diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1913/CH2')
30 files changed, 572 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.1/ex1.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.1/ex1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e089ad519 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.1/ex1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+h1=60;//The heat transfer in the process in kJ
+h2=-8;//The heat transfer in the process in kJ
+h3=-34;//The heat transfer in the process in kJ
+h4=6;//The heat transfer in the process in kJ
+
+//Calculations
+Q=h1+h2+h3+h4;//Net work transfer in a cycle in kJ
+
+//Output
+printf('Net work transfer in a cycle Q = %3.0f kJ ',Q)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.11/ex11.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.11/ex11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cc4cebb9f --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.11/ex11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+E1=4000;//Enthalpy at entrance in kJ/Kg
+E2=4100;//Enthalpy at exit in kJ/kg
+V1=50;//Velocity at entrance in m/s
+V2=20;//Velocity at exit in m/s
+h1=50;//Height at the entrance
+h2=10;//Height at the exit
+m=1;//mass flow rate to the system in kJ/s
+Q=200;//Heat transfer rate to the system in kJ/s
+g=9.8;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+P=m*(((V1^2-V2^2)/(2000))+(g*(h2-h1)/1000)+(E1-E2))+Q;//Power capacity of the system in kW
+printf('Power capacity of the system P = %3.4f kW ',P)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.12/ex12.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.12/ex12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da389d07e --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.12/ex12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+W=135;//Work done by the system in kJ/kg
+V1=0.37;//Specific volume of fluid at inlet in m^3/kg
+V2=0.62;//Specific volume of fluid at outlet in m^3/kg
+P1=600;//Pressure at the inlet in kPa
+P2=100;//Pressure at the outlet in kPa
+C1=16;//Velocity at the inlet in m/s
+C2=270;//Velocity at the outlet in m/s
+Z1=32;//Inlet height from floor level in m
+Z2=0;//Outlet height from floor level in m
+q=-9;//Heat loss between inlet and discharge in kJ/kg
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+U=((C2^2-C1^2)/2000)+(g*(Z2-Z1))/1000+(P2*V2-P1*V1)+W-q;//Change in specific internal energy of the system in kJ/kg
+
+//Output
+printf('Specific Internal Energy decreases by %3.3f kJ/kg ',U)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.13/ex13.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.13/ex13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d29fed806 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.13/ex13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+m=5;//Rate of fluid flow in the system in kg/s
+P1=620;//Pressure at the entrance in kPa
+P2=130;//Pressure at the exit in kPa
+C1=300;//Velocity at the entrance in m/s
+C2=150;//Velocity at the exit in m/s
+U1=2100;//Internal energy at the entrance in kJ/kg
+U2=1500;//Internal energy at the exit in kJ/kg
+V1=0.37;//Specific volume at entrance in m^3/kg
+V2=1.2;//Specific volume at exit in m^3/kg
+Q=-30;//Heat loss in the system during flow in kJ/kg
+Z=0;//Change in potential energy is neglected in m
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+W=((C1^2-C2^2)/(2*1000))+(g*Z)+(U1-U2)+(P1*V1-P2*V2)+Q;//Total work done in the system in kJ/kg
+P=W*m;//Power capacity of the system in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Total work done in the system W = %3.2f kJ/kg \n (b)Power capacity of the system P = %3.2f kW ',W,P)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.14/ex14.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.14/ex14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..af989227d --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.14/ex14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc
+clear
+P1=100;//Pressure at Inlet in kPa
+P2=500;//Pressure at Exit in kPa
+V1=0.6;//Specific volume at Inlet in m^3/kg
+V2=0.15;//Specific volume at Exit in m^3/kg
+U1=50;//Specific internal energy at inlet in kJ/kg
+U2=125;//Specific internal energy at Exit in kJ/kg
+C1=8;//Velocity of air at Inlet in m/s
+C2=4;//Velocity of air at Exit in m/s
+m=5;//Mass flow rate of air in kg/s
+Q=-45;//Heat rejected to cooling water in kW
+Z=0;//Change in potential energy is neglected in m
