diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1883')
108 files changed, 1781 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.1/Example1_24.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.1/Example1_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3702c5635 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.1/Example1_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_1,pg 1-11
+
+i=45 //angle of incidence
+
+u=1.2 //refractive index of soap film
+
+t=4*10^-5 //thickness of soap film
+
+r=asind(sind(i)/u) //by Snell's law
+
+//for dark band '2*u*t*cos(r) = n*lam'
+
+wavelength_1=(2*u*t*cosd(r)/1)*10^8 //for n=1
+
+wavelength_2=(2*u*t*cosd(r)/2)*10^8 //for n=2
+
+wavelength_3=(2*u*t*cosd(r)/3)*10^8 //for n=3
+
+//visible range of wavelengths is 4000 A. to 7000 A.
+
+printf('\n for n=1 wavelength = %.1f A.\n',wavelength_1)
+
+printf('\n for n=2 wavelength = %.1f A.\n',wavelength_2)
+
+printf('\n for n=3 wavelength = %.2f A.\n',wavelength_3)
+
+printf('\n hence, none of the wavelengths from the visible region are absent in reflected light ')
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.2/Example1_25.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.2/Example1_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..90c9af1c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.2/Example1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_2,pg 1-12
+
+u=1.33 //refractive index of soap film
+
+t=5*10^-5 //thickness of soap film
+
+//for normal incidence
+
+r=0 //angle of refraction
+
+//for constructive interference '2*u*t*cos(r) = (2*n-1)*wavelength/2'
+
+wavelength_1=(2*u*t*cos(r)*2/(2*1-1))*10^8 //for n=1
+
+wavelength_2=(2*u*t*cos(r)*2/(2*2-1))*10^8 //for n=2
+
+wavelength_3=(2*u*t*cos(r)*2/(2*3-1))*10^8 //for n=3
+
+wavelength_4=(2*u*t*cos(r)*2/(2*4-1))*10^8 //for n=4
+
+//visible range of wavelengths is 4000 A. to 7000 A.
+
+printf('\n for n=1 wavelength = %.1f A.\n',wavelength_1)
+
+printf('\n for n=2 wavelength = %.1f A.\n',wavelength_2)
+
+printf('\n for n=3 wavelength = %.1f A.\n',wavelength_3)
+
+printf('\n for n=4 wavelength = %.1f A.\n',wavelength_4)
+
+printf('\n The wavelength will be reflected is wavelength = %.1f A.\n',wavelength_3)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.3/Example1_20.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.3/Example1_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1df4a9fff --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.3/Example1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_3,pg 1-12
+
+u=4/3 //refractive index of soap film
+
+t=1.5*10^-4 //thickness of soap film
+
+wavelength=5*10^-5 //wavelength of light
+
+i=45 //angle of incidece
+
+r=asind(sind(i)/u) //by Snell's law
+
+n=2*u*t*cosd(r)/wavelength //for nth dark band
+
+printf("\n the order of an interference band is n = %.0f",n)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.4/Example1_19.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.4/Example1_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5d7a4137e --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.4/Example1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_4,pg 1-13
+
+//for constructive interference 2 u t cos(r) = (2 n -1) wavelength/2
+
+u=1.33
+
+i=45
+
+r=asind(sind(i)/u) //by Snell's law
+
+n=1 //for minimum thickness
+
+wavelength=5896*10^-8
+
+t=(2*n-1)*wavelength/(4*u*cosd(r))
+
+printf("\n the minimum thickness of soap film is t = %.7f cm",t)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.5/Example1_26.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.5/Example1_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d767b8e2c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.5/Example1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_5,pg 1-14
+
+u=1.3 //refractive index of liquid
+
+r=0 //angle of refraction for normal incidence
+
+wavelength_1=7000 //wavelength of light
+
+wavelength_2=5000 //wavelength of light
+
+//for destructive interference '2*u*t*cos(r) = (2*n-1)*wavelength/2'
+
+//'n' order for 'wavelength_1' and 'n+1' order for 'wavelength_2'
+
+//as LHS is same for both the wavelengths, therefore
+
+//(2*n-1)*7000/2 =(2*(n+1)-1)*5000/2
+
+n=3 //number of orders
+
+t=((2*n)-1)*wavelength_1/(4*u*cosd(r))
+
+printf('\nThe thickness of oil layer is t = %.2f A.',t)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.6/Example1_21.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.6/Example1_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..81624a89c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.6/Example1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_6,pg 1-15
+
+n=8
+
+wavelength=5890*10^-8 //wavelength of light
+
+u=1.46 //refractive index of oil
+
+i=30 //angle of incidence
+
+r=asind(sind(i)/u) //by Snell's law
+
+t=n*wavelength/(2*u*cosd(r))
+
+printf("\n the thickness of an oil film is t =%.7f cm",t)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.7/Example1_22.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.7/Example1_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f3829f01 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.7/Example1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_7,pg 1-15
+
+u=1.5 //refractive index of thin film
+
+r1=60 //angle of refraction
+
+wavelength=5890*10^-8 //wavelength of light
+
+n=1 //for minimum thickness
+
+t1=n*wavelength/(2*u*cosd(r1))
+
+printf("\n the thickness of an oil film is t =%.7f cm",t1)
+
+r2=0 //for normal incidence
+
+t2=n*wavelength/(2*u*cosd(r2))
+
+printf("\n the thickness of an oil film is t =%.7f cm",t2)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.8/Example1_23.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.8/Example1_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc5c78255 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.8/Example1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_8,pg 1-16
+
+V=0.2 //volume of oil
+
+A=10^4 //area
+
+t=V/A //Thickness of oil film
+
+r=0 //for normal incidence
+
+n=1 //for 1st dark band
+
+wavelength=5.5*10^-5 //wavelength of light
+
+u=n*wavelength/(2*t*cosd(r))
+
+printf('\nrefractive index of oil is u = %.3f',u)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.2.9/Example1_27.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.9/Example1_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53e5f4ec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.2.9/Example1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_2_9,pg 1-17
+
+u=1.2 //refractive index of oil film
+
+t=2*10^-7 //thickness of oil film
+
+r=60 //angle of refraction
+
+//for destructive interference '2*u*t*cos(r) = (2*n-1)*wavelength/2'
+
+wavelength_1=(2*u*t*cosd(r)*2/(2*1-1))*10^10 //for n=1
+
+wavelength_2=(2*u*t*cosd(r)*2/(2*2-1))*10^10 //for n=2
+
+wavelength_3=(2*u*t*cosd(r)*2/(2*3-1))*10^10 //for n=3
+
+//visible range of wavelengths is 4000*10^-10 m to 7000*10^-10 m
+
+printf('\n for n=1 wavelength = %.f A.\n',wavelength_1)
+
+printf('\n for n=2 wavelength = %.f A.\n',wavelength_2)
+
+printf('\n for n=3 wavelength = %.f A.\n',wavelength_3)
+
+printf('\n The wavelength will be reflected is wavelength = %.f A.\n',wavelength_1)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.3.1/Example1_3.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.1/Example1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ad9152a24 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.1/Example1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_3_1,pg 1-21
+
+N=10 //no of dark fringes
+
+d=1.2 //distance between consecutive fringes
+
+B_air=d/N //fringe width in air
+
+a=(40/3600)*(%pi/180) //angle made by film in radians
+
+wavelength=2*a*B_air //as fringe width in air is 'B_air = wavelength/(2*a)'
+
+printf("\nThe wavelength of monochromatic light is = %.8f cm\n",wavelength)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.3.2/Example1_4.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.2/Example1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9fe1e21a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.2/Example1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_3_2,pg 1-22
+
+wavelength=5893*10^-8 //wavelength of light
+
+B=0.1 //fringe width
+
+u=1.52 //refractive index of glass wedge
+
+a=(wavelength/(2*u*B))*3600*(180/%pi) //as fringe spacing is 'B = wavelength/(2*a*u)'
