600) ) )))
+
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