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+P=m*(((C1^2-C2^2)/(2*1000))+(g*Z)+(U1-U2)+(P1*V1-P2*V2))+Q;//Power required to drive the compressor in kW
+P1=-P;//Power required to drive the compressor in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('The power required to drive the compressor P = %3.2f kW ',P1)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.15/ex15.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.15/ex15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cd784de49 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.15/ex15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+m1=5000;//Steam flow rate in kg/hr
+Q1=-250;//Heat loss from the turbine insulation to surroundings in kj/min
+C1=40;//Velocity of steam at entrance in m/s
+h1=2500;//Enthalpy of the steam at entrance in kJ/kg
+C2=90;//Velocity of the steam at the Exit in m/s
+h2=2030;//Enthalpy of the steam at exit in kj/kg
+Z=0;//Change in potential energy is neglected in m
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+m=m1/3600;//Steam flow rate in kg/s
+Q=Q1/60;//Heat loss from the turbine to the surroundings
+P=m*(((C1^2-C2^2)/(2*1000))+(g*Z)+(h1-h2))+Q;//Power developed by the turbine in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('The power developed by the turbine P = %3.3f kW ',P)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.16/ex16.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.16/ex16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..20ecf2384 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.16/ex16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+c1=16;//Velocity of steam at entrance in m/s
+c2=37;//Velocity of steam at exit in m/s
+h1=2990;//Specific enthalpy of steam at entrance in kJ/kg
+h2=2530;//Specific enthalpy of steam at exit in kJ/kg
+Q=-25;//Heat lost to the surroundings in kJ/kg
+m1=360000;//The steam flow rate in kg/hr
+
+//Calculations
+m=m1/3600;//The steam flow rate in kg/s
+W=(((c1^2-c2^2)/(2*1000))+(h1-h2))+Q;//Total work done in the system in kJ/kg
+P=m*W;//Power developed by the turbine in kW
+//Output
+printf('The work output from the turbine P = %3.1f kW ',P)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.17/ex17.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.17/ex17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b65b1ddf --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.17/ex17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+p1=720;//Pressure at the entrance in kPa
+t1=850;//Temperature at the entrance in degree centigrade
+c1=160;//Velocity of the gas at entrance in m/s
+Q=0;//Insulation (adiabatic turbine)
+P2=115;//Pressure at the exit in kPa
+t2=450;//Temperature at the exit in degree centigrade
+c2=250;//Velocity of the gas at exit in m/s
+cp=1.04;//Specific heat of gas at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K
+
+//Calculations
+H=cp*(t1-t2);//Change in Enthalpy of the gas at entrance and exit in kJ/kg
+W=((c1^2-c2^2)/(2*1000))+(H);//External work output of the turbine in kJ/kg
+
+//Output
+printf('The external work output of the turbine W = %3.2f kJ/kg ',W)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.18/ex18.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.18/ex18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e4d639f3d --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.18/ex18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+p=5000;//Power output of an adiabatic steam turbine in kW
+p1=2000;//Pressure at the inlet in kPa
+p2=0.15;//Pressure at the exit in bar
+t1=400;//temperature at the inlet in degree centigrade
+x=0.9;//Dryness at the exit
+c1=50;//Velocity at the inlet in m/s
+c2=180;//Velocity at the exit in m/s
+z1=10;//Elevation at inlet in m
+z2=6;//Elevation at exit in m
+h1=3248.7;//Enthalpy at the inlet from the steam table corresponding to and 20 bar in kJ/kg
+hf=226;//Enthalpy at exit at 0.15 bar from steam tables in kJ/kg
+hfg=2373.2;//Enthalpy at exit at 0.15 bar from steam tables in kJ/kg
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+h2=hf+(x*hfg);//Enthalpy at the exit in kJ/kg
+W=(h1-h2)+((c1^2-c2^2)/(2*1000))+((g*(z1-z2))/1000);//Work done in the system in kJ/kg
+m=p/W;//Mass flow rate of the steam
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)The work done per unit mass of the steam flowing through turbine W = %3.2f kJ/kg \n (b)The mass flow rate of the steam m = %3.3f kg/s ',W,m)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.19/ex19.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.19/ex19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8df6c7e29 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.19/ex19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc
+clear
+p1=1000;//Pressure at the inlet in kPa
+t1=750;//Temperature at the inlet in K
+c1=200;//Velocity at the inlet in m/s
+p2=125;//Pressure at the exit in kPa
+c2=40;//Velocity at the exit in m/s
+m1=1000;//Mass flow rate of air in kg/hr
+cp=1.053;//Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kgK
+k=1.375;//Adiabatic index
+Q=0;//The turbine is adiabatic
+
+//Calculations
+m=m1/3600;//The mass flow rate of air in kg/s
+P=p2/p1;//Ratio of the pressure
+t2=t1*((p2/p1)^((k-1)/k));//Temperature of air at exit in K
+h=cp*(t2-t1);//Change in enthalpy of the system in kJ
+p=m*(((c2^2-c1^2)/(2*1000))+h);//Power output of the turbine in kW
+p1=-p;//Power output of the turbine in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Temperature of air at exit t2 = %3.3f K \n (b)The power output of the turbine P = %3.3f kW ',t2,p1)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.2/ex2.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.2/ex2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6858a2157 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.2/ex2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+Q=-300;//Heat transfer in the system consisting of the gas in kJ
+u=0;//Internal energy is constant
+
+//Calculations
+W=Q-u;//Work done of the system in kJ
+
+//Output
+printf('The work done of the system W = %3.0f kJ ',W)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.20/ex20.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.20/ex20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..342eb1742 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.20/ex20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+c1=7;//Velocity of air at entrance in m/s
+c2=5;//Velocity of air at exit in m/s
+p1=100;//Pressure at the entrance in kPa
+p2=700;//Pressure at the exit in kPa
+v1=0.95;//Specific volume at entrance in m^3/kg
+v2=0.19;//Specific volume at exit in m^3/kg
+u=90;//Change in internal energy of the air entering and leaving in kJ/kg
+z=0;//Potential energy is neglected
+Q=-58;//Heat rejected to the surroundings in kW
+m=0.5;//The rate at which air flow in kg/s
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+P=m*([(c1^2-c2^2)/(2000)]+(p1*v1-p2*v2)-u)+(Q);//The rate of work input to the air in kW
+A=(v1*c2)/(v2*c1);//From continuity equation the ratio of areas
+D=A^(1/2);//The ratio of inlet pipe diameter to the outlet pipe diameter
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)The rate of work input to the air P = %3.3f kW \n (b)The ratio of inlet pipe diameter to the outlet pipe diameter D = %3.2f ',P,D)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.21/ex21.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.21/ex21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e8591baa --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.21/ex21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+h1=3000;//Enthalpy of the fluid passing at inlet in kJ/kg
+h2=2757;//Enthalpy of the fluid at the discharge in kJ/kg
+c1=60;//Velocity of the fluid at inlet in m/s
+A1=0.1;//Inlet area of the nozzle in m^2
+v1=0.187;//Specific volume at inlet in m^3/kg
+v2=0.498;//Specific volume at the outlet in m^3/kg
+q=0;//Heat loss during the flow is negligable
+z=0;//The nozzle is horizontal so change in PE is constant
+w=0;//The work done is also negligable
+
+//Calculations
+c2=[2*1000*((h1-h2)+(c1^2/2000))]^(1/2);//Velocity at the exit in m/s
+m=(A1*c1)/v1;//The mass flow rate in kg/s
+A2=(m*v2)/c2;//Area at the exit of the nozzle in m^3
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)The velocity at the exit c2 = %3.2f m/s \n (b)The mass flow rate m = %3.2f kg/s \n (c)Area at the exit A2 = %3.4f m^2 ',c2,m,A2)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.22/ex22.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.22/ex22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..88f1a7d9a --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.22/ex22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+h1=3000;//Specific enthalpy of steam at inlet in kJ/kg
+h2=2762;//Specific enthalpy of steam at the outlet in kJ/kg
+v1=0.187;//Specific volume of steam at inlet in m^3/kg
+v2=0.498;//Specific volume of steam at the outlet in m^3/kg
+A1=0.1;//Area at the inlet in m^2