+
+printf("\nThe angle of wedge is a =%.2f seconds \n",a)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.3.3/Example1_5.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.3/Example1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa23f91a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.3/Example1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_3_3,pg 1-22
+
+B=0.25 //fringe width
+
+u=1.4 //refractive index of film
+
+a=(20/3600)*(%pi/180) //angle made by film in radians
+
+wavelength=2*a*B*u //as fringe width is 'B = wavelength/(2*a*u)'
+
+printf("\nThe wavelength of monochromatic light is = %.8f cm\n",wavelength)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.3.4/Example1_6.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.4/Example1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..613cf3fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.4/Example1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_3_4,pg 1-23
+
+wavelength=5.82*10^-5 //wavelength of a monochromatic light
+
+u=1.5 //refractive index of glass
+
+a=(20/3600)*(%pi/180) //angle made by glass film in radians
+
+B=wavelength/(2*u*a) //The fringe width
+
+N=1/B //the number of fringes per cm
+
+printf("\nThe number of fringes per cm = %.f \n",N)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.3.5/Example1_7.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.5/Example1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..757390f8f --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.5/Example1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_3_5,pg 1-24
+
+wavelength=6*10^-5 //wavelength of light
+
+B=0.1 //fringe width(as there are 10 fringes)
+
+u=1 //refractive index of air wedge
+
+a=wavelength/(2*u*B) //as fringe spacing is 'B = wavelength/(2*a*u)'
+
+dist=10 //distance of plane of rectangular pieces from wire
+
+d=a*dist //as for small angle 'tan(a) = a = d/dist'
+
+printf("\nThe diameter of wire is d = %.3f cm\n",d)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.3.6/Example1_8.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.6/Example1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..690f9e085 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.3.6/Example1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_3_6,pg 1-24
+
+a=10^-4 //as for small angle 'tan(a) = a'
+
+wavelength=5900*10^-10 //wavelength of light in air
+
+u=1 //refractive index of air
+
+B=wavelength/(2*u*a) //The fringe width
+
+printf("\nThe fringe width is B = %.5f m\n",B)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.1/Example1_9.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.1/Example1_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5832574dd --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.1/Example1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_1,pg 1-32
+
+//let the diameter of nth dark ring be double the diameter of that of 40th ring
+
+//as Dn^2 = 4*R*n*wavelength
+
+n_1=40 //40 th dark ring
+
+n=4*n_1 //as diameter is double
+
+printf('\nThe ring number is n= %.f',n)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.11/Example1_17.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.11/Example1_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f427f4eb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.11/Example1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_11,pg 1-37
+
+D_4=0.4 //diameter of 4th dark ring
+
+D_12=0.7 //diameter of 12th dark ring
+
+const=D_4^2/(4*4) //assume (R*wavelength = const) for 4th dark ring
+
+D_20=sqrt(4*20*const) //For 20th dark ring
+
+printf('\nDiameter of 20th dark ring is D20 = %.3f cm\n',D_20)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.12/Example1_18.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.12/Example1_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d42c7873d --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.12/Example1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_12,pg 1-38
+
+n_1=5 //5th ring
+
+n_2=15 //15th ring
+
+p=n_2-n_1 //difference between rings
+
+Dn_1=0.336 //diameter of 5th ring
+
+Dn_2=0.59 //diameter of 15th ring
+
+R=100 //Radius of curvature
+
+wavelength=(Dn_2^2-Dn_1^2)/(4*p*R)*10^8 //wavelength of light
+
+printf('\nwavelength of light is = %.f A.',wavelength)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.2/Example1_10.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.2/Example1_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8fae414c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.2/Example1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_2,pg 1-32
+
+//For dark rings Dn=sqrt(4*R*n*wavelength)
+
+n=10 //10th ring
+
+Dn=0.5 //diameter of 10th ring
+
+wavelength=5*10^-5 //wavelength of light
+
+R=Dn^2/(4*n*wavelength) //radius of curvature
+
+t=Dn^2/(8*R) //thickness of film
+
+printf('\nThe radius of curvature is R = %.2f cm\n',R)
+
+printf('\nThe thickness of film is t = %.5f cm\n',t)
+
+//mistake in textbook
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.3/Example1_11.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.3/Example1_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a4084a90a --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.3/Example1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_3,pg 1-33
+
+n_1=5 //5th ring
+
+n_2=15 //15th ring
+
+p=n_2-n_1 //difference between rings
+
+Dn_1=0.336 //diameter of 5th ring
+
+Dn_2=0.59 //diameter of 15th ring
+
+wavelength=5890*10^-8 //wavelength of light
+
+R=(Dn_2^2-Dn_1^2)/(4*p*wavelength) //radius of curvature
+
+printf('\nThe radius of curvature is R = %.2f cm\n',R)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.4/Example1_12.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.4/Example1_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ad6eed6ca --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.4/Example1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_4,pg 1-33
+
+//as n1 = nth ring n2 = (n+8)th ring
+
+p=8 //difference between rings
+
+Dn_1=0.42 //diameter of 5th ring
+
+Dn_2=0.7 //diameter of 15th ring
+
+R=200 //radius of curvature
+
+wavelength=(Dn_2^2-Dn_1^2)/(4*p*R) //wavelength of light
+
+printf('\nThe wavelength of light is wavelength = %.6f cm\n',wavelength)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.5/Example1_13.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.5/Example1_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0239c2f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.5/Example1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//chapter-1,Example1_4_5,pg 1-34
+
+Dn_1=0.218 //Diameter of nth ring
+
+Dn_2=0.451 //Diameter of (n+10)th ring
+
+wavelength=5893*10^-8 //wavelength of light
+
+R=90 //Radius of curvature
+
+p=10
+
+u=(4*p*wavelength*R)/(Dn_2^2-Dn_1^2) //Refractive index of liquid
+
+printf('\nRefractive index of liquid is u = %.3f',u)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.6/Example1_14.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.6/Example1_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2e73b3a23 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.6/Example1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//chapter-1,Example1_4_6,pg 1-34
+
+//For nth dark ring Dn^2 =4*R*n*wavelength
+
+D_5=0.42 //Diameter of 5th dark ring
+
+D_10=sqrt(2*D_5^2) //as number of ring double, the diameter is sqrt(2) times the diameter of original ring
+
+printf('\nThe diameter of 10th dark ring is D10 = %.3f cm',D_10)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.7/Example1_15.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.7/Example1_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..63d9ccfd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.7/Example1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_7,pg 1-35
+
+R=200 //radius of curvature
+
+wavelength_1=6000*10^-8 //wavelength of light for nth dark ring
+
+wavelength_2=5000*10^-8 //wavelength of light for (n+1)th dark ring
+
+//as nth ring due to wavelength_1= 6000*10^-8 cm is coincide with (n+1)th ring due to wavelength_2=5000*10^-8 cm
+
+//therefore 6*n = 5*(n+1)
+
+n=5
+
+Dn=sqrt(4*R*n*wavelength_1)
+
+printf('\nDiameter of nth dark ring due to wavelength 6000 A. is Dn = %.4f cm\n',Dn)
+
+//wrong ans in textbook
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.4.8/Example1_16.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.8/Example1_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a855a532c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.4.8/Example1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_4_8,pg 1-35
+
+D_air=2.3 //Diameter of bright ring in air
+
+D_liquid=2 //Diameter of bright ring in liquid
+
+u=D_air^2/D_liquid^2 //Refractive index of liquid
+
+printf('\n The refractive index of liquid is u = %.4f \n',u)
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.7.1/Example1_1.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.7.1/Example1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c25d4263e --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.7.1/Example1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_7_1,pg 1-42
+
+wavelength=560 //wavelength of light in air
+
+u=2.0 //refractive index of silicon monoxide material
+
+//The wavelength of 'wavelength_1' in a medium of refractive index 'u' is
+
+wavelength_1=wavelength/u
+
+t=wavelength_1/4 //thickness of the film
+
+printf("\nThe thickness of the film is = %.f nm\n",t)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH1/EX1.7.2/Example1_2.sce b/1883/CH1/EX1.7.2/Example1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f1ee05d59 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH1/EX1.7.2/Example1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-1,Example1_7_2,pg 1-42
+
+wavelength=6000 //wavelength of light in air
+
+u=1.2 //refractive index of transparant material
+
+wavelength_1=wavelength/u //The wavelength of wavelength_1 in a medium of refractive index 'u'
+
+t=wavelength_1/4 //thickness of coating
+
+printf("\nThe thickness of coating to eliminate reflection is t = %.f A.\n",t)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.2.1/Example2_1.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.1/Example2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12f6e2e5b --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.1/Example2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_2_1,pg 2-10
+
+angle=30 //angle of incidance
+
+n=1 //first minimum
+
+wavelength=6500*10^-8 //wavelength of light
+
+a=(n*wavelength)/sind(angle) //For minimum intensity in single slit
+
+printf('\nvalue of a =%.5f cm\n',a)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.2.2/Example2_2.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.2/Example2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6476f01bc --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.2/Example2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_2_2,pg 2-10
+
+a=6*10^-6 //width of slit
+
+n=1 //for first minimum
+
+wavelength=6000*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=2*asind(n*wavelength/a) //angular seperation
+
+printf('\nThe angular seperation between first order minima is angle = %.4f degree\n',angle)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.2.3/Example2_3.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.3/Example2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..286581f4a --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.3/Example2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_2_3,pg 2-11
+
+n2=2 //for second order minima
+
+n3=3 //for third order minima
+
+wavelength_3=4000 //wavelength of light for third order minima
+
+//as second order minima is coincide with third order minima, n2*wavelength2= n3*wavelength_3
+
+wavelength_2=n3*wavelength_3/n2
+
+printf("\nwavelength of light for second order minima is = %.f A.",wavelength_2)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.2.4/Example2_4.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.4/Example2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44dcb6133 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.4/Example2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_2_4,pg 2-11
+
+a=0.16*10^-3 //width of slit
+
+n=1 //for first minimum
+
+wavelength=5600*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=asind(n*wavelength/a) //angular seperation
+
+printf('\nThe half angular width of a principal maximum is angle = %.4f degrees\n',angle)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.2.5/Example2_5.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.5/Example2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..79eda63be --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.5/Example2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_2_5,pg 2-11
+
+a=12*10^-7 //width of slit
+
+n=1 //for first minimum
+
+wavelength=6000*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=asind(n*wavelength/a) //angular seperation
+
+printf('\nThe half angular width of the central maximum is angle = %.1f degrees\n',angle)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.2.6/Example2_6.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.6/Example2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b45e1cbd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.2.6/Example2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_2_6,pg 2-12
+
+a=2*10^-6 //width of slit
+
+n=1 //for first minimum
+
+wavelength=6500*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=asind(n*wavelength/a) //angular seperation
+
+printf('\nThe half angular width of a principal maximum is angle =%.2f degrees\n',angle)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example2_7.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f1eaeb59b --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_3_1,pg 2-16
+
+a=0.16 //width of slit
+
+b=0.8 //width of slit
+
+n=[1 2 3] //no of minima
+
+m=((a+b)/a).*n
+
+printf('\nthe missing orders are m = ')
+
+disp(m)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example2_8.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32cfcca7b --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_1,pg 2-24 + +wavelength_1=5000 //wavelength of light + +wavelength_2=7000 //wavelength of light + +N=4000 //number of lines per cm + +m_1=1/((wavelength_1*10^-8)*N) //for wavelength= 5000 A. + +m_2=1/((wavelength_2*10^-8)*N) //for wavelength= 7000 A. + +printf('\nnumber of orders visible for 7000*10^-10 meter are %.2f\n',m_2) + +printf('\nnumber of orders visible for 5000*10^-10 meter are %.1f\n',m_1) diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.10/Example2_17.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.10/Example2_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..210377715 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.10/Example2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_10,pg 2-28
+
+N=5000*10^2 //Number of lines per meter
+
+wavelength=6000*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+m_max=1/(N*wavelength)
+
+//for absent spectra
+
+n=[1 2 3]
+
+m=3*n //as b = 2a and m = ((a+b)/a)*n
+
+printf('\n The order of absent spectra is m = %.0f ',m_max)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.11/Example2_18.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.11/Example2_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b61bff46c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.11/Example2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_11,pg 2-28
+
+m=1 //first ordr spectrum
+
+wavelength=5790*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=19.994 //angle of diffraction
+
+N=2.54*sind(angle)/(m*wavelength*100)
+
+printf('\nNumber of lines per 2.54 cm is N = %.0f lines',N)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example2_9.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example2_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c201205e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_2,pg 2-24
+
+//as a mth order of wavelength 5400 A. is superimposed on (m+1)th order of wavelength 4050 A.
+
+angle=30 //angle of diffraction
+
+wavelength_1=5400 //for mth order
+
+wavelength_2=4050 //for (m+1)th order
+
+m=wavelength_2/(wavelength_1-wavelength_2)
+
+N=(sind(angle)/(m*wavelength_1))*10^8 //Number of lines per cm
+
+printf('\nNumber of lines per cm N = %.2f',N)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example2_10.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4310ced05 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_3,pg 2-25
+
+//as 3rd order line of wavelength lam is coincide with 4th order wavelength 4992 A.