+q=0;//There is no heat loss
+z=0;//The nozzle is horizontal ,so no change in PE
+c1=60;//Velocity of the steam at the inlet in m/s
+
+//Calculations
+c2=[(2*1000)*((h1-h2)+(c1^2/2000))]^(1/2);//Velocity of the steam at the outlet in m/s
+m=(A1*c1)/v1;//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s
+m1=m*3600;//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/hr
+A2=(m*v2)/c2;//Area at the nozzle exit in m^2
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Velocity of the steam at the outlet c2 = %3.2f m/s \n (b)Mass flow rate of steam m = %3.3f kg/s (or) %3.2f kg/hr \n (c)Area at the nozzle exit A2 = %3.4f m^2 ',c2,m,m1,A2)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.23/ex23.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.23/ex23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..47158f380 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.23/ex23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+c1=40;//Velocity of air at the inlet of nozzle in m/s
+h=180;//The decrease in enthalpy in the nozzle in kJ/kg
+w=0;//Since adiabatic
+q=0;//Since adiabatic
+z=0;//Since adiabatic
+
+//Calculations
+c2=[(2*1000)*((h)+(c1^2/(2*1000)))]^(1/2);//The exit velocity of air in m/s
+
+//Output
+printf('The exit velocity of the air C2 = %3.2f m/s ',c2)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.24/ex24.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.24/ex24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a6bba362b --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.24/ex24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+p1=100;//Pressure at the inlet of the compressor in kPa
+p2=500;//Pressure at the outlet of the compressor in kPa
+v1=3;//Volume of the air at the inlet of the compressor in m^3/kg
+v2=0.8;//Volume of the air at the outlet of the compressor in m^3/kg
+c1=25;//The velocity of air at the inlet of the compressor in m/s
+c2=130;//The velocity of air at the outlet of the compressor in m/s
+z=12;//The height of delivery connection above the inlet in m
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+n=1.3;//Polytropic index
+
+//Calculations
+W=[(n)*(p1*v1-p2*v2)]/(n-1);//Workdone for open system polytropic process in kJ/kg
+K=[(c2^2-c1^2)/2000];//Change in kinetic energy of the system in kJ/kg
+P=g*(z)/1000;//Change in potential energy of the system in kJ/kg
+w=W-K-P;//The shaft work of the compressor in kJ/kg
+
+//Output
+printf('The Shaft work of the compressor w = %3.3f kJ/kg \n It is the power absorbing system',w)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.25/ex25.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.25/ex25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb9d0e2d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.25/ex25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+m=10;//The rate of fluid compressed adiabatically in kg/s
+p1=500;//Initial pressure of the process in kPa
+p2=5000;//Final pressure of the process in kPa
+v=0.001;//The specific volume of the fluid in m^3/kg
+
+//Calculations
+P=m*v*(p2-p1);//The power required in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('The power required P = %3.0f kW ',P)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.26/ex26.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.26/ex26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ec9e94ff --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.26/ex26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+m=2;//Mass flow rate of air in kg/s
+t1=20;//Initial temperature of the air in degree centigrade
+P=-30;//The amount of power consumed in kW
+c1=100;//The inlet velocity of air in m/s
+c2=150;//The outlet velocity of air in m/s
+R=0.287;//The gas constant for air in kJ/kg-K
+g=1.4;//It is the adiabatic index
+cp=1.005;//Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K
+q=0;//Heat developed as it is adiabatic condition
+z=0;//The change in potential energy is neglected
+
+//Calculations
+h=(P/m)+((c2^2-c1^2)/(2*1000));//The change in enthalpy of the system in kJ/kg
+t=h/cp;//The change in temperature of the system in degree centigrade
+t2=t1-t;//The exit air temperature in degree centigrade
+
+//Output
+printf('The exit air temperature is t2 = %3.2f degree centigrade ',t2)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.27/ex27.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.27/ex27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ead53be4b --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.27/ex27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+m=0.6;//Mass flow rate of air in kg/s
+W=40;//Power required to run the compressor in kW
+p1=100;//Initial pressure at the inlet of the compressor in kPa
+t1=30;//Initial temperature at the inlet of the compressor in degree centigrade
+z=0;//Change in potential energy is neglected
+c=0;//Change in kinetic energy is neglected
+q=0.4;//Heat lost to the cooling water ,bearings and frictional effects is 40% of input
+cp=1.005;//Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K
+
+//Calculations
+Q=q*W;//Net heat losses from the system in kW
+H=W-Q;//Change in total enthalpy of the system in kW
+t2=(H/(m*cp))+t1;//The exit air temperature in degree centigrade
+
+//Output
+printf('The exit air temperature T2 = %3.0f degree centigrade ',t2)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.28/ex28.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.28/ex28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..96da2fd93 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.28/ex28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+m1=100;//Air flow rate in kg/hr
+q1=600;//The heat generated by each person in kJ/hr
+h1=85;//The enthalpy of air entering the room in kJ/kg
+h2=60;//The enthalpy of air leaving the room in kJ/kg
+Q1=0.2;//The heat added by each lamp in the room in kW
+P1=0.2;//The power consumed by each fan in kW
+
+//Calculations
+q=(5*q1)/3600;//The heat generated by 5 persons in the room in kW
+Q=3*Q1;//The heat added by three lamps in the room in kW
+P=2*P1;//The power consumed by two fans in the room in kW
+m=m1/3600;//Mass flow rate of air in kg/s
+H=[q+Q+P]+[m*(h1-h2)];//Heat to be removed by the cooler in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('The rate at which the heat is to be removed by cooler X = %3.3f kJ/sec ',H)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.29/ex29.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.29/ex29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..378fabc72 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.29/ex29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+p1=1000;//Pressure at the inlet of the system in kPa
+p2=15;//Pressure at the outlet of the system in kPa
+v1=0.206;//Specific volume at the inlet of the system in m^3/kg
+v2=8.93;//Specific volume at the outlet of the system in m^3/kg
+h1=2827;//Specific enthalpy at the inlet of the system in kJ/kg
+h2=2341;//Specific enthalpy at the outlet of the system in kJ/kg
+c1=20;//Velocity at the inlet of the system in m/s
+c2=120;//Velocity at the outlet of the system in m/s
+z1=3.2;//Elevation at the inlet of the system in m
+z2=0.5;//Elevation at the outlet of the system in m
+m=2.1;//The fluid flow rate in kg/s
+W=750;//The work output of the device in kW
+g=9.81;//Gravitational constant in m/s^2
+
+//Calculations
+Q=m*[((c2^2-c1^2)/(2*1000))+((g*(z2-z1)/(1000)))+(h2-h1)]+W;//The heat loss/gain by the system in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('The Heat loss by the system Q = %3.4f kW ',Q)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.3/ex3.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.3/ex3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6e89065cc --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.3/ex3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+v1=1.5;//Initial volume of the process in m^3
+v2=4.5;//Final volume of the process in m^3
+Q=2000;//Amount of heat added in kJ
+
+//Calculations
+W=100*((3.5*log(v2/v1))+(3*(v2-v1)));//Amount of work done in kJ
+U=Q-W;//The change in internal energy in kJ
+
+//Output
+printf('The change in internal energy is %3.4f kJ ',U)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.30/ex30.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.30/ex30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..75d3ac0bc --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.30/ex30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+t1=15;//The inlet temperature of the air passing through the heat exchanger in degree centigrade
+c1=30;//The inlet velocity of air in m/s
+t2=800;//The outlet temperature of the air from heat exchanger in degree centigrade
+t2'==800;//The inlet temperature of the air to the turbine in degree centigrade
+c2=30;//The inlet velocity of air to the turbine in m/s
+t3=650;//The outlet temperature of the air from the turbine in degree centigrade
+t3'==650;//the inlet temperature of the air to the nozzle in degree centigrade