+
+m_1=3 //3rd order
+
+m_2=4 //for 4th order
+
+wavelength_2=4992 //for 4th order
+
+wavelength_1=m_2*wavelength_2/m_1
+
+printf('\nwavelength of light is = %.0f A.',wavelength_1)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example2_11.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example2_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a906e196a --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_4,pg 2-25
+
+wavelength=6328*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+m1=1 //for first order
+
+m2=2 //for second order
+
+N= 6000*10^2 //Number of lines per unit length
+
+angle_1=asind(N*m1*wavelength)
+
+angle_2=asind(N*m2*wavelength)
+
+printf('\nangle of diaffraction for 1st order minima is ang1 = %.2f degrees',angle_1)
+
+printf('\nangle of diaffraction for 2nd order minima is ang2 = %.2f degrees',angle_2)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example2_12.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example2_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2d1a4557d --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_5,pg 2-26
+
+m=2 //ofr second order principal maximum
+
+wavelength=5*10^-5 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=30 //ang of diaffraction
+
+N=sind(angle)/(m*wavelength)
+
+printf('\nNumber of lines per cm is N = %.f',N)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.6/Example2_13.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.6/Example2_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5981d0b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.6/Example2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_6,pg 2-26
+
+m=3 //third order
+
+angle=90 //for normal incidence
+
+N=7000 //Number of lines per meter
+
+wavelength=(sind(angle)/(m*N))*10^8
+
+printf('\nThe longest wavelength is lam = %.0f A. ',wavelength)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.7/Example2_14.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.7/Example2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..255fb5400 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.7/Example2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_7,pg 2-27
+
+m=1 //first ordr spectrum
+
+wavelength=6560*10^-8 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=16.2 //angle of diffraction
+
+N=2*sind(angle)/(m*wavelength)
+
+printf('\nNumber of lines per 2 cm is N = %.0f',N)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.8/Example2_15.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.8/Example2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c5be77747 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.8/Example2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_8,pg 2-27
+
+
+m=1 //first ordr spectrum
+
+wavelength=6.56*10^-5 //wavelength of light
+
+angle=18.23333333 //angle of diffraction
+
+N=2*sind(angle)/(m*wavelength)
+
+printf('\nNumber of lines per 2 cm is N = %.2f',N)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.4.9/Example2_16.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.9/Example2_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53d8cecd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.4.9/Example2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_4_9,pg 2-27
+
+N=5000 //Number of lines per meter
+
+wavelength=6*10^-5 //wavelength of light
+
+m_max=1/(N*wavelength)
+
+printf('\nThe highest order spectrum is m = %.0f ',m_max)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.6.1/Example2_19.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.1/Example2_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0db657600 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.1/Example2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_6_1,pg 2-31
+
+wavelength_1=5893*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+wavelength_2=5896*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+m=2 //for second order
+
+N1=3000*10^2/0.5 //Number of lines per meter
+
+angle_1=asind(m*wavelength_1*N1) //for wavelength_1
+
+angle_2=asind(m*wavelength_2*N1) //for wavelength_2
+
+angle_sep=angle_2-angle_1
+
+printf('\nangular seperation is %.4f degrees \n',angle_sep)
+
+d_wavelength=3*10^-10
+
+N=wavelength_1/(m*d_wavelength)
+
+printf('\n The number of lines per meter is N = %.0f\n ',N)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.6.2/Example2_20.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.2/Example2_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..26cb19785 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.2/Example2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_6_2,pg 2-32
+
+wavelength=481 //wavelength of light
+
+m=3 //for third order
+
+N=620*5.05 //number of lines per meter
+
+d_wavelength=wavelength/(m*N)
+
+printf('\n The smallest wavelength interval is d_wavelength = %.4f nm\n',d_wavelength)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.6.3/Example2_21.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.3/Example2_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3a853916 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.3/Example2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_6_3,pg 2-33
+
+wavelength=5890*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+d_wavelength=6*10^-10
+
+m=2 //for second order
+
+N=wavelength/(d_wavelength*m)
+
+W=N/500 //as there are 500 lines/cm
+
+printf('\n The width of grating is W = %.3f cm',W)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.6.4/Example2_22.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.4/Example2_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a4a8bca43 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.4/Example2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_6_4,pg 2-33
+
+N=3*5000 //number of lines
+
+n_l=5000*10^2 //number of lines per meter
+
+wavelength=5890*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+m_max=1/(n_l*wavelength)
+
+R_P_max=(m_max)*N
+
+printf('\n The maximum R.P. = %.0f ',R_P_max)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.6.5/Example2_23.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.5/Example2_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c72e3976c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.5/Example2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_6_5,pg 2-34
+
+wavelength=5890*10^-10 //wavelength of light
+
+d_wavelength=6*10^-10
+
+m=2 //for second order
+
+N=wavelength/(d_wavelength*m)
+
+W=3 //width of grating
+
+width=W/N
+
+printf('\nNumber of lines is N = %.0f \n',N)
+
+printf('\n The grating element(width of line) is a+b =%.7f cm',width)
diff --git a/1883/CH2/EX2.6.6/Example2_24.sce b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.6/Example2_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e4b143dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH2/EX2.6.6/Example2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Chapter-2,Example2_6_6,pg 2-34
+
+m=2 //for second order
+
+N=40000 //Number of lines
+
+RP=m*N
+
+printf('\n The resolving power is R.P. = %.0f',RP)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.1/Example3_1.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.1/Example3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..06e3180d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.1/Example3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_1,pg 3-6
+
+NA=0.5 //Numerical aperture
+
+n1=1.54 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=sqrt(n1^2-NA^2) //Numerical aperture is 'NA^2 = n1^2 - n2^2'
+
+printf("\nThe refractive index of cladding is n2 = %.3f\n",n2)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.2/Example3_2.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.2/Example3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..474c8fbec --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.2/Example3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_2,pg 3-6
+
+NA=0.2 //Numerical aperture
+
+n2=1.59 //refractive index of cladding
+
+n1=sqrt(n2^2-NA^2) //Numerical aperture is 'NA^2 = n1^2 - n2^2'
+
+printf("\nThe refractive index of core is n1 = %.1f\n",n1)
+
+n0=1.33 //refractive index of medium
+
+angle_0=asind(NA/n0) //For medium numerical aperture is 'NA=n0*sin(angle_0)'
+
+printf("\nThe acceptance angle is angle_0 = %.2f Degree\n",angle_0)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.3/Example3_3.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.3/Example3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0aeeb6fba --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.3/Example3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_3,pg 3-6
+
+n1=1.49 //refractive index f core
+
+n2=1.44 //refractive index of cladding
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2) //Numerical aperture is 'NA^2 = n1^2 - n2^2'
+
+printf("\nThe Numerical aperture is N.A. = %.5f\n",NA)
+
+angle_0=asind(NA) //for air numerical aperture is 'NA=sin(angle_0)'
+
+printf("\nThe acceptance angle is angle_0 = %.1f Degree\n",angle_0)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.4/Example3_4.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.4/Example3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2823a894 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.4/Example3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_4,pg 3-7
+
+n1=1.6 //refractive index f core
+
+n2=1.3 //refractive index of cladding
+
+angle_c=asind(n2/n1) //Critical angle
+
+printf("\nThe critical angle is angle_c = %.2f Degree\n",angle_c)
+
+angle_0=asind(sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)) //for air numerical aperture is 'NA=sin(angle_0)'
+
+angle_cone=2*angle_0
+
+printf("\nThe acceptance angle cone = %.3f Degree\n",angle_cone)
+
+//mistake in textbook
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.5/Example3_5.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.5/Example3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b3abfab2f --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.5/Example3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_5,pg 3-7
+
+angle_0=30 //acceptance angle
+
+n1=1.4 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=sqrt(n1^2-sind(angle_0)^2) //Numerical aperture is 'NA^2 = n1^2 - n2^2' also numerical aperture is 'NA=sin(angle_0)'
+
+printf("\nThe refractive index of cladding is n2 = %.4f\n",n2)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.6/Example3_6.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.6/Example3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c063c0f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.6/Example3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_6,pg 3-8
+
+n1=1.563 //refractive index f core
+
+n2=1.498 //refractive index of cladding
+
+delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change
+
+printf("\nThe fractional index change is Delta = %.4f \n",delta)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.7/Example3_7.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.7/Example3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0d58c8043 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.7/Example3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_7,pg 3-8
+
+//as total internal reflection takes place for light travlling within 5 degree of the fibre axis
+
+angle_c=90-5 //critical angle
+
+n1=1.50 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=n1*sind(angle_c)
+
+printf("\nThe maximum refractive index of cladding is n2 = %.4f\n",n2)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.3.8/Example3_8.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.8/Example3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6b89fec6f --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.3.8/Example3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_3_8,pg 3-8
+
+//In air
+
+angle_0_air=30 //acceptance angle of an optical fibre
+
+NA=sind(angle_0_air) //Numerical aperture is 'NA^2 = n1^2 - n2^2' also numerical aperture is 'NA=sin(angle)'
+
+n0=1.33 //refractive index of medium
+
+angle_0=asind(NA/n0) //For medium numerical aperture is 'NA=n0*sin(angle_0)'
+
+printf("\nThe acceptance angle in medium is angle_0 = %.2f Degree\n",angle_0)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.4.1/Example3_9.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.1/Example3_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..29e32a9e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.1/Example3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_4_1,pg 3-10
+
+d=29*10^-6 //diameter of core of step index fibre
+
+wavelength=1.3*10^-6 //wavelength of light
+
+n1=1.52 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=1.5189 //refractive index of cladding
+
+V=%pi*d*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)/wavelength //Normalized frequency of the fibre
+
+printf("\nThe normalised frequency of fibre is V = %.3f\n",V)
+
+N=V^2/2 //The number of modes
+
+printf("\nThe number of modes = %.f\n",N)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.4.2/Example3_10.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.2/Example3_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3a854d3f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.2/Example3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_4_2,pg 3-10
+
+//For single mode fibre, V < 2.405
+
+V=2.405 //normalized frequency of fibre
+
+n1=1.47 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=1.46 //refractive index of cladding
+
+wavelength=1.3 //wavelength
+
+d=V*wavelength/(%pi*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)) //diameter of core
+
+r=(d/2)
+
+printf("\nThe maximum radius for fibre = %.3f um\n",r)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.4.3/Example3_11.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.3/Example3_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3e4176c03 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.3/Example3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_4_3,pg 3-11
+
+wavelength=1*10^-6 //wavelength of light
+
+r=50*10^-6 //radius of core
+
+delta=0.055 //relative refractive index of fibre
+
+n1=1.48 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=n1*(1-delta) //as 'delta= (n1-n2)/n1'
+
+printf("\nThe refractive index of cladding n2 = %.4f \n",n2)
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2) //numerical aperture
+
+printf("\nThe numerical aperture N.A. = %.3f \n",NA)
+
+angle_0=asind(NA) // as N.A.=sin(angle_0)
+
+printf("\nThe acceptance angle is angle_0 = %.2f Degree\n",angle_0)
+
+d=2*r
+
+V=%pi*d*NA/wavelength //Normalized frequency of the fibre
+
+printf("\nThe normalised frequency of fibre is V = %.2f\n",V)
+
+N=V^2/2 //The number of modes
+
+printf("\nThe number of modes = %.f \n",N)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.4.4/Example3_12.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.4/Example3_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f01b5ce0b --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.4/Example3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_4_4,pg 3-12
+
+wavelength=1*10^-6 //wavelength of light
+
+d=6*10^-6 //diameter of core
+
+n1=1.45 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=1.448 //refractive index of cladding
+
+angle_c=asind(n2/n1) //critical angle is 'sin(angle_c) = n2/n1'
+
+printf("\nThe critical angle is angle_c = %.f Degree\n",angle_c)
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)
+
+angle_0=asind(NA) //acceptance angle is 'sin(angle_0) = NA = sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)'
+
+printf("\nThe acceptance angle is angle_0 = %.3f Degree\n",angle_0)
+
+N=%pi^2*d^2*NA^2/(2*wavelength^2) //the number of modes propogating through fibre
+
+printf("\nthe number of modes propogating through fibre is N = %.f\n",N)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.4.5/Example3_13.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.5/Example3_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cbedee7d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.5/Example3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_4_5,pg 3-12
+
+wavelength=1*10^-6 //wavelength of light
+
+r=50*10^-6 //radius of core
+
+n1=1.50 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=1.48 //refractive index of cladding
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2) //numerical aperture
+
+d=2*r //diameter of core
+
+N=%pi^2*d^2*NA^2/(2*wavelength^2) //the number of modes propogating through fibre
+
+printf("\nthe number of modes propogating through fibre is N = %.f\n",N)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.4.6/Example3_14.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.6/Example3_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d970b07e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.4.6/Example3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_4_6,pg 3-13
+
+wavelength=1.4*10^-6 //wavelength of light
+
+d=40*10^-6 //diameter of core
+
+n1=1.55 //refractive index of core
+
+n2=1.50 //refractive index of cladding
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2) //numerical aperture
+
+printf("\nThe numerical aperture N.A. = %.4f \n",NA)
+
+delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //Fractional index change
+
+printf("\nThe fractional index change Delta = %.5f\n",delta)
+
+V=%pi*d*NA/wavelength //Normalized frequency of the fibre
+
+printf("\nthe V-number is V = %.2f \n",V)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.6.1/Example3_17.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.1/Example3_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa50390ef --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.1/Example3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_6_1,pg 3-17
+
+Pin=1 //Input power in mW
+
+Pout=0.3 //output power in mW
+
+Pl=(-10)*log10(Pout/Pin) //Power loss or attenuation
+
+L=0.1 //Length of cable in km
+
+a=Pl/L //fibre attenuation
+
+printf("\nThe fibre attenuation is a = %.2f dB/km\n",a)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.6.2/Example3_16.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.2/Example3_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53181b2dc --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.2/Example3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_6_2,pg 3-18
+
+L=3 //length of fibre in km
+
+a=1.5 //Loss specification in dB/km
+
+Pin=9.0 //input power in uW
+
+Pl=a*L //Power loss
+
+Pout=Pin*10^(-Pl/10) //as Power loss or attenuation is Pl=(-10)*log10(Pout/Pin)
+
+printf("\nThe output power Pout = %.3f uW\n",Pout)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.6.3/Example3_18.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.3/Example3_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e21496b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.3/Example3_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_6_3,pg 3-18
+
+a=2.2
+
+//ratio= Pout/Pin
+
+//For a length of L=2 km
+
+Pl1=a*2
+
+ratio_1=10^(-Pl1/10) //as Power loss or attenuation is Pl=(-10)*log10(Pout/Pin)
+
+printf("\nThe fractional initial intensity after 2 km is %.3f \n",ratio_1)
+
+//For a length of L=6 km
+
+Pl2=a*6
+
+ratio_2=10^(-Pl2/10) //as Power loss or attenuation is Pl=(-10)*log10(Pout/Pin)
+
+printf("\nThe fractional initial intensity after 6 km is %.3f \n",ratio_2)
diff --git a/1883/CH3/EX3.6.4/Example3_15.sce b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.4/Example3_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a15acabf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH3/EX3.6.4/Example3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-3,Example3_6_4,pg 3-19
+
+Pin=8.6 //Input power in mW
+
+Pout=7.5 //output power in mW
+
+Pl=(-10)*log10(Pout/Pin) //Power loss or attenuation
+
+L=0.5 //Length of cable in km
+
+a=Pl/L //Loss secification
+
+printf("\nThe loss specification in cable is a = %.3f dB/km\n",a)
diff --git a/1883/CH4/EX4.6.1/Example4_1.sce b/1883/CH4/EX4.6.1/Example4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..18e43070e --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH4/EX4.6.1/Example4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-4,Example4_6_1,pg 4-7
+
+P=3.147*10^-3 //output power
+
+t=60 //time
+
+wavelength=632.8*10^-9 //wavelength of He-Ne laser
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light in air
+
+N=P*t*wavelength/(h*c) //No. of photons emitted
+
+printf("\nNo. of photons emitted each minute\n")
+
+disp(N)
diff --git a/1883/CH4/EX4.6.2/Example4_2.sce b/1883/CH4/EX4.6.2/Example4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..093d93190 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH4/EX4.6.2/Example4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-4,Example4_6_2,pg 4-7
+
+wavelength=694.3*10^-9 //wavelength of He-Ne laser
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light in air
+
+k=1.38*10^-23 //Boltzmann constant
+
+T=300 //ambient temperature in kelvin
+
+ratio=%e^-(h*c/(wavelength*k*T)) //ratio of population of two energy level in laser
+
+printf("\nRatio of population of two energy level in laser N2/N1 is\n")
+
+disp(ratio)
diff --git a/1883/CH4/EX4.6.3/Example4_3.sce b/1883/CH4/EX4.6.3/Example4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..701ba17ae --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH4/EX4.6.3/Example4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Chapter-4,Example4_6_3,pg 4-8
+
+P=100*10^3 //avrage power per pulse
+
+t=20*10^-9 //time duration
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light in air
+
+N=6.981*10^15 //No. of photons per pulse
+
+wavelength=N*h*c/(P*t)*10^10
+
+printf("\nWavelength of photons = %.f A.\n",wavelength)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.15.1/Example5_22.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.1/Example5_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9861bee9e --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.1/Example5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_15_1,pg 5-41
+
+//En=(n^2*h^2)/(8*m*e*L^2) n=1,2,3,....