+c3=60;//The outlet velocity of the air from turbine in m/s
+c3'==60;//Velocity at the inlet of the nozzle in m/s
+t4=500;//The temperature at the outlet of the nozzle in degree centigrade
+m=2;//Air flow rate in kg/s
+cp=1.005;//Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kgK
+
+//Calculations
+Qh=m*cp*(t2-t1);//Rate of heat transfer to the air in the heat exchanger in kJ/s
+P=m*[(cp*(t2'-t3))+((c2^2-c3^2)/2000)];//Power output from the turbine in kW
+c4=[(2*1000)*[cp*(t3'-t4)]+c3^2]^(1/2);//Velocity of air at exit from nozzle in m/s
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Rate of heat transfer to the air in the heat exchanger q = %3.2f kJ/s \n (b)Power output from the turbine W = %3.1f kW \n (c)Velocity of air at exit from nozzle C = %3.2f m/s ',Qh,P,c4)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.31/ex31.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.31/ex31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..624cb8838 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.31/ex31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+p1=400;//Initial pressure of the gas in a turbine in kPa
+t1=573;//Initial temperature of the gas in a turbine in K
+p2=100;//Final pressure of the gas in a turbine in kPa
+V=2.5;//It is the ratio of final volume to the inlet volume
+c2=50;//Velocity of the gas at exit in m/s
+P=1000;//Power developed by the turbine in kW
+cp=5.193;//Specific heat of the helium at constant pressure in kJ/kg K
+G=8.314;//Gas constant in kNm/kgK
+M=4;//Molecular weight of the helium
+
+//Calculations
+R=G/M;//Characteristic gas constant in kNm/kgK
+v1=(R*t1)/p1;//Specific volume at the inlet in m^3/kg
+v2=V*v1;//Specific volume at the outlet in m^3/kg
+n=log(p2/p1)/log(v1/v2);//Polytropic index
+t2=[(t1)*((p2/p1)^((n-1)/n))];//Final temperature of the gas in a turbine in K
+w=(n/(n-1))*(R*(t1))*[1-((p2*v2)/(p1*v1))];//Specific work in kJ/kg
+K=c2^2/(2*1000);//Change in kinetic energy in kJ/kg
+Ws=w-K;//Work done by the shaft in kJ/kg
+q=Ws+(cp*(t2-t1))+K;//The heat transfer during the process in kJ/kg
+m=P/Ws;//Mass flow rate of gas required in kg/s
+A2=(m*v2)/c2;//Exit area of the turbine in m^2
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)The mass flow rate of the gas required m = %3.4f kg/s \n (b)The heat transfer during the process q = %3.2f kJ/kg \n (c)Exit area of the turbine A2 = %3.4f m^2 ',m,q,A2)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.4/ex4.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.4/ex4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c278c8d43 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.4/ex4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+h1=35;//Enthalpy of water entering the boiler in kJ/kg
+h2=705;//Enthalpy of steam leaving the boiler in kJ/kg
+C=0;//Change in kinetic energy is neglected
+Z=0;//Change in potential energy is neglected
+
+//Calculations
+q=h2-h1;//The heat transfer per kg of steam in kJ/kg
+
+//Output
+printf('The heat transfer per kg of steam q = %3.0f kJ/kg ',q)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.5/ex5.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.5/ex5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1040d810 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.5/ex5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+Q=-170;//Sum of all heat transfers per cycle in kJ
+N=100;//Total number of cycles per min in cycles/min
+Q1=0;//Heat developed in a-b process in kJ/min
+Q2=21000;//Heat developed in b-c process in kJ/min
+Q3=-2100;//Heat developed in c-d process in kJ/min
+W1=2170;//Work done in the process a-b in kJ/min
+W2=0;//Work done in the b-c process in kJ/min
+E3=-36600;//Change in energy in the process in kJ/min
+
+//Calculations
+E1=Q1-W1;//Change in energy in process a-b in kJ/min
+E2=Q2-W2;//Change in energy in b-c process in kJ/min
+W3=Q3-E3;//Work done in the c-d process in kJ/min
+Qt=Q*N;//Total heat transfer per min in kJ/min
+Q4=Qt-Q1-Q2-Q3;//Heat developed in the process d-a in kJ/min
+Et=0;//Total change in energy of the cycle
+E4=Et-E1-E2-E3;//Energy in the process d-a in kJ/min
+W4=Q4-E4;//Work done in the d-a process in kJ/min