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of an electron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+L=2*10^-10 //width
+
+E1=h^2/(8*m*e*L^2) //For ground state n=1
+
+printf("\nThe energy of an electron in ground state E1 = %.2f eV\n",E1)
+
+E2=4*E1 //For first excited state n=2
+
+printf("\nThe energy of an electron in ground state E2 = %.2f eV\n",E2)
+
+E3=9*E1 //For second excited state n=3
+
+printf("\nThe energy of an electron in ground state E3 = %.2f eV\n",E3)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.15.2/Example5_23.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.2/Example5_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..45c8639da --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.2/Example5_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_15_2,pg 5-42
+
+//En=(n^2*h^2)/(8*m*e*L^2) n=1,2,3,....
+
+//as width 'L' gets double ,the ground state energy becomes one-fourth
+
+E=5.6*10^-3 //Ground state energy of an electron
+
+E_new=E/4 //width is doubled
+
+printf("\nThe new energy of an electron in ground state E = %.4f\n",E_new)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.15.3/Example5_27.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.3/Example5_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f55535f71 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.3/Example5_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_15_3,pg 5_42
+
+//for box of width a , the normalised eigen functions are
+
+// 'sci = sqrt(2/a)*sin(n*%pi*x/a)'
+
+// 'sci_c = sqrt(2/a)*sin(n*%pi*x/a)' complex conjugate
+
+//for first excitation
+
+n=2
+
+//probability of finding the particle is P = integral a/4 to 3a/4 of sci * sci_c
+
+//as 'a' is constant width
+//assume
+a=1
+
+function y=f(x),y= (2/a)*(sin(n*%pi*x/a))^2, // y = sci * sci_c
+endfunction
+
+P=intg(a/4,3*a/4,f)
+
+printf('\nThe probability of finding the particle is P = %.1f',P)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.15.4/Example5_28.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.4/Example5_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dab15371c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.4/Example5_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_15_4,pg 5_43
+
+//probability of finding the particle is P = integral x1 to x2 of sci * sci_c
+
+//interval is (0,1/2)
+
+x1=0
+
+x2=1/2
+
+//sci= x*sqrt(3)
+
+//complex conjugate is sci_c = x*sqtr(3)
+
+function y=f(x),y=(x*sqrt(3))^2, // y = sci * sci_c
+endfunction
+
+P=intg(x1,x2,f)
+
+printf('\nThe probability of finding the particle is P = %.3f',P)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.15.5/Example5_24.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.5/Example5_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..17daed58c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.5/Example5_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_15_5,pg 5-44
+
+//for an electron
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //electron charge
+
+m_e=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+L=10^-9 //width of well
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plank's constant
+
+//the energy level are given by En = n^2 *h^2/(8*m*L^2)
+
+Ee1=(1^2)*(h^2)/(8*m_e*e*(L^2)) //for n = 1
+
+Ee2=(2^2)*(h^2)/(8*m_e*e*(L^2)) //for n = 2
+
+Ee3=(3^2)*(h^2)/(8*m_e*e*(L^2)) //for n = 3
+
+printf('\n FOR AN ELECTRON')
+printf('\n the lowest three energy states are obtained ')
+printf('\n for n = 1 Ee1 = %.4f eV',Ee1)
+printf('\n for n = 2 Ee2 = %.4f eV',Ee2)
+printf('\n for n = 3 Ee3 = %.4f eV',Ee3)
+
+
+//for the grain of dust
+
+m=10^-9 //mass of grain of dust
+
+l=10^-4 //width of well
+
+E1=(1^2)*(h^2)/(8*m*e*(l^2)) //for n = 1
+
+E2=(2^2)*(h^2)/(8*m*e*(l^2)) //for n = 2
+
+E3=(3^2)*(h^2)/(8*m*e*(l^2)) //for n = 3
+
+printf('\n\n FOR THE GRAIN OF DUST ')
+printf('\n the lowest three energy states are obtained ')
+printf('\n for n = 1 E1 = ')
+disp(E1)
+printf(' eV')
+printf('\n for n = 2 E2 = ')
+disp(E2)
+printf(' eV')
+printf('\n for n = 3 E3 = ')
+disp(E3)
+printf(' eV')
+
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.15.6/Example5_25.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.6/Example5_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab0c91289 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.6/Example5_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_15_6,pg 1-45
+
+E=38 //potential energy
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of an electron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+//the lowest energy of an electron for n=1 is E=h^2/(8*m*e*L^2)
+
+L=sqrt(h^2/(8*m*e*E)) //width of the well
+
+printf("\nThe width of the well is L =\n")
+
+disp(L)
+
+printf("meter\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.15.7/Example5_26.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.7/Example5_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9c1b80035 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.15.7/Example5_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_15_7,pg 1-45
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of an electron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+c=3*10^8 //speed of light in air
+
+//The energy eigen values are given by E=(h^2*n^2)/(8*m*e*L^2)
+
+L=5*10^-10 //width of potential well
+
+//as electron makes a transittion from its n=2 to n=1 energy level
+
+E1=(1*h^2)/(8*m*e*L^2) //for n=1
+
+E2=(4*h^2)/(8*m*e*L^2) //for n=2
+
+E=E2-E1 //The energy of emitted photon
+
+printf("\nThe energy of emitted photon is E2-E1 = %.2f eV\n",E)
+
+//The energy of photon in terms of wavelength is (h*c)/lam
+
+wavelength=(h*c)/(E*e)
+
+printf("\nThe wavelength of emitted photon is = %.9f m\n",wavelength)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.1/Example5_1.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.1/Example5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a188e980 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.1/Example5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_1,pg 5-5
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=10^-2 //mass of an moving object
+
+v1=1 //velocity of that object
+
+wavelength_1=h/(m*v1)
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie Wavelength is\n")
+
+disp(wavelength_1)
+
+printf("meter\n")
+
+wavelength_2=10^-10 //new de Broglie wavelength
+
+v2=h/(m*wavelength_2) //new velocity of an object
+
+printf("\nThe new velocity of an object is\n")
+
+disp(v2)
+
+printf("meter/sec\n")
+
+d=10^-3 //Distance travelled with speed v2
+
+t=(d/v2)/(365*24*60*60) //time required to travel distance
+
+printf("\nTime required to travel distance is\n")
+
+disp(t)
+
+printf("years\n")
+
+//mistake in textbook
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.10/Example5_10.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.10/Example5_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5f1b3139a --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.10/Example5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_10,pg 5-11
+
+V=10*10^3 //Potential difference
+
+wavelength=12.27/sqrt(V) // de Broglie wavelength of an eThelectron accelerated through a potential difference of 'V'
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential difference of V is = %.4f A.\n",wavelength)
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+p=h/(wavelength*10^-10) //The momentum of an electron
+
+printf("\nThe momentum of an electron\n")
+
+disp(p)
+
+printf("kg-meter/sec\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.11/Example5_11.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.11/Example5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fed16281f --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.11/Example5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_11,pg 5-11
+
+//a proton and alpha particle are accelerated by the same potential difference
+
+m_p=1.67*10^-27 //mass of proton
+
+m_a=4*m_p //mass of alpha particle (assume mass of alpha particle to be 4 times the mass of proton)
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of proton
+
+e_a=2*e //charge of an alpha particle
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //plancks constant
+
+wavelength_p=h/sqrt(2*m_p*e) //wavelength of proton
+
+wavelength_a=h/sqrt(2*m_a*e_a) //wavelength of an alpha particle
+
+ratio=wavelength_p/wavelength_a //ratio of the de Broglie wavelengths associated with proton and alpha particle
+
+printf("\nthe ratio of wavelengths associated with proton and alpha particle = %.3f\n",ratio)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.12/Example5_12.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.12/Example5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dcf42e851 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.12/Example5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_12,pg 5-12
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=6.68*10^-27 //mass of alpha particle
+
+E=1.6*10^-16 //energy asociated with alpha particle
+
+wavelength=h/sqrt(2*m*E)
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of an alpha particle\n")
+
+disp(wavelength)
+
+printf("meter\n")
+
+v=h/(m*wavelength) //velocity of an alpha particle
+
+printf("\nThe velocity of an alpha particle v = %.2f m/s\n",v)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.13/Example5_13.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.13/Example5_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aa70e9b5c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.13/Example5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_13,pg 5-12
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light in air
+
+E=1.6*10^-19 //energy of photon
+
+wavelength_ph=h*c/E //The energy of photon is E=h*c/lamph
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of a photon\n")
+
+disp(wavelength_ph)
+
+printf("meter\n")
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+wavelength_e=h/sqrt(2*m*E)
+
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of an electron\n")
+
+disp(wavelength_e)
+
+printf("meter\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.14/Example5_14.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.14/Example5_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0e514879c --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.14/Example5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_14,pg 5-13
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m_0=9.1*10^-31 //rest mass of electron
+
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light in air
+
+E=m_0*c^2 //kinetic energy associated with
+
+wavelength=h/sqrt(2*m_0*E) //The de broglie wavelength of an electron
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of an electron\n")
+
+disp(wavelength)
+
+printf("meter\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.2/Example5_2.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.2/Example5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..81f661bd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.2/Example5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_2,pg 5-6
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+wavelength=10^-10 //de Broglie wavelength of an electron
+
+v=h/(m*wavelength) //velocity of an electron
+
+printf("\nThe velocity of an electron is v = %.1f m/s\n",v)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.3/Example5_3.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.3/Example5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bc95004f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.3/Example5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_3,pg 5-6
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+wavelength=5000*10^-10 //de Broglie wavelength of an electron
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge on electron
+
+E=h^2/(2*m*wavelength^2*e) //Kinetic energy of an electron
+
+printf("\nKinetic energy of an electron is E = %.9f eV\n",E)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.4/Example5_4.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.4/Example5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..091d2a40f --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.4/Example5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_4,pg 5-7
+
+E=0.025 //energy of neutron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=1.676*10^-27 //mass of a neutron
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge on electron
+
+wavelength=h/sqrt(2*m*E*e) //The Wavelength of a beam of neutron
+
+printf("\nThe Wavelength of a beam of neutron is\n")
+
+disp(wavelength)
+
+printf("meter\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.5/Example5_5.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.5/Example5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2f96cb95a --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.5/Example5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_5,pg 5-7
+
+E=120 //kinetic energy of an electron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge on electron
+
+wavelength=h/sqrt(2*m*E*e) //The de Broglie Wavelength of an electron
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie Wavelength of an electron is\n")
+
+disp(wavelength)
+
+printf("meter\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.6/Example5_6.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.6/Example5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fea0346e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.6/Example5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_6,pg 5-7
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=1.67*10^-27 //mass of a neutron
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge on electron
+
+wavelength=10^-10 //The de Broglie Wavelength of a neutron
+
+v=h/(m*wavelength) //velocity of a neutron
+
+printf("\nThe velocity of a neutron is v= %.f m/s\n",v)
+
+E=h^2/(2*m*wavelength^2*e) //Kinetic energy of a neutron
+
+printf("\nKinetic energy of a neutron is E= %.5f eV\n",E)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.7/Example5_7.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.7/Example5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dfc483bd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.7/Example5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_7,pg 5-8
+
+//(1)
+V=182 //Potential difference
+
+wavelength_1=12.27*10^-10/sqrt(V) //The de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential diff. of 'V'
+
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential diff. of V is\n")
+
+disp(wavelength_1)
+
+printf("meter\n")
+
+//(2)
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=1
+
+v=1
+
+wavelength_2=h/(m*v)
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of an object is\n")
+
+disp(wavelength_2)
+
+printf("meter\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.8/Example5_8.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.8/Example5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..601ac0e95 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.8/Example5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_8,pg 5-9
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge on electron
+
+wavelength=10^-14 //The de Broglie wavelength of an electron
+
+p=h/wavelength //as the de Broglie wavelength of an electron is (lam=h/p)
+
+printf("\nThe momentum of an electron is\n")
+
+disp(p)
+
+printf("kg-meter/sec\n")
+
+E=p^2/(2*m*e)*10^-6 //energy corresponds to momentum
+
+printf("\nenergy of an electron is E = %.2f MeV\n",E)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.3.9/Example5_9.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.9/Example5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2d342504d --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.3.9/Example5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_3_9,pg 5-10
+
+V=3000 //Potential difference
+
+wavelength=12.27/sqrt(V) //The de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential diff. of 'V'
+
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential diff. of V is %.3f A.\n",wavelength)
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+p=h/(wavelength*10^-10) //as the de Broglie wavelength of an electron is (wavelength=h/p)
+
+printf("\nThe momentum of an electron is\n")
+
+disp(p)
+
+printf("kg-meter/sec\n")
+
+wave_no=1/(wavelength*10^-10) //wave number
+
+printf("\nThe wave number = %.f/m\n",wave_no)
+
+d=2.04 //distance between planes
+
+n=1 //For first ordet reflection
+
+angle=asind(n*wavelength/(2*d)) //By Bragg's law '2dsin(angle)=n*wavelength'
+
+printf("\nThe Bragg angle = %.3f Degree\n",angle)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.7.1/Example5_15.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.1/Example5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e544ce9dd --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.1/Example5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_7_1,pg 5-26
+
+unc=1*10^-4 //as uncertainty is 0.01%
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+v=400 //speed of an electron
+
+delta_v=unc*v //error in measurement of speed
+
+delta_x=h/(4*%pi*m*delta_v) //By Heisenberg's uncertainty priciple
+
+printf("\nThe accuracy in position of an electron Delta_x = %.5f m\n",delta_x)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.7.2/Example5_16.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.2/Example5_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..04bb43156 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.2/Example5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_7_2,pg 5-27
+
+delta_x=10*10^-9 //position is located within this distance
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //plancks constant
+