+Wn=Qt/60;//Net rate of work output in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Change in energy in a-b process E = %3.0f kJ/min \n (b)Change in energy in b-c process E = %3.0f kJ/min \n (c)Work done in the c-d process W = %3.0f kJ/min \n (d)Heat developed in the process d-a Q = %3.0f kJ/min \n (e)Energy in the process d-a E = %3.0f kJ/min \n (f)Work done in the d-a process W =%3.0f kJ/min \n (g)Net rate of work output W = %3.2f kW ',E1,E2,W3,Q4,E4,W4,Wn)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.6/ex6.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.6/ex6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c7dff53c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.6/ex6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+Q1=50;//Heat developed in the 1-2 process in kJ/kg
+U1=20;//Change in energy in the 1-2 process in kJ/kg
+Q2=-30;//Heat developed in the 2-3 process in kJ/kg
+W2=-40;//Work done in the 2-3 process in kj/kg
+U3=-30;//Change in energy in the 3-1 process in kJ/kg
+Wt=30;//Net work done per kg of fluid in kJ/kg
+m=0.1;//Mass of fluid in the cycle in kg
+N=10;//Number of cycles per sec in cycles/sec
+
+//Calculations
+W1=Q1-U1;//Work done in the 1-2 process in kJ/kg
+U2=Q2-W2;//Change in energy in the 2-3 process in kJ/kg
+W3=Wt-W1-W2;//Work done in the 3-1 process in kJ/kg
+Q3=W3+U3;//Heat developed in the process in kJ/kg
+m1=m*N;//mass flow rate per sec in kg/sec
+P=Wt*m1;//Rate of power in kW
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Work done in the 1-2 process W =%3.0f kJ/kg \n (b)Change in energy in the 2-3 process U = %3.0f kJ/kg \n (c)Work done in the 3-1 process W = %3.0f kJ/kg \n (d)Heat developed in the process Q = %3.0f kJ/kg \n (e)mass flow rate per sec m = %3.0f kg/sec \n (f)Rate of power P = %3.0f kW',W1,U2,W3,Q3,m1,P)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.7/ex7.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.7/ex7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..136db5b4c --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.7/ex7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+m=3;//Mass of substance in the system in kg
+P1=500;//Initial pressure of the system in kPa
+P2=100;//Final pressure of the system in kPa
+V1=0.22;//Initial volume of the system in m^3
+n=1.2;//Polytropic index
+Q1=30;//Heat transfer for the another process
+
+//Calculations
+V2=V1*(P1/P2)^(1/1.2);//Final volume of the system in m^3
+U=3.56*(P2*V2-P1*V1);//Total change in internal energy in kJ
+W1=(P2*V2-P1*V1)/(1-n);//Work done for the 1-2 process in kJ
+Q=U+W1;//Heat developed in the process in kJ
+W2=Q1-U;//Work done for the another process in kJ
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Total change in internal energy U = %3.0f kJ \n (b)Work done for the 1-2 process W = %3.0f kJ \n (c)Heat developed in the process Q = %3.0f kJ \n (d)Work done for the another process W = %3.0f kJ ',U,W1,Q,W2)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.8/ex8.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.8/ex8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c12470aff --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.8/ex8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc
+clear
+m=5;//Mass of the substance in the system in kg
+P1=500;//Initial pressure of the system in kPa
+P2=100;//Final pressure of the system in kPa
+V1=0.22;//Initial volume of the system in m^3
+n=1.2;//Polytropic index
+
+//Calculations
+V2=V1*(P1/P2)^(1/1.2);//Final volume of the system in m^3
+U=3.5*(P2*V2-P1*V1);//Change in the internal energy of the system in kJ
+W=(P1*V1-P2*V2)/(n-1);//Work developed in the process in kJ
+Q=U+W;//Heat transfer in the process in kJ
+
+//Output
+printf('(1)Heat transfer of the process Q = %3.0f kJ \n (2)Total change in Internal Energy U = %3.0f kJ \n (3)Non flow work in the process W = %3.0f kJ ',Q,U,W)
diff --git a/1913/CH2/EX2.9/ex9.sce b/1913/CH2/EX2.9/ex9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5147d7560 --- /dev/null +++ b/1913/CH2/EX2.9/ex9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc
+clear
+//Input data
+p1=170;//Initial pressure of the fluid in kPa
+p2=400;//Final pressure of the fluid in kPa
+v1=0.03;//Initial volume in m^3
+v2=0.06;//Final volume in m^3
+
+//Calculations
+U=3.15*[(p2*v2)-(p1*v1)];//The change in internal energy of the fluid in kJ
+A=[1 v1
+ 1 v2] //Coefficient matrix
+B=[p1
+ p2] //Constant matrix
+X=inv(A)*B;//Variable matrix
+W=[X(1)*(v2-v1)]+[X(2)*((v2^2-v1^2)/2)];//The work done during the process in kJ
+Q=U+W;//The heat transfer in kJ
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)The direction and magnitude of work W = %3.2f kJ \n (b)The direction and magnitude of heat transfer Q = %3.2f kJ ',W,Q)
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