+delta_px=h/(4*%pi*delta_x) //By Heisenberg's uncertainty priciple
+
+E=1.6*10^-16 //Energy associated with an electron
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+p=sqrt(2*m*E) //momentum of an electron
+
+percentage=delta_px*100/p //percentage uncertainty in momentum
+
+printf("\npercentage uncertainty in momentum of an electron = %.4f \n",percentage)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.7.3/Example5_17.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.3/Example5_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2283e61a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.3/Example5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_7_3,pg 5-27
+
+
+uncertainty=1*10^-4 //as uncertainty is 0.01%
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+v=4*10^5 //speed of an electron
+
+delta_v=uncertainty*v //error in measurement of speed
+
+delta_x=h/(4*%pi*m*delta_v) //By Heisenberg's uncertainty priciple
+
+printf("\nThe accuracy in position of an electron Delta_x = %.8f m\n",delta_x)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.7.4/Example5_18.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.4/Example5_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8ed724955 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.4/Example5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_7_4,pg 5-27
+
+uncertainty=1*10^-2 //as uncertainty is 1%
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+v=1.88*10^6 //speed of an electron
+
+delta_v=uncertainty*v //error in measurement of speed
+
+delta_x=h/(4*%pi*m*delta_v) //By Heisenberg's uncertainty priciple
+
+printf("\nThe accuracy in position of an electron Delta_x =\n")
+
+disp(delta_x)
+
+printf("meter\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.7.5/Example5_19.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.5/Example5_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..97b605dde --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.5/Example5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_7_5,pg 5-28
+
+//By Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
+
+//(delta_E*delta_t)>=h/(4*%pi)
+
+//therefore (h*c*delta_wavelength*delta_t/wavelength^2) >= h/(4*%pi)
+
+wavelength=4*10^-7 //wavelength of spectral line
+
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light in air
+
+delta_wavelength=8*10^-15 //width of spectral line
+
+delta_t=wavelength^2/(4*%pi*c*delta_wavelength)
+
+printf("\nThe minimum time required by the electrons in upper energy state Delta_t = \n")
+
+disp(delta_t)
+
+printf("sec\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.7.6/Example5_20.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.6/Example5_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6b0b7a39 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.6/Example5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_7_6,pg 5-29
+
+h=6.63*10^-34 //Plancks constant
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of an electron
+
+delta_t=1.4*10^-10 //time spent in excited state
+
+delta_E=h/(4*%pi*delta_t*e) //By Heisenberg's uncertainty principle (delta_E*delta_t)>= h/(4*%pi)
+
+printf("\nThe uncertainty in energy of Iradium in the excited state Delta_E = %.8f eV\n",delta_E)
diff --git a/1883/CH5/EX5.7.7/Example5_21.sce b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.7/Example5_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..214c2daf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH5/EX5.7.7/Example5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter-5,Example5_7_7,pg 5-29
+
+//By Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
+
+//(delta_E*delta_t)>=h/(4*%pi)
+
+//therefore (h*c*delta_wavelength*delta_t/wavelength^2) >= h/(4*%pi)
+
+wavelength=546*10^-9 //wavelength of spectral line
+
+c=3*10^8 //velocity of light in air
+
+delta_wavelength=10^-14 //width of spectral line
+
+delta_t=wavelength^2/(4*%pi*c*delta_wavelength)
+
+printf("\nThe time spent by an atom in the excited state \n")
+
+disp(delta_t)
+
+printf("sec\n")
diff --git a/1883/CH6/EX6.1.1/Example6_1.sce b/1883/CH6/EX6.1.1/Example6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1697a2d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH6/EX6.1.1/Example6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Chapter-6,Example6_1_1,pg 6-6
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron in kg
+
+v=2.5*10^6 //velocity of an electron
+
+B=0.94*10^-4 //strength of uniform magnetic field
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of an electron
+
+angle=30 //angle between velocity vector and field direction
+
+r=m*v*sind(angle)/(B*e)*10^3 //radius of revolution
+
+printf("\nradius of revolution r = %.2f mm \n",r)
+
+l=5*v*cosd(angle)*2*%pi*m/(B*e) //distance coverd in five revolutions
+
+printf("distance coverd in five revolutions 5l =%.3f m",l)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH6/EX6.1.2/Example6_2.sce b/1883/CH6/EX6.1.2/Example6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4833a7636 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH6/EX6.1.2/Example6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter-6,Example6_1_2,pg 6-7
+
+m=9.1*10^-31 //mass of an electron in kg
+
+v=3*10^7 //velocity of an electron
+
+B=0.23 //strength of uniform magnetic field
+
+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of an electron
+
+angle=45 //angle between velocity vector and field direction
+
+r=m*v*sind(angle)/(B*e)*10^3 //radius of revolution
+
+printf("\nradius of revolution r = %.3f mm\n",r)
+
+l=v*cosd(angle)*2*%pi*m/(B*e)*10^3 //pitch f helical path
+
+printf("pitch of helical path l = %.1f mm\n",l)
diff --git a/1883/CH6/EX6.1.3/Example6_3.sce b/1883/CH6/EX6.1.3/Example6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f8b9f2ff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH6/EX6.1.3/Example6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter-6,Example6_1_3,pg 6-7
+
+y=1.5 //deflection in the beam
+
+d=0.42 //distance between two plates
+
+D=28 //distance of screen from center of plates
+
+l=1.8 //length of plates
+
+Va=1.6*10^3 //anode voltage
+
+V=2*y*d*Va/(D*l)
+
+Vin=V/6 //as amplifier gain is 60
+
+printf("\napplied voltage is Vin = %.2f V\n",Vin)
diff --git a/1883/CH6/EX6.5.1/Example6_4.sce b/1883/CH6/EX6.5.1/Example6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d794bd293 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH6/EX6.5.1/Example6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Chapter-6,Example6_5_1,pg 6-16
+
+dA=0.8 //minor axis
+
+dB=2 //major axis
+
+phase_shift=asind(dA/dB) //phase calculation
+
+printf("\n phase shift = %.2f Degrees\n",phase_shift)
diff --git a/1883/CH7/EX7.3.1/Example7_1.sce b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.1/Example7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..226ef870f --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.1/Example7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Chapter-7,Example7_3_1,pg 7-6
+
+Ho=2*10^5 //critical field at absolute zero
+
+Hc=1*10^5 //critical field at given temperature
+
+T=8 //temperature
+
+Tc=T/sqrt(1-(Hc/Ho))
+
+printf("\ncritical temperature of the element Tc = %.2f Kelvin" ,Tc)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH7/EX7.3.2/Example7_2.sce b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.2/Example7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f9a77c830 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.2/Example7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Chapter-7,Example7_3_2,pg 7-7
+
+Bo=3.06*10^-2 //critical field at absolute zero
+
+Tc=3.7 //critical temperature
+
+T=2 //temperature
+
+Bc=Bo*(1-(T/Tc)^2)
+
+printf("\ncritical field of wire Bc = %.5f T",Bc)
+
diff --git a/1883/CH7/EX7.3.3/Example7_3.sce b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.3/Example7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..430cae0ed --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.3/Example7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter-7,Example7_3_3,pg 7-7
+
+Ho=6.5*10^4 //critical field at absolute zero
+
+Tc=7.18 //critical temperature
+
+T=4.2 //temperature
+
+r=0.5*10^-3 //radius of lead wire
+
+Hc=Ho*(1-(T/Tc)^2)
+
+Ic=2*%pi*r*Hc
+
+printf("\ncritical current for wire Ic = %.2f Amperes\n",Ic)
diff --git a/1883/CH7/EX7.3.4/Example7_4.sce b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.4/Example7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7564922b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1883/CH7/EX7.3.4/Example7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Chapter-7,Example7_3_4,pg 7-8
+
+Tc1=4.185 //critical temperature 1
+
+Tc2=4.133 //critical temperature 2
+
+M1=199.5 //isotopic mass of a metal at temperature T1
+
+a=0.5
+
+M2=(Tc1*sqrt(M1)/Tc2)^2
+
+printf("\nisotopic mass is M2 = %.2f",M2)
+